author unknown address unknown accessed unknown The Cell The Cell Structure and Function Cell Structure and Function Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion and

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Cellular Organisation

The Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Diffusion and Osmosis

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IF YOU WERE GOING TO OPERATE A BUBBLEGUM FACTORY, WHAT EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS WOULD YOU NEED TO HAVE?

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The Cell


A. Cell Theory

B. Classes of Cells

C. Overview of the Cell

D. Types of Cells



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A. Cell Theory

1. All living organisms are made up of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

3. All cells are formed from other cells_



B. Classes of Cells

1. Prokaryotic (no nucleus)

a. bacteria and archaea

b. smaller and simpler

c. 1-10 micrometers_



2. Eukaryotic (true nucleus)

a. protists, fungi, plants, and animals

b. larger and more complex

c. 10-100 micrometers_



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C. Overview of the Cell

1. An organelle (mini organ) is a discrete structure within a cell and has a specific function

2. General Functions

a. manufacture

b. breakdown

c. energy processing

d. support and movement_



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D. Types of Cells

1. Different types of cells perform different functions

a. the structure relates to their function

2. Cells are arranged in groups to form tissues_



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Cell Structure and Function


A. Cell Membrane

B. The Nucleus & Cytoplasm

C. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria

D. Cell Walls & Vacuoles


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A. Cell Membrane

1. The cell membrane separates the interior of a cell from its surroundings

a. the membrane acts like layer of skin

2. Membranes are partially permeable (control what passes across)_


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DESCRIBE THREE FUNCTIONS OF YOUR SKIN.

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B. The Nucleus & Cytoplasm

1. Nucleus- control center

a. surrounded by a nuclear envelope

b. contains DNA (chromosomes) which directs the cell’s activities_



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2. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance

a. found between the cell membrane and the nucleus_


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C. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria

1. Chloroplasts convert energy from the sun into sugars

a. site of photosynthesis

b. found in plants and algae_



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2. The mitochondria releases energy from sugar

a. site of cellular respiration

b. found in plant and animal cells

c. called “the powerhouse”_



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D. Cell Walls & Vacuoles

1. Cell walls are strong protective coverings found in plant cells

a. made of cellulose fibers which criss-cross over one another_



2. Vacuoles are large membrane-bound sacs that store:

a. undigested food & water

b. color pigments & poisons

c. usually take up 90% of the plant cell volume_



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The End


Diffusion and Osmosis


A. Diffusion

B. Osmosis



1. Particles move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration by diffusion

a. through air (scents, water vapor, and O2/CO2)

b. through water (nutrients, hormones, and O2/CO2)

2. Equilibrium is reached when particles are evenly spread out_

A. Diffusion



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1. The diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane is called osmosis

2. Osmosis causes water to move from low solute to high solute conditions

a. salt water- high solute (low water)

b. distilled water- no (low) solute (high water)

c. saline water- equal solute (equal water) to that of cells_

B. Osmosis



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DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE SKIN ON YOUR FINGERS AFTER YOU HAVE BEEN SWIMMING OR WASHING DISHES FOR A LONG TIME.

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3. Osmosis effects the water balance of cells

a. animal cells shrivel in high solute and burst in low solute conditions (prefer saline)

b. plant cells shrivel in high solute and become limp in saline conditions (prefer low solute)_


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The End


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author unknown address unknown accessed unknown The Cell The Cell Structure and Function Cell Structure and Function Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion and