A. Regulation A. Regulation B. Temperature B. Temperature C.
Glucose C. Glucose author unknown address unknown accessed
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Slide 4
A. Regulation 1. Cells function most efficiently under
particular conditions a. temperature- enzyme activity b. water
concentration- metabolic reactions and osmosis c. glucose
concentration- energy balance and osmosis 2. Homeostasis is the
maintenance of the internal environment_ author unknown address
unknown accessed unknown HOW DOES YOUR HOUSE MAINTAIN A CONSTANT
TEMPERATURE? Think about it! Think
Slide 5
B. Temperature 1. Mammals maintain a constant internal body
temperature (despite fluctuations in the environmental temperature)
a. endotherms- mammals and birds generate heat internally b.
ectotherms- reptiles, amphibians, and fish rely on the environment
to control temperature_ author unknown address unknown accessed
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Slide 6
2. Sweating (perspiration) a. sweat is secreted from sweat
glands b. as it evaporates, it takes heat from the skin, and so
cools it_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author
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Slide 7
3. Vasodilation- blood vessels near the surface become wider a.
more blood flow through b. heat is lost to the air by radiation 4.
Vasoconstriction- blood vessels become narrower a. less blood flows
through b. heat is conserved_ author unknown address unknown
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Slide 8
C. Glucose Concentration 1. Mammals maintain a constant
concentration of glucose in the blood_ author unknown address
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Slide 9
2. The pancreas produces hormone that controls the levels of
glucose a. secretion of insulin reduces high blood glucose levels
b. glucagon increases low blood glucose levels 3. Failure of this
mechanism may lead to diabetes_ author unknown address unknown
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Slide 10
Slide 11
A. Urine A. Urine B. The Urinary System B. The Urinary System
C. Kidneys C. Kidneys author unknown address unknown accessed
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Slide 12
A. Urine 1. Urea is a nitrogenous waste product produced in
mammals a. formed in the liver from excess proteins b. excreted by
the kidneys in the form of urine_ author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click WHAT DO YOU
THINK URINE IS COMPOSED OF? Think about it! Think
Slide 13
B. The Urinary System 1. The urinary system is composed of: a.
renal artery- blood with high urea concentration b. kidneys- filter
out urea c. renal vein- blood with low urea concentration d.
bladder- stores urine (500 ml) e. urethra- carries urine from
bladder to outside_ author unknown address unknown accessed
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Slide 14
C. Kidneys 1. Kidneys are located near the back of the body of
mammals a. just above the waist 2. They remove excess water and
urea from the blood plasma a. produce urine which is stored in the
bladder_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
Slide 15
3. The amount of water in the urine can be varied by the kidney
a. in response to changes in the water content of the blood b.
water and other molecules are filtered into nephrons of the kidney_
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Slide 16
c. water can be reabsorbed into the kidney and returned to the
blood d. dependant on bodys demand for water_ author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown Play