Automotive Industry in India - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

5/6/2014 Automotive industry in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India 1/31

Chennai is home to around 35-40% of

India's total automobile industry and

for this reason it is known as the

Detroit of Asia. It is on the way to

becoming the world's largest Auto

hub by 2016 with a capacity of over

3 million cars annually

Mahindra Scorpio, one of India's best

selling indigenously developed SUV

Automotive industry in IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The automotive industry in India is one of the larger markets in theworld. It had previously been one of the fastest growing markets globally,

but is currently experiencing flat or negative growth rates.[1][2] India'spassenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixthlargest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.9 million

units in 2011.[3] According to recent reports, India overtook Brazil andbecame the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world (beatingsuch old and new auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy,Canada, Mexico, Russia, Spain, France, Brazil), grew 16 to 18 percent

to sell around three million units in the course of 2011 and 2012.[4] In2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars,

behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.[5] In 2010, India beatThailand to become Asia's third largest exporter of passenger cars.

As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (anincrease of 33.9%), making the country the second (after China) fastest

growing automobile market in the world in that year.[6][7] According tothe Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales areprojected to increase to 4 million by 2015, no longer 5 million as

previously projected.[1]

The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based around threeclusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster consisting ofChennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue share. The western hubnear Mumbai and Pune contributes to 33% of the market and the northern cluster around the National Capital

Region contributes 32%.[8] Chennai, houses the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan,BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, Mini, and Datsun. Chennai accounts for 60% of the country's

automotive exports.[9] Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the country's largest car

manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based.[10] The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster withcompanies like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz,

Land Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat and Force Motors[11][12] having assembly plants in the area. Nashik has a majorbase of Mahindra and Mahindra with a SUV assembly unit and an Engine assembly unit. Aurangabad with Audi,Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujaratwith manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand.

Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat.[13] Kolkata with HindustanMotors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive manufacturing regions

around the country.[14][15][16]

In 2011, there were 3,695 factories producing automotive parts in all of India.[17] The average firm made US$6million in annual revenue with profits close to US$400 thousand.



Contents

1 History

1.1 Liberalisation

2 Emission norms

3 Manufacturing facilities

3.1 West Bengal

3.2 Gujarat

3.3 Haryana

3.4 Himachal Pradesh

3.5 Jharkhand

3.6 Karnataka

3.7 Kerala

3.8 Commercial vehicles

3.9 Madhya Pradesh

3.10 Maharashtra

3.11 Punjab

3.12 Rajasthan

3.13 Tamil Nadu

3.14 Uttar Pradesh

3.15 Uttarakhand

4 Exports

4.1 Top 20 export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous year

5 Passenger vehicles in India

5.1 Indian automotive companies

5.1.1 Defunct Indian automotive companies

5.2 Foreign automotive companies in India

5.2.1 Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India

5.2.2 Vehicles brought into India as CBUs

6 Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India

6.1 Indian brands

6.2 Joint-venture (JV) brands

6.3 Foreign-owned brands

7 Electric car manufacturers in India

8 Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry



The Hindustan Ambassador

dominated India's automotive market

from the 1960s until the mid-80s

9 Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India

10 Gallery of automobile plants in India

11 See also

12 Works cited

13 References

14 External links

History

The first car ran on India's roads in 1897. Until the 1930s, cars were imported directly, but in very small numbers.

An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Hindustan was launched in 1942, long time

competitor Premier in 1944. They built GM and Fiat products respectively.[18] Mahindra & Mahindra wasestablished by two brothers in 1945, and began assembly of Jeep CJ-3A utility vehicles. Following theindependence, in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotivecomponent manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. In 1953 an import substitution programme

was launched, and the import of fully built-up cars began to be impeded.[18]

However, the growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due tonationalisation and the license raj which hampered the Indian privatesector. Total restrictions for import of vehicles were set and after 1970the automotive industry started to grow, but the growth was mainlydriven by tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still amajor luxury item. In the 1970s price controls were finally lifted, inserting

a competitive element into the automobile market.[19] By the 1980s, theautomobile market was still dominated by Hindustan and Premier, who

sold superannuated products in fairly limited numbers.[20] During theeighties, a few competitors began to arrive on the scene.

To promote the auto industry the government started the Delhi AutoExpo which was had its debut showcasing in 1986. The Auto Expo of1986 was a window for technology transfers showing how the IndianAutomotive Industry was absorbing new technologies and promoting indigenous research and development foradapting these technologies for the rugged Indian conditions. The 9 day show was marked by then PrimeMinister Rajiv Gandhi.

Liberalisation

Eventually multinational automakers, such as, though not limited to, Suzuki and Toyota of Japan and Hyundai ofSouth Korea, were allowed to invest in the Indian market ultimately leading to the establishment of an automotiveindustry in India. Maruti Suzuki was the first, and the most successful of these new entries, and in part the result of

government policies to promote the automotive industry beginning in the 1980s.[20] As India began to liberalise theirautomobile market in 1991, a number of foreign firms also initiated joint ventures with existing Indian companies.



The Premier Padmini was the

Ambassador's only true competitor

The variety of options available to the consumer began to multiply in the nineties, whereas before there had usuallyonly been one option in each price class. By 2000, there were 12 large automotive companies in the Indian market,

most of them offshoots of global companies.[21]

Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles to tertiarymarkets and neighbouring countries began early, and in 1987 MarutiSuzuki shipped 480 cars to Europe (Hungary). After some growth in themid-nineties, exports once again began to drop as the outmodedplatforms handed down to Indian manufacturers by multinationals were

not competitive.[22] This was not to last, and today India manufactureslow-priced cars for markets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013global brands such as Proton Holdings, PSA Group, Kia, Mazda,Chrysler, Dodge and Geely Holding Group are shelving plans for India

due to the global economic crisis.[23]

Emission norms

See also: Bharat Stage emission standards

In tune with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled the standardstitled 'India 2000' in 2000 with later upgraded guidelines as 'Bharat Stage'. These standards are quite similar to themore stringent European standards and have been traditionally implemented in a phased manner, with the latestupgrade getting implemented in 13 cities and later, in the rest of the nation. Delhi(NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata,Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Solapur, and Agra are the 13 citieswhere Bharat Stage IV has been imposed while the rest of the nation is still under Bharat Stage III.

Manufacturing facilities

West Bengal

Passenger vehicles

Hindustan Motors Limited - Kolkata

Gujarat

Passenger vehicles

General Motors India Private Limited

Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited Halol[24]

Tata Motors Sanand[25]

Commercial vehicles



Asia Motor Works AMW Bhuj[26]

Haryana

Two wheelers

Hero MotoCorp Dharuhera, Gurgaon[27]

India Yamaha Motor Faridabad[28]

Honda Manesar[29]

Suzuki Gurgaon[30]

Passenger vehicles

Maruti Suzuki Gurgaon, Manesar[31]

Himachal Pradesh

Two wheelers

TVS Motors Nalagarh[32]

Passenger vehicles

ICML Motors Amb[33]

Commercial vehicles

TAFE Tractors Parwanoo[34]

Jharkhand

Commercial vehicles

Tata Motors Jamshedpur[25]

Karnataka

Two wheelers

TVS Motor Mysore[32]

Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. - Narsapura



Passenger vehicles

Mahindra REVA Electric Vehicles Bangalore[35]

Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited Bidadi[36]

Commercial vehicles

Bharat Earth Movers - Bangalore

Scania Commercial Vehicles India Private Limited Bangalore[37]

TAFE Tractors Doddaballapur[34]

Tata Motors Dharwad[25]

Volvo Buses India Private Limited Hoskote[38]

Bharat Earth Movers - Mysore

Kerala

Commercial vehicles

Bharat Earth Movers Defense Products - produces Tatra Trucks 12x12, 10x10,8x8, 6x6, 4x4 & Variants

Kerala Automobiles Limited

Madhya Pradesh

Two wheelers

Mahindra & Mahindra Pithampur[39]

Commercial vehicles

Eicher Motors Pithampur[40]

Hindustan Motors Pithampur[41]

Force Motors Private Limited Pithampur[42]

TAFE Tractors Mandideep[34]

Maharashtra

Two wheelers

Bajaj Auto Waluj Aurangabad, Chakan[43]



KTM Sportmotorcycles Chakan[44]

Vespa Scooters Baramati Pune[45]

Kinetic Engineering Ahmednagar, Pune[46]

Passenger vehicles

Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division Nashik, Chakan[47][48]

Ssangyong Motor Company Chakan[49]

Tata Motors Limited

Tata Motors Pimpri Chinchwad[50]

Jaguar Cars and Land Rover Pune[51]

Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars Chakan[52]

Fiat Automobiles Ranjangaon Pune[53]

General Motors Pune[54]

Volkswagen Group Sales India Private Limited

Volkswagen Chakan[55]

Audi AG Aurangabad[56]

koda Auto Aurangabad[57]

Chinkara Motors Karlekhind Alibag[58]

Premier Automobiles Limited Pimpri Chinchwad[59]

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Bhandara[60]

Bajaj Auto Waluj Aurangabad[43]

Force Motors Pune[61]

Mahindra Navistar Chakan[62]

MAN Trucks India Akurdi Pune[63]

Mercedes-Benz Buses India Chakan[64]

Piaggio Vehicles Baramati Pune[65]

Premier Automobiles Limited Pimpri Chinchwad[59]

Punjab



Commercial vehicles

SML Isuzu Limited Nawanshahar[66] (originally a Swaraj Mazda plant)

Rajasthan

Passenger vehicles

Honda Cars India Ltd. Tapukara[67]

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Alwar[60]

TAFE Tractors Alwar[34]

Tamil Nadu

Two wheelers

TVS Motor Hosur[32]

Royal Enfield Chennai[68]

Passenger vehicles

BMW India Chennai[69][70]

Ford India Private Limited Maraimalai Nagar[71]

Hyundai Motor India Limited Sriperumbudur[72]

Mitsubishi Tiruvallur[41]

Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited

Nissan Motor India Private Limited Oragadam[73]

Renault India Private Limited Oragadam[74]

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Ennore, Hosur[60]

BharatBenz Oragadam[75]

Kamaz Vectra Motors Hosur[76]

SAME Deutz-Fahr Tractors Ranipet, Vellore[77]



Mahindra Scorpio Jeep in service

with Italy's CNSAS.

TAFE Tractors Chennai[34]

TVS Motors Hosur[32]

Uttar Pradesh

Commercial vehicles

Tata Motors Lucknow

Two wheelers

India Yamaha Motor Greater Noida[78]

Passenger vehicles

Honda Cars India Ltd. Greater Noida[79]

Uttarakhand

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Pantnagar

Tata Motors Pantnagar

Exports

India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5billion in 2009, with United Kingdom being India's largest export market

followed by Italy, Germany, Netherlands and South Africa.[80] India's

automobile exports are expected to cross $12 billion by 2014.[81]

According to New York Times, India's strong engineering base andexpertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resultedin the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobilecompanies like Hyundai, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Maruti

Suzuki.[82]

In 2008, South Korean multinational Hyundai Motors alone exported240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000

vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011.[83] Similarly, US automobile company, General Motors

announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.[84]



A Tata Safari on display in Poznan,

Poland.

The Maruti Ertiga, a model exported

by Maruti Suzuki India.

In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000

cars for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian market and for export.[85] The company

said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business.[86] Fiat Motors

also announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from India.[87]

In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citronwas planning to re-enter the Indian market and open a production plantin Andhra Pradesh with an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing

EUR 700M in the operation.[88] PSA's intention to utilise this productionfacility for export purposes however remains unclear as of December2010. In 2009 India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourthlargest exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) andThailand (0.26m) by allowing foreign carmakers 100% ownership of

factories in India, which China does not allow.[5]

In recent years, India hasemerged as a leading center forthe manufacture of small cars.

Hyundai, the biggest exporter from the country, now ships more than250,000 cars annually from India. Apart from Maruti Exports' shipmentsto Suzuki's other markets, Maruti Suzuki also manufactures small cars forNissan, which sells them in Europe. Nissan will also export small carsfrom its new Indian assembly line. Tata Motors exports its passengervehicles to Asian and African markets, and is in preparation to launchelectric vehicles in Europe in 2010. The firm is also planning to launch anelectric version of its low-cost car the Tata Nano in Europe and in theU.S. Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce its pickup trucksand small SUV models in the U.S. market. Bajaj Auto is designing alow-cost car for Renault Nissan Automotive India, which will market the product worldwide. Renault Nissan may

also join domestic commercial vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project.[89] While thepossibilities are impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth of the Indian automobile industry.Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising

personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy weakens.[89]

Top 20 export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous year



Maruti Suzuki is the largest Indian

passenger vehicle manufacturer in the

local market[90]

Rank Country2007-2008 (in USD

Millions)

2008-2009 (in USD

Millions)

Percentage

Growth

1United States of

America593.64 525.24 -11.52

2 Italy 332.35 359.68 8.22

3 Sri Lanka 249.14 216.11 -13.26

4 South Africa 224.93 188.57 -15.79

5 United Kingdom 165.57 246.32 48.77

6 United Arab Emirates 164.44 192.74 17.21

7 Algeria 147.34 265.63 80.28

8 Bangladesh 137.26 164.86 20.11

9 Egypt 134.43 143.54 5.99

10 Germany 133.52 409.63 206.8

11 Colombia 118.88 120.71 1.54

12 Nepal 111.33 98.13 -11.86

13 Mexico 93.80 94.10 0.32

14 Turkey 83.53 73.82 -11.63

15 Spain 81.01 56.96 -29.69

16 France 76.77 134.21 74.83

17 Nigeria 66.01 148.74 125.03

18 Greece 65.75 127.63 94.1

19 Netherland 65.19 163.66 151.05

20 Ghana 59.91 38.30 -36.07

Passenger vehicles in India

This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India. While

other cars can be imported to the country at a steep 105%[91] import

duty, car-makers such as Alfa Romeo,[92] McLaren,[93] Pagani,[94]

Cadillac,[95] Chrysler,[96] SSC,[97] Lincoln,[98] Zenvo,[99] SEAT,[100]

Smart,[101] Daihatsu,[102] Lexus,[103] Infiniti,[104] Acura,[105] Saab,[106]

Spyker,[107] Lotus,[108] Ariel,[109] Caterham,[110] Peugeot-Citron,[111]

Mazda,[112] Jeep,[113] Kia,[114] GAZ,[115] and Proton[116] in variousstages of official introduction into the Indian automobile industry.

Indian automotive companies



Maruti Swift in India. Maruti Suzuki

is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor

Corporation of Japan

Mahindra XUV500, one of India's

best selling indigenously developed

SUV

Chinkara Motors:[117] Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S,

Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster

Force Motors: One (earlier known as Tempo)

Hindustan Motors:[118] Ambassador

ICML (http://www.icml.co.in):[119] Rhino Rx

Mahindra:[120] Major, Bolero, Scorpio, Thar, Xylo, Quanto,

Verito, Verito Vibe, Genio, XUV500.

Premier Automobiles Limited:[121] Sigma, RiO

San Motors:[122] Storm

Maruti Suzuki (subsidiary of Japanese auto maker

Suzuki)[123][124] 800, Alto, Alto800, WagonR, Estilo, A-star,

Ritz, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy, Ertiga

Tata Motors:[125] Nano, Indica, Vista, Indigo, Manza, Indigo CS,

Sumo, Grande, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Aria

Defunct Indian automotive companies

Sipani Automobiles

Standard Motor Products of India

Foreign automotive companies in India

Hyundai, Suzuki, BMW, Audi, Mercedes Benz, Ford, Fiat, Honda, Chevrolet(of General Motors), Toyota,Lamborghini, Jaguar, Eicher, TAFE, are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture and market theirproducts in India

Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India

BMW India:[126] 1 Series, 3 Series, 3 Series GT, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3.

Audi India: A3, A4, A6, Q3, Q5, Q7.

Fiat India. Grande Punto, Linea.



Manufactured only in Chennai, India,

the i10 is one of Hyundai's best selling

globally exported cars.

Ford India:[127] Figo, Fiesta Classic, Fiesta, Ecosport, Endeavour.

General Motors India(Chevrolet):[128] Spark, Beat, Aveo U-VA, Sail, Aveo, Optra, Cruze, Tavera.

Honda Cars India Limited:[129] Brio, Jazz, Amaze, City, Civic,

CR-V, Accord.

Hyundai Motor India:[130] Eon, Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna,

Elantra, Sonata.

Isuzu:[131][132] MU-7, V-Cross.

Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[133] Jaguar XF.

Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[134] Freelander.

Mercedes-Benz India:[135] C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, GL-Class, S-Class.

MINI:[136] Countryman.

Mitsubishi[137] (in collaboration with Hindustan Motors):[138] Lancer, Lancer Cedia, Pajero.

Nissan Motor India:[139] Micra, Sunny, Evalia, Dacia Duster.

Datsun: Datsun Go

Renault India:[140][141][142] Pulse, Duster, Scala, Fluence, Koleos.

koda Auto India:[143][144] Fabia, Rapid, Laura, Yeti, Superb.

Toyota Kirloskar:[145] Etios Liva, Etios, Corolla Altis, Innova, Fortuner, Camry.

Volkswagen India:[146][147] Polo, CrossPolo, Vento, Jetta, Passat

Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2013, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle

owners.

Vehicles brought into India as CBUs



Suzuki Kizashi. Kizashis are sold by

Maruti in the Indian market

Aston Martin:[148] Vantage, Vanquish, Rapide, Virage, DB9,

DBS, One-77.

Audi:[149] A5, A7, A8, S4, S6, S8, TT, RS 4, RS 6, RS5, R8.

Bentley:[150][151] Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, Continental GT,

Continental Flying Spur, Mulsanne.

BMW:[152] 5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X5, X6, X6 M, M3,

M5, M6 and Z4.

Bugatti:[153][154] Veyron.

Chevrolet: Captiva.

Ferrari:[155][156] California, 458 Italia, 599 GTB Fiorano, FF.

Fiat:[157] 500, Bravo.

General Motors:[128] Hummer H2, Hummer H3.

Gumpert:[158] Apollo.

Honda:[159][160] Civic Hybrid.

Hyundai:[130] Santa Fe.

Isuzu Motors India Pvt Ltd: MU7 & D Max

Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[161] XJ, XK, F-Type.

Koenigsegg:[162][163] CCX, CCXR, Agera.

Lamborghini:[164] Gallardo, Aventador.

Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[165] Discovery 4, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Sport,

Range Rover.

Maserati:[166] Quattroporte, GranTurismo, GranCabrio.

Mercedes-Benz:[167] A-Class, B-Class, CL-Class, GL-Class, R-Class, CLS-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class,

Viano, G-Class, SLS.

MINI:[136] Cooper, Cooper S, Convertible.

Mitsubishi: Montero, Outlander, Evo X.

Nissan:[168] Teana, X-Trail, 370Z, GT-R.

Porsche:[169][170] 997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera GT.

Rolls Royce:[171] Ghost, Wraith, Phantom, Phantom Coup, Phantom Drophead Coup.

SsangYong (subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra):[172] Rexton.

Suzuki (sold through Maruti Suzuki): Grand Vitara, Kizashi.

Toyota:[145] Prius, Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado.



Volkswagen:[173] Beetle, Touareg, Phaeton.

Volvo:[174] V40, S60, S80, XC60, XC90.

Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India

Indian brands

AMW[175]

Eicher Motors[176]

Force[177]

Hindustan Motors[178]

Mahindra & Mahindra

Premier[121]

Tata Motors[179]

Joint-venture (JV) brands

Ashok Leyland[180] - originally a JV between Ashok Motors (owned by the Hinduja Group) and Leyland

Motors, now joint ventures between Ashok Leyland and Nissan Motors (Japan) for LCV's; and John Deere

(USA) for construction equipment.[181]

KaMAZ Vectra[182] - A JV between Russia's KaMAZ and the Vectra Group

MAN Force - A JV between Force Motors and MAN AG (Germany)

SML Isuzu - originally, as Swaraj Mazda, a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now 53.5% owned

by Sumitomo Group and with its current name since 2011.[183]

Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd - (defunct) Initial truck partnership with India by Vectra. Replaced by Kamaz.

Tatra trucks for sale in India are manufactured in collaboration with Bharat Earth Movers Limited.

VE Commercial Vehicles Limited[184] - VE Commercial Vehicles limited - A JV between Volvo Group &

Eicher Motors Limited.

Foreign-owned brands

J. C. Bamford (JCB) (Owned by British multinational corporation J. C. Bamford).

BharatBenz (Owned by Daimler AG of Germany and affiliated with Daimler's Fuso and Mercedes-Benz

brands)[185]

Caterpillar Inc.[186]



DAF[187]

Hino[188]

Isuzu[189]

Iveco[190]

MAN[191]

Mercedes-Benz[192] - manufactures luxury coaches in India.

Piaggio[193]

Rosenbauer[194]

Scania[195]

Tatra[196]

Volvo[197]

Electric car manufacturers in India

Ajanta Group[198]

Hero Electric[199]

Mahindra[200]

REVA now Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles

Tara International[201]

Tata Motors[202]

Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry

During April 2012 Indian Government has planned to unveil the roadmap for the development of the domestic

electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country.[203] A discussion between the various stakeholders including

Government, industry and the academia is expected to take place during 2324 February.[203] The final contours ofthe policy will be formed after this set of discussions. Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport andPower are involved in developing a broad framework for the sector. Along with these ministries big auto industrynames such as Mr Anand Mahindra (Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra & Mahindra) and Mr

Vikram Kirloskar (Vice-Chairman, Toyota Kirloskar) are also involved in this task.[203] The Government has alsoproposed to set up a Rs 740 crore research and development fund for the sector in the 12th five year plan during

2012-17.[203] The idea is to reduce the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and electricmotor and develop such capabilities locally.

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India



Automobile Products of India or API - founded in 1949 at Bombay (now Mumbai), by the British company

Rootes Group,[204] and later bought over by M. A. Chidambaram of the MAC Group from Madras (now

Chennai).[204] The company manufactured Lambretta scooters, API Three Wheelers under licence from

Innocenti of Italy and Automobile ancillaries, notably Clutch and Braking systems. API's registered offices

were earlier in Mumbai, later shifted to Chennai, in Tamil Nadu. The manufacturing facilities were located in

Mumbai and Aurangabad in Maharashtra and in Ambattur, Chennai.[205] The company has not been

operational since 2002.

Escorts Yamaha - in 1984 Escorts formed a joint venture with Yamaha to manufacture motorcycles. In 2008

became India Yamaha Motor.

Hero Motors is a former moped and scooter manufacturer based in Delhi, India. It is a part of multinational

company Hero Group, which also currently owns Hero Motocorp (formerly Hero Honda) and Hero Cycles,

among others. Hero Motors was started in the 1960s to manufacture 50 cc two-stroke mopeds but

gradually diversified into making larger mopeds, mokicks and scooters in the 1980s and the 1990s.

Noteworthy collaborators and technical partners were Puch of Austria and Malaguti of Italy. Due to

tightening emission regulations and poor sales, Hero motors have discontinued the manufacture of all gasoline

powered vehicles and transformed itself into an electric two-wheeler and auto parts manufacturer.

Ideal Jawa - motorcycle company based in Mysore, sold licensed Jawa and Z motorcycles beginning in

1960 under the brand name Jawa and later Yezdi.

Kinetic Honda - a joint venture between Kinetic Engineering Limited, India and Honda Motor Company,

Japan. The JV operated during 1984 - 1998, manufacturing 2-stroke scooters in India. In 1998, the joint

venture was terminated after which Kinetic Engineering continued to sell the models under the brand name

Kinetic until 2008[206] when the interests were sold to Mahindra.

Mopeds India Limited - produces the Suvega range of Mopeds under technical collaboration with

Motobcane of France.

Standard - produced by Standard Motor Products in Madras from 1949 to 1988. Indian Standards were

variations of vehicles made in the U.K. by Standard-Triumph. Standard Motor Products of India Ltd.

(SMPI) was incorporated in 1948,[207] and their first product was the Vanguard, which began to be

assembled in 1949. The company was dissolved in 2006 and the old plant torn down.

Gallery of automobile plants in India

See also

Automotive Industry Standards, the automotive regulations of India

List of vehicle plants in India



Automobile industry

List of countries by motor vehicle production

List of countries by vehicles per capita

Lists of automobiles

List of cars

List of Asian cars

List of automobile manufacturers of China

List of Japanese cars

List of truck manufacturers

List of motorcycle manufacturers (Category)

List of scooters - List of scooter manufacturers

Works cited

Gupta, Sadanand (2012), Automobile Industry in India: A Cluster Approach, Ruby Press & Co.

(http://www.rubypressco.in), ISBN 978-81-922182-6-7

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External links

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Industry". Economic and Political Weekly (Mumbai, India: Sameeksha Trust) 28 (8/9): M22.

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