Automatically detecting and describing high level actions within methods Presented by: Gayani Samaraweera

Automatically detecting and describing high level actions within methods

Presented by:Gayani Samaraweera

The problem

Given signature and the body of a method M, automatically discover each code fragment that implements a high level action comprising the overall algorithm of M, and accurately express each high level action as a succinct natural language description

OutlineThe problemOutlineHigh level actionsMethodEvaluationConcernsOther usesConclusion

High level actionsSequence fragment

A sequence of statements that when taken together represents a single high level action

Conditional fragment A conditional block that performs an

action with subtle variations based on the condition

Loop fragment Code patterns that are commonly

implemented using loop constructs that constitute a high level action

Method

Detecting high level actions Uses

AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) CFG (Control Flow Gragh) Information from naming

conventions and linguistic knowledge gained from observations of Java programs Textual clues from SWUM (Software

Word Usage Model)

cont..

Word usage information from identifiers Identifier splitting

Camel case splitting: on capital letters, underscores, numbers

Eg: childXMLElement → child XML Element

Expand identifier abbreviations Eg: Button butSelectAll, MouseEvent evt

SWUM → action, theme, optional secondary arguments of a statement grouping Eg: list.add(Item i); → “add item to list”

themeaction secondary argument

Sequence as single actionSequence fragmentsIdentifying sequences of

statements with similar actions◦Indicated by similar method calls

cont..

Challenges Integrate to successor statement based

on similarity Different method names

Same method name different parameter types

cont..

Identifying fragments Statements with one or more

method callsAdd ended panel to content panel

Add bid panel to content panel

Verb → add → equalsHead word of NP → panel → equalsPreposition → to content panel → equals

→ integratable

cont..

Synthesizing descriptions If equal head word → plural Else

Add okButton to content panel

Head word of NP → differentBut if fields of same class → “all attributes” “different attributes”

Abstracting conditionals

Challenges Integrating similar statements in

different branches Integrating conditional

statements guarding different branches

Integrating return statements with literals or similar method calls

cont..

Identifying and describing conditionals Integrate statements of each block,

compare each statement with statements of parent block For method calls

Singular

cont..

For return statements

For assignment statements

Theme based on enclosing method

Update, create or get

cont..

Describing conditional expressions Compare phrases as 'subject

predicate object' Subject and predicate are equal →

based on what <subject> <predicate>Based on what os name starts with

If only head word of subject is equalBased on which <head word> <predicate> <object>

Based on which radio button is selected

Finding traceable patterns in loops

Challenges Common algorithms as finding,

counting, copying Develop identification templates Develop heuristics to synthesize

phrases for each template

cont..

Loop abstractions implemented Count Contains Find Copy Max-min

cont..

Identifying fragments and synthesize templates

cont..

Variations in synthesis templates 'find item (in collection)

whose/which/such that <criteria>'in subject predicate object, If item is subject → which If an attribute of item is subject →

whose Default → such that

Evaluation

Executed on 1.2 million methods across 1000 Java programs

cont..

How prevalent are the implemented high level methods? Sequence (methods with >= 10 statements

12.5%) 11%

Conditional 40% of if-else 24% of switch

Loop 51% of loops classified as iterating over all items in

a collection 15% of iterator loops detected by implemented

patterns

cont..

Potential reduction in reading detail Reduction in identified high level

actions Sequence → one phrase

22% of original size Conditional → two phrases

29% of original size Loop → varying # phrases

25% of original size

cont..

Precision of identification and description 15 human evaluators, each

evaluating 15 code fragments (5-sequence, 5-conditional, 5-loop)

75 code fragments from 15 projects evaluated by 3 evaluators

From methods with <= 20 statements25-conditional, 25-sequence, 25-loop

Loops: 5 fragments from each 5 patterns

cont..

Evaluators wrote an abstraction of the method

Answered following based on 1 – strongly disagree to 5 – strongly

agree

identification

description

cont..

Majority agreed or strongly agreed on both P1 and P2

Concerns..

May not generalize to other Java programs

Results may vary on larger programs Results might not hold with novices Reduction in reading measurement

may not hold with some developers

Improving client tools Extract method refactoring

Create application based on whatos starts with

Set different attributes of SVGApplicationModel

cont..

Internal comment generation Instead of Extract Method

refactoring, can add comments inline

Add empty lines between related code fragments

Suggesting more informative method names

Improving automatically generated summary comments for a method

Conclusions

First technique for identifying code fragments of statement sequences, conditionals and loops, that is abstracted to a high level action

Automatically synthesizing natural language description

References1. Giriprasad Sridhara, Lori Pollock, and K. Vijay-Shanker.

Automatically detecting and describing high level actions within methods. In Proceeding of the 33rd international conference on Software engineering (ICSE '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 101-110.

2. G. Sridhara, E. Hill, D. Muppaneni, L. Pollock, and K. Vijay-Shanker. Towards Automatically Generating Summary Comments for Java Methods. Intl. Conf on Automated Softw. Engg. (ASE’10), 2010.

3. Giriprasad Sridhara, Lori Pollock, K. Vijay-Shanker, "Generating Parameter Comments and Integrating with Method Summaries," International Conference on Program Comprehension, pp. 71-80, 2011 IEEE 19th International Conference on Program Comprehension, 2011

4. E. Hill. Integrating Natural Language and Program Structure Information to Improve Software Search and Exploration. PhD Dissertation, University of Delaware, 2010.

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Automatically detecting and describing high level actions within methods Presented by: Gayani Samaraweera