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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
1
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The main objective of this chapter is to give the ideas about the whole project. This
chapter contains of several subtopics that contains of project overview, the objective, scope,
the methodology and the summary of the thesis. This chapter is also including of explanation
of the implementation process of the project.
1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW:
The project consists of a main circuit that includes a LC display indicator, two !all
sensors attached to the bi"e frame, and a small magnet placed on the gear shift lever. #t
operation depends entirely on the gear shift lever movement instead of connecting to
speedometer and tachometer sensors, ma"ing this its main advantage. The signals of the two
hall sensors are read by the $%& $Tmeag' microcontroller. The current gear is stored in
(()&*+ even if the motor is turned *. This will be restored when the device is turned
*- again.
1. OBJECTIVE AND MOTIVATION:
The primary objective of our project is to provide a bi"e gear shift indicating device
which enables a rider to identify the gear shift level with ease. This is /uite a simple
implementation compared to some of the other vehicle information displays.
The use of technology in different areas led us to thin" for a new and different project.
uring our research for project topic, we got to "now about gear indication, its use and scope.
0e tried to test it via bread board if it can be made or not. The result it gave was correct. This
made us wor" on gear indication project.
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1. FLOW CHART AND ITS WORKIN:
ig 1.1low Chart
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
3
UpDown
No
Sense Level
Microcontroller
Operation
LCD Display
Magnetic Field
Sense from
ear lever
!all Sensor
Sensing On"
#es
ear level
decreased $y
%1
ear level
increased $y
&1
Crystal
Oscillator
'1( M!)
Fre*+
eneration
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
There are two hall sensors in the project, i"e 3ear #ndicator. They are up 4ensor
and down sensor. 0hen there is an increase in 3ear Level, the count increases by 51
and when there is a increase in 3ear Level, count decreases by 61. #n motorcycles,
there are gear levers. 0hen the gear levers are in motion, they create magnetic field
and those magnetic fields are captured and sensed by the two hall sensors depending
upon down gear shift or up gear shift. The fields generated are in ac 7alternative
current8 form. !ence a bridge rectifier is used to convert it into dc 7direct current8
form upto 9 %olts. This along with the sensor output is given to the microcontroller.
$ crystal oscillator is connected to the microcontroller which generates 1: +!;
fre/uency re/uired for the operation. The whole operation is performed in themicrocontroller. $ 1:
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Chapter !
LIST OF COMPONENTS
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
2.1 CIRCUIT DIARAM:
ig 2.1 Circuit diagram of i"e 3ear #ndicator
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
(
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
2.2 L"#t $% C$&p$'e't:
#. !all sensor >49''1L>$
##. LC isplay
###. %oltage regulator ?'@9
#%. Crystal *scillator
%. ridge &ectifier
%#. )C
%##. &esistors
%###. Capacitors
#A. B% attery
!.!.1 Ha(( Se'#$r US)**1LUA:
$ !all sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic
field. !all (ffect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, andcurrent sensing applications.
ig 2.2 !all sensor
#n its simplest form, the sensor operates as an analog transducer, directly returning a
voltage. 0ith a "nown magnetic field, its distance from the !all plate can be determined.
>sing groups of sensors, the relative position of the magnet can be deduced.
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_(signal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_(signal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
re/uently, a !all sensor is combined with circuitry that allows the device to act in a
digital 7onoff8 mode, and may be called a switch in this configuration. Commonly seen in
industrial applications such as the pictured pneumatic cylinder , they are also used in
consumer e/uipmentD for example some computer printers use them to detect missing paper
and open covers. 0hen high reliability is re/uired, they are used in "eyboards.
The >49''1 is a unipolar !all (ffect sensor #C fabricated from mixed signal C+*4
technology. #t incorporates advanced chopper stabili;ation techni/ues to provide accurate and
stable magnetic switch points. There are many applications for this sensor in addition to those
listed above. The design, specifications and performance have been optimi;ed for
applications of solid state switches
!.!.1.1 PIN D"a+ra&:
ig 2. )in iagram of !all 4ensor
!.!.! LCD D"#p(a,:
ig 2.LC isplay
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_cylinderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_cylinderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_technology
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
$ li/uid6crystal display 7LC8 is a flat panel display, electronic visual display,
or video display that uses the light modulating properties of li/uid crystals. Li/uid crystals do
not emit light directly. LCs are used in a wide range of applications including computer
monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft coc"pit displays, and signage. They are
common in consumer devices such as % players, gaming
devices, cloc"s, watches, calculators, and telephones, and have replaced cathode ray
tube 7C&T8 displays in most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen si;es
than C&T and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they do not suffer image
burn6in. LCs are, however, susceptible to image persistence.
!.!.- V$(ta+e Re+(at$r /*0):
The /* 7sometimes LM/*8 is a family of self6contained fixed linear voltage
regulator integrated circuits. The ?'xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits
re/uiring a regulated power supply due to their ease6of6use and low cost. or #Cs within the
family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage 7for example, the ?'@9
has a 9 volt output, while the ?'12 produces 12 volts8. The ?'xx line is positive voltage
regulatorsE they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground. There is a
related line of /2 devices which are complementary negative voltage regulators. ?'xx and
?Bxx #Cs can be used in combination to provide positive and negative supply voltages in the
same circuit.
ig 2.9)ins diagram of voltage regulator #C
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuits
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
!.!.-.1 P"' De#3r"pt"$':
PIN T4PE DESCRIPTION
Na&e NO.
#nput 1 1 4upply #nput
Common 2 6 3round
*utput @ 4upply #nput
Table -o. 2.1 )in description of ?'@9
!.!.5 Cr,#ta( O#3"((at$r:
ig 2.:Crystal *scillator
$ crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the
mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of pie;oelectric material to create an electrical
signal with a very precise fre/uency. This fre/uency is commonly used to "eep trac" of time
7as in /uart; wristwatches8, to provide a stable cloc" signal for digital integrated circuits, and
to stabili;e fre/uencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of
pie;oelectric resonator used is the /uart; crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them
became "nown as crystal oscillators
!.!.) Bridge Rectifier :
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
ig 2.?ridge &ectifier
$ diode bridge is an arrangement of four 7or more8 diodes in a bridgecircuit configuration that provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.
0hen used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating
current 7$C8 input into a direct current 7C8 output, it is "nown as a bridge rectifier . $ bridge
rectifier provides full6wave rectification from a two6wire $C input, resulting in lower cost
and weight as compared to a rectifier with a 6wire input from a transformer with a center6
tapped secondary winding.
The essential feature of a diode bridge is that the polarity of the output is the same
regardless of the polarity at the input.
!.!.6 PCB:
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
11
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier#Full-wave_rectificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_taphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_taphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier#Full-wave_rectificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_taphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_tap
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
ig 2.')C
)rinted circuit boards are electronic circuits boards created for mounting electronic
components on a nonconductive board, and for creating conductive connections betweenthem. The boards are made from glass reinforced plastic with copper trac"s in the place of
wires. Components are fixed in position by drilling holes through the board, locating the
components and then soldering them in place. The copper trac"s lin" the components
together forming a circuit
$ )C allows signals and power to be routed between physical devices. 4older is the
metal that ma"es the electrical connections between the surface of the )C and the electronic
components. eing metal, solder also serves as a strong mechanical adhesive.
!.!./ Re#"#t$r#:
$ resistor is a passive two terminal component that implement electrical resistance as
a circuit element. &esistors act to reduce current flow and at the same time act to lower
voltage levels within circuit. #n electronic circuit resistors are used to limit current flow
ig2.B &esistor
!ere we have used resistors
& 16 1@"F,
& 26 2"F
!.!.* Capa3"t$r:
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
ig 2.1@attery
$n electric 7atter, is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that
convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. (ach cell contains a positive terminal,
or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. (lectrolytes allow ions to move between the
electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform wor"
ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
1,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
Chapter -
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
AVR ATMEA *
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
-.1 INTRODUCTION:
The $%& is a modified !arvard architecture '6bit C single chip microcontroller
which was developed by $tmel in 1BB:. The $%& was one of the first microcontroller
families to use on6chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one6time
programmable &*+, ()&*+, or (()&*+ used by other microcontrollers at the time
-.! Br"e% H"#t$r,:
The $%& architecture was conceived by two students at the -orwegian #nstitute of
Technology 7-T!8 $lf6(gil ogen and %egard 0ollan.
The original $%& +C> was developed at a local $4#C house in Trondheim, -orway
called -ordic %L4# at the time, now -ordic 4emiconductor , where ogen and 0ollan were
wor"ing as students. #t was "nown as a KC 7+icro C8 and was available as silicon
#)building bloc" from -ordic %L4#. 0hen the technology was sold to $tmel from -ordic
%L4#,citation neededM the internal architecture was further developed by ogen and 0ollan
at $tmel -orway, a subsidiary of $tmel. The designers wor"ed closely with compiler writers
at #$& 4ystems to ensure that the instruction set provided for more efficient compilation of
high6level languages. $tmel says that the name $%& is not an acronym and does not stand for
anything in particular. The creators of the $%& give no definitive answer as to what the term
G$%&G stands for. !owever, it is commonly accepted that $%& stands for $lf 7(gil ogen8
and %egard 70ollanHs8 C processor.
-ote that the use of G$%&G in this article generally refers to the '6bit C line of
$tmel $%& +icrocontrollers.
$mong the first of the $%& line was the $TB@4'919, which in a @6pin #) pac"age
has the same pin out as an '@91 microcontroller, including the external multiplexed address
and data bus. The polarity of the &(4(T line was opposite 7'@91Hs having an active6high
&(4(T, while the $%& has an active6low &(4(T8, but other than that, the pin out was
identical.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trondheim,_Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAR_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAR_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAR_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8051http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trondheim,_Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAR_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8051
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
-.!.1 Cate+$r"e#:
$%& microcontrollers are available in three categories
1. T"',AVR I Less memory, small si;e, suitable only for simple applications
2. Me+aAVR I These are the most popular ones having good amount memory 7up to 29:
N8, higher number of inbuilt peripherals and suitable for moderate to complex
applications.
. 8&e+aAVR I >sed commercially for complex applications, which re/uire large
program memory and high speed.
The following table compares the above mentioned $%& series of microcontrollersE
Ser"e# Na&e P"'# F(a#h Me&$r, Spe3"a( FeatreTiny $%& :62 @.96'Nb 4mall in si;e
+ega $%& 2'61@@ 629:Nb (xtended )eripheral
Amega $%& 61@@ 1:6'Nb +$, (vent 4ystem
included
Table .1 $%& series of microcontrollers
-.- P"' Ot O% AT&e+a*:
igure .1 )in diagram of $%& $Tmega'
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
-.5 P"' De#3r"pt"$':
1. %CCE igital supply voltage 9%.
2. 3-E 3round.
. &(4(TE $ low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will
generate a reset, even if the cloc" is not running.
. $&(E The analog reference pin for the $ Converter.
9. $%CCE The supply voltage pin for the $ Converter, )ort C 7.@8.#t should be
externally connected to %CC, even if the $C is not used. #f the $C is used, it should
be connected to %CC through a low6pass filter.
PORT B:
)ort is an '6bit bi6directional #* port with internal pull6up resistors 7selected for each
bit8. The )ort output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sin" and
source capability. $s inputs, )ort pins that are externally pulled low will source current if
the pull6up resistors are activated. The )ort pins are tri6stated when a reset condition
becomes active, even if the cloc" is not running. epending on the cloc" selection fuse
settings, ): can be used as input to the inverting *scillator amplifier and input to the
internal cloc" operating circuit. epending on the cloc" selection fuse settings, )? can be
used as output from the inverting *scillator amplifier. #f the #nternal Calibrated &C *scillator
is used as chip cloc" source, )?.: is used as T*4C2.1 .#nput for the $synchronous
TimerCounter2 if the $42 bit in $44& is set. The various special features of )ort are
elaborated in table.
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
The )ort pins with alternate functions are shown in TableE
PORT PIN FUNCTIONS
)? AT$L2 7Chip Cloc" *scillator pin 28
T*4C2 7Timer *scillator pin 28
): AT$L1 7Chip Cloc" *scillator pin 1 or (xternal cloc" input8
T*4C1 7Timer *scillator pin 18
)9 4CN 74)# us +aster cloc" #nput8
) +#4* 74)# us +aster #nput4lave *utput8
) +*4# 74)# us +aster *utput4lave #nput8
*C2 7TimerCounter2 *utput Compare +atch *utput8
)2 44 74)# us +aster 4lave select8 *C1 7TimerCounter1
*utput Compare +atch *utput8
)1 *C1$ 7TimerCounter1 *utput Compare +atch $ *utput8
)@ #C)1 7TimerCounter1 #nput Capture )in8
Table .2 escription of port
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
PORT C:
P$rt C 9PC).PC0 )ort C is a ?6bit bi6directional #* port with internal pull6up
resistors 7selected for each bit8. The )ort C output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sin" and source capability. $s inputs, )ort C pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull6up resistors are activated. The )ort C pins
are tri6stated when a reset condition becomes active, (ven if the cloc" is not running
PC6;RESET: #f the &4T#4L use is programmed, )C: is used as an #* pin. -ote
that the electrical characteristics of )C: differ from those of the other pins of )ort C. #f the
&4T#4L use is unprogrammed, )C: is used as a &eset input. $ low level on this pin for
longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a &eset, even if the cloc" is not running.
4horter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a &eset. The various special features of )ort C
are elaborated in TableE
PORT PIN FUNCTIONS
)C: &(4(T 7&eset pin8
)C9 $C9 7$C #nput Channel 98
4CL 7Two6wire 4erial us Cloc" Line8
)C $C 7$C #nput Channel 8
4$ 7Two6wire 4erial us ata #nputoutput Line8
)C $C 7$C #nput Channel 8
)C2 $C2 7$C #nput Channel 28
)C1 $C1 7$C #nput Channel 18
)C@ $C@ 7$C #nput Channel @8
Table . escription of )ort C
PORT D:
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 3: AVR ATmega8
)ort is an '6bit bi6directional #* port with internal pull6up resistors 7selected for each
bit8. The )ort output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sin" and
source capability. $s inputs, )ort pins that are externally pulled low will source current if
the pull6up resistors are activated. The )ort pins are tri6stated when a reset condition
becomes active, even if the cloc" is not running. epending on the cloc" selection fuse
settings
The )ort pins with alternate functions are shown in TableE
PORT PIN FUNCTIONS
)? $#-1 7$nalog Comparator -egative #nput8
): $#-@ 7$nalog Comparator )ositive #nput8
)9 T1 7TimerCounter 1 (xternal Counter #nput8
) ACN 7>4$&T (xternal Cloc" #nputoutput8
T@ 7TimerCounter @ (xternal Counter #nput8
) #-T1 7(xternal #nterrupt 1 #nput8
)2 #-T@ 7(xternal #nterrupt @ #nput8
)1 TA 7>4$&T *utput )in8
)@ &A 7>4$&T #nput )in8
Table . escription of )ort
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 4: PCB DESIGNING
Chapter 5
PCB DESININ
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 4: PCB DESIGNING
5.1 I'tr$
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CHAPTER 4: PCB DESIGNING
hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as
ferric chloride.
5.5 Dr"(("'+:
!oles through a )C are typically drilled with small6diameter drill bits made of solid
coated tungsten carbide. Coated tungsten carbide is recommended since many board
materials are very abrasive and drilling must be high &)+ and high feed to be cost effective.
rill bits must also remain sharp so as not to mar or tear the traces. rilling with high6speed6
steel is simply not feasible since the drill bits will dull /uic"ly and thus tear the copper and
ruin the boards.
5.) Ea+(e S$%t=are:
#t is one of the software used for designing any circuit which is to be printed and traced
on )C.
ig .1 (agle layout
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_carbidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_carbide
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR RESULT
RESULT
2( ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR RESULT
$s we shift the gear in a bi"e, hall sensors senses that shift and gives the result on 1:
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR CONCLUSION
#n the early parts of this project, our vague goals led to a broad scope of ideas, and a
lac" of structure. Choosing areas of focus and completing research of prior "nowledge in this
area helped us to narrow our design and choose an approach that is feasible.
+any aspects of this project involved learning how particular processes wor",
including the )C layout. *ur final design utili;ed many different aspects of the field of
electronics engineering and design.
The )C design made our prototype much more secure and aesthetic. The set design
goals were completed, though there is much that can be improved upon.
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BIKE GEAR INDICATOR REFERENCES
REFERENCES:
1. httpEwww.circuitstoday.comavr6atmega'6microcontroller6an6introduction
2. httpEwww.atmel.comimagesatmel62':6'6bit6avr6microcontroller6
atmega'QlQdatasheet.pdf
. httpEen.wi"ipedia.orgwi"i+icrocontroller
. httpEwww.electronics6lab.comprojectsautomotive@@:index.html