CLASSIFICATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) • includes the brain and spinal cord • integrative and control center 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • includes the cranial and peripheral nerves • communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body • divided into 2: afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) EFFERENT (MOTOR) DIVISION A. Somatic nervous system • voluntary • conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles B. Autonomic nervous system • involuntary • composed of nerves, ganglia, plexuses • innervates smooth muscles of viscera, cardiac muscles, blood vessels and exocrine glands • only needs very low frequency of stimulation for full activation • Functions: 1. Maintain homeostasis 2. Regulates daily requirements and needs of the body without conscious control C. Enteric NS • composed of neurons located in the walls of the GIT • consists of the myenteric plexus (Auerbach) and submucosal plexus (Meissner) • includes inputs from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system ANATOMIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Sympathetic 2. Parasympathetic Rest and Digest Action is discrete and localized Not a functional entity and never discharges as a complete system Flight or Fight Action is diffuse and widespread Functions as a unit and often discharges as a complete unit (“mass discharge”) Function Acetylcholine Muscarinic Norepinephrine/ ACh Alpha, Beta/ Muscarinic Postganglionic Neurotransmitter Receptor Acetylcholine Nicotinic Acetylcholine Nicotinic Preganglionic Neurotransmitter Receptor Short Long Postganglionic fibers Long Short Preganglionic fibers Organs innervated Paravertebral chains Prevertebral ganglia Location of Ganglia Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10 Sacral nerves 2,3,4 Thoracic (T1-T12) Lumbar (L1-L5) Spinal roots of Origin (Outflow) Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Autonomic Nervous System Handout

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Page 1: Autonomic Nervous System Handout

CLASSIFICATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Central Nervous System (CNS)• includes the brain and spinal cord• integrative and control center

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)• includes the cranial and peripheral nerves• communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body• divided into 2: afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

EFFERENT (MOTOR) DIVISIONA. Somatic nervous system

• voluntary• conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

B. Autonomic nervous system• involuntary• composed of nerves, ganglia, plexuses• innervates smooth muscles of viscera, cardiac muscles, blood vessels and exocrine glands• only needs very low frequency of stimulation for full activation• Functions:

1. Maintain homeostasis2. Regulates daily requirements and needs of the body without conscious control

C. Enteric NS• composed of neurons located in the walls of the GIT• consists of the myenteric plexus (Auerbach) and submucosal plexus (Meissner)• includes inputs from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

ANATOMIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Sympathetic2. Parasympathetic

Rest and DigestAction is discrete and localizedNot a functional entity and never discharges as a complete systemEssential to life

Flight or FightAction is diffuse and widespreadFunctions as a unit and often discharges as a complete unit (“mass discharge”)Not essential to life

Function

AcetylcholineMuscarinic

Norepinephrine/ AChAlpha, Beta/ Muscarinic

Postganglionic Neurotransmitter Receptor

AcetylcholineNicotinic

Preganglionic Neurotransmitter Receptor

ShortLongPostganglionic fibers

LongShortPreganglionic fibers

Organs innervatedParavertebral chainsPrevertebral ganglia