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What is diabetes?
Insulin and Glucagon Type I and Type II Prevalence
366 million people worldwide1
Cost $465 billion a year worldwide1
1 Chang, Maria. The Huffington Post, 13 September 2011.
How is diabetes treated?
Insulin injections Types of insulin
Rapid Short-acting Intermediate Long-acting
Problem: Prepare Injection Wrong
50% of people do it wrong2
How to properly prepare an insulin injection Where can you mess up? Why people do it wrong:
Visual Impairment Peripheral Neuropathy Arthritis
2 Wartburg, Linda. Diabetes Health, 21 March 2009.
Problem: Skip Injections
Insulin is expensive Average insulin user spends $11,476 a year2
Skip injections to save money
2 Wartburg, Linda. Diabetes Health, 21 March 2009.
Problem: Dangerous to take wrong amount of insulin Hyperglycemic
Fatigue, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias Hypoglycemic
Impaired vision, fainting, seizures, comas Health complications:
Blindness, amputation, death3
May result in hospital visit
3 Health Action International. 16 August 2012.
Problem: Expensive Hospital Visits
Emergency Room visit Hospitalization Outpatient Care Cost
Average $31,764 a year2
2 Wartburg, Linda. Diabetes Health, 21 March 2009.
Existing Solution: Insulin Pens
How they work Disposable
Novo Nordisk FlexTouch
Durable Novo Nordisk
NovoPen 3http://www.upmc.com/patients-visitors/education/diabetes/pages/insulin-pens-how-to-give-a-shot.aspx
Campos, Carlos. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. September 2012
Existing Solution: Insulin Pens Easier to use than syringe
Steadier Easier to read Easier to push down button
Expensive Not for visually impaired Dials are hard to use Possible to not give complete dose Most not sold in US
Existing Solution: Insulin Pump Insulin-filled cartridge
connected to catheter inserted into subcutaneous tissue
Continuously delivers insulin Wear all the time Expensive Major brands:
Disentronic Medical Systems, Minimed Technologies, and Animas
http://www.typefreediabetes.com/Articles.asp?ID=287
Lenhard, James M., Arch Intern Med, 22 October 2001
Apparatus for inserting a syringe needle into a vial (patent #3,853,158)
Helps with insertion of needle
Vial slides toward needle User still has to draw out
liquid themselves
Whitty, Albert J. “Apparatus for inserting a syringe needle into a vial.” Patent 3,853,158. 10 December 1974
Syringe loader and method (patent #4,434,820)
Fill 1 syringe with 2 liquids Dosage gage and dosage
stop indicator User could set gage and stop
indicator wrong
Glass, John P. “Syringe loader and method.” Patent 4.434.820. 6 May 1984
Syringe filling device (patent #4,489,766)
Different size spacers to limit movement of plunger
Spacers may be too small or challenging for some users to set
Montada, Benjamin V. “Syringe filling device.” Patent 4,489,766. 25 December 1984
Automated drug preparation apparatus including syringe loading, preparation, and filling (patent #8,209,941)
Syringes banded together with web
Removes and replaces safety cap
Moves plunger Too big and complicated
for at home use For hospital setting
Osborne, Joel A. “Automated drug preparation apparatus including syringe loading, preparation and filling.” Patent 8,209,941. 3 July 2012
Design Requirements General:
Small size Inexpensive Can be used in a home
setting Operation:
Safe Accurate Not limited by user health
conditions
Minimum functions: Hold insulin vial(s) Mix insulin vial(s) Sterilize vial(s) Uncap needles Insert needle into vial(s) Withdraw a specified
amount of insulin
Design Specifications General
Portability: Size: Less than 0.03 m3
Weight: 2-7 kg Can stand alone on a table surface
Cost: < $200 manufacturing cost
Operation: Room temperature: 15-32° C Altitude: 0-6,200 m above sea level
Highest livable altitude in U.S. Aesthetics
Visually appealing Not Bulky
Noise Level: < 30 dB
Power: Provide enough energy to run
components 120V outlet?
Reliability/Safety: ≥ 99.9% Reliable ≥ 99.9% Accurate No exposed sharps No shock hazards Heat: ≤ 49 C
Minimum heat required for a burn Durability:
Sustainable impact force: 19.6-68.6 N Lifespan: 10 – 15 years
Software: Easy to use GUI
Completed By: 03 December 2012
Design Specifications Insulin Vial Storage and mixing
Storage ≥ 2 vials ≥ 1 syringe Insulin vials protected from excess
light Vial Size:
At least standard 10 mg vials Insulin Use
Allows any type of insulin Mixing Function:
Speed: .2-.3 m/s Duration: 20-30 seconds
Safety: ≥ 99.9% sterile Parts not exposed to user while in
use
Syringe Storage and Filling Syringe Size:
At least U-100 size syringes Speed of Filling:
≤ 30 seconds Force on Syringe:
Move plunger: .75-2.25 N Remove caps: .75-2.25 N Push needle into vial: .01- .1 N
Syringe Plunger Movement: Range: 0-0.1 m Speed: 0.003-0.005 m/s
Design Specifications User Interface
Size: .023-.05 m2
Ease of use ≤ 10 user steps Visible GUI Low dependence on motor function, vision, and cognitive function
Transmission speed: ≤ 1 second delay
ScheduleTasks and Milestones 3-Sep 10-Sep 17-Sep 24-Sep 1-Oct 8-Oct 15-Oct 22-Oct 29-Oct 5-Nov 12-Nov 19-Nov 26-Nov 3-Dec 10-Dec
Project Initiation Project Selection & Client Confirmation Project Scope Preliminary Research Define Specifications Preliminary Oral Report Preliminary Written Report Product Design Website Design Risk Analysis Progress Oral Report Progress Written Report Material & Manufacturing Requirements Design Analysis Final Oral Report Final Written Report Poster Competition
Tasks: Milestones:
Team Responsibilities
Brant – Website Design and Maintenance Kellie – Material & Manufacturing
Requirements Jessica – Risk Analysis