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Autonomic Nervous system. Diego Gomez Marie Romero Raul Alvarado. Overview of nervous system. CNS VS. PNS. Central Nervous System. Brain Integrates sensory info Spinal cord Controls reflexes PNS to brain Neurons Carries impulses Microglia Support neural tissue. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Autonomic Nervous SystemPeriod 5Jacquelene Hanein, Karina Guerrero, Martha Kwon
● Processing center of nervous system
● Receives and sends info to PNS
● Made up of brain and spinal cord
● Cannot heal itself
Central Nervous System
● Connects CNS to organs in body
● Carries signals from the CNS
● Made up of two different types of cells (sensory/motor nervous cells)
● Can heal itself
Peripheral Nervous System
● Brain: control system of bodyo Forebrain:
Thalamus + hypothalamus
Cerebrum Cerebral Cortex
Central Nervous SystemLobes and Hemispheres
o Midbraino Hindbrain
Pons: connects cerebral cortex to medulla oblongata
o Cerebellum: motor movement coordination, balance/equilibrium, muscle tone
o Medulla Oblongata: controls autonomic functions like breathing, digestion, circulatory system function, swallowing, sneezing
Central NS Cont.
5 parts of the brain
● Brainstem: connects cerebrum with spinal cordo relay of motor/sensory
signals between brain and spinal cord
o Controls life supporting autonomic functions of PNS
● Spinal Cord
Central NS Cont.
The motor nervous system can be separated into two nervous systems●Autonomic nervous system
o Parasympathetic divisiono Sympathetic Division
●Somatic nervous system o Cranial Nerves: connect the
upper body and heado Spinal Nerves: connect the rest
of the body
Peripheral Nervous System
neural pathway that controls an action reflex
●Reflex action occurs:○ involuntary, almost instantaneous○ sensory neurons synapse at the spinal cord
●Nerve impulses enter sensory neuron●Impulse allows afferent neurons to connect with motor neurons
○ to reach effectors and initiate reflex
Reflex Arc
affects internal organs ex) peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle of intestines
Reflex Arc: Autonomic arc
Reflex Arc: Somatic Arc affects muscles
ex) knee jerk tests that a doctor gives
In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways:Preganglionic neuron has to synapse into the postganglionic neuron before stimulating the
organ.
●Preganglionic neuron= ACho Sympathetic preganglionic neurons= shorter with more synapses than parasympathetic
●Postganglionic neurons= norepinephrine ●Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons= ACh
Reflex Arc
● CNS + PNS = ANS● Parasympathetic neurons: sacral region in spinal cord + medulla
oblongata, pons, brainstem, midbrain● Sympathetic neurons: body of spinal cord
Organization of ANS
Neurotransmitters
Preganglionic Neurons●Both cholinergicPostganglionic Neurons●Cholinergic vs Adrenergic***some sympathetic neurons can be cholinergic (i.e. sweat glands, skin)
Receptors
If Cholinergic…●muscarinic receptors●nicotinic receptors
If Adrenergic…●alpha receptor●beta receptor
Termination of Neurotransmitters
● ACh broken down by AChE ● Norepinephrine deactivated by monoamine oxidase
Regulation of ANS
● Control centers in medulla oblongata o cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory
● Hypothalamuso regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, ion balance
● Limbic System & Cerebral Cortexo emotional stress
● Klabunde, Richard E. "Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in Blood Vessels." CV Physiology:. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
● Klabunde, Richard E. "Autonomic Ganglia." CV Pharmacology. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 27 Jan. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
● Shier, David, Jackie Butler, and Ricki Lewis. "The Nervous System." Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology. Eleventh Edition ed. New York: McGrawHill Higher Education, 2007. Print.
● Upchurch, Jim. "Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System." Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System. EMS1, 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
● "What Are Neurotransmitters?" What Are Neurotransmitters? Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp>.
● "Cerebral Cortex." MedicineNet. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11490>.
Bibliography