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AvaywbK av‡bi Pvl
mß`k ms¯‥iY GwcÖj 2013
m¤úv`bvq
W. †gv. mvB`yj Bmjvg
W. †gv. kg‡mi Avjx
W. Rxeb K…ò wek¦vm
Gg G Kv‡mg
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (weª)
MvRxcyi 1701
cÖKvkbv bs : 5
mß`k ms¯‥iY : 12,000 Kwc
GwcÖj 2013
cÖKvkK
gnvcwiPvjK
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
MvRxcyi 1701
†dvb : 88-02-9257401-5, d¨v· : 88-02-9261110
B-†gBj : [email protected], [email protected]
I‡qemvBU : www.brri.gov.bd, www.knowledgebank-brri.org
A_©vq‡b
7500 Kwc : Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project (IAPP), BRRI, Gazipur
4500 Kwc :weª ivR¯^ ev‡RU
MÖvwdK wWRvBb, †cR †gK-Avc I cÖæd wiwWs
†gv. QvBdzj gv‡jK gRyg`vi
cÖ”Q‡`i Qwe
cÖ‡mbwRr nxiv
¯^Z¡
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
mvB‡Ukb
weAviAviAvB 2013, AvaywbK av‡bi Pvl, mß`k ms¯‥iY
BRRI 2013, Modern Rice Cultivation, 17th Edition
†hvMv‡hvM
cÖKvkbv I Rbms‡hvM wefvM
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (weª), MvRxcyi 1701
†dvb : 9257518, wcGweG· : 9257401-5, 9257501-5, G·‡Ubkb : 526
gy`ªY : Gg Avi AvB wcÖw›Us †cÖm, 46/1, ¯^vgxevM, XvKv
m~wPcÎ
5 f~wgKv
6 Ddkx I AvaywbK avb
6 weª av‡bi cwiwPwZ I •ewkó¨
17 avb Pv‡li DbœZ c×wZ
23 mvi e¨e¯’vcbv
34 †fRvj mvi †Pbvi Dcvq
37 AvMvQv `gb
41 †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv
43 avb Pv‡l Wªvg wmWvi
45 AwbóKvix †cvKv I †giæ`Ûx cÖvYx e¨e ’vcbv
57 av‡bi †ivM e¨e¯’vcbv
63 GK bR‡i av‡bi †ivM kbv³KiY c×wZ
65 dmj KvUv, gvovB I msi¶Y
66 av‡bi djb e¨eavb
68 weª nvBweªW av‡bi Pvlvev` c×wZ
70 nvIo GjvKvq AvKw¯§K eb¨v †gvKvwejv
70 Zxeª kx‡Z †ev‡iv dm‡ji Riæwi cwiPh©v
72 †ev‡iv av‡b AwZwi³ wPUv nIqvi KviY
73 avb Avev‡`i hš¿cvwZ
78 weª Aby‡gvw`Z K…wl hš¿cvwZ cÖ¯‘ZKviK‡`i wVKvbv
78 K…wlhš¿ Avg`vwbKviK cÖwZôv‡bi wVKvbv
79 cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvc
f~wgKv
avb Avgv‡`i cÖavb Lv`¨ km¨| ZvB Gi mv‡_ †`‡ki A_©bxwZ I ms¯‥…wZ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e
RwoZ| Nb emwZc~Y© G †`‡ki RbmsL¨v µ‡gB †e‡o Pj‡Q, Aciw`‡K evwoNi, Kj-
KviLvbv, nvU-evRvi, moK-Rbc_ ’vcb Ges b`x fv½b BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y Avevw` Rwgi
cwigvY cÖwZwbqZ Kg‡Q| Z ycwi i‡q‡Q Liv, eb¨v, †Rvqvi-fvUv, jeYv³Zv, •kZ¨
cÖevn I wkjve„wói g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM| Gme cÖwZK~jZv †gvKvwejv K‡i wbw`©ó cwigvY
Rwg‡Z †ewk avb Drcv`b K‡i †`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv Avgv‡`i j¶¨|
evsjv‡`k c„w_exi avb Drcv`bKvix †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ PZz_© n‡jI GLvbKvi †n±i
cÖwZ Mo djb 4.2 Ub| Pxb, Rvcvb I †Kvwiqvq G djb †n±I cÖwZ 6-6.5 Ub| †`‡ki
µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ Pvwn`vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L av‡bi djb evov‡bv Qvov †Kvb
weKí †bB| mbvZb Rv‡Zi avb Ges gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji Avev` c×wZi gva¨‡g G Pvwn`v
c~iY Kiv Am¤¢e| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb D‛P djbkxj (Ddkx) avb I AvaywbK Drcv`b
cÖhyw³i e¨vcK cÖPjb|
evsjv‡`‡k 1968 mv‡j AvšÍR©vwZK avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (Bwi) †_‡K cÖ_g
Ddkx Rv‡Zi avb (AvBAvi8) gvV ch©v‡q Pvlvev` ïiæ nq| Lv‡Uv AvK…wZi G Ddkx avb
†_‡K cÖwZ †n±‡i 5-6 Ub (weNvcÖwZ 18-21 gY) djb cvIqv hvq| ZLb †_‡K Ddkx
avb †jvKgy‡L ÔBwi avbÕ bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (weª) 1970 mv‡j cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K †g․myg I
cwi‡ek Dc‡hvMx Ddkx av‡bi RvZ Ges avb Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ dmj, gvwU, cvwb, mvi
BZ¨vw` welqK Kjv-‡K․kj D™¢veb Ki‡Q| eZ©gv‡b weª D™¢vweZ av‡bi RvZ †`‡ki †gvU
avwb Rwgi kZKiv cÖvq 80 fv‡M Pvlvev` Kiv n‡‛Q Ges G †_‡K cvIqv hv‡‛Q †gvU avb
Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 90 fvM| weª avb Gfv‡e Bwi av‡bi ¯’jvwfwl³ n‡q‡Q|
AvaywbK av‡bi Pvl eBwU‡Z weª D™¢vweZ cÖhyw³¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i
wek¦vm eBwU avb Drcv`b c×wZ AvaywbKvq‡b K…lK, m¤cÖmviYKgx© Ges K…wl mswkó
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ‡`i wbf©i‡hvM¨ `wjj wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|
Ddkx I AvaywbK avb
†h avbMv‡Qi mvi MÖnY ¶gZv AwaK Ges djb †ewk Zv‡KB Ddkx avb ejv nq| Ddkx
avb Mv‡Q yÕwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ •ewkó¨ cÖKvk cvq, †hgb MvQ gReyZ Ges cvZv Lvov|
Ddkx av‡bi Av‡iKwU •ewkó¨ n‡jv, avb †c‡K †M‡jI MvQ meyR _v‡K| Aci w`‡K
¯’vbxq mbvZb Rv‡Zi MvQ `ye©j, cvZv †n‡j c‡o, mvi MÖnY ¶gZv Kg Ges avb cvKvi
mv‡_ mv‡_ MvQ ïwK‡q hvq| m½Z Kvi‡YB Gi djb Kg nq|
Ddkx av‡b hLb cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡kl ¸Y, †hgb †ivMevjvB mnbkxjZv, ¯^í RxebKvj,
Liv, jeYv³Zv I RjgMœZv mwnòz BZ¨vw` ms‡hvwRZ nq ZLb Zv‡K AvaywbK avb ejv
nq| ZvB mKj Ddkx avb AvaywbK bq, wKš‘ mKj AvaywbK av‡b Ddkx ¸Y we`¨gvb|
weª av‡bi cwiwPwZ I •ewkó¨
weª‡Z m¼ivqY I Ab¨vb¨ AvaywbK c×wZ Aej¤^‡b av‡bi RvZ D™¢veb Kiv nq| G
RvZ¸‡jvi bvgKi‡Y Ôevsjv‡`k ivBm (weAvi)Õ Ges Gi mv‡_ µwgK b¤^i ms‡hvwRZ
K‡i weAvi1 †_‡K weAvi26 ch©š— bvgKiY Kiv nq| G wbqg 1993 mvj ch©šÍ P‡j
AvmwQj| G QvovI RvZ¸‡jvi GKwU RbwcÖq bvgI ivLv n‡qwQj| Gici RvZxq exR
†ev‡W©i wb‡ ©kbv Abyhvqx weAvi cwieZ©b K‡i Ôweª avbÕ ms‡hvRb K‡i bvgKi‡Yi bZzb
aviv Pvjy nq| weª avb27 †_‡K G wbqg Pvjy i‡q‡Q| weª D™¢vweZ av‡bi eZ©gvb Rv‡Zi
msL¨v 65wU| Gi g‡a¨ 61wU BbweªW Ges 4wU nvBweªW (mviYx 1)| BbweªW (Ddkx) I
nvBweªW av‡bi Ab¨Zg cv_©K¨ n‡jv, BbweªW avb †_‡K dmj KvUvi ci exR ivLv hvq,
wKš‘ nvBweªW avb †_‡K exR ivLv hvq bv|
mviYx 1| weª D™¢vweZ Ddkx av‡bi ZvwjKv I eskMwZ aviv|
av‡bi RvZ †KŠwjK mvwi c¨v‡i‡›UR Aegyw³i eQi
weAvi1 (Pvw›`bv) AvBAvi532-1-176 AvBAvi262-24-3/wU‡KGg6 1970
weAvi2 (gvjv) AvBAvi272-4-1-2 wmwc-GmGjI/wmMvwWm 1971
weAvi3 (wece) weAvi27-10-1 AvBAvi506-1-133/jwZkvBj 1973
weAvi4 (weªkvBj) weAvi51-91-6 AvBAvi20/AvBAvi5-114-3-1 1975
weAvi5 (`yjv‡fvM) weï× mvwi evQvBKiY ev`kvn‡fvM avb 1976
weAvi6 AvBAvi2061-214-3-8-2 AvBAvi833-6-2-1-1/ 1977
AvBAvi1561-149-1//AvBAvi1737
weAvi7 (weª evjvg) AvBAvi2053-87-3-1 AvBAvi1416-131-5/ 1977
AvBAvi22//wm4-63
weAvi8 (Avkv) weAvi167-2we-9 AvBAvi272-4-1-2-†R1/ 1978
AvBAvi305-3-17-1-3
weAvi9 (mydjv) weAvi169-1-1 AvBAvi272-4-1-2-†R1/AvBAvi8 1978
weAvi10 (cÖMwZ) weAvi51-46-5-GBPAvi65 AvBAvi20/AvBAvi5-114-3-1 1980
weAvi11 (gy³v) weAvi52-87-1-GBPAvi88 AvBAvi20/AvBAvi5-47-2 1980
weAvi12 (gqbv) weAvi161-2we-58 weAvi1/AvBAvi425-1-1-3-8-3 1983
weAvi14 (MvRx) weAvi319-1-GBPAvi28 AvBAvi5 (wW)/weAvi3 1983
weAvi15 (†gvwnbx) AvBAvi2071-199-3-6 AvBAvi1561-228-1-2/ 1983
AvBAvi1737//wmAvi94-13
weAvi16 (kvnxevjvg) AvBAvi2793-80-1 AvBAvi1416-131-5/AvBAvi1364- 1983
37-3-1//AvBAvi1544G-B666
weAvi17 (nvwm) †KGb-1we-361-1-8-6-10 †RivK/AvBAvi8 1985
weAvi18 (kvnRvjvj) we541 we-‡KGb-22-7-2 †cwjUv1-1/AvBAvi1108-2 1985
weAvi19 (g½j) we2360-2-3-1-9-1- AvBAvi2180-2/AvBAvi2178 1985
GgAvi-1
weAvi20 (wbRvgx) weAvi201-193-1 AvBAvi272-4-1-2-†R1/ 1986
AvBAvi5(264)
weAvi21 (wbqvgZ) weAvi1656-22-1 wm22/AvBBwU1444 1986
weAvi22 (wKiY) weAvi539-17-4-3-3-1 bvBRvikvBj/weAvi51-46-5 1988
weAvi23 (w`kvix) weAvi716-7-2-1-1 wWG29/weAvi4 1988
weAvi24 (ingZ) weAvi4290-3-3-5 wm22/AvBAvi9752-136-2 1992
weAvi25 (bqvcvRvg) weAvi425-189-6-1-2-1-1 cvRvg2/AvBAvi26 1992
mviYx 1| µgk|
av‡bi RvZ †KŠwjK mvwi c¨v‡i‡›UR Aegyw³i eQi
weAvi26 (kªveYx) AvBAvi44595-70-2-2-3 AvBAvi18348-36-3-3/ 1993
AvBAvi25863-61-3-2//AvBAvi58
weª avb27 weAvi1890-10-2-1-1 †KGb1 we-361-1-8-6-9/wm168 1994
weª avb28 weAvi601-3-3-4-2-5 weAvi6 (AvBAvi28)/c~e©vPx 1994
weª avb29 weAvi802-118-4-2 wewR90-2/weAvi51-46-5 1994
weª avb30 weAvi850-22-1-4 AvBAvi2058-78-1-3-2-3/weAvi4 1994
weª avb31 weAvi1725-13-7-1-6 weAvi11/GAviwm10550 1994
weª avb32 weAvi4363-3-8-1-2-4 weAvi4/weAvi2662 1994
weª avb33 wewR850-2 wewR388/wewR367-4 1997
weª avb34 evQvBKiY cÖwµqvi LvmKvwb 1997
weª avb35 weAvi1674-15-4-1- weAvi4//weAvi26-7-4-1/ 1998
3-1-†R2 GAviwm14529
weª avb36 AvBAvi54791-19-2-3 AvBAvi64/AvBAvi35293- 1998
125-3-2-3
weª avb37 weAvi4384-2we-2-2- evmgwZ (wW)/weAvi5 1998
GBPAvi3
weª avb38 weAvi4384-2we-2-2-4 evmgwZ (wW)/weAvi5 1998
weª avb39 weAvi5969-3-2 weAvi1185-2we-56-2-1-1/ 1999
weAvi1674-28-3-1-1//
weAvi2558-7-3-2-2
weª avb40 weAvi5331-93-2-8-3 AvBAvi4595-4-1-15/weAvi10 2003
weª avb41 weAvi5828-11-1-4 weAvi23/weAvi1185-2we-16-1 2003
weª avb42 weAvi6058-6-3-3 weAvi14/AvBAvi25588-7-3-1 2004
weª avb43 weAvi5543-5-1-2-4 weAvi24/weAvi21 2004
weª avb44 weAvi6110-10-1-2 weAvi10/weª avb31 2005
weª avb45 weAvi5778-21-2-3 weAvi2/TETEP 2005
weª avb46 weAvi5226-6-3-2 weAvi11/¯^Y©jZv//GAviwm14766G 2007
weª avb47 AvBAvi63307-4we-4-3 AvBAvi51511-we-we-34-we/ 2007
wUwmwmwc266-2-49-we-we-3
weª avb48 weAvi5563-3-3-4-1 weAvi1543-9-2-1/AvBAvi13249- 2008
49-3-2-2
weª avb49 weAvi6592-4-6-4 weAvi4962-12-4-1/AvBAvi33380- 2008
7-2-1-3
weª avb50 (evsjvgwZ) weAvi6902-16-5-1-1 weAvi30/AvBAvi67684we 2008
weª avb51 AvBAvi81213-246-237 ¯^Y©v/AvBAvi49830-7-1-2-3 2010
weª avb52 AvBAvi85260-66- weAvi11/AvBAvi40931-33- 2010
654-Gaz2 1-3-2
weª avb53 weAvi5778-156-1-3- weAvi10/weAvi23//weAvi847- 2010
GBPAvi14 76-1-1
weª avb54 weAvi5999-82-3-2- weAvi1185-2we-16-1/weAvi548- 2010
GBPAvi1 128-1-3
weª avb55 AvBAvi73678-6-9-we AvBAvi64/Oryza rufipogon 2011
weª avb56 AvBAvi74371-70-1-1-we AvBAvi55419-4/WAY RAREM 2011
weª avb57 weAvi7873-5* weAvi11/wmAvi146-7027-224 2011
(GbAvBGj)-51-GBPAvi6
weª avb58 weª avb29-Gmwm3-28-16- weª avb29 Gi †mvgv‡K¬vb (wUmy¨ 2012
4-GBPAvi2 KvjPvi c×wZ‡Z D™¢vweZ)
mviYx 1| µgk|
av‡bi RvZ †KŠwjK mvwi c¨v‡i‡›UR Aegyw³i eQi
weª avb59 weWweD328 - 2013
weª avb60 weAvi7323-4we-1 weAvi7166-4-5-3/weAvi26 2013
weª avb61 weAvi7105-4Avi-2 AvBAvi64419-3we-4-3/weª avb29 2013
weª avb62 weAvi7517-2Avi-27-3 wRivKvUvwi/weª avb39 2013
nvBweªW av‡bi RvZ
weª nvBweªW avb1 AvBAvi69690GBP AvBAvi58025G/weAvi827-35- 2001
2-1-1Avi
weª nvBweªW avb2 weAvi1033GBP weAvi10G/weAvi016-5-3-2-4Avi 2008
weª nvBweªW avb3 weAvi1251GBP weAvi11G/weAvi063-4-4-3-1Avi 2009
weª nvBweªW avb4 weAvi1376GBP AvBAvi58025G/weAvi016-5- 2010
3-2-4Avi
mviYx 1-G DwjwLZ RvZ¸‡jv AvDk, Avgb Ges †ev‡iv †g․my‡g Avev‡`i Rb¨
Aby‡gvw`Z| RvZ¸‡jvi †KvbwU GK †KvbwU `yB ev wZb †g․my‡g Avev‡`i Rb¨ mycvwik
Kiv n‡q‡Q| mviYx 2-G av‡bi †g․myg, D‛PZv, RxebKvj, •ewkó¨ Ges djb eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| AwaK djb wbwðZ Ki‡Z DbœZ dmj e¨e¯’vcbvmn †g․myg wfwËK RvZ wbe©vPb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgb †gŠmyg
†ivcv Avg‡bi RvZ¸‡jvi †KvbUv Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj, †KvbUv ¯í Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj
Avevi †KvbUv‡Z Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxjZv †bB| G •ewk‡ó¨i Rb¨ RvZ†f‡` exR ecb
Ges †ivcY ¯^vfvweK mg‡qi †P‡q AvMv‡bv ev wcQv‡bv hvq| †ivcv Avg‡bi RvZ¸‡jv 15
Avlvp †_‡K 15 kªveY ch©šÍ exR ecb K‡i 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv 15 kªveY †_‡K 15 fv`ª
ch©š— †ivcY Kiv hv‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q, 15-30 Avlvp exR ecb K‡i 15-30 kªve‡Yi
g‡a¨ Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j djb me‡P‡q †ewk cvIqv hvq| mviYx 3-G RvZ‡f‡` exR
ec‡bi mgq Ges cwi‡ek wfwËK Pvl c×wZ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mviYx 2| weª D™¢vweZ D”P djbkxj (Ddkx) av‡bi RvZmg~‡ni •ewkó¨, 1970-2013|
av‡bi RvZ†gŠmyg Mo MoRv‡Zi •ewkó¨ av‡bi MoAegyw³i D”PZv RxebKvj
djb eQi
(†mwg) (w`b)1 (Ub/†n±i)
weAvi1 (Pvw›`bv) †ev‡iv 88 150 Pvj Lv‡Uv, †gvUv 5.5 1970
AvDk 88 120 4.0
weAvi2 (gvjv) †ev‡iv 120 160 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb I mv`v 5.0 1971
AvDk 120 125 4.0
weAvi3 (wece) †ev‡iv 95 170 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I 6.5 1973
AvDk 100 130 †c‡U mv`v `vM Av‡Q 4.0
Avgb 100 145 4.0
weAvi4 (weªkvBj) Avgb 125 145 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I mv`v 5.0 1975
weAvi5 (`yjv‡fvM) Avgb 120 150 Pvj †QvU, †MvjvK…wZ I myMwÜ 3.0 1976
mviYx 2| µgk|
av‡bi RvZ †gŠmyg Mo Mo Rv‡Zi •ewkó¨ av‡bi Mo Aegyw³i
D”PZv RxebKvj djb eQi
(†mwg) (w`b)1 (Ub/†n±i)
weAvi6 †ev‡iv 100 140 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb I mv`v 4.5 1977
AvDk 113 110 3.5
weAvi7 (weª evjvg) †ev‡iv 125 155 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb 4.5 1977
AvDk 125 130 3.5
weAvi8 (Avkv) †ev‡iv 125 160 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I †c‡U 6.0 1978
AvDk 125 125 `vM Av‡Q Ges wkjve„wó 5.0
GjvKvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
weAvi9 (mydjv) †ev‡iv 125 155 Pvj j¤^v, gvSvwi †gvUv 6.0 1978
AvDk 125 120 I mv`v Ges wkjve„wó 5.0
GjvKvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
weAvi10 (cÖMwZ) Avgb 115 150 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb 5.5 1980
weAvi11 (gy³v) Avgb 115 145 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv 5.5 1980
weAvi12 (gqbv) †ev‡iv 105 170 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I mv`v 5.5 1983
AvDk 105 130 4.5
weAvi14 (MvRx) †ev‡iv 120 160 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I mv`v 6.0 1983
AvDk 120 120 5.0
weAvi15 (†gvwnbx) †ev‡iv 90 165 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb I mv`v 5.5 1983
AvDk 100 125 5.0
weAvi16 (kvnxevjvg) †ev‡iv 90 165 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb I mv`v 6.0 1983
AvDk 110 130 5.0
wAvi17 (nvwm) †ev‡iv 125 155 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges 6.0 1985
nvIo A‡ji Dc‡hvMx
weAvi18 (kvnRvjvj) †ev‡iv 115 170 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv, mv`v I 6.0 1985
nvIo A‡ji Dc‡hvMx
weAvi19 (g½j) †ev‡iv 110 170 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges 6.0 1985
nvIo A‡ji Dc‡hvMx
weAvi20 (wbRvgx)* AvDk 120 115 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I ¯^‛Q 3.5 1986
Ges mivmwi ecb‡hvM¨
weAvi21 (wbqvgZ)* AvDk 100 110 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I ¯^‛Q 3.0 1986
Ges mivmwi ecb‡hvM¨
weAvi22 (wKiY)** Avgb 125 150 Pvj Lv‡Uv, †gvUv I mv`v 5.0 1988
Ges bvex RvZ
weAvi23 (w`kvix)** Avgb 120 150 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb I mv`v 5.5 1988
Ges bvwe RvZ
weAvi24 (ingZ)* AvDk 105 105 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb I mv`v 3.5 1992
Ges mivmwi ecb‡hvM¨
weAvi25 (bqvcvRvg) Avgb 138 135 Pvj Lv‡Uv, †gvUv I mv`v 4.5 1992
weAvi26 (kªveYx) AvDk 115 115 Pvj wPKb, j¤^v I mv`v 4.0 1993
Ges G¨vgvB‡jvR Kg
weª avb27 AvDk 140 115 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges 4.0 1994
ewikvj A‡ji Dc‡hvMx
weª avb28 †ev‡iv 90 140 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb I mv`v 6.0 1994
weª avb29 †ev‡iv 95 160 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb I mv`v 7.5 1994
weª avb30 Avgb 120 145 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb I mv`v 5.0 1994
weª avb31 Avgb 115 140 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I mv`v 5.0 1994
mviYx 2| µgk|
av‡bi RvZ †gŠmyg Mo Mo Rv‡Zi •ewkó¨ av‡bi Mo Aegyw³i
D”PZv RxebKvj djb eQi
(†mwg) (w`b)1 (Ub/†n±i)
weª avb32 Avgb 120 130 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I mv`v 5.0 1994
weª avb33 Avgb 100 118 Pvj Lv‡Uv, †gvUv, †c‡U mv`v 4.5 1997
`vM Av‡Q Ges AvMvg RvZ
weª avb34 Avgb 117 135 Pvj Lv‡Uv, †gvUv I myMwÜ 3.5 1997
weª avb35 †ev‡iv 105 155 Pvj Lv‡Uv, †gvUv Ges ev`vwg 5.0 1998
MvQdwos cÖwZ‡ivax
weª avb36 †ev‡iv 90 140 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb Ges VvÛv mwnòz 5.0 1998
weª avb37 Avgb 125 140 Pvj gvSvwi, wPKb I myMwÜ 3.5 1998
weª avb38 Avgb 125 140 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb I myMwÜ 3.5 1998
weª avb39 Avgb 106 122 Pvj j¤^v I wPKb 4.5 1999
weª avb40 Avgb 110 145 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges 4.5 2003
jeY mnbkxj
weª avb41 Avgb 115 148 Pvj j¤^v‡U †gvUv Ges 4.5 2003
jeY mnbkxj
weª avb42*** AvDk 100 100 Pvj gvSvwi, mv`v I Liv mwnòz 3.5 2004
weª avb43*** AvDk 100 100 Pvj gvSvwi, mv`v 3.5 2004
Ges Liv mwnòz
weª avb44 Avgb 130 145 Pvj †gvUv Ges DcK~jxq 5.5 2005
AjeYv³ †Rvqvi-fvUv
A‡ji Dc‡hvMx
weª avb45 †ev‡iv 100 140 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv I mv`v 6.5 2005
weª avb46** Avgb 105 150 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv, bvwe RvZ 4.7 2007
15 †m‡Þ¤^i ch©šÍ †ivcY‡hvM¨
weª avb47 †ev‡iv 105 152 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv, Pviv Ae¯’vq 6.0 2007
jeY mnbkxjZv 12-14
wWGm/wgUvi Ges evKx
RxebKv‡j 6 wWGm/wgUvi
weª avb48 AvDk 105 110 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv, fvZ SiS‡i 5.5 2008
weª avb49 Avgb 100 135 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb, bvBRvi- 5.5 2008
kvB‡ji g‡Zv Ges weAvi11
†_‡K 7 w`b AvMvg
weª avb50 (evsjvgwZ) †ev‡iv 82 155 Pvj j¤^v, wPKb, myMwÜ I mv`v 6.0 2008
weª avb51 Avgb 90 142 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb, ¯^‛Q I mv`v 4.5 2010
(RjgMœ bv n‡j)
154
(14 w`b RjgMœ _vK‡j)
weª avb52 Avgb 116 145 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv 5.0 2010
(RjgMœ bv n‡j)
155
(14 w`b RjgMœ _vK‡j)
weª avb53 Avgb 105 125 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb, Pviv I cÖRbb 4.5 2010
Ae¯’vq 8-10 wWGm/wgUvi
ch©šÍ jeYv³Zv mnbkxj
mviYx 2| µgk|
av‡bi RvZ †gŠmyg Mo Mo Rv‡Zi •ewkó¨ av‡bi Mo Aegyw³i
D”PZv RxebKvj djb eQi
(†mwg) (w`b)1 (Ub/†n±i)
weª avb54 Avgb 115 135 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb, Pviv I cÖRbb 4.5 2010
Ae¯’vq 8-10 wWGm/ wgUvi
ch©šÍ jeYv³Zv mnbkxj
weª avb55 †ev‡iv 100 145 Pvj wPKb I j¤^v, ga¨g gv‡bi 7.0 2011
AvDk 100 105 jeYv³Zv, Liv I VvÛv mnbkxj 5.0
weª avb56 Avgb 115 110 Pvj j¤^v, †gvUv I iO mv`v Ges 5.0 2011
Liv mnbkxj, cÖRbb ch©v‡q
14-21 w`b e„wó bv n‡jI
dj‡bi †Zgb †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv
weª avb57 Avgb 115 105 j¤^v, miæ Pvj Ges Liv 4.5 2011
cwinviKvix, cÖRbb ch©v‡q
10-14 w`b e„wó bv n‡jI
dj‡bi †Zgb †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv
weª avb58 †ev‡iv 100 155 `vbv A‡bKUv weª avb29 Gi 7.2 2012
g‡Zv, Z‡e mvgvb¨ wPKb
weª avb59 †ev‡iv 83 153 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges mv`v, 7.1 2013
wWM cvZv Lvov I Mvp meyR
Ges †n‡j c‡o bv
weª avb60 †ev‡iv 98 151 Pvj j¤^v I miæ Ges mv`v 7.3 2013
weª avb61 †ev‡iv 96 150 Pvj gvSvwi miæ, mv`v Ges 6.3 2013
jeYv³Zv mnbkxj
weª avb62 Avgb 102 100 Pvj j¤^v, miæ Ges mv`v, ga¨g 3.5 2013
gvÎvi wRsK mg„× Ges
AvMvg RvZ
weª nvBweªW avb1 †ev‡iv 110 155 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb ¯^‛Q I mv`v 8.5 2001
weª nvBweªW avb2 †ev‡iv 105 145 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges AvMvg 8.0 2008
weª nvBweªW avb3 †ev‡iv 110 145 Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv Ges AvMvg 9.0 2009
weª nvBweªW avb4 Avgb 112 118 Pvj gvSvwi wPKb, ¯^‛Q I mv`v 6.5 2010
1RxebKvj ec‡bi mg‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i Kg-†ewk nq| *weAvi20, weAvi21 I weAvi24 e„wóeûj
GjvKvi Dc‡hvMx| **Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj| ***weª avb42 Ges weª avb43 e„wóeûj Ges Liv-cÖeY Dfq
A‡ji Dc‡hvMx|
mviYx 3 | †ivcv Avg‡bi RvZ¸‡jvi Av‡jvK ms‡e`bkxjZv I RvZ wbe©vP‡bi †KŠkj|
RvZ we‡kl ¸Y mycvwik
weAvi5 myMwÜ †cvjvI/ G RvZ¸‡jv Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj Ges Gi Kviæ Ddkx av‡bi g‡Zv
weª avb34 wewiqvwbi Pvj cy‡ivcywi gReyZ bq| Kv‡Ûi gReywZ evov‡bvi Rb¨ RxebKvj Ges Mv‡Qi
weª avb37 D‛PZv Kgv‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ G RvZ¸‡jvi exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e 5-10
weª avb38 kªveY Gi g‡a¨| Gici 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv A‡c¶vK…Z DuPz Rwg‡Z †ivcY
Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z dm‡ji RxebKvj Kgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Mv‡Qi D‛PZvI Kg
n‡e hvi cÖfv‡e Kv‡Ûi gReywZ evo‡e Ges X‡j cov cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w×
cv‡e| dmj Livq bv covi Rb¨ m¤ú~iK †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j †n±i cÖwZ
4.0-4.5 Ub ch©šÍ djb cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mviYx 3| µgk|
RvZ we‡kl ¸Y mycvwik
weAvi10 AwaK djbkxj G RvZ¸‡jv ¯^í Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj Ges me‡P‡q †ewk djbkxj| G
weAvi11 gvSvwi †gvUv RvZ¸‡jv 15-20 Avlv‡p exR ecb K‡i 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv ¯^vfvweK
weª avb30 †_‡K †gvUv Rwg‡Z †ivcY Ki‡j †n±i cÖwZ djb †`q 5.0-6.0 Ub| G avb cv‡K 6
weª avb31 Pvj AMÖnvq‡Yi ci| d‡j Wvj, †Zj I Mg dm‡ji Avev` e¨vnZ nq| †h‡nZz
G RvZ¸‡jv ¯^í Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj, ZvB G¸‡jvi exR ecb hw` 15-
20 •R¨ô ch©šÍ GwM‡q G‡b 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY Kiv hvq Zvn‡j
dmj cv‡K 10-15 KvwZ©‡Ki g‡a¨| d‡j Wvj, †Zj, Mg dmj Dchy³
mg‡q ecb Kiv hvq Ges av‡bi dj‡bi †Zgb †Kvb ZviZg¨ nq bv|
Gfv‡e Av‡M exR ecb Ki‡j †ivc‡Yi mgq Liv KewjZ n‡j Pvivi eqm
¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q 15-20 w`b ch©šÍ evov‡bv hvq, A_©vr 40-45 w`‡bi
Pviv †ivcY Kiv hvq| Avevi Uvwg©bvj Liv, A_©vr KvwZ©‡Ki cÖ_g †_‡K
Liv n‡j AvMvg ec‡bi Rb¨ dj‡bi Ici †Zgb cÖfve c‡o bv, KviY
ZLb avb k³ RgvU ch©v‡q P‡j hvq| Aciw`‡K ¯’vbxq kvBj av‡b ZLb
†_vo Avmv ïiæ nq Ges Liv KewjZ n‡q c‡o| ¯^í Av‡jvK
ms‡e`bkxjZv _vKvi Kvi‡Y RvZ¸‡jvi dmj Av‡M cv‡K Ges djbI
¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk nq|
weAvi25 AvMvg RvZ G RvZ¸‡jv‡Z Av‡jvK ms‡e`bkxjZv †bB| d‡j G RvZ¸‡jv 15 Avlvp
weª avb32 †_‡K 15 kªveY ch©š— ecb Ges 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv 15 kªveY †_‡K 15
weª avb33 fv`ª ch©š— †ivcY Kiv hvq| G RvZ¸‡jvi exR †Kvb µ‡gB Avlvp gv‡mi
weª avb39 5 Zvwi‡Li Av‡M ecb Kiv DwPZ bq| weª avb33 Gi exR 5 Avlv‡p ecb
weª avb49 K‡i 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j Avwk¦‡bi †kl mßv‡n dmj KvUv
hv‡e| Gfv‡e weª avb39 cvK‡e KvwZ©‡Ki cÖ_g mßv‡n| weAvi25, weª
avb32 Ges weª avb49 cvK‡e KvwZ©‡Ki gvSvgvwS| Av‡jvK ms‡e`b-
kxjZv bv _vKvq G RvZ¸‡jv K…lK Zvi B‡‛QgZ †hw`b dmj KvU‡Z Pvb
†mw`bB Zv cv‡ib| GRb¨ †h Rv‡Zi RxebKvj hZ w`b, dmj KvUvi
w`b †_‡K ZZw`b Av‡M exR ecb K‡i 25-30 w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY K‡i
wVKfv‡e dmj cwiPh©v Ki‡Z n‡e| weª avb49 Gi Pvj bvBRvikvB‡ji
g‡Zv| G Rv‡Zi RxebKvj weAvi11 Gi †P‡q 7 w`b AvMvg|
weª nvBweªW eb¨vgy³ eb¨vgy³ GjvKvi †ivcv Avgb Pv‡li AbyK~j cwi‡e‡k Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨
weª avb4 GjvKvi RvZ nvBweªW avb4 wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
weª avb51 RjgMœZv weª avb51 I weª avb52 ¯^í Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj Ges 10 †_‡K 15 w`b
weª avb52 mwnÂz RvZ AvKw¯§K eb¨vq RjgMœ _vKvi ciI cÖPwjZ ¯^Y©v Ges weAvi11 av‡bi
†P‡q djb †ewk †`q| GRb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki †h mg Í GjvKvq AvKw¯§K
eb¨vi Avk¼v _v‡K †mLv‡b cÖZ¨vwkZ djb †c‡Z G RvZ¸‡jv wbe©vPb
Ki‡Z n‡e| RvZ¸‡jvi exR 15-20 Avlv‡p ecb K‡i 25-30 w`‡bi
Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G‡`i Pvlvev` weAvi11 Gi Abyiƒc|
weAvi22 gvSvwi †gvUv G RvZ¸‡jv Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj| bvwe ¸Y _vKvi Rb¨ G‡`i exR
weAvi23 †_‡K j¤^v 20-30 kªve‡Y ecb K‡i 30-40 w`‡bi Pviv me©‡kl 31 fv`ª ch©šÍ †ivcY
weª avb46 †gvUv Pvj Ges Kiv hv‡e| A_©vr AvDk I cvU KvUv Rwg A_ev eb¨v cÖeY GjvKv †hLv‡b
bvwe RvZ 15 fv‡`ªi ci †ivc‡Yi Dc‡hvMx †mLv‡bB G RvZ¸‡jv Avev` Kiv hv‡e|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †ivcv Avgb †g․my‡g fv`ª gv‡mi ci †Kvb avb †ivcY
Kiv hv‡e bv|
mviYx 3| µgk|
RvZ we‡kl ¸Y mycvwik
weª avb40 Pviv I cÖRbb weª avb53 Qvov evwK RvZ¸‡jv Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj| mgy`ª DcK~jxq
weª avb41 Ae¯’vq 8-10 jeYv³ cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ G RvZ¸‡jv mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| G A‡j
weª avb53 wWGm/wgUvi †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ wKQzUv j¤^v Pviv `iKvi| GRb¨ exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e
weª avb54 jeYv³Zv Avlv‡pi ïiæ‡Z| Zvn‡j 40-50 w`‡bi Pviv †ek j¤^v nq Ges GK nuvUz
mnbkxj cwigvY cvwb _vKv Rwg‡Z mn‡RB †ivcY Kiv hvq| Z‡e weª avb53
Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj bq e‡j Avlv‡pi wØZxq mßv‡n exR ecb Ki‡Z
n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î Pvivi eqm n‡e 30-35 w`b| weª avb53, weª avb40 I weª
avb41 †_‡K cÖvq 20 w`b AvMvg|
weª avb44 †gvUv Pvj Ges RvZwU Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj| †Rvqvi-fvUv GjvKvq †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ Pviv
†Rvqvi-fvUv hZ eo n‡e ZZB fvj| ZvB Gi exR ecb 20-25 •R¨ô n‡j †ivc‡Yi
cwi‡e‡ki avb Rb¨ Pvivi eqm 40-50 w`b n‡Z cv‡i| ZLb Pvivi D‛PZv I Rwg‡Z
†Rvqv‡ii MfxiZv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Ime GjvKvq †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
weª avb56 Liv mnbkxj G RvZ¸‡jv ¯^í Av‡jvK-ms‡e`bkxj| G¸‡jv Avgb †g․myg e¨ZxZ
weª avb57 RvZ AvDk ev †ev‡iv †g․my‡g Avev` Kiv wVK n‡e bv|
weª avb56 Gi RxebKvj webv avb7 Gi †P‡q 5 w`b Ges weª avb33 Gi
†P‡q 10 w`b AvMvg| weª avb56 Liv mnbkxj RvZ| cÖRbb ch©v‡q m‡e©v‛P
14-21 w`b e„wó bv n‡jI dj‡bi †Zgb †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv Ges †n±‡i cÖvq 3.5 Ub djb w`‡Z m¶g|
weª avb57 Gi RxebKvj AvMvg Ddkx RvZ webv avb7 Gi †P‡q 10 w`b
Ges weª avb33 Gi †P‡q 15 w`b Kg| weª avb57 ga¨g gvÎvi Liv
mnbkxj| G Rv‡Zi RxebKvj m¦í †gqvw` nIqvq Liv †`Lv †`qvi c~‡e©B
`vbv `ya Ae¯’v †_‡K Avav k³ Ae¯’vq P‡j Av‡m| ZvB G‡K Liv cwinviKvix
RvZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq| cÖRbb ch©v‡q GKUvbv m‡e©v‛P 10-14 w`b
e„wó bv n‡jI dj‡bi †Zgb †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv Ges †n±‡i
cÖvq 3.0 Ub djb w`‡Z m¶g|
weª avb62 me‡P‡q AvMvg G Rv‡Z AvaywbK Ddkx av‡bi mKj •ewkó¨ we`¨gvb| RxebKvj 100
RvZ, Pvj D‛P w`b hv weª avb33 Gi †P‡q 10-12 w`b AvMvg| wWMcvZv Lvov I Mvp
gvÎvi †cÖvwUb, meyR i‡Oi Ges MvQ mn‡R †n‡j c‡o bv| Avlv‡pi 15-20 Zvwi‡Li
ga¨g gvÎvi g‡a¨ exR ecb K‡i 20-25 w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j Avwk¦‡bi †kl
wRsK mg„× Ges mßv‡n avb †K‡U AvMvg Avjy ev iwekm¨ Pvl Kiv hvq|
ißvwb‡hvM¨
AvDk †gŠmyg
G †g․my‡g ecb Ges †ivcY yÕfv‡eB avb Avev` Kiv hvq| AvDk av‡bi exR ec‡bi
Dchy³ mgq n‡jv 15-30 •PÎ| mviYx 4-G AvD‡ki RvZ¸‡jvi Pvl c×wZ I cwi‡ek
D‡jL Kiv n‡jv| AvD‡ki †Kvb Rv‡ZB Av‡jvK ms‡e`bkxjZv †bB Ges RxebKvjI
Kg, ZvB †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ Pvivi eqm n‡e 20-25 w`b|
†ev‡iv †gŠmyg
†ev‡iv †g․my‡gi RvZ¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb Av‡jvK ms‡e`bkxjZv †bB| G †g․myg ïi‚ nq
VvÊv I †QvU w`b w`‡q, Avi dzj †dv‡U Mi‡gi ïi‚‡Z Ges eo w`‡b| ZvB Av‡jvK-
ms‡e`bkxj †Kvb av‡bi RvZ †ev‡iv †g․my‡g Avev` Kiv DwPZ bq| †ev‡iv †g․my‡gi †h
mg¯— Rv‡Zi RxebKvj 150 w`b ev Zvi †P‡q Kg †m¸‡jvi exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e
AMÖnvqY gv‡mi ïiæ‡Z Ges †h RvZ¸‡jvi RxebKvj 150 w`‡bi †ewk †m¸‡jv 15
KvwZ©K †_‡K exR ecb Kiv hv‡e| G mg‡q exR ecb Ki‡j Pvivi D‛PZv †f‡` 35
†_‡K 45 w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j fvj djb cvIqv hvq| †ev‡iv av‡bi †ivcY 15
gv‡Ni g‡a¨ †kl Kiv DwPZ| Gici †ivcY Ki‡j RxebKvj I djb DfqB K‡g hvq|
mviYx 5-G cwi‡ek †f‡` RvZ wbe©vP‡bi wKQz civgk© †`qv n‡jv|
mviYx 4| †evbv Ges †ivcv AvD‡ki RvZ Ges Pvlvev‡`i cwi‡ek|
Pvl c×wZ RvZ civgk©
†evbv AvDk weAvi21, weAvi24 Ges weª avb27 e„wóeûj GjvKvi Dc‡hvMx|
weª avb42 Ges weª avb43 Liv-cÖeY Ges e„wóeûj Dfq GjvKvi Dc‡hvMx|
†ivcv AvDk weAvi26, weª avb27, weª avb48, mvaviY †ivcv AvDk GjvKv A‡c¶vK…Z wbPz
weª avb55 Rwg‡Z Pv‡li †hvM¨|
mviYx 5| †ev‡iv av‡bi •ewkó¨ I RvZ wbe©vPb|
Rv‡Zi bvg •ewkó¨ civgk©
weAvi1, weAvi6, RxebKvj 150 w`‡bi †m‡Pi cvwb NvUwZ GjvKvi Rb¨ AvMvg RvZ
weª avb28, weª avb45 Kg (AvMvg RvZ) wn‡m‡e G RvZ¸‡jv wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Ges weª avb55
weAvi14, weAvi16, RxebKvj 150 w`‡bi De©i Rwg I cvwb NvUwZ †bB Ggb GjvKvi Rb¨
weª avb29, weª avb59, †ewk (`xN© RxebKvj) AwaK djbkxj RvZ wn‡m‡e G¸‡jv Pvl Kiv
weª avb60 Ges †h‡Z cv‡i|
weª nvBweªW avb1
weª nvBweªW avb2 Ges RxebKvj 145 w`b G RvZ¸‡jv weª avb28 Gi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e
weª nvBweªW avb3 (AvMvg RvZ) Pvlvev` Kiv hvq|
weª avb36 VvÛv mwnòz I AvMvg RvZ AwaK VvÛvi mgq Pviv Kg gviv hvq|
weAvi17, weAvi18 KvÛ DuPz e‡j dmj cvKvi nvIo GjvKvi Dc‡hvMx RvZ|
Ges weAvi19 mgq †QvU-Lv‡Uv AvMvg
X‡j avb Zwj‡q hvq bv|
weAvi8 Ges weAvi9 wk‡li mv‡_ avb gReywZi wkjve„wó-cÖeY GjvKvi Dc‡hvMx RvZ|
m‡½ mshy³
weª avb47 Ges jeYv³Zv mnbkxj RvZ| weª avb47 Gi †¶‡Î kZKiv cÖvq 80 fvM avb
weª avb61 RvZ `yÕwU Pviv Ae¯’vq 12- cvK‡jB KvU‡Z n‡e Ges mZK©Zvi mv‡_ enb
14 wWGm/wgUvi (3 mßvn Ki‡Z n‡e| AwaK cwic° n‡j wkl †_‡K wKQy
ch©š—) cvwbi jeYv³Zv mn¨ avb S‡i †h‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ weª avb61 Gi avb
Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges evwK Rxeb- mn‡R wkl †_‡K S‡i c‡o bv| Dfq Rv‡Zi
Kv‡ji Rb¨ mwnòz gvÎv †¶‡Î hw` †m‡Pi cvwbi jeYv³Zv 1 wWGm/
h_vµ‡g 6 wWGm/wgUvi (weª wgUvi Gi g‡a¨ _v‡K Zvn‡j †m‡Pi cvwb
avb47) Ges 8 wWGm/wgUvi (f~Mf© ’ A_ev b`xi cvwb) e¨envi K‡i wPswoi
(weª avb61)| weª avb47 Gi †N‡i †hLv‡b gvwUi jeYv³Zv 10-12 wWGm/
av‡bi Pvj gvSvwi †gvUv, wgUvi nq †mLv‡b G av‡bi Pvl Kiv hvq|
mviYx 5| µgk|
Rv‡Zi bvg •ewkó¨ civgk©
fvZ SiS‡i nq Ges `xN© †m‡¶‡Î cÖwZ mßv‡n †¶‡Zi c~‡e©i cvwb wb®‥vkb
mgq ivL‡jI bó nq bv| Ki‡Z n‡e Ges bZzb cvwb w`‡q †mP w`‡Z n‡e|
weª avb61 Gi av‡bi Pvj hw` †m‡Pi cvwbi jeYv³Zv 3 wWGm/wgUvi ev
gvSvwi wPKb I mv`v Ges Zvi Kg nq Zvn‡j †m‡Pi cvwb (f~Mf©¯’ A_ev
wkl †_‡K avb mn‡R S‡i b`xi cvwb) e¨envi K‡i †hLv‡b gvwUi jeYv³Zv
c‡o bv| Gi †Lv‡j (Leaf 5-6 wWGm/wgUvi Av‡Q †mLv‡b mn‡RB G av‡bi
Sheath) I eo Zy‡li Pvl Kiv hvq| 3 wWGm/wgUvi Gi †P‡q †ewk
(Lemma) AMªfv‡M gvÎvi jeYv³Zv hy³ cvwb KLbI †m‡Pi Rb¨
†e¸wb iO Av‡Q| Dfq e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡Z gvwUi jeYv³Zv w`b
Rv‡Zi avbMv‡Qi KvÛ w`b e„w× cvq|
†ek k³ Ges mn‡R
†n‡j c‡o bv|
weª avb50 (evsjvgwZ) G Rv‡Zi Pv‡j myMÜ Av‡Q| †hme GjvKvq ivevi
njv‡i avb fv½v‡bv m¤¢e
avb I Pvj `y‡UvB mn‡R bq †mme GjvKvq avb wm× K‡i mvaviY †gwk‡b
`„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| G RvZ avb fv½v‡bv hvq, G‡Z Pvj fv‡½ bv
evmgwZi g‡Zv wPKb,
j¤^v I RbwcÖq|
weª avb55 ga¨g gv‡bi jeYv³Zv, G av‡bi RvZ †ev‡iv †g․my‡g weª avb28 †_‡K 5
Liv Ges VvÛv mnbkxj w`b bvwe Ges †n±i cÖwZ cÖvq 1 Ub djb †ewk
†`q| G av‡bi Pvj j¤¦v miæ Ges fvZ wKQyUv
AvVv‡jv nq, Z‡e mym¦v`y| `yÕevi wm× Pv‡ji fvZ
AvVv‡jv nq bv|
weª avb58 weª avb58 Gi RxebKvj De©i Rwg I cvwb NvUwZ †bB Ggb GjvKvi Rb¨
weª avb28 Gi †P‡q 6-7 AwaK djbkxj RvZ wn‡m‡e Gi Pvl Kiv †h‡Z
w`b bvwe wKš‘ weª avb29 cv‡i|
Gi †P‡q 7-8 w`b AvMvg|
avb Pv‡li DbœZ c×wZ
Dchy³ Pvlvev` c×wZ mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡j Ddkx av‡bi djb †e‡o hvq| wb‡P
avb Pv‡li DbœZ c×wZmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
exR evQvB
ec‡bi Rb¨ cyó I my¯’ exR wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY fvj exR gv‡b mej Pviv| GRb¨
exR evQvB‡qi wbgœewY©Z c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
`k wjUvi cwi®‥vi cvwb‡Z 375 MÖvg BDwiqv mvi †gkvb| Gevi 10 †KwR exR
†Q‡o nvZ w`‡q †b‡o‡P‡o w`b| cyó exR Wy‡e wb‡P Rgv n‡e Ges Acyó, nvjKv exR
†f‡m DV‡e| nvZ A_ev Pvjwb w`‡q fvmgvb exR¸‡jv mwi‡q †djyb| fvix exR wbP
†_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q cwi®‥vi cvwb‡Z 3-4 evi fvj K‡i ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv wgkv‡bv
cvwb mvi wn‡m‡e exRZjvq e¨envi Kiv hvq|
exR †kvab I RvM †`qv
evQvBK…Z exR `vMgy³ I cwicyó n‡j mvaviYfv‡e †kvab bv Ki‡jI P‡j| Z‡e
†kva‡bi Rb¨ 52-55 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm (nv‡Z mnbxq) ZvcgvÎvi Mig cvwb‡Z 15 wgwbU
exR Wywe‡q ivL‡j RxevYygy³ nq| exR hw` `vMhy³ nq Ges evKvwb Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v
_v‡K Zvn‡j Kvi‡ebWvwRg RvZxq QÎvKbvkK w`‡q exR †kvab Ki‡Z n‡e|
†¶‡Z 2-3 MÖvg QÎvKbvkK 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q GK †KwR cwigvY
exR cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q bvovPvov K‡i 12 NÈv †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e| Gici exR cwi®‥vi cvwb
w`‡q ay‡q cvwb Swi‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e †kvabK…Z exR euv‡ki UzKwi ev Wªv‡g 2/3 ciZ
ïK‡bv Lo wewQ‡q Zvi Dci ex‡Ri e¨vM ivLyb Ges AviI 2/3 ciZ ïK‡bv Lo w`‡q
fvjfv‡e †P‡c Zvi Dci BU ev KvV A_ev †Kvb fvix wRwbm w`‡q Pvc w`b| Gfv‡e RvM
w`‡j AvDk I Avgb †g․my‡gi Rb¨ 48 NÈv ev yB w`‡b, †ev‡iv †g․my‡g 72 NÈv ev wZb
w`‡b fvj ex‡Ri A¼zi †ei n‡e Ges exRZjvq ec‡bi Dchy³ n‡e|
exRZjv •Zwi
† uvAvk I Gu‡Uj gvwU exRZjvi Rb¨ fvj| exRZjvi Rwg De©i nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| hw`
Rwg Abye©i nq Zvn‡j cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Rwg‡Z `yB †KwR nv‡i •Re mvi (cPv †Mvei ev
AveR©bv) my›`ifv‡e Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Gici Rwg‡Z 5-6 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb w`‡q
`yÕwZbwU Pvl I gB w`‡q 7-10 w`b †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e Ges cvwb fvjfv‡e AvUwK‡q ivL‡Z
n‡e| AvMvQv, Lo BZ¨vw` c‡P †M‡j Avevi Pvl I gB w`‡q Kv`v K‡i Rwg •Zwi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Gevi Rwgi •`N©¨ eivei GK wgUvi PIov †eW •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e (wPÎ 1)|
`yÕ‡e‡Wi gv‡S 25-30 †mw›UwgUvi RvqMv duvKv ivL‡Z n‡e| wba©vwiZ Rwgi `yÕcv‡ki
gvwU w`‡q †eW •Zwi Kiv hvq| Gici †e‡Wi Dc‡ii gvwU euvk ev Kv‡Vi †PcUv jvwV
w`‡q mgvb Ki‡Z n‡e| †eW •Zwii 3/4 NÈv ci exR †evbv DwPZ| exRZjv •Zwii Rb¨
`yÕ‡e‡Wi gv‡S †h bvjv •Zwi nq Zv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| G bvjv †hgb †m‡Pi Kv‡R jv‡M
†Zgwb cvwb wb®‥vkb ev cÖ‡qvR‡b mvi/Ilya BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvM Kiv mnR nq|
exRZjvq ecb
m‡ZR I mej Pviv mevB Pvq| ZvB exR evQvBKi‡Yi Av‡MB ex‡Ri IRb K‡i wb‡Z
n‡e| cÖwZ eM©wgUvi †e‡W 80-100 MÖvg exR †evbv `iKvi| †m Abyhvqx A¼zwiZ exR
†e‡Wi Dci mgvbfv‡e ey‡b w`‡Z n‡e| exR †e‡Wi Dci _v‡K e‡j cvwL‡`i bR‡i
c‡o| ZvB ec‡bi mgq †_‡K 4/5 w`b ch©Û cvnviv w`‡q cvwL Zvov‡bvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges bvjv fwZ© K‡i cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e| mviYx 6-G RvZ‡f‡` exR ec‡bi cwÄKv
†`qv n‡jv|
AwZwi³ VvÛvq exRZjvi hZœ
•kZ¨ cÖev‡ni mgq exRZjv ¯^‛Q cwjw_b w`‡q mKvj 10Uv †_‡K mܨv ch©šÍ †X‡K w`‡j,
exRZjvi cvwb mKv‡j †ei K‡i w`‡q Avevi bZzb cvwb w`‡j, cÖwZw`b mKv‡j Pvivi
Dci RgvK…Z wkwki Swi‡q w`‡j Pviv VvÛvi cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K i¶v cvq Ges ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
evo‡Z cv‡i (we¯ÍvwiZ †`Lyb 71-72 c„ôvq)|
mvaviY cwiPh©v
exRZjvq me mgq bvjv fwZ© cvwb ivLv DwPZ| exR MRv‡bvi 4-5 w`b ci †e‡Wi Dci
2-3 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb ivL‡j AvMvQv I cvwLi AvµgY wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| †ev‡iv †g․my‡g
kx‡Zi Rb¨ Pvivi evo-evowZ e¨vnZ nq| G Kvi‡Y iv‡Z exRZjv cwjw_b w`‡q †X‡K
ivL‡j VvÛvRwbZ ¶wZ †_‡K Pviv i¶v cvq Ges Pvivi evo-evowZ fvj nq| PvivMvQ
nj‡` n‡q †M‡j cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 7 MÖvg K‡i BDwiqv mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Ki‡jB P‡j|
BDwiqv cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci Pviv meyR bv n‡j M܇Ki Afve n‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i †bIqv hvq|
ZLb cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 10 MÖvg K‡i wRcmvg mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv mv‡ii
DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi ci exRZjvi cvwb a‡i ivLv DwPZ|
mviYx 6| †gŠmyg-wfwËK weª av‡bi RvZ I Pvlvev` cwÄKv|
RvZ exR ecb Pvivi eqm Pvivi `~iZ¡ mvwii `~iZ dmj KZ©b
(w`b) (†mwg) (†mwg)
†ivcv Avgb
weAvi3 15-20 Avlvp 25-30 15 20 10-15 AMÖnvqY
weAvi4 1-30 Avlvp 30-35 15 25 10-15 AMÖnvqY
weAvi5 10-15 kªveY 25-30 15 20 10-15 AMÖnvqY
weAvi10 1-30 Avlvp 30-40 15 25 20 KvwZ©K-20 AMÖnvqY
weAvi11 1-30 Avlvp 30-40 15 25 10 KvwZ©K-15 AMÖnvqY
weAvi22 1 Avlvp-25 kªveY 30-50* 15 25 15-30 AMÖnvqY
weAvi23 1 Avlvp-25 kªveY 30-50* 15 25 15-30 AMÖnvqY
weAvi25 15-30 Avlvp 25-30 15 20 1-15 AMÖnvqY
weª avb30 1-30 Avlvp 30-40 15 25 20 KvwZ©K-20 AMÖnvqY
weª avb31 1-30 Avlvp 30-35 15 25 10 KvwZ©K-10 AMÖnvqY
weª avb32 5-15 Avlvp 25-30 15 20 15-30 KvwZ©K
mviYx 6| Kªgk|
RvZ exR ecb Pvivi eqm Pvivi `~iZ¡ mvwii `~iZ¡ dmj KZ©b
wPÎ 1| GKwU Av`k© exRZjvi bgybv|
(w`b) (†mwg) (†mwg)
weª avb33 15-20 Avlvp 20-25 15 20 15-20 KvwZ©K
weª avb34 10-15 kªveY 25-30 15 20 10-15 AMÖnvqY
weª avb37 10-15 kªveY 25-30 15 20 10-15 AMÖnvqY
weª avb38 10-15 kªveY 25-30 15 20 10-15 AMÖnvqY
weª avb39 15-20 Avlvp 20-25 15 20 20-25 KvwZ©K
weª avb40 15-31 Avlvp 30-40 15 25 10-25 AMÖnvqY
weª avb41 10-31 Avlvp 30-40 15 25 15-30 AMÖnvqY
weª avb44 10-31 Avlvp 30-40 15 25 15-25 AMÖnvqY
weª avb46 1 Avlvp-25 kªveY 30-50* 15 20 25-30 AMÖnvqY
weª avb49 1-30 Avlvp 30-35 15 25 5-10 KvwZ©K
weª avb51 1-30 Avlvp 30-35 15 25 10 KvwZ©K-15 AMÖnvqY
weª avb52 1-30 Avlvp 30-35 15 25 10 KvwZ©K-15 AMÖnvqY
weª avb53 17-31 Avlvp 25-30 15 25 17 KvwZ©K-1 AMÖnvqY
weª avb54 17-31 Avlvp 25-30 15 25 26 KvwZ©K-11 AMÖnvqY
weª avb56 15 Avlvp-31 Avlvp 20-25 15 20 3 KvwZ©K-19 KvwZ©K
weª avb57 15 Avlvp-31 Avlvp 20-25 15 20 28 Avwk¦b-13 KvwZ©K
weª avb62 15-20 Avlvp 20-25 20 15 25-30 Avwk¦b
weª nvBweªW avb4 1-30 Avlvp 25-30 15 20 27-30 Avwk¦b
†ivcv AvDk
weAvi1 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 20-25 15 20 15 kªveY-5 fv`ª
weAvi2 15-30 •PÎ 20-30 15 20 20 kªveY-5 fv`ª
weAvi3 15-30 •PÎ 20-30 15 20 25 kªveY-10 fv`ª
weAvi6 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 20-25 15 20 10-30 kªveY
weAvi7 15-30 •PÎ 20-30 15 20 25 kªveY-10 fv`ª
weAvi8 15-30 •PÎ 20-30 15 20 20 kªveY-5 fv`ª
weAvi9 15-30 •PÎ 20-30 15 20 20 kªveY-5 fv`ª
weAvi14 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 20-25 15 20 15 kªveY-5 fv`ª
weAvi16 15-30 •PÎ 20-30 15 20 25 kªveY-10 fv`ª
weAvi26 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 20-25 15 20 10-30 kªveY
weª avb27 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 20-25 15 20 10-30 kªveY
weª avb48 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 20-25 15 20 10-30 kªveY
weª avb55 15 •PÎ-5 •ekvL 15-25 15 20 5-25 kªveY
†evbv AvDk
weAvi20 1 •PÎ-15 •ekvL 15 Avlvp-30 kªveY
weAvi21 1 •PÎ-15 •ekvL 10 Avlvp-20 kªveY
weAvi24 1 •PÎ-15 •ekvL 5 Avlvp-15 kªveY
weª avb27 1 •PÎ-15 •ekvL 15 Avlvp-30 kªveY
weª avb42 1 •PÎ-15 •ekvL 15 Avlvp-30 kªveY
weª avb43 1 •PÎ-15 •ekvL 15 Avlvp-30 kªveY
†ev‡iv
weAvi1 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi2 20 KvwZ©K-5 AMÖnvqY 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
mviYx 6| Kªgk|
RvZ exR ecb Pvivi eqm Pvivi `~iZ¡ mvwii `~iZ¡ dmj KZ©b
(w`b) (†mwg) (†mwg)
weAvi3 15-30 KvwZ©K 40-45 15 25 5-20 •ekvL
weAvi6 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi7 20 KvwZ©K-5 AMÖnvqY 40-45 15 20 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi8 20 KvwZ©K-5 AMÖnvqY 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi9 20 KvwZ©K-5 AMÖnvqY 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi12 15-30 KvwZ©K 45-50 15 25 5-20 •ekvL
weAvi14 20 KvwZ©K-5 AMÖnvqY 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi15 15-30 KvwZ©K 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi16 15-30 KvwZ©K 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weAvi17 15-30 KvwZ©K 40-45 15 25 20 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
weAvi18 15-30 KvwZ©K 45-50 15 25 5-20 •ekvL
weAvi19 15-30 KvwZ©K 45-50 15 25 5-20 •ekvL
weAvi26 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 25 •PÎ-10 •ekvL
weª avb28 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 20 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
weª avb29 15-30 KvwZ©K 40-50 15 25 5-20 •ekvL
weª avb35 20 KvwZ©K-5 AMÖnvqY 40-45 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weª avb36 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 20 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
weª avb45 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 20-25 •PÎ
weª avb47 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 20 20 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
weª avb50 10-20 KvwZ©K 35-40 15 20 25 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
weª avb55 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-45 15 25 25 •PÎ-10 •ekvL
weª avb58 1-15 AMÖnvqY 45-60 15 25 27 •PÎ-12 •ekvL
weª avb59 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weª avb60 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weª avb61 1-15 AMÖnvqY 35-40 15 25 1-15 •ekvL
weª nvBweªW avb1 1-30 AMÖnvqY 30-35 15 20 5-20 •ekvL
weª nvBweªW avb2 1-30 AMÖnvqY 30-35 15 20 25 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
weª nvBweªW avb3 1-30 AMÖnvqY 30-35 15 25 •PÎ-5 •ekvL
*bvwe RvZ wn‡m‡e Pv‡li Rb¨ Pvivi eqm 40-50 w`b n‡Z n‡e|
Pviv DVv‡bv
exRZjvq †ewk K‡i cvwb w`‡q †e‡Wi gvwU big K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Ggbfv‡e Pviv DVv‡Z
n‡e †hb Pvivi KvÛ gyP‡o ev †f‡½ bv hvq| DVv‡bv Pvivi gvwU KvV ev nv‡Z AvQvo w`‡Z
mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, wkKo wQu‡o †M‡j Pviv K‡ó mvg‡j
I‡V, wKš‘ KvÛ †f‡½ ev gyP‡o †M‡j Ac~iYxq ¶wZ nq| †mRb¨ Pviv DVv‡bvi ci IB
Pvivi cvZv w`‡q evwÛj euvavI DwPZ bq| ïK‡bv Lo wfwR‡q wb‡q evwÛj euva‡Z n‡e|
Pviv enb
exRZjv †_‡K †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ Pviv enb Kivi mgq cvZv I KvÛ †gvov‡bv cwinvi Ki‡Z
n‡e| GRb¨ Szwo ev UzKwi‡Z mvwi K‡i mvwR‡q cwienb Kiv DwPZ| e Íve›`x K‡i av‡bi
Pviv †Kvbµ‡gB enb Kiv DwPZ bq|
Rwg •Zwi
†hme GjvKvi gvwU AwaK mgq RjgMœ _vKvi Kvi‡Y big _v‡K †mme Rwgi AvMvQv
cwi®‥vi K‡i webv Pv‡l avb †ivcY Ki‡jI Avkvbyiƒc djb cvIqv hvq| Gme Rwg‡Z
dj‡bi Dci Pv‡li cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq bv| Rwgi Dcwifv‡Mi gvÎ 8-10
†mw›UwgUvi µgvMZ Pv‡li Rb¨ Abye©i n‡j wKwÂr Mfxi Pvl fvj djb †c‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i| Pvl mivmwi av‡bi djb bv evov‡jI G‡Z †ivcY cieZ©x cwiPh©v mnRZi nq|
gvwUi cÖKvi‡f‡` 3-5 evi Pvl I gB w`‡jB P‡j|
Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv cvwb w`‡q gvwUi cÖKvi‡f‡` 2-3wU Pvl I gB w`‡Z n‡e †hb gvwU
_K_‡K Kv`vgq nq| Rwg DuPzwbPz _vK‡j gB I †Kv`vj w`‡q mgvb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
mwVK c×wZ‡Z, mgqg‡Zv Ges DËgiƒ‡c Rwg •Zwi Ki‡j cÖv_wgKfv‡e †hme AvMvQv
Rb¥vq Zv‡`i `gb mnR nq| fvjfv‡e Rwg •Zwi Ki‡j †hme DcKvi cvIqv hvq
†m¸‡jv n‡jv-
DËgiƒ‡c Kv`v K‡i Rwg •Zwi Ki‡j e„wó ev †m‡Pi cvwbi AcPq Kg nq|
cÖ_g Pv‡li ci Aš—Z mvZ w`b ch©šÍ Rwg‡Z cvwb AvU‡K ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| Gi d‡j
Rwgi AvMvQv, Lo BZ¨vw` c‡P hv‡e| AvMvQv, Lo BZ¨vw` cP‡bi d‡j Mv‡Qi
Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e †h A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡`¨vcv`vb Drcbœ nq Zv
Rwg‡ZB gRy` _v‡K|
Kv`v K‡i Rwg •Zwi Ki‡j gvwU‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi k~b¨ Íi m„wó nIqvi d‡j bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv †e‡o hvq|
DËgiƒ‡c Kv`v Kiv Rwg‡Z AwZ mn‡R av‡bi Pviv †ivcY Kiv hvq; Ges
GiKg Rwg mgZj nq Ges †m‡Pi cvwb Rwg‡Z mgvbfv‡e Rg‡Z cv‡i|
†kl Pvl I gB †`qvi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb RwgUv h‡_ó mgZj nq| †kl
Pv‡li mgq Aby‡gvw`Z nv‡i mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e (mviYx 7)| AvDk avb KvU‡Z †`ix
n‡j cieZ©x Avgb av‡bi Pvl bvwe nq, d‡j Ddkx av‡bi djb Kg nq| G Kvi‡Y
AvDk avb KvUvi ci ciB Pviv †ivcY Kiv `iKvi| G‡Z Avg‡bi Pvivi †Kvb ¶wZ
nq bv|
Pviv †ivcY
mvaviYfv‡e AvD‡k 20-25 w`‡bi, †ivcv Avg‡b 25-30 w`‡bi Ges †ev‡iv‡Z 35-45
w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY Kiv DwPZ| †ivc‡Yi mgq Rwg‡Z wQcwQ‡c cvwb _vK‡jB P‡j| cÖwZ
¸wQ‡Z GKwU K‡i m‡ZR Pviv †ivcY KivB h‡_ó| G nv‡i †ivcY Ki‡j GK †n±i
Rwg‡Z 8-10 †KwR ex‡Ri Pviv jv‡M| cÖ‡qvR‡b 2-3wU ch©šÍ Pviv GK ¸wQ‡Z †ivcY
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ZLb wظY nv‡i ex‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| gvwUi 2-3 †mw›UwgUvi
MfxiZvq Pviv †ivcY Kiv DËg| mwVK MfxiZvq Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j Pvivi evo-evowZ
`ªæZ ïiæ nq Ges Kzwki msL¨v †e‡o hvq|
mvwi‡Z Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| mvwi †_‡K mvwii ~iZ¡ n‡e 20-25 †mw›UwgUvi
Ges mvwi‡Z MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Qi `~iZ¡ eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e 15-20 †mw›UwgUvi| G welqwU
AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, KviY wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z wbw`©ó msL¨K ¸wQ _vK‡j wbw ©ó djb n‡e|
Pviv †ivc‡Yi 7-10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb Pviv gviv †M‡j †mLv‡b bZzb Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z
n‡e| mvwie×fv‡e Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j wbovwb hš¿ e¨envi Kiv mnR nq Ges Zv‡Z LiP
K‡g| ¸wU BDwiqv e¨envi Ki‡j BDwiqv mv‡ii LiP K‡g Ges cÖZ¨vwkZ djb cvIqv
hvq| Dciš‘ mwVK ~i‡Z¡ Pviv †ivcY n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K MvQ mgvb Av‡jv, evZvm I mvi
MÖn‡Yi myweav cv‡e; Avi Zv fvj dj‡b mnvqK n‡e| mviYx 6-G RvZ †f‡` Pvivi
eqm, †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Qi Ges mvwi †_‡K mvwii ~iZ¡ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
av‡bi wØ-†ivcY c×wZ
Rjve×Zv, c~e©eZ©x dmj KZ©‡b wej¤^ ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ
Rwg‡Z †ivcY wejw¤Z nq Z‡e †ewk eq‡mi Pviv e¨env‡ii cwie‡Z© wØ-†ivcY c×wZ‡Z
avb †ivcY GKwU fvj cÖhyw³| G cÖhyw³ iscyi A‡j Ô†evjbÕ Ges Rvgvjcyi A‡j
ÔMvwQÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G c×wZ‡Z av‡bi Pviv exRZjv n‡Z D‡Ëvjb K‡i Ab¨ Rwg‡Z
Nb K‡i 10 × 10 †mw›UwgUvi `~i‡Z¡ mvgwqKfv‡e †ivcY Kiv nq Ges Avgb †g․my‡g
25-30 w`b ci Ges †ev‡iv †g․my‡g 30-40 w`b ci Avevi D‡Ëvjb K‡i g~j Rwg‡Z
20 × 20 †mw›UwgUvi `~i‡Z¡ †ivcY (wØ-†ivcY) Kiv nq| Nb K‡i mvgwqKfv‡e
†ivcYK…Z Rwg‡Z GK-PZy_©vsk Pviv †i‡L w`‡q Pv‡li AvIZvq ivLvi cvkvcvwk evwK
wZb-PZz_©vsk Pviv w`‡q 4 ¸Y Rwg‡Z wej‡¤ wØ-†ivcY Kiv m¤¢e| wØ-†ivcYK…Z Rwg‡Z
mvgwqKfv‡e †ivcYK…Z Rwg n‡Z 30 w`b ci Pviv D‡Ëvjb K‡i †ivcY Kiv n‡jI wØ-
†ivcYK…Z Rwgi dmj mvgwqKfv‡e †ivcYK…Z Rwg n‡Z gvÎ 10-15 w`b c‡iB KZ©b
Kiv m¤¢e| wØ-†ivcYK…Z Rwgi djb mwVK mg‡q mvgwqKfv‡e †ivcYK…Z dmj n‡Z 10-
15% Kg n‡Z cv‡i| wØ-†ivcY c×wZ‡Z AwaK RxebKvj m¤úbœ RvZ †hgb †ev‡iv
†g․my‡g weª avb29 Ges Avgb †g․my‡g weª avb49 ¯í RxebKvj m¤úbœ RvZ A‡c¶v
AwaK Dc‡hvMx| wØ-†ivc‡Yi gva¨‡g Av‡jvK-Ams‡e`bkxj RvZI †m‡Þ¤i gv‡mi †kl
w`‡K †ivcY K‡i †n±i cÖwZ 3 U‡bi AwaK djb cvIqv m¤¢e| wØ-†ivc‡Yi gva¨‡g Pvivi
D‛PZv e„w× Kiv hvq, d‡j AMfxi Rjve× Ae¯’vqI †ivcY Kiv m¤¢e nq| ZvQvov G
c×wZ‡Z cÖavb Rwg‡Z dm‡ji RxebKvj Kgv‡bv hvq, hv cÖvwšÍK Liv Gov‡Z mnvqZv
K‡i| AwaKš‘ G c×wZ‡Z AwaK eq‡mi Pvivi Kvi‡Y djb n«v‡mi SuzwK Kgv‡bv hvq|
mvi e¨e¯’vcbv
mv‡ii gvÎv
fvj dj‡bi Rb¨ mylg mv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z ywU wel‡qi
cÖwZ we‡kl bRi ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gZ, AvenvIqv I gvwUi De©iZvi gvb hvPvB Ges
av‡bi RvZ, RxebKvj I djb gvÎvi Dci wfwË K‡i mv‡ii gvÎv wVK Kiv|
wØZxqZ, mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×i Rb¨ †Kvb mvi KLb I wKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e
Zv wba©viY Kiv| mvi e¨envi K‡i AwaK Drcv`b I Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqvB mK‡ji
Kvg¨| K‡qKwU mv‡ii cieZ©x dm‡ji Dci cÖfve _vKvq mvi cÖ‡qvM GKK dmj-wfwËK
bv K‡i dmjPµ-wfwËK KivB fvj|
†g․myg I wewfbœ Rv‡Zi RxebKvj I dj‡bi ZviZg¨ †f‡` wewfbœ mv‡ii gvÎv
gvSvwi Mo Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨ mvaviY e¨env‡ii Rb¨ mviYx 7-G D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aek¨ gvwUi De©iZv I dj‡bi j¶¨gvÎvi Dci wfwË K‡i DwjwLZ gvÎv Kg-†ewk n‡Z
cv‡i| •Re mvi, †hgb •aÂv ev Wvj RvZxq dmj, †Mvei ev cPv AveR©bv e¨env‡ii cÖwZ
we‡kl bRi †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| •Re mv‡ii mv‡_ ivmvqwbK mvi mgšq K‡i e¨envi Ki‡j
ivmvqwbK mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cvq I fvj djb cvIqv hvq|
mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi wbqgvejx : avbMv‡Qi evo-evowZi wewfbœ av‡c wewfbœ gvÎvq
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ev BDwiqv mv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| cÖ_g w`‡Ki Kzwk MRv‡bvi mgq BDwiqv
mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zv †_‡K MvQ cÖ‡qvRbxq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i Kvh©Kix Kzwki msL¨v
evwo‡q †`q| m‡e©v‛P Kzwk Drcv`b †_‡K KvBP‡_vo Avmv Aewa A_©vr Qovi evo-evowZi
mgq MvQ cÖ‡qvRbxq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †c‡j cÖwZ Qovi cyó av‡bi msL¨v ev‡o| me‡k‡l dzj
Avmvi ci avbMvQ †h bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i Zv av‡bi `vbv cyó Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i, d‡j
av‡bi IRb e„w× cvq| AZGe BDwiqv mvi e¨env‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv, cÖ_g w`‡KB
Pvivi Kzwki msL¨v evov‡bv| KviY mvaviYZ cÖ_g w`‡Ki Kzwk‡ZB Qov fvj nq| ZvB
cÖ_g w`‡K Kzwk evov‡bv Ges †mme Kzwk‡K mej ivLvi Rb¨ Rwgi De©iZvi Dci wbf©i
K‡i cÖ_g wKw¯—i BDwiqvmn Ab¨vb¨ me cÖ‡qvRbxq mvi Rwg •Zwii †kl ch©v‡q wQwU‡q
cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e (mviYx 7)| ïay BDwiqv mvi ga¨g I
DËg De©i Rwg‡Z Pviv k³ K‡i `uvov‡bvi ci ciB e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvi †`qvi
mgq Aek¨B gvwU‡Z cÖPzi im _vKv `iKvi| ïK‡bv Rwg‡Z wKsev Rwg‡Z †ewk cvwb
_vK‡j A_ev avbMv‡Qi cvZvq cvwb R‡g _vK‡j BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv wVK bq|
mv‡ii DcwicÖ‡qvM K‡i wbovwb hš¿ ev DBWvi w`‡q AvMvQv cwi®‥vi Ki‡j mv‡ii
Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cvq| gvwUi mv‡_ mvi wgkv‡bvi 2-3 w`b ci Rwg‡Z chv©ß cwigvY cvwb
ivLv `iKvi| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq I c×wZ wel‡q Av‡iv wKQy civgk© :
•Re mvi e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e n‡j Zv cÖ_g Pv‡li mgqB Rwg‡Z mgfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| •Re mvi Lwic †g․my‡g e¨envi KivB mgxPxb|
BDwiqv Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mvi †hgb wUGmwc, wgD‡iU Ae cUvk, wRcmvg, wRsK
mvj‡dU gvÎvbyhvqx (mviYx 7) Rwg •Zwii †kl ch©v‡q wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM K‡i Pvl w`‡q
gvwUi mv‡_ fvj K‡i wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †e‡j gvwU‡Z cUvk mvi `yÕwKw ͇Z
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wZb fv‡Mi yÕfvM Rwg •Zwii †kl mgq Ges GK-Z…Zxqvsk
KvBP‡_vo Avmvi 5-7 w`b Av‡M cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
wRsK mvj‡dU mvi dmjP‡µi †Kv‡bv GKwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zv cieZ©x yÕwU
dm‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM bv Ki‡jI Pj‡e|
BDwiqv mv‡ii cieZ©x dm‡ji Dci cÖfve bv _vKvq cÖ‡Z¨K dm‡jB BDwiqv mvi
gvÎvbyhvqx e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
BDwiqv mvi gvwU‡Z ¶Y¯’vqx Ges AcPq n‡q hvIqvi Avk¼v Lye †ewk| ZvB
avbPv‡l BDwiqv mvi mvaviYZ wZb wKw¯—‡Z mgvb fv‡M fvM K‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e †e‡j gvwU‡Z Pvi wKw ͇Z cÖ‡qvM KivB mgxPxb|
Rwg‡Z wQcwQ‡c cvwb _vKv Ae¯’vq BDwiqv mvi mgfv‡e wQUv‡bvi ci nvZwo‡q ev
wbovwb w`‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z cvi‡j fvj djb Avkv Kiv hvq|
†h Rwg‡Z ` Ív ev M܇Ki Afve Av‡Q †m Rwg •Zwii mgq MÜK I ` Ív mvi
e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y Zv e¨envi Kiv bv n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j
Mv‡Qi MÜK/` Ívi AfveRwbZ j¶Y ey‡S mvi w`‡Z n‡e|
mviYx 7| †gŠmyg I wewfbœ Rv‡Zi weª av‡bi RxebKvj I dj‡bi ZviZg¨ †f‡` wewfbœ mv‡ii gvÎv|
†gŠmyg RxebKvj BDwiqv-wUGmwc-GgIwc- cÖ‡qvM c×wZ
wRcmvg-`¯Ív (g‡bvnvB‡WªU)
cÖwZ weNvq †KwR wn‡m‡e
†ev‡iv 150 w`‡bi 40-13-16-15-1.5 wbgœ De©i Rwg
†ewk (`xN© 1g wKw Í : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
†gqvw` RvZ) mvi Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©|
2q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi †MvQvq 4-5wU
Kzwk †`Lv w`‡j|
3q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvB‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
150 w`‡bi 35-13-16-15-1.5 ga¨g-DËg De©i Rwg
Kg (¯^í †gqvw` 1g wKw¯Í : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
RvZ I weª avb50 mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`b c‡i|
(myMwÜ) 2q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi
30-35 w`b c‡i|
3q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvBP‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
wUGmwc, GgIwc, MÜK (wRcmvg) I ` Ív
mv‡ii cy‡ivUvB Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
nvIo A‡ji 27-12-16-8-1.5 *KvBP‡_v‡oi c‡i hw` bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi
RvZ Afve cwijw¶Z nq, Z‡e weNv cÖwZ 4-5
†KwR BDwiqv mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
†ivcv †ivcv AvD‡ki 17-7-8-0-0 1g wKw¯— : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
AvDk RvZ (mviYx 2) mvi Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©|
2q wKw¯— : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi †MvQvq 4-5wU
Kzwk †`Lv w`‡j|
3q wKw¯— : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvBP‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
wUGmwc, GgIwc, MÜK (wRcmvg) I ` Ív
mv‡ii cy‡ivUvB Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivcv 145 w`‡bi †ewk 26-7-11-8-0 wbgœ De©i Rwg
Avgb `xN© †gqvw` RvZ 1g wKw¯— : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
(myMwÜ RvZ mvi Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©|
e¨ZxZ) 2q wKw¯— : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi †MvQvq 4-5wU
Kzwk †`Lv w`‡j|
3q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvBP‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
†ivcv 135-145 w`b 20-7-11-8-0 ga¨g-DËg De©i Rwg
Avgb (ga¨g †gqvw` 1g wKw¯— : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
RvZ) mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi 7-10 w`b c‡i|
2q wKw¯— : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi
25-30 w`b c‡i|
3q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvBP‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
wUGmwc, GgIwc, MÜK (wRcmvg) I ` Ív
mv‡ii cy‡ivUvB Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
125 w`‡bi Kg 17-7-11-8-0 1g wKw Í : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
(¯^í †gqvw` RvZ) mvi Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©|
2q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi †MvQvq 4-5wU
Kzwk †`Lv w`‡j|
3q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvBP‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
wUGmwc, GgIwc, MÜK (wRcmvg) I ` Ív
mv‡ii cy‡ivUvB Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
Av‡jvK- 23-7-11-8-0 1g wKw Í : `yB-Z…Zxqvsk (2/3) BDwiqv
ms‡e`bkxj mvi Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©|
(bvwe RvZ) 2q wKw Í : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
mvi KvBP‡_vo Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
wUGmwc, GgIwc, MÜK (wRcmvg) I ` Ív
mv‡ii cy‡ivUvB Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
myMwÜ RvZ I 12-7-8-4-0 1g wKw Í : GK-Z…Zxqvsk (1/3) BDwiqv
weª avb32 mvi Rwg †kl Pv‡l c~‡e©|
2q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi †MvQvq 4-5wU
Kzwk †`Lv w`‡j|
3q wKw Í : 1/3 BDwiqv mvi KvBP‡_vo
Avmvi 5-7 w`b c~‡e©|
wUGmwc, GgIwc, MÜK (wRcmvg) I ` Ív
mv‡ii cy‡ivUvB Rwg †kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
MÜK Ges ` Ív mvi cÖ‡qvM
BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi c‡iI avbMvQ hw` nj‡` _v‡K Ges evo-evowZ Kg nq Zvn‡j
M܇Ki Afve n‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î Zvr¶wYK c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e Rwg
†_‡K cvwb mwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e| AZtci weNv cÖwZ 8 †KwR wRcmvg mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM
Ki‡j fvj djb cvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq wRcmvg mvi gvwU wKsev QvB
A_ev BDwiqv DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi mv‡_ wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Kiv fvj| hw` avbMvQ gv‡S g‡a¨
Lv‡Uv ev e‡m hvq Ges cyi‡bv cvZvq gi‡P cov ev`vwg iO †_‡K Kgjv †jeyi iO aviY
K‡i Ges av‡bi Kzwk Kg _v‡K ZLb `¯—vi Afve n‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv hvq| G‡¶‡ÎI
Rwg †_‡K cvwb mwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Zvici weNv cÖwZ 1.5 †KwR ` Ív mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
wewfbœ gvÎvi De©i Rwg
wbgœ De©i : †h Rwg †ev‡iv †g․my‡g mvi Qvov †n±i cÖwZ 1.0-1.5 U‡bi Kg djb †`q
Ges Avgb †g․my‡g †n±i cÖwZ 2.0-2.5 U‡bi Kg djb †`q|
ga¨g De©i : †h Rwg †ev‡iv †g․my‡g mvi Qvov †n±i cÖwZ 3.0-3.5 U‡bi Kg djb
†`q Ges Avgb †g․my‡g †n±i cÖwZ 3.5 U‡bi Kg djb †`q|
DËg De©i : †h Rwg †ev‡iv †g․my‡g mvi Qvov †n±i cÖwZ 4.0 U‡bi †ewk djb †`q
Ges Avgb †g․my‡g †n±i cÖwZ 3.5-4.0 U‡bi †ewk djb †`q|
BDwiqv mvi e¨e¯’vcbvq Gjwmwm
wjd Kvjvi PvU© ev Gjwmwm cvw÷‡Ki •Zwi Pvi iO wewkó GKwU †¯‥j (wPÎ 2)|
Gjwmwm c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡j avbMv‡Qi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
d‡j BDwiqv mv‡ii LiP Kgv‡bv I AcPq †iva Kiv hvq Ges Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cvq|
†`Lv †M‡Q, Gjwmwm e¨env‡i kZKiv 20-25 fvM BDwiqv mvkªq Kiv hvq| avbMv‡Q
me‡P‡q Dc‡ii cy‡ivcywi †ei nIqv KwP cvZvi gvSvgvwS Ask Gjwmwmi Dci ’vcb
K‡i cvZvi i‡Oi MvpZ¡ Zzjbv Ki‡Z n‡e (wPÎ 3)| cvZvi iO Gjwmwmi †h †KvVvi
mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e Zvi gvbB n‡e cvZvi Gjwmwm gvb| hw` cvZvi iO Gjwmwmi cvkvcvwk
`yÕwU i‡Oi gvSvgvwS nq, Zvn‡j D³ `yÕwU b¤^‡ii Mo gvbB n‡e cvZvi Gjwmwm gvb|
Gjwmwm e¨env‡ii wbqg mviYx 8-G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wPÎ 2| wjd Kvjvi PvU© (Gjwmwm)|
mviYx 8| avb †¶‡Z BDwiqv mvi DcwicÖ‡qv‡M Gjwmwm e¨env‡ii wbqgvejx|
welq Avgb †gŠmyg †ev‡iv †gŠmyg
†ivcv avb †evbv avb †ivcv avb †evbv avb
Gjwmwm-i wµwUK¨vj 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0
gvb
cÖ_gevi iO gvcv †ivc‡Yi 15 ec‡bi 15 †ivc‡Yi 15- ec‡bi 25
ïiæ w`b ci w`b ci 21 w`b ci w`b ci
†klevi iO gvcv †_vo Ae¯’v †_vo Ae¯’v †_vo Ae¯’v †_vo Ae¯’v
cÖ_g I †kl gv‡ci 10 w`b 10 w`b 10 w`b 10 w`b
gv‡S KZw`b ci ci
iO gvc‡Z n‡e
cÖwZevi iO gvcvi 10wU †MvQv Ges cÖwZ 10wU †MvQv Ges cÖwZ
mgq GKwU Rwg‡Z †MvQvi me‡P‡q †MvQvq me‡P‡q
KqwU †MvQv I †MvQv Dc‡ii m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Dc‡ii m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
cÖwZ KqwU cvZvi cÖmvwiZ 1wU cvZv cÖmvwiZ 1wU cvZv
iO gvc‡Z n‡e
BDwiqv mvi Dcwi- 10wU Gjwmwm gv‡bi 10wU Gjwmwm gv‡bi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi wm×vš— g‡a¨ Kgc‡¶ 6wU ev g‡a¨ Kgc‡¶ 6wU ev
Zvi †ewk hw` wµwUK¨vj Zvi †ewk hw` wµwUK¨vj
gv‡bi Kg nq Zvn‡j gv‡bi Kg nq Zvn‡j
BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e Ki‡Z n‡e
BDwiqv mvi Dcwi- cÖwZ DcwicÖ‡qv‡M cÖwZ DcwicÖ‡qv‡M
cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY cÖwZ 33 kZvs‡k cÖwZ 33 kZvs‡k
7.5 †KwR BDwiqv 9 †KwR BDwiqv
we‡kl `ªóe¨: gvc †bqvi Zvwi‡L mvi †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j 5 w`b ci Avevi †g‡c cÖ‡qvR‡b mvi w`‡Z
n‡e|
Gjwmwm e¨env‡i civgk©
avbMvQ †_‡K cvZv wQu‡o Gjwmwmi gvb wbY©q Kiv DwPZ bq|
wbe©vwPZ cvZvwU †ivM ev †cvKvi AvµgY gy³ n‡Z n‡e|
cvZvi iO cwigv‡ci mgq m~‡h©i Av‡jv Gjwmwmi Ic‡i co‡j gvc mwVK n‡e bv|
ZvB kix‡ii Qvqvq †i‡L Gjwmwm w`‡q avb Mv‡Qi cvZvi iO wgjv‡Z n‡e|
mKvj 9-11Uv ev weKvj 2-4Uv Gjwmwm w`‡q cvZvi iO wgjv‡bvi DËg mgq|
¸wU BDwiqv e¨envi
¸wU BDwiqv n‡jv, BDwiqv mvi w`‡q
•Zwi eo AvKv‡ii ¸wU hv †`L‡Z
b¨vc_vwjb U¨ve‡j‡Ui g‡Zv (wPÎ 4)|
¸wU BDwiqv e¨env‡i mv‡ii Kvh©KwiZv
kZKiv 20-25 fvM e„w× cvq| d‡j
BDwiqv mvi Kg jv‡M| Avevi ¸wU
BDwiqv Rwg‡Z GKeviB cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
nq| Gici memgq Mv‡Qi cÖ‡qvRb
Abyhvqx bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mieivn _vKvq
Mv‡Qi †Kvb myß ¶zav _v‡K bv|
¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~e© kZ© n‡jv,
avb †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e mvwie×fv‡e (wPÎ
wPÎ 3| Gjwmwm e¨envi|
wPÎ 4| ¸wU BDwiqv|
5)| mvwi †_‡K mvwi Ges †MvQv †_‡K
†MvQvi ~iZ¡ n‡e 20 †mw›UwgUvi (8
BwÂ)| †ev‡iv †g․my‡g Pviv †ivc‡Yi 10-
15 w`b Ges AvDk I Avgb †g․my‡g
Pviv †ivc‡Yi 7-10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZ
Pvi †MvQvi gvSLv‡b 3-4 Bw Kv`vi
Mfx‡i ¸wU cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e (wPÎ 5)|
Rwg‡Z me mgq cÖ‡qvRbxq 2-3
†mw›UwgUvi cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ
AvDk I Avgb av‡bi Rb¨ 1.8 MÖvg
IR‡bi GKwU ¸wU Ges †ev‡iv av‡bi
Rb¨ 2.7 MÖvg IR‡bi GKwU ¸wU e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi †n±i cÖwZ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
gvÎv `uvovq h_vµ‡g 50 I 75 †KwR|
d‡j AvDk I Avgb †g․my‡g cÖwZ †n±‡i
65 †KwR Ges †ev‡iv †g․my‡g 80-100
†KwR BDwiqv mvkªq nq|
•Re mvi cÖ‡qvM
•Re mvi‡K gvwUi De©iZv kw³i PvjK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| ZvB •Re ev meyR mvi
(cPv †Mvei, AveR©bv, K‡¤úv÷, •aÂv BZ¨vw`) Rwg‡Z eQ‡i GKevi n‡jI weNv cÖwZ
700-800 †KwR (Av`ª©Zv 60-70%) cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| dmj P‡µi cÖ_‡g (Lwid
L‡›`) †h Rwg‡Z •Re mvi e¨envi Kiv n‡e †m Rwg‡Z cieZx© avb dm‡j BDwiqv mvi
wba©vwiZ gvÎvi GK-Z…Zxqvsk Kg e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| wUGmwc I GgIwc mvi A‡a©K
gvÎvq e¨envi K‡iI Avkvbyiƒc djb cvIqv hv‡e| GQvov avb KvUvi mgq Mv‡Qi †Mvov
†_‡K 25-30 †mw›UwgUvi Dc‡i †K‡U Zv gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q w`‡j cUvk mv‡ii cwigvY
cÖ‡qvM gvÎvi †P‡q GK-Z…Zxqvsk Kg jv‡M| hw` weNv cÖwZ †iv‡` ïKv‡bv 700 †KwR
av‡bi Lo Rwg •Zwii 5-7 w`b c~‡e© gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †`qv hvq Z‡e D³ †g․my‡g
cUvk mvi e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
•Re mvi wn‡m‡e gyiwMi weôv cÖ‡qvM
av‡bi Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ ivmvqwbK mv‡ii e¨envi Acwinvh©| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b ivmvqwbK
mv‡ii g~j¨ e„w× I mgqg‡Zv cÖvc¨Zvi †¶‡Î A‡bK mgq mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| G‡¶‡Î
gyiwMi weôv (†cvjwUª wjUvi) ivmvqwbK mv‡ii mv‡_ e¨envi Ki‡j ivmvqwbK mvi Kg
jvM‡e| KviY G‡Z i‡q‡Q Mv‡Qi cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ Lv`¨ Dcv`vb| Z`ycwi gyiwMi weôv
Zzjbvg~jK m¯—v|
cÖ‡qvM c×wZ : Avgb †g․my‡g cÖwZ weNv Rwg‡Z (33 kZvsk) 500 †KwR I †ev‡iv
†g․my‡g 800 †KwR gyiwMi weôv (hvi g‡a¨ 60-70 fvM cvwb _v‡K) cÖ‡qvM Kiv DËg|
gyiwMi weôvq Pvwn`v Abymv‡i dmdivm we`¨gvb _vKvq cÖ‡qvMK…Z Rwg‡Z H †g․my‡g
wUGmwc mvi e¨envi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Z‡e bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afve cwijw¶Z n‡j
cwiwgZ gvÎvq BDwiqv mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM K‡i AviI fvj djb cvIqv hv‡e| G‡¶‡Î
cUvk mvi wba©vwiZ gvÎvq e¨envi Ki‡j fvj n‡e| gyiwMi weôv cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci gvwUi mv‡_
fvj K‡i wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| gyiwMi weôv †d«k ev 25-30 w`b cPv‡bv, yB Ae¯’vqB
e¨envi Kiv hvq| Z‡e †d«k e¨envi Ki‡j gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-4 w`b ci Pviv †ivcY
Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j †ivc‡Yi ci wKQz Pviv gviv †h‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ Pviv †ivc‡Yi
ci Aš—Z 14 w`b ch©š— Rwg‡Z cvwb a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| Aciw`‡K 25-30 w`‡bi
cPv‡bv weôv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j mv‡_ mv‡_B Pviv †ivcY Kiv hv‡e| G‡Z Pviv gviv hv‡e bv|
K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj I gvwUi De©iZv-wfwËK mvi cÖ‡qvM
mylg gvÎvq mvi e¨envi dmj, gvwU Ges cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ fvj| G Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Rvb‡Z
n‡e K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj-wfwËK gvwUi De©iZv †kªYx (mviYx 9) Ges Rwg †Kvb K…wl
cwi‡ek A‡ji AšÍf©~³| wPÎ 6-G †Rjv- Dc‡Rjv-wfwËK K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj †`Lv‡bv
n‡jv| †m Abyhvqx mviYx 10-G †g․myg-wfwËK mv‡ii mylg gvÎvi mycvwik †`Iqv Av‡Q|
mviYx 9| K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj-wfwËK gvwUi De©iZvi †kªYx wefvM|
K…wl cwi‡ek gvwUi De©iZvi †kªYx
AÂj
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb dmdivm cUvwmqvg MÜK ` Ív
1 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ
2 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ
3 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ
4 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
5 wbgœ wbgœ ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
6 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
7 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
8 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g
9 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
10 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ
11 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
12 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
13 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ cwiwgZ-D‛P cwiwgZ-D‛P wbgœ-ga¨g
14 cwiwgZ-D‛P wbgœ cwiwgZ D‛P wbgœ
15 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ ga¨g-cwiwgZ ga¨g
16 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ ga¨g-cwiwgZ wbgœ-ga¨g
17 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ
18 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ wbgœ-ga¨g
19 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
20 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g
21 wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ ga¨g-cwiwgZ
22 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ ga¨g
23 wbgœ AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g ga¨g-cwiwgZ wbgœ-ga¨g
24 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g cwiwgZ-D‛P wbgœ
25 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
26 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g
27 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g
28 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g
29 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g wbgœ-ga¨g
30 AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ wbgœ-ga¨g
mviYx 10| djb gvÎv, †gŠmyg I gvwUi De©iZv-wfwËK mvi cÖ`v‡bi mycvwik|
De©iZvi †kªYx cÖwZ kZvs‡k mv‡ii cwigvY (MÖvg)
BDwiqv wUGmwc/wWGwc GgIwc wRcmvg wR¼ mvj‡dU
†ev‡iv (djb gvÎv 7.5 ± 0.75 Ub/†n±i)
AwZ wbgœ 1750 700 840 472 75
AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ 1500 600 720 405 60
wbgœ 1250 500 600 337 45
wbgœ-gva¨g 1000 400 480 270 30
ga¨g 750 300 380 202 15
ga¨g-cwiwgZ 500 200 240 135 -
†ev‡iv (djb gvÎv 6.0 ± 0.60 Ub/†n±i)
AwZ wbgœ 1400 490 700 315 62
AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ 1200 420 600 270 50
wbgœ 1000 350 500 225 37
wbgœ-gva¨g 800 280 400 180 25
ga¨g 600 210 300 135 12
ga¨g-cwiwgZ 400 140 200 90 -
†ivcv Avgb (djb gvÎv 5.0 ± 0.50 Ub/†n±i)
AwZ wbgœ 945 350 472 315 50
AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ 810 300 405 270 40
wbgœ 675 250 337 225 30
wbgœ-gva¨g 540 200 270 180 20
ga¨g 405 150 202 135 10
ga¨g-cwiwgZ 270 100 135 90 -
†ivcv AvDk (djb gvÎv 4.0 ± 0.40 Ub/†n±i)
AwZ wbgœ 787 280 420 131 50
AwZ wbgœ-wbgœ 675 240 360 198 40
wbgœ 562 200 300 165 30
wbgœ-gva¨g 450 160 240 132 20
ga¨g 337 120 180 99 10
ga¨g-cwiwgZ 225 80 120 66 -
`ªóe¨ : cÖwZ †KwR wWGwc mvi e¨env‡i 400 MÖvg BDwiqv mvi Kg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GmGmwc mvi
e¨envi Ki‡j mv‡ii gvÎv 2.5 ¸Y †ewk n‡e|
†fRvj mvi †Pbvi Dcvq
e¨vcK Pvwn`vi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖvqB Amvay e¨emvqx‡`i KvQ †_‡K †fRvj
mvi wK‡b K…lKiv cÖZvwiZ nb| ZvB mvi †Kbvi mgq mveavbZv Aej¤^b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
wKQz welq †R‡b ivL‡j mn‡RB †fRvj mvi †Pbv m¤¢e| wb‡P †fRvj mvi †Pbvi K‡qKwU
eûj cÖPwjZ aviYv †`qv n‡jv|
BDwiqv
evRv‡i BDwiqv mv‡ii `vg Ab¨vb¨ mv‡ii †P‡q Kg| eZ©gv‡b †QvU mv`v `vbv,
A‡c¶vK…Z eo AvK…wZi aea‡e mv`v `vbv`vi Ges wcÖj- GB wZb AvK…wZi mvi
evRviRvZ n‡‛Q| Z‡e j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e, Avmj BDwiqv mvi †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB ùwUK
AvK…wZi n‡e bv| G mvi cvwb‡Z M‡j hvq| G mvi †gkv‡bv cvwb Mv‡m wb‡j †Kvb
Zjvwb c‡o bv| Gi `ªeY nvjKv †Nvjv‡U iO aviY K‡i| `ªeYwUi Kv‡Pi Mvm nvZ w`‡q
¯úk© Ki‡j VvÊv Abyfe nq| GK gy‡Vv ïK‡bv BDwiqvi `vbv nv‡Z wb‡q wKQz¶Y ivLvi
ci †Q‡o w`‡j nv‡Zi Zvjy AvVv‡jv Abyfe nq|
wUGmwc
wUGmwc mvi mvaviYZ A¤ ¯^v`hy³ Ges SuvSv‡jv MÜ _v‡K| GKgy‡Vv wUGmwc mvi
bv‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡q k¦vm MÖnY Ki‡j Zxeª SuvSv‡jv MÜ Abyfe nq| GK PvgP wUGmwc mvi
Avav Mvm cvwb‡Z wgkv‡j ªexf~Z n‡q cwi®‥vi `ªeY •Zwi Ki‡e| †fRvj wUGmwc mvi
cvwb‡Z †Nvjv ªeY •Zwi Ki‡e| wUGmwc mvi cvwb‡Z Mj‡Z GKUz mgq jv‡M| Z‡e
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c M‡j hvq| †fRvj wUGmwc mvi m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c M‡j bv| Mv‡mi wb‡P Zjvwb
c‡o|
wUGmwc mvi Lye k³| ZvB `yB Av½y‡ji b‡Li gv‡S †i‡L Pvc w`‡j mn‡R ¸‡ov
n‡e bv| †fRvj wUGmwc mvi GKBfv‡e b‡Li Pvc w`‡j ¸‡ov n‡q hv‡e Ges ¸‡ov bvbv
i‡Oi n‡Z cv‡i|
GmGmwc
GK PvgP GmGmwc mvi Avav Møvm cvwb‡Z wgkv‡j Zv m¤ú~Y© `ªexf~Z n‡q †Nvjv‡U `ªeY
•Zwi K‡i| AwaKvsk mg‡qB G mvi ¸‡ov AvKv‡i cvIqv hvq| `vbv`vi GmGmwc mvi
A‡c¶vK…Z big nevi Kvi‡Y `y‡Uv ey‡ov Av½y‡ji b‡Li gv‡S †i‡L Pvc w`‡j mn‡R
†f‡½ hv‡e| Avmj mv‡ii mv‡_ 5-10% nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK Gwm‡Wi ªeY w`‡j †Kv‡bv ey`ey`
n‡e bv| †Kej W‡jvgvBU wgwkªZ _vK‡jB Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi ey`ey` Drcbœ n‡e|
wWGwc
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi wgkªY _vKvq gvbm¤§Z wWGwc mvi wKQz¶Y evZv‡m ivL‡j wf‡R I‡V|
KviY GUv evqygÛj †_‡K Av ©ªZv †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GdGgwc
wUGmwc mv‡ii g‡Zv GdGgwc ev wdDRW g¨vM‡bwmqvg dm‡dU mv‡iI SuvSv‡jv MÜ
_v‡K| Gi iOI A‡bKUv wUGmwc mv‡ii g‡Zv nIqvq A‡bK mgq wUGmwc mvi wn‡m‡e
GdGgwc evRv‡i wewµ n‡q _v‡K| GwU cvwb‡Z ªexfyZ nq bv|
Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mvi
evsjv‡`‡ki g„wËKv m¤ú‡`i De©iZvgvb h_vh_ ch©v‡q ivLvi mnR c×wZ wn‡m‡e K‡qK
eQi c~‡e© Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mv‡ii cÖPjb Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k miKvi dmj‡f‡` †gvU
QqwU †MÖ‡Wi Gbwc‡KGm mv‡ii wewb‡`©k Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b avb dm‡ji
Rb¨ 8-20-14-5 Ges Mg dm‡ji Rb¨ 12-15-20-6.5 Abycv‡Zi gvÎ yÕwU †MÖ‡Wi
Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mviB e¨vcKfv‡e evRviRvZ Kivi cÖeYZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| wgkª mvi
Pvi ai‡bi mij mv‡ii †f․Z wgkª‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxqfv‡e •Zwi Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k
miKvi †emiKvwi ch©v‡q G mvi •Zwii e¨vcv‡i wewfbœfv‡e Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡Q|
¯’vbxqfv‡e Gbwc‡KGm mvi g~jZ evRv‡i cÖPwjZ BDwiqv, wWGwc A_ev wUGmwc,
GgIwc I wRcmvg mv‡ii wewfbœ Abycv‡Z †f․Z wgkª‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
cÖK…wZ I aib
AwaKvsk †¶‡Î ¸YMZgvY we‡ePbvq bv †i‡L ïay Drcv`b LiP Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨
mwVK Abycv‡Z mij mvi¸‡jv bv wgwk‡q Kg Abycv‡Z G mKj mv‡ii †f․Z wgkªY
NUv‡bv nq|
GQvov †fRvj wn‡m‡e gvwU I W‡jvgvBU e¨envi K‡i †fRvj ev cywó Dcv`vb
NvUwZhy³ Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mvi cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
A‡bK †¶‡Î ïay gvwU‡Z iO wgwk‡q h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ `vbv`vi AvKvi w`‡q †fRvj
Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mvi wn‡m‡e evRviRvZ Kiv nq|
eZ©gv‡b AwaKvsk Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mv‡ii bgybvq †Kvb bv †Kvb Dcv`vb †hgb-
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dm‡dU, cUvk A_ev MÜK wbw ©ó cwigv‡Yi †P‡q A‡bK Kg _vKvq
dmj Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î G mvi †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Q|
kbv³Ki‡Yi c×wZ
Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mv‡ii †fRvj wewPÎ ai‡bi nIqvq gvV ch©v‡q G mv‡i †fRv‡ji
gvÎv I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Kiv mnR bq| Z‡e gvwU ev W‡jvgvBU w`‡q Kv‡jv i‡Oi
cÖ‡jcmn †fRvj Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mvi •Zwi Kiv n‡j Zv‡Z Av½y‡ji Pv‡c AwZ
mn‡RB ¸‡ov n‡q hv‡e| GQvov `vbvi wfZi I evB‡ii cÖ‡j‡ci iO Avjv`v n‡e|
gvwU w`‡q •Zwi Gbwc‡KGm wgkª mvi mn‡R wPwýZ Kiv hvq|
GgIwc mvi
evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ cUvk mv‡ii g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ n‡‛Q wgDwi‡qU Ae cUvk ev GgIwc
mvi| GgIwc mv‡i 50% cUvk (K) we`¨gvb| G mv‡ii iO mvaviYZ mv`v †_‡K nvjKv
ev Mvp jvj‡P n‡q _v‡K| G mvi †QvU †_‡K gvSvwi ùwUK AvK…wZi n‡q _v‡K| GgIwc
mv‡ii SuvSv‡jv MÜ ev ¯^v` †bB| el©vKv‡j GgIwc mvi †Lvjv Ae¯’vq †i‡L w`‡j evZvm
†_‡K Av ©ªZv †kvlY K‡i wf‡R DV‡e Ges µgvš‡q mv‡ii bgybvq Av`ª©Zvi cwigvY e„w×
cv‡e|
cÖK…wZ I aib
¯’vbxqfv‡e wewfbœ cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g GgIwc mv‡i †fRvj n‡q _v‡K| †fRvj GgIwc
mv‡ii aib I cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© wb‡P wKQz aviYv †`qv n‡jv :
GgIwc mv‡ii mv‡_ mv`v wgwn I †gvUv evwj jvj iO K‡i wgwk‡q †fRvj GgIwc
mvi •Zwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
GgIwc mv‡ii mv‡_ AvswkK Kv‡Pi ¸‡ov wgwk‡q †fRvj GgIwc mvi •Zwi Kiv n‡q
_v‡K|
KL‡bv KL‡bv mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y GgIwc mv‡ii mv‡_ Lvevi jeY wgwk‡q jvj iO K‡i
†fRvj GgIwc mvi •Zwi K‡i evRviRvZ Kiv nq|
g¨vM‡bwkqvg mvj‡dU mv‡i jvj iO wgwk‡q †fRvj GgIwc mvi •Zwi Kiv nq|
kbv³Ki‡Yi c×wZ
Avav Pv PvgP GgIwc mvi Avav Mvm cvwb‡Z †gkv‡j mwVK GgIwc mvi m¤ú~Y©
`ªexfyZ n‡q cwi®‥vi ªeY •Zwi Ki‡e|
mv‡ii bgybvq wKQz A`ªeYxq e¯‘ †hgb- evwj, Kv‡Pi ¸‡ov, wgwn mv`v cv_i, B‡Ui
¸‡ov BZ¨vw` †gkv‡j Zv Zjvwb AvKv‡i Mv‡mi wb‡P Rgv n‡e|
mv‡ii bgybvq jvj ev Ab¨ †Kvb iO †gkv‡j cvwbi iO †mB Abyhvqx n‡e Ges iO
†f‡m DV‡e| GQvov nv‡Z iO †j‡M hv‡e| mwVK GgIwc mv‡ii iO KL‡bv nv‡Z
†j‡M hv‡e bv|
m~Î : †fRvj mvi welqK Z_¨vw` GmAviwWAvB †_‡K msM„nxZ I cwigvwR©Z|
AvMvQv `gb
AvMvQv avbMv‡Qi mv‡_ Av‡jv, cvwb I Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß nq|
AvMvQv cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k mn‡R Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i Ges avbMv‡Qi †P‡q AwaK nv‡i
evo‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ AvMvQvi e„w× A‡bK †ewk nq| d‡j avbMv‡Qi e„w× e¨vnZ nq Ges
cwiYv‡g djb K‡g hvq| ZvQvov AvMvQv †cvKvgvKo I †ivMevjvB‡qi Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡e
c‡iv¶fv‡eI av‡bi ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| mvaviYZ Avgb I †ev‡iv †g․my‡gi †P‡q AvDk
†g․my‡g, we‡kl K‡i †evbv AvD‡k AvMvQvi Dc ªe †ewk nq| AvDk †g․my‡gi cÖ_g
e„wócv‡Zi ci Rwg‡Z `yÕGKwU Pvl w`‡q cwZZ Ae¯’vq †i‡L w`‡j AvMvQvi exR MwR‡q
I‡V| wKQzw`b ci cybivq gB w`‡q avb ecb Ki‡j AvMvQvi Dc ªe A‡bKvs‡k K‡g
hvq| †ivcv Rwg‡Z 5-10 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb ivL‡j Rwg‡Z AvMvQv Kg Rb¥vq|
wewfbœ av‡bi RvZ I †g․myg‡f‡` AvMvQvi mv‡_ avbMv‡Qi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfbœZv
j¶¨ Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ avbMvQ hZw`b gv‡V _v‡K (†ivc‡Yi ci †_‡K avb cvKv
ch©š—) Zvi wZb fv‡Mi cÖ_g GK fvM mgq AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡j Avkvbyiƒc djb cvIqv
hvq| AvDk I Avgb †g․my‡gi Rb¨ 30-40 w`b Ges †ev‡iv †g․my‡gi Rb¨ 40-50 w`b
Rwg AvMvQvgy³ ivLv DwPZ| KviY G mg‡q AvMvQv `gb bv Ki‡j †h ¶wZ nq c‡i mviv
†g․my‡g IB Rwg AvMvQvgy³ †i‡LI Zv c~iY Kiv hvq bv|
nvZ w`‡q, wbovwb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨, AvMvQvbvkK e¨envi K‡i Ges •RweK c×wZ‡Z
AvMvQv `gb Kiv hvq| nvZ w`‡q AvMvQv `gb A‡c¶vK…Z mnR| †ivcv av‡b Kgc‡¶
`yÕevi AvMvQv `gb Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_gevi avb jvMv‡bvi 15 w`b ci Ges c‡ii evi 30-
35 w`b ci| Rwg‡Z cvwbi cwigvY 10-15 †mw›UwgUvi ivL‡Z cvi‡j yÕevi nvZ wbovwb
w`‡jB n‡e| hw` AvDk ev Avgb †g․my‡g Rwg ïwK‡q hvq ev †ev‡iv †g․my‡g †mP w`‡Z
†`wi nq Zvn‡j AvMvQvi cwigvY †e‡o hvq Ges ZLb Av‡iKwU nvZ wbovwbi cÖ‡qvRb
c‡o| G c×wZ‡Z AvMvQv `g‡b kªwgK, mgq I LiP †ewk jv‡M| wbovwb hš¿ e¨env‡i
av‡bi yÕmvwii gv‡Si AvMvQv `gb nq| wKš‘ `yÕ¸wQi duv‡K †h AvMvQv _v‡K Zv nvZ
w`‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e| AvMvQv Zz‡j gvwUi wfZi cuy‡Z w`‡j Zv c‡P •Re mv‡ii KvR K‡i|
weª DBWvi bv‡gi wbovwb hš¿ w`‡q NÈvq 10 kZvsk Rwgi AvMvQv `gb Kiv hvq| hš¿wUi
AvbygvwbK g~j¨ 450 UvKv| GwU e¨envi Kiv mnR I IR‡b nvjKv| d‡j bvix kªwgKivI
mn‡RB GwU e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
AvMvQvbvkK e¨envi
AvMvQvbvkK e¨envi K‡i mn‡RB AvMvQv `gb Kiv hvq| AwaKZi Kvh©Ki I mvkªqx
nIqvq G c×wZ µ‡gB RbwcÖqZv cv‡‛Q| AvMvQvbvkK e¨env‡i Kg mg‡q Ges Kg
Li‡P †ewk cwigvY Rwgi AvMvQv `gb Kiv hvq| Zij, `vbv`vi I cvDWvi- G
wZb ai‡bi AvMvQvbvkK evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ Zij I cvDWvi RvZxq
AvMvQvbvkK wbw`©ó cwigvY cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z †¯cÖ †gwkb w`‡q
wQUv‡Z nq Ges `vbv`vi AvMvQvbvkK mv‡ii g‡Zv Rwg‡Z wQwU‡q e¨envi Kiv hvq| wcÖ-
Bgvi‡RÝ AvMvQvbvkK avb jvMv‡bvi 3-6 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Ges †cv÷-Bgvi‡RÝ
AvMvQvbvkK AvMvQvi e„w× I †g․myg‡f‡` †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 10-15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ e¨envi
Ki‡Z nq| Rwg‡Z KLb GwU e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i AvMvQvbvk‡Ki
Dcv`v‡bi Dci (mviYx 11)|
mviYx 11| evsjv‡`‡k Aby‡gvw`Z wKQz AvMvQvbvkK I Gi Kvh©KvwiZvi msw¶ß cwiwPwZ|
Kvh©Ki AvMvQvbvkK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gvÎv AvMvQvi
Dcv`vb mgq (cÖwZ weNvq) MÖæc
2-4 wW 2-4 wW, A¨vgvBb AvMvQvi 3-5 cvZv 460 wgwj eo cvZv, †mR
Rb¥v‡bv ch©š— RvZxq AvMvQv
†mwj· 2-4 wW, A¨vgvBb AvMvQvi 3-5 cvZv 148 wgwj eo cvZv, †mR
Rb¥v‡bv ch©š— RvZxq AvMvQv
eyUv‡K¬vi evBeyUv 5 wR, wmbeyUv 5 wR, †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 3-3.46 eo cvZv, Nvm
†f‡PwU 5 wR, Gg‡KveyUv 5 wR, 3-6 w`b ch©š— †KwR I †mR AvMvQv
eyUvwKj 5 wR, mycvimvBb 5 wR,
G‡f›U 5 wR, †bv‡K¬vi 5 wR,
Agwb‡K¬vi 5 wR, AvwjdeyUv 5 wR,
AvB‡K¬vi 5 wR, mvb‡K¬vi 5 wR,
GBg‡K¬vi 5 wR, mycviwKj 5 wR,
gviwRb 5 wR, ivR‡K¬vi 5 wR
GgwmwcG GgwmwcG 500 Bwm AvMvQvi 3-5 cvZv 14 wgwj eo cvZv, Nvm
Rb¥v‡bv ch©š— I †mR AvMvQv
G‡MÖvRb GgwmwcG 600 Bwm AvMvQvi 3-5 cvZv 14 wgwj eo cvZv, Nvm
Rb¥v‡bv ch©š— I †mR AvMvQv
A·vWvqvRb Ki÷vi 25 Bwm, †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 268 wgwj eo cvZv, Nvm
A¨vg‡Kv÷vi 25 Bwm, 3-6 w`b ch©š— I †mR AvMvQv
GKwUfvi 25 Bwm,
wgivKj 25 Bwm, A·v÷vi 25 Bwm,
js÷vi 25 Bwm, †Rdvi 25 Bwm
mviYx 11| µgk|
Kvh©Ki AvMvQvbvkK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gvÎv AvMvQvi
Dcv`vb mgq (cÖwZ weNvq) MÖæc
wcÖUvBjv‡K¬vi wiwdU 500 Bwm, †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 134 wgwj eo cvZv, wKQy
mycviwnU 500 Bwm, 3-6 w`b ch©š— Nvm I †mR
wK¬qvi 500 Bwm, KwgU 500 Bwm AvMvQv
jswdU 500 Bwm, mvd 500 Bwm,
i¨vf 500 Bwm, †PK 500 Bwm,
GW‡K¬vi 500 Bwm, nv›Uvi 500 Bwm,
†mdbvi 500 Bwm, mwdU 500 Bwm,
wkjv 500 Bwm, Uc 500 Bwm,
wiwgU 500 Bwm, mycviwdU 500 Bwm,
A¨vg‡KvwdU 500 Bwm, evB‡K¬vi 500 Bwm,
†cÖvwdU 500 Bwm,
KzBU 500 Bwm,
DBjwdU 500 Bwm, †UK¡v 500 Bwm,
cvwcj 500 Bwm, cÖvBW 500 Bwm,
†iw·g‡K¬vi 500 Bwm
†g‡dv‡b‡mU+ mycviwK¬b 53% WweIwc †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 148 MÖvg Nvm, †mR I eo
†ebmvjwdDivb 3-6 w`b ch©š— cvZv AvMvQv
wg_vBj
cvBiv‡Rvmvj- mwiqvm 10 WweIwc, AvMvQvi 1-2 cvZv 20 MÖvg eo cvZv I Nvm
wdDivb mv_x 10 WweIwc, Rb¥v‡bv ch ©šÍ AvMvQv
B_vBj cc 10 WweIwc,
†Mvì÷vi 10 WweIwc,
mycvi 10 WweIwc,
MÖxbAvc 10 WweIwc,
dvg©vi 10 WweIwc,
w¯úwiU 10 WweIwc,
†R‡bmvb 10 WweIwc,
MÖvmwK¬b 10 WweIwc,
†Mvwiqvm 10 WweIwc
B_w·mvjwd- mvbivBR 150 WweIwc AvMvQvi 1-2 cvZv 14 MÖvg eo cvZv I Nvm
Divb Rb¥v‡bv ch©šÍ AvMvQv
UªvBmvjwdDivb wj›Uzi 70 WweIwc †ivc‡Yi 2-4 w`b 14 MÖvg eo cvZv I Nvm
+ WvqKv¤^v ch©š— AvMvQv
†cÛvwg_vBwjb c¨vwbWv 33 Bwm, †ivc‡Yi 2-4 w`b 334 wgwj eo cvZv I Nvm
wW‡cÛ 30 Bwm ch©š—— AvMvQv
A·vWvqviwRj Uc÷vi 400 Gmwm †ivc‡Yi 3-6 w`b 25 wgwj Nvm, †mR I eo
ch©š— cvZv AvMvQv
cvDiv‡Rvmvj- wi‡gvfvi 35 WweIwc, AvMvQv 1-2 cvZv 107 Mªvg Nvm, eo cvZv,
wdDivb cc‡Mvì 35 WweIwc, Rb¥v‡bv ch©šÍ †mR RvZxq
B_vBj 0.6%+ f¨vwbm 35 WweIwc AvMvQv
wcÖUvBjv‡K¬vi
34.4%
†ebmvjwdDivb wbigyj 18 WweIwc, †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 66 Mªvg Nvm, eo cvZv,
wg_vBj+ wSwjK 18 WweIwc 3-6 w`b ch©š— †mR RvZxq
GwmUv‡K¬vi AvMvQv
mviYx 11| µgk|
Kvh©Ki AvMvQvbvkK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gvÎv AvMvQvi
Dcv`vb mgq (cÖwZ weNvq) MÖæc
†d‡bv·vcc-wc GKz‡iUi 69 WweIwc AvMvQvi 1-2 cvZv 67 wgwj Nvm, eo cvZv,
B_vBj Rb¥v‡bv ch©š— †mR RvZxq
AvMvQv
c¨vivKz‡qU Mªv‡gv·b 20 GmGj - 268 wgwj †cv÷nvi‡f÷
AvMvQv I
k‡m¨i MÖæc
avb †ivc‡Yi/ec‡bi 3-6 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Rwg‡Z 1-3 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb _vKv Ae¯’vq
wcÖ-Bgvi‡RÝ AvMvQvbvkK, †hgb wiwdU 500 Bwm, mycviwnU 500 Bwm, mycviwK¬b 53%
WweDwc, A·vWvqviwRj, GBg‡K¬vi 5 wR, GKwUfvi 25 Bwm BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
nq| Avwj© †cv÷-Bgvi‡RÝ AvMvQbvkK Rwg‡Z AvMvQvi e„w× 1-2 cvZv wewkó n‡jB
e¨envi Kiv hvq| †hgb, mvbivBR 150 WweIwc, wmwiqvm 10 WweIwc, mv_x 10
WweIwc, wi‡gvfvi 35 WweIwc I GKz‡iUi 69 WweIwc| bvwe ev †jU †cv÷-
Bgvi‡RÝ AvMvQvbvkK AvMvQv hLb eo n‡q hvq, A_©vr AvMvQv hLb 3-5 cvZv wewkó
nq ZLb e¨eüZ nq| D`vniY¯iƒc 2-4, wW A¨vgvBb; GgwmwcG 500 Bwm I
G‡MÖvRb| DwjwLZ wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi AvMvQvbvkK †ivcYK…Z Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci
mvaviYZ Avi AvMvQv cwi®‥vi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| wKš‘ cÖ‡qvMK…Z Rwg‡Z AvMvQvi
cwigvY †ewk n‡j †ivc‡Yi 30-45 w`b ci GKevi nvjKv nvZ wbovwbi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|
•RweK c×wZ : f¶YKvix Rxe, †cvKv-gvKo, QÎvK I ciRxexi gva¨‡g cwi‡e‡ki
†Kvb ¶wZ bv K‡i †Kvb ¯’v‡bi AvMvQv `gb KivB n‡‛Q •RweK AvMvQv `gb c×wZ|
wKQz wKQz A‡j mgwšZ avb-nuvm c×wZ e¨envi K‡i •RweK AvMvQv `gb Kiv m¤¢e
n‡q‡Q| avb-nuvm Pvl c×wZ‡Z Rwg •Zwii mgq weNv cÖwZ 20-25 gY †Mvei mvi
gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb| av‡bi Pviv †ivc‡Yi 7-14 w`b ci 20-25 w`b eq‡mi
nuv‡mi ev‛Pv mvwi K‡i jvMv‡bv avb †¶‡Z Aegy³ Ki‡Z nq Ges av‡b dzj Avmvi Av‡M
avb‡¶Z †_‡K nuvm DwV‡q wb‡Z nq| G c×wZ‡Z cÖwZ weNv Rwg‡Z 40-45wU nuv‡mi
ev‛Pvi cÖ‡qvRb|
nuvm Kvh©Kifv‡e av‡bi AvMvQv †L‡q Zv aŸsm K‡i Ges KxUcZ½ †L‡q Zv‡`i `gb
K‡i| nuv‡mi weôv Rwg‡Z •Re mv‡ii KvR K‡i| G c×wZ‡Z AvMvQv `gb Ki‡j,
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM I ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, d‡j avb Pv‡l LiP K‡g hvq Ges
K…lK GKB mv‡_ avb, nuvm I wWg Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
mgwšZ e¨e¯’vcbv : GKvwaK AvMvQv `gb c×wZi mgš‡q cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZ me©wb‡gœ
†i‡L AvMvQv e¨e¯’vcbvi c×wZ‡K mgwšZ AvMvQv `gb c×wZ e‡j| ïay nvZ, wbovwb
hš¿ ev AvMvQvbvkK w`‡q hZUzKz AvMvQv `gb Kiv m¤¢e Zvi †P‡q †ewk Kvh©Ki mgwšZ
c×wZ| AvMvQv `g‡b wbw ©ó GKwU c×wZ ZZUv Kvh©Ki bv nIqvB ¯^vfvweK| hLb
†hLv‡b †h c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kivi Dc‡hvMx Ges A_©‣bwZKfv‡e jvfRbK †mLv‡b †mB
c×wZ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| G Kvi‡Y mgwšZ c×wZ‡Z AvMvQv `gb eZ©gv‡b Lye ¸iæZ¡
cv‡‛Q| mgwšZ AvMvQv e¨e¯’vcbvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ wKQz w`K n‡jvÑ
AvMvQvgy³ cwi®‥vi exR e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j AvMvQvi cwigvY Kg n‡e|
Rwg fvjfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡j AvMvQvi cwigvY Kg n‡e|
Rwg‡Z A‡bK mgq AvMvQvbvkK wQUv‡bvi ciI wKQz AvMvQv †_‡K hvq| G‡¶‡Î
GKevi wbovwb w`‡q Rwg AvMvQvgy³ Kiv hvq|
weª DBWvi w`‡q AvMvQv cwi®‥vi K‡i Rwg‡Z ch©vß cwigv‡Y cvwb ivL‡j AvMvQvi
cwigvY Kg nq|
†mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv
av‡bi Rwg‡Z memgq `uvov‡bv cvwb ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| av‡bi Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci
Rwg‡Z 10-12 w`b ch©š— wQcwQ‡c cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †ivcYK…Z Pvivq mn‡R bZ zb
wkKo MRv‡Z cv‡i| Gici Kg cvwb ivL‡jI Pj‡e| Z‡e j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h, avbMvQ
†hb Liv KewjZ bv nq| e„wó-wbf©i †ivcv Avgb GjvKvq Rwgi AvBj 15 †mw›UwgUvi DuPz
ivL‡j A‡bKvs‡k e„wói cvwb a‡i ivLv hvq, hv Liv †_‡K dmj‡K wKQzUv n‡jI i¶v
K‡i| GiciI hw` dmj Liv KewjZ nq Zvn‡j cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK m¤ú~iK †mP w`‡Z
n‡e| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Liv KewjZ av‡bi †P‡q m¤ú~iK †mPhy³ av‡bi djb †n±‡i
cÖvq GK Ub †ewk nq|
wcwfwm I cvw÷K cvB‡ci e¨envi
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g av‡bi Rwg‡Z mvaviYZ gvwUi bvjv w`‡q †mP †`qv nq| d‡j dm‡ji
Rwg I †m‡Pi cvwb Df‡qiB AcPq nq| G AcPq †ivaK‡í wcwfwm A_ev cvw÷K
(wdZv) cvBc e¨envi Kiv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z †mP w`‡j cvwbi AcPq Kgv‡bvi mv‡_
mv‡_ †m‡Pi LiPI Kgv‡bv hvq|
Mfxi/AMfxi bjK~c †_‡K G e¨e¯’vi
gva¨‡g †mP w`‡j GKB cwigvY cvwb w`‡q
KuvPv bvjvi Zzjbvq kZKiv cÖvq 40-42
fvM †ewk Rwg‡Z †mP †`qv m¤¢e| GQvov
iwe dmj †hgb Mg, fyÆv, Avjy, gwiP
BZ¨vw` Ges Avgb †g․my‡g hLb gv‡V KuvPv
bvjv bó n‡q hvq ZLb cvw÷K cvBc
e¨envi K‡i AwZ mn‡R, Aí mg‡q Ges
Kg Li‡P dm‡ji Rwg‡Z †mP cÖ`vb Kiv
hvq (wPÎ 7)|
†PK fvj¦
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †gvU †mPK…Z Rwgi kZKiv 60 fvM Rwg‡Z AMfxi bjK~‡ci gva¨‡g
†mP cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZevi G mKj AMfxi bjK~c Pvjy Kivi mgq cvwb
PvcK‡ji gva¨‡g gvwUi wbP †_‡K cvBc w`‡q cv¤ú ch©š— Zz‡j Avb‡Z nq hv cÖvBwgs
bv‡g cwiwPZ| ZvB cÖwZevi AMfxi bjK~c Pvjy Kivi mgq cv¤ú PvjK cÖvBwgs mgm¨vi
m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡K Ges GRb¨ Kgc‡¶ yÕR‡bi kvixwiK cwikªgmn 15-20 wgwbU mgq
AcPq nq| GQvov K…lKMY AMfxi bjK~‡ci gy‡L cvw÷K cvBc jvMv‡ZI mgm¨vi
wPÎ 7| cvw÷K cvBc w`‡q †mP
cÖ`vb|
m¤§yLxb nIqvq cvw÷K cvBc w`‡q †mP
cÖ`v‡b wKQzUv Abxnv cÖKvk K‡ib| gvV
ch©v‡qi G mKj mgm¨vi mgvavbK‡í
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU GKwU
†PK fvj¦ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q, hv AMfxi
bjK~‡ci cv‡¤úi wb‡P A_©vr wUDeI‡q‡ji
gy‡L jvwM‡q w`‡j cÖvBwgs mgm¨vi mgvavb
nq Ges cv¤ú Pvj‡Kiv cv¤ú Pvjy Kivi
weo¤^bv †_‡K †invB cvb (wPÎ 8)| GQvov G
hš¿ e¨env‡i AwZ mn‡R bjK~‡ci gy‡L
cvw÷K cvBc jvwM‡q †mP cÖ`vb m¤¢e nq|
GWweDwW c×wZ
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g avb Avev‡` cvwb mvkªqx Avi GKwU c×wZi bvg AjUvi‡bU I‡qwUs GÛ
Wªvwqs ev GWweDwW| G c×wZi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq GKwU 7-10 †mw›UwgUvi e¨vm I 25
†mw›UwgUvi j¤^v wQ`ªhy³ wcwfwm cvBc ev †Pv½ (wPÎ 9)| GwU Pviv †ivc‡Yi 10-15
w`‡bi g‡a¨ Rwg‡Z PviwU av‡bi †MvQvi gv‡S Lvovfv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Gi
wQ`ªwenxb 10 †mw›UwgUvi gvwUi Dc‡i Ges wQ`ªhy³ 15 †mw›UwgUvi gvwUi wb‡P _v‡K (wPÎ
9)| Gevi cvB‡ci Zjv ch©š— wfZi †_‡K gvwU DwV‡q wb‡Z n‡e| gvwU k³ n‡j MZ©
K‡i cvBcwU gvwU‡Z emv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| hLb cvwbi ¯—i cvB‡ci Zjvq †b‡g hv‡e
ZLb Rwg‡Z Ggbfv‡e †mP w`‡Z n‡e †hb uvov‡bv cvwbi cwigvY 5-7 †mw›UwgUvi nq|
Avevi †¶‡Zi `uvov‡bv cvwb ïwK‡q cvB‡ci Zjvq †b‡g †M‡j cybivq †mP w`‡Z n‡e
(wPÎ 10)| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g wfRv‡bv I ïKv‡bv c×wZ‡Z †mP Pj‡e RvZ‡f‡` 40-50
w`b ch©š—| hLbB Mv‡Q †_vo †`Lv †`‡e ZLb †_‡K `vbv k³ nIqvi c~e© ch©š— †¶‡Z
¯^vfvweK 2-5 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q, GWweDwW c×wZ‡Z †ev‡iv
av‡b †mP w`‡j uvov‡bv cvwb ivLvi †P‡q 4-5wU †mP Kg jv‡M Ges djbI K‡g bv|
d‡j †m‡Pi cvwb, R¡vjvwb I mgq mvkªq nq Ges Drcv`b LiPI n«vm cvq|
†mP LiP
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g avb Pvlvev‡` Li‡Pi Ab¨Zg cÖavb LvZ n‡jv †mP| wPÎ 11-G †`Lv hvq
†h, 2003 mvj ch©š— †mP LiP LyeB Aí nv‡i †e‡o‡Q| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z R¡vjvwb †Zj,
we`y¨r, †mP hš¿cvwZ I kÖwg‡Ki LiP †e‡o hvIqvq †mP LiP `ª‚Z †e‡o‡Q| e„w×i G
nvi eRvq _vK‡j AvMvgx 2031 mv‡j cÖwZ †n±‡i †mP LiP 16,712 UvKvq `uvov‡e|
Kv‡RB Drcv`b LiP Kg ivL‡Z n‡j gvV ch©v‡q †mP e¨e¯’vcbv Ges †mP cÖhyw³ Mªn‡Yi
gva¨‡g LiP mxwgZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ 8| AMfxi bjK‚‡c †PK fv‡j¦i
e¨envi|
wPÎ 10| GWweDwW c×wZ‡Z cvB‡c cvwb
ch©‡e¶Y|
wPÎ 9| GWweDwW cvBc •Zwi Ges ¯’vcb c×wZ|
avb Pv‡l Wªvg wmWvi
cvw÷‡Ki •Zwi QqwU Wªvg wewkó exR ecb hš¿ Wªvg wmWvi (wPÎ 12)| GwU Kv`vgq
Rwg‡Z mvwi K‡i mivmwi exR ecb K‡i avb Pvlvev‡`i GKwU cÖhyw³| G c×wZ‡Z
exRZjv •Zwi, Pviv D‡Ëvjb I †ivcY Ki‡Z nq bv| ZvB mgq, kªg I Drcv`b e¨q
eûjvs‡k Kgv‡bv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Ki‡j dmj †ivcv c×wZi †P‡q 10-15 w`b
Av‡M cv‡K| Wªvg wmWvi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Rwg DËgiƒ‡c Pvl I gB w`‡q Kv`vgq K‡i
wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi Rwg‡K h_vm¤¢e mgZj Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb
†Kv_vqI cvwb uvwo‡q bv _v‡K| fvj exR 24 NÈv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q 2-3 w`b RvM w`‡q
fvjfv‡e A¼zwiZ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e †hb A¼z‡ii •`N©¨ 4-5 wgwjwgUvi ev GKwU av‡bi mgvb
j¤v nq| Wªv‡g exR fivi Av‡M A¼zwiZ exR 1-2 NÈv Qvqvq Qwo‡q w`‡q evZv‡m ïwK‡q
wb‡j fvj nq| D³ exR Wªv‡gi GK-Z…Zxqvsk Lvwj †i‡L fi‡Z n‡e| Wªv‡gi Mv‡q AuvKv
wÎfyRvK…wZ wPý †hb memgq mvg‡bi w`‡K _v‡K| Gevi nvZj a‡i mvg‡b Pj‡Z _vK‡j
QqwU Wªvg †_‡K 12 jvB‡b exR ecb n‡Z _vK‡e (wPÎ 12)| nvZ‡ji mv‡_ 2-3 dzU
j¤v wPKb GK LÊ Kjv MvQ †eu‡a wb‡j (nvjKv gB wn‡m‡e) Rwg‡Z cv‡qi `vM ev MZ©
gy‡Q hv‡e|
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g wW‡m¤i gv‡mi cÖ_g (†c․‡li Z…Zxq) mßv‡n exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgb †g․my‡g cvwb wb®‥vk‡bi my‡hvM Av‡Q Ggb gvSvwi DuPz Rwg‡Z RyjvB‡qi cÖ_g
(Avlv‡pi Z…Zxq) mßv‡n exR †evbv hvq| Z‡e exR ec‡bi Aš—Z 24 NÈvi g‡a¨ fvix
e„wócv‡Zi m¤¢vebv †bB Ggb mgq †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| KviY ec‡bi ci ci fvix e„wó n‡j
ex‡Ri mvwi I exR G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
ec‡bi cÖ_g 4-5 w`b Rwg‡Z cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| gvwU †fRv _vK‡jB h‡_ó| c‡i
Mv‡Qi e„w×i mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q cÖ_‡g wQcwQ‡c cvwb Ges wKQzUv eo n‡q †M‡j †ivcv
c×wZi Abyiƒc cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv Ki‡Z n‡e| AvMvQv `g‡bi Rb¨ weª DBWvi †ek
Dc‡hvMx| DBWvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi c‡i nvZ w`‡q mvwii wfZ‡ii AvMvQv cwi®‥vi Kiv `iKvi|
AvMvQv `g‡bi Rb¨ AvMvQvbvkK e¨envi AwaK djcÖm~| †ev‡iv †g․my‡g exR ec‡bi 7-
10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Ges Avgb I AvD‡k 4-6 w`‡bi g‡a¨ 20-25 wgwjwjUvi ib÷vi A_ev
10-12 wgwjwjUvi wiwdU 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q 5 kZvsk Rwg‡Z mgvbfv‡e †¯cÖ
wPÎ 11| cÖK…Z I AbywgZ †mP LiP (UvKv/†n±i)|
wPÎ 12| Wªvg wmWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ avb Pvl|
Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwg‡Z 2-3 †mw›UwgUvi `uvov‡bv cvwb _vKv Ae¯’vq AvMvQvbvkK cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
AwbóKvix †cvKv I †giæ`Ûx cÖvYx e¨e¯’vcbv
wbweo Pvlvev‡`i Kvi‡Y dm‡j †cvKvi cÖv`yf©ve I AvµgY †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| d‡j
AwbóKvix †cvKv ev evjvB `gb Ges e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ †e‡o‡Q| wPÎ 13-G 15wU cÖavb
AwbóKvix †cvKvi mviv eQ‡i cÖv yf©v‡ei mgq †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| GLv‡b `vM hZ †gvU
†cvKvi cÖv`yf©ve ZZ †ewk A_©vr IB mg‡q †cvKvi AvµgY Zxeª n‡Z cv‡i| avb †¶‡Z
¶wZKviK †cvKvi mv‡_ wKQz eÜz †cvKv-gvKo, †hgb- gvKomv, †jwW-evW© weUj,
K¨vivweW weUjmn A‡bK ciRxex I ci‡fvRx †cvKv-gvKo Dcw¯’Z _v‡K| ZvB
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kivi †P‡q mgwšZ evjvB e¨e¯’vcbv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ|
gvRiv †cvKv (Stem borer)
gvRiv †cvKvi (wPÎ 14) AvµgY dzj †dvUvi Av‡M n‡j giv wWM (wPÎ 15) Ges dzj
†dvUvi ci n‡j mv`v wkl (wPÎ 16) †ei nq| e¨e¯’cbvi Rb¨Ñ
wW‡gi Mv`v msMÖn (wPÎ 14) K‡i bó
K‡i †djyb|
Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ †cvKv (g_)
msMÖn K‡i `gb Kiæb|
Wvjcvjv cuy‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwLi
mvnvh¨ wbb|
ciRxex (eÜz) †cvKv gvRiv †cvKvi
wWg bó K‡i; myZivs h_vm¤¢e
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM wejw¤Z Kiæb|
Rwg‡Z kZKiv 10-15 fvM giv wWM
A_ev kZKiv 5 fvM mv`v wkl †`Lv
w`‡j Aby‡gvw`Z KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM
Kiæb (mviYx 12)| Avgb avb KvUvi
ci Pvl w`‡q bvov gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q ev
cywo‡q †djyb|
bwjgvwQ ev MjgvwQ (Gall midge)
G gvwQi (wPÎ 17) Kxov avbMv‡Qi evošÍ Kzwk‡Z AvµgY K‡i Ges AvµvšÍ Kzwk †cuqvR
cvZvi g‡Zv n‡q hvq| d‡j Kzwk‡Z Avi wkl nq bv| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
†ivc‡Yi ci wbqwgZ Rwg ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb|
Av‡jvK-d uv` e¨envi K‡i c~Y©eq¯‥ †cvKv `gb Kiæb|
Rwg‡Z kZKiv 5 fvM †cuqvR cvZvi
j¶Y †`Lv †M‡j KxUbvkK e¨envi
Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
cvgwi †cvKv (Rice hispa)
cvgwi †cvKvi Kxov (wPÎ 18) cvZvi
†fZ‡i myo½ K‡i meyR Ask Lvq, Avi
c~Y©eq¯‥ †cvKv cvZvi meyR Ask Kz‡i Ky‡i
Lvq| Gfv‡e LvIqvi d‡j cvZv mv`v
†`Lvq (wPÎ 19)| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
nvZRvj ev gkvwii Kvco w`‡q †cvKv
a‡i †g‡i †djyb|
wPÎ 14| gvRiv †cvKv I wW‡gi Mv`v| wPÎ 15| giv wWM|
wPÎ 16| mv`v wkl|
wPÎ 17| bwjgvwQ Ges ¶wZMÖ¯— cvZv (†cuqvR
cvZv)|
Rwg‡Z kZKiv 35 fvM cvZvi ¶wZ n‡j A_ev cÖwZ †MvQvq PviwU c~Y©eq¯‥ †cvKv
A_ev cÖwZ Kzwk‡Z 5wU Kxov _vK‡j KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
cvZv‡gvov‡bv †cvKv (Leaf roller)
cvZv‡gvov‡bv †cvKvi Kxov Mv‡Qi cvZv j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e gywo‡q (wPÎ 20) cvZvi wfZ‡ii
meyR Ask Lvq (wPÎ 21)| Lye †ewk ¶wZ Ki‡j cvZv cy‡o hvIqvi g‡Zv †`Lvq|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ †cvKv ev g_ (wPÎ 22) `gb Kiæb|
†¶‡Z Wvjcvjv cuy‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwL emvi e¨e¯’v wbb|
Mv‡Q †_vo Avmvi mgq ev wVK Zvi Av‡M hw` kZKiv 25 fvM cvZv ¶wZMÖ ’ nq
Z‡e KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
Pzw½ †cvKv (Rice caseworm)
Pzw½ †cvKv (wPÎ 23) cvZvi Dc‡ii Ask †K‡U †QvU
†QvU Pzw½ •Zwi K‡i †fZ‡i _v‡K (wPÎ 24)|
Avµvš— †¶‡Z Mv‡Qi cvZv mv`v †`Lvq Ges cvZvi
Dc‡ii Ask KvUv _v‡K| w`‡bi †ejvq Pzw½¸‡jv
cvwb‡Z fvm‡Z _v‡K (wPÎ 24)| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ g_ `gb Kiæb|
cvwb †_‡K nvZRvj w`‡q Pzw½mn Kxov msMÖn
K‡i aŸsm Kiæb|
wPÎ 18| cvgwi †cvKvi Kxovi ¶wZi bgybv| wPÎ 19| c~Y©eq¯‥ cvgwi †cvKv I ¶wZi
bgybv|
wPÎ 20| cvZv‡gvov‡bv †cvKvi Kxov|
wPÎ 22| c~Y©eq¯‥ cvZv‡gvov‡bv
†cvKv|
wPÎ 21| cvZv‡gvov‡bv †cvKvi ¶wZi bgybv|
AvµvšÍ Rwgi cvwb mwi‡q w`b Ges Rwg ïwK‡q
wbb|
Rwg‡Z kZKiv 25 fvM cvZv ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡j
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
†j`v †cvKv (Swarming caterpillar)
G †cvKvi Kxov (wPÎ 25) cvZvi cvk †_‡K
†K‡U Ggbfv‡e Lvq †h †Kej avbMv‡Qi KvÛ
Aewkó _v‡K| mvaviYZ ïK‡bv Rwg‡Z G
†cvKvi Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v †ewk| e¨e¯’vcbvi
Rb¨Ñ
avb KvUvi ci Rwg Pvl w`‡q ivLyb A_ev
bvov cywo‡q †djyb|
Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ g_ `gb Kiæb|
Wvjcvjv cuy‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwL emvi
my‡hvM K‡i w`b|
Rwg‡Z 25 fvM cvZv ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡j
KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
Nvmdwos (Grasshopper)
Nvmdwos (wPÎ 26) cvZvi cvk †_‡K
wkiv ch©š— Lvq| Rwg‡Z AwaK
msL¨vq AvµgY Ki‡j G‡`i‡K
c½cvj ejv nq| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
nvZRvj w`‡q †cvKv a‡i †g‡i
†djyb|
Wvjcvjv cuy‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwL
emvi my‡hvM K‡i w`b|
Rwg‡Z kZKiv 25 fvM cvZv
Avµvš— n‡j KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM
Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
j¤vïuo DiPz½v (Long-horned cricket)
G †cvKv av‡bi cvZv Ggbfv‡e Lvq †h cvZvi
wKbviv I wkiv evwK _v‡K (wPÎ 27)| ¶wZMÖ ’ cvZv
SuvSiv n‡q hvq| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Wvjvcvjv cuy‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwL emvi my‡hvM
K‡i w`b|
Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ c~Y©eq¯‥ DiPz½v `gb
Kiæb|
Rwg‡Z kZKiv 25 fvM cvZv ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡j
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
wPÎ 23| c~Y©eq¯‥ Pzw½ †cvKv|
wPÎ 24| Pzw½ †cvKvi ¶wZi
bgybv|
wPÎ 25| †j`v †cvKv I Kxov|
wPÎ 26| Nvmdwos Ges Gi ¶wZi bgybv|
wPÎ 27| j¤^vïuo DiPz½v Ges
Gi ¶wZi bgybv|
meyR cvZvdwos (Green leafhopper)
meyR cvZvdwos (wPÎ 28) av‡bi cvZvi im ï‡l Lvq| d‡j Mv‡Qi e„w× K‡g hvq I MvQ
Lv‡Uv n‡q hvq| G †cvKv Uzs‡iv fvBivm †ivM Qwo‡q me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZ K‡i|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Av‡jvKÑduv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ †cvKv `gb Kiæb|
nvZRv‡ji cÖwZ Uv‡b hw` GKwU meyR cvZvdwos cvIqv hvq Ges Av‡kcv‡k Uzs‡iv
†ivMvµvšÍ avbMvQ _v‡K, Zvn‡j exRZjvq ev Rwg‡Z Dchy³ KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb
(mviYx 12)|
ev`vwg MvQdwos (Brown planthopper)
ev`vwg MvQdwos (wPÎ 29) avbMv‡Qi †Mvovq e‡m im ï‡l Lvq| d‡j MvQ cy‡o hvIqvi
iO aviY K‡i g‡i hvq, ZLb G‡K ejv nq Ôncvi evb©Õ ev Ôdwos †cvovÕ
(wPÎ 30)| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g †deªæqvwi Ges Avgb †g․my‡g AvM÷ gvm †_‡K wbqwgZ avbMv‡Qi
†Mvovq †cvKvi Dcw ’wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb| Gmgq wWg cvo‡Z Avmv j¤v cvLv wewkó
dwos Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ `gb Kiæb| av‡bi Pviv Nb K‡i bv jvwM‡q 25- ×
15-†mw›UwgUvi A_ev 20- × 20-†mw›UwgUvi `~i‡Z¡ †ivcY Ki‡j MvQ cÖPzi Av‡jv
evZvm cvq; d‡j †cvKvi esk e„wׇZ e¨vNvZ N‡U|
cwiwgZ BDwiqv mvi e¨envi Kiæb|
avb Mv‡Qi †Mvovq †cvKv †`Lv †M‡j †¶‡Z R‡g _vKv cvwb mwi‡q Rwg K‡qKw`b
ïwK‡q wbb|
¯^í RxebKvj m¤úbœ av‡bi RvZ Pvl Ki‡j G †cvKvi AvµgY Gov‡bv hvq|
wPÎ 30| ncvi evb© ev dwos †cvovi bgybv|
wPÎ 29| ev`vwg MvQdwos| wPÎ 28| meyR cvZvdwos Ges Uz‡iv
AvµvšÍ avb †¶Z|
Rwgi AwaKvsk Mv‡Q 4wU
wWgIqvjv (†cU †gvUv) c~Y©eq¯‥
¯¿x †cvKv ev 10wU ev‛Pv ev`vwg
MvQdwos ev DfqB †`Lv †M‡j
Aby‡gvw`Z KxUbvkK e¨envi
Kiæb (mviYx 12)| KxUbvkK
Aek¨B Mv‡Qi †Mvovq cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Wvej bRj
†¯úÖqvi e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
(wPÎ 31)| Rwgi AwaKvsk Mv‡Q
AšÍZ GKwU gvKomv †`Lv †M‡j
KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq|
KviY gvKomv ev`vwg MvQdwos
†L‡q aŸsm K‡i|
wmb‡_wUK cvBwi‡_ªv‡qW †Mv‡Îi KxUbvkKmg~n avb dm‡j e¨envi wbwl×, †hgb-
mvBcvi‡gw_ªb, Avjdv mvBcvi‡gw_ªb, †jgWv mvB‡n‡jvw_ªb, †WjUv‡gw_ªb I
†dbfvjv‡iU| DwjwLZ KxUbvkKmg~n avbMv‡Q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ev`vwg MvQdwos
`gb nq bv eis G‡`i msL¨v Av‡iv e„w× cvq| d‡j Rwg‡Z dwos †cvov m„wó nq|
ev`vwg MvQdwos‡qi AvµgY ïiæ n‡j
mg Í MÖv‡gi †jvKRb wgwjZfv‡e G
†cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ Riæwi wfwˇZ e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq G †cvKv esk
we¯—vi K‡i MÖv‡gi me avb †¶Z aŸsm
K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
mv`v-wcV MvQdwos (White-backed
planthopper)
ev`vwg MvQdwos‡qi g‡Zv mv`v-wcV MvQdwos
(wPÎ 32) avbMv‡Qi †Mvovq e‡m im ï‡l
Lvq| G †cvKvi Avµg‡YI ncvi evb© nq|
ev`vwg MvQdwos‡qi g‡Zv G †cvKv `g‡bi
Rb¨ GKB e¨e¯’v wbb|
QvZiv †cvKv (Mealy bug)
ïK‡bv AvenvIqv ev Livi mgq QvZiv
†cvKvi (wPÎ 33) AvµgY †ewk nq| G
†cvKv Mv‡Qi KvÛ I cvZvi †Lv‡ji ga¨eZx©
¯’v‡b GK‡Î A‡bK msL¨K _v‡K, AvµvšÍ
¯’v‡b mv`v †gv‡gi g‡Zv c`v_© †`Lv hvq|
AvµgY Zxeª n‡j Mv‡Q wkl †ei nq bv|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
AvµvšÍ MvQ Dcwo‡q gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djyb|
ïay AvµvšÍ RvqMvq KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM K‡i G †cvKv `gb Kiv hvq (mviYx 12)|
w_ªcm (Thrips)
av‡bi Pviv Ges †ivc‡Yi ci Kzwk Ae¯’vq G †cvKvi AvµgY †`Lv hvq| w_ªcm cvZvq
¶Z m„wó K‡i im ï‡l Lvq| d‡j cvZv j¤vjw¤fv‡e gy‡o hvq| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
exRZjvq/Rwg‡Z cvwb w`‡q BDwiqv mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
AvµgY †ewk n‡j KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
wPÎ 31| Wej bRj †¯úÖ Gi bgybv|
wPÎ 32| mv`v-wcV MvQdwos|
wPÎ 33| QvZiv †cvKv I †gv‡gi
AveiY|
MvwÜ †cvKv (Rice bug)
MvwÜ †cvKv (wPÎ 34) av‡bi `vbvq ya
m„wói mgq AvµgY K‡i| eq¯‥ MvwÜ
†cvKvi Mv †_‡K wekªx MÜ †ei nq Ges
†¶‡Z †M‡jB Zv †evSv hvq|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Av‡jvK-duv‡`i mvnvh¨ wbb|
M‡o cÖwZ 2-3wU †MvQvq GKwU MvwÜ
†cvKv †`Lv †M‡j KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM
Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
KxUbvkK we‡Kj †ejvq cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
wkl KvUv †j`v †cvKv (Earcutting caterpillar)
G †cvKvi Kxov cvZvi cvk †_‡K †K‡U Lvq Ges wk‡li †Mvov †K‡U †`q| Kxov¸‡jv
iv‡Z avb †¶‡Z AvµgY K‡i| G †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨Ñ
bvov cywo‡q †djyb|
Wvjcvjv cuy‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwL emvi my‡hvM K‡i w`b|
Rwg‡Z †mP cÖ`vb K‡i Kxov `gb Kiv hvq|
mviYx 12| av‡bi AwbóKvix †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z KxUbvkK I cÖ‡qvM gvÎv|
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM gvÎv/ KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM gvÎv/
†n±i †n±i
gvRiv †cvKv I MjgvwQ
WvqvwRbb (60 Zij) 1.70 wjUvi WvqvwRbb (10 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
†db‡_v‡qU (50 Zij) 1.70 wjUvi KzBbvjdm (5 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
†dbw_qb (50 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi Kv‡e©vdzivb (3 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
†dwb‡Uªvw_qb (50 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi Kv‡e©vdzivb (5 `vbv`vi) 10.00 †KwR
KzBbvjdm (25 Zij) 1.50 wjUvi wd‡cÖvwbj (3 `vbv`vi) 10.00 †KwR
Kv‡e©vmvjdvb (20 Zij) 1.50 wjUvi wd‡cÖvwbj (50 cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq) 500 wgwjwjUvi
†K¬vicvBwidm (20 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi WvqvwRbb (14 `vbv`vi) 13.50 †KwR
KviUvc (50 cvDWvi) 1.40 †KwR
ïay gvRiv †cvKv
d¬zz‡ebwWqvgvBW (25 WweIwWwR) 0.2 †KwR
†K¬vivbUªvwbwj‡cÖvj (0.4 `vbv`vi) 10.0 †KwR
_vqv‡g‡_v·vg + †K¬vivbUªvwbwj‡cÖvj (0.6 `vbv`vi) 5.0 †KwR
_vqv‡g‡_v·vg + †K¬vivbUªvwbwj‡cÖvj (40 WweIwR) 0.075 †KwR
†K¬vivbUªvwbwj‡cÖvj 18.5 (cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq) 0.15 wjUvi
cvgwi †cvKv
WvB‡g‡_v‡qU (40 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi KzBbvjdm (25 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi
†dwb‡Uªvw_qb (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi †K¬vicvBwidm (20 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi
g¨vjvw_qb (57 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kvievwij (85 cvDWvi) 1.34 †KwR
dRv‡jvb (35 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi GgAvBwcwm (75 cvDWvi) 1.12 †KwR
†dbw_qb (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi wd‡cÖvwbj (50 cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq) 500 wgwjwjUvi
WvqvwRbb (60 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kv‡e©vmvjdvb (20 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi
cvZv‡gvov‡bv †cvKv I Pzw½ †cvKv
g¨vjvw_qb (57 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi di‡gvw_qb (25 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi
†dwb‡Uªvw_qb (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kvievwij (85 cvDWvi) 1.70 †KwR
dRv‡jvb (35 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi GgAvBwcwm (75 cvDWvi) 1.12 †KwR
WvB‡g‡_v‡qU (40 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi WvqvwRbb (10 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
Nvmdwos I j¤^vïuo DiPz½v
dRv‡jvb (35 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi KzBbvjdm (25 Zij) 1.50 wjUvi
Kv‡e©vmvjdvb (20 Zij) 1.50 wjUvi wewcGgwm (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi
wklKvUv †j`v‡cvKv I †j`v‡cvKv
wPÎ 34| MvwÜ †cvKv I Gi ¶wZi bgybv|
Kvievwij (85 cvDWvi) 1.70 †KwR
ev`vwg MvQdwos, mv`v-wcV MvQdwos I QvZiv †cvKv
g¨vjvw_qb (57 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kv‡e©vdzivb (3 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
†dwb‡Uªvw_qb (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi GgAvBwcwm (75 cvDWvi) 1.30 †KwR
ïay ev`vwg MvQdwos-Gi Rb¨
Kv‡e©vmvjdvb (20 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi WvqvwRbb (10 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
dRv‡jvb (35 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kv‡e©vdzivb (3 `vbv`vi) 16.80 †KwR
†dwb‡Uªvw_qb (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kvievwij (85 cvDWvi) 1.50 †KwR
mviYx 12| µgk|
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM gvÎv/ KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM gvÎv/
†n±i †n±i
WvqvwRbb (60 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi _vqv‡g‡_v·vg (25 cvDWvi) 60.00 MÖvg
†K¬vicvBwidm (20 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi wd‡cÖvwbj (3 `vbv`vi) 10.00 †KwR
WvB‡g‡_v‡qU (40 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi †dwb‡Uªvw_qb (75 Zij) + 7.50 wgwjwjUvi
wewcGgwm
g¨vjvw_qb (57 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi BwgWv‡K¬vwcªW (20 Zij) 125 wgwjwjUvi
wewcGgwm (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi cÖ‡cv·vi (20 Zij) 1.25 wjUvi
Kv‡e©vdzivb (5 `vbv`vi) 10.00 †KwR KvUvc 50 (cvDWvi) 1.2 †KwR
GgAvBwcwm (75 cvDWvi) 1.30 †KwR wd‡cÖvwbj 50 (cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq) 500 wgwjwjUvi
meyR cvZvdwos, w_ªcm, Mvw܇cvKv
g¨vjvw_qb (57 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi GgAvBwcwm (75 cvDWvi) 1.12 †KwR
†dwb‡Uªvw_qb (50 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi Kvievwij (85 cvDWvi) 1.70 †KwR
dRv‡jvb (35 Zij) 1.00 wjUvi di‡gvw_qb (25 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi
WvB‡g‡_v‡qU (40 Zij) 1.12 wjUvi B‡Uv‡db‡cÖv· (10 Zij) 500 wgwjwjUvi
KzBbvjdm (25 Zij) 1.50 wjUvi
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : KxUbvk‡Ki evwYwR¨K bv‡gi
cwie‡Z© †R‡bwiK ev mvaviY bvg e¨envi Kiv
n‡jv| Zij I cvDWvi RvZxq KxUbvkK¸‡jv
cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx 600-800 wjUvi cvwbi
mv‡_ wgwk‡q †¯cÖ †gwkb w`‡q fvjfv‡e
wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| `vbv`vi KxUbvkK
e¨env‡ii †ejvq Rwg‡Z 2-4 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb
5-7 w`b AvUwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| j¶¨ ivL‡Z
n‡e, Rwgi cvwb †hb Dc‡P bv c‡o|
KxUbvkK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡j †cvKvi AvµgY
mwVKfv‡e kbv³ Ki‡Z n‡e, mwVK gvÎvq
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e, †cvKvi Ae¯’vb
I AvenvIqv †`‡L KxUbvkK wQUv‡Z n‡e Ges
KxUbvk‡Ki e¨envi fvjfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e|
ZvQvovI KxUbvkK e¨enviKvix‡K Zvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨w³MZ wbivcËv †cvlvK-cwi”Q`
cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e (wPÎ 35)|
GK †n±i = 7.47 weNv (247 kZvsk) Ges
GK PvgP = 5 wgwjwjUvi ev 5 wmwm
Bu`yi `gb
Bu`yi avbMv‡Qi Kzwk †K‡U †`q (wPÎ 36)|
avb cvK‡j av‡bi Qov †K‡U gvwUi wb‡P
myo½ K‡i Rgv iv‡L| av‡bi Rwg‡Z gv‡Vi
eo Kv‡jv Bu`yi (wPÎ 37), gv‡Vi Kv‡jv Bu`yi
(wPÎ 38) cÖavbZ ¶wZ Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|
Avi ¸`vgN‡ii km¨ †M‡Qv ev N‡ii Bu yi
(wPÎ 39) ¶wZ K‡i| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨-
Rwgi AvBj I †mP wb®‥vkb bvjv Kg
msL¨K I wPKb ivL‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ 35| wbivcËv †cvlvK cwiwnZ Ae¯’vq †¯úÖ Kivi bgybv|
wPÎ 36| Bu`y‡ii ¶wZi bgybv|
GKwU GjvKvq h_vm¤¢e GKB mgq avb
†ivcY I KZ©b Kiv hvq Ggbfv‡e Pvl
Ki‡Z n‡e|
duv` †c‡Z Bu yi `gb Ki‚b|
wel‡Uvc, †hgb- eªgvwWIjb w`‡q Bu yi
`gb Kiv hvq|
Av‡jvK-duv` •Zwi c×wZ : iv‡Zi †ejvq av‡bi Rwg †_‡K
GKUz `~‡i Lvwj RvqMvq nvwi‡Kb, n¨vRvK jvBU A_ev
•e`y¨wZK evwZ ¯’vcb K‡i Zvi wb‡P GKwU cv‡Î †K‡ivwmb
†Zj wgwkªZ cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e| mܨvi ci evwZ R¡vwj‡q
ivL‡j †mLv‡b A‡bK †cvKv G‡m gviv co‡e|
†cvKv `g‡b cvwL
av‡bi AwbóKvix †cvKv `g‡b cwi‡ek-evÜe †K․kj
wn‡m‡e DcKvix cvwLi e¨envi wb‡q weª‡Z M‡elYv
n‡q‡Q|
mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q, wd‡O cvwL wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvKv †L‡q Lye ZvovZvwo G‡`i
msL¨v Kwg‡q †`q| ZvB Rwg‡Z cªwZ 100 eM©wgUv‡i cvwL emvi Rb¨ GKwU (†n±‡i
100wU) Wvjcvjv cyu‡Z w`‡j cvwLi msL¨v e„w× cvq; d‡j †cvKv LvIqvi ¶gZv
AšÍZ Pvi¸Y e„w× cvq| cvwL Mv‡Qi Dc‡ii w`‡K Ae¯’vbKvix AwbóKvix †cvKvi
cvkvcvwk wKQz DcKvix †cvKvI Lvq| wKš‘ cvwL AwbóKvix †cvKv †ewk cQ›` K‡i
weavq Zv‡`i †L‡q †d‡j| ZvB AwbóKvix †cvKvi msL¨v hLb evo‡Z _v‡K
ZLb avb †¶‡Z Wvjcvjv cyu‡Z w`‡j G ai‡bi †cvKvi msL¨v Avi evo‡Z cv‡i bv|
gv‡V Wvjcvjv cyu‡Z †cvKv‡L‡Kv cvwLi mvnvh¨ †bIqvi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb,
WvjcvjvwU cvwL emvi Dchy³ A_©vr k³ I avbMv‡Qi †P‡q †ek DuPz nq (wPÎ 40)
Ges cvwL †hb †cvKv †`L‡Z I ai‡Z cv‡i|
av‡bi Rwg‡Z e¨vOI AwbóKvix †cvKvi msL¨v Kwg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i| weªÕi mgx¶vq
e¨vOgy³ Rwgi †P‡q 10-30wU e¨vOhy³ Rwg‡Z kZKiv 16-41 fvM †cvKv Kg
cvIqv †M‡Q Ges Gi d‡j 6-19 fvM djb e„w× †c‡q‡Q| e¨vO cÖwZw`b M‡o cÖvq
kZKiv 54 fvM Nvmdwos, 47 fvM njy` gvRiv †cvKv, 37 fvM meyR cvZvdwos,
35 fvM ev`vwg Nvmdwos Ges 9 fvM cvgwi †cvKv †L‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i|
av‡bi †ivM e¨e¯’vcbv
†ivM av‡bi ¶wZ K‡i Ges djb Kwg‡q †`q| G Rb¨ †ivM kbv³ K‡i Zvi Rb¨
e¨e¯’vcbv wb‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k †gvU 32wU kbv³K…Z †iv‡Mi g‡a¨ 10wU cÖavb| †Kvb
Rv‡Z wK †ivM mnbkxjZv Av‡Q Zv mviYx 13-G †`qv n‡jv| GQvov GLv‡b ch©vqµ‡g
av‡bi 10wU cÖavb †ivM kbv³KiY Ges Zvi e¨e¯’vcbv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mviYx 13| †ivM mnbkxj av‡bi RvZ|
av‡bi RvZ †h †iv‡M mnbkxj av‡bi RvZ †h †iv‡M mnbkxj
wPÎ 37| gv‡Vi eo Kv‡jv Bu`yi|
wPÎ 38| gv‡Vi Kv‡jv Bu`yi| wPÎ 39| †M‡Qv ev N‡ii Bu`yi|
wPÎ 40| †cvKv‡L‡Kv
cvwL I emvi Wvjcvjv|
weAvi3 eøv÷, Uzs‡iv I †Lvj‡cvov weª avb28 eøv÷
weAvi14 Uzs‡iv I eøv÷ weª avb32 cvZv‡cvov, eøv÷ I †Lvj‡cvov
weAvi15 eøv÷ weª avb33 eøv÷ I cvZv‡cvov
weAvi16 Uzs‡iv I ev÷ weª avb37 Uzs‡iv I cvZv‡cvov
weAvi19 cvZv‡cvov weª avb39 Uzs‡iv I †Lvj‡cvov
weAvi22 Uzs‡iv I †Lvj‡cvov weª avb41 Uzs‡iv I †Lvj‡cvov
weAvi23 †Lvj‡cvov weª avb42 Uzs‡iv
weAvi24 eøv÷ weª avb44 eøv÷ I cvZv‡cvov
weAvi26 cvZv‡cvov weª avb45 eøv÷
Uzs‡iv (Tungro)
Uzs‡iv fvBivmRwbZ †ivM| meyR cvZvdwos G
†iv‡Mi evnK| Pviv Ae¯’v †_‡K Mv‡Q dzj †dvUv
ch©š— mg‡q G †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| av‡bi
†¶‡Z wew¶ß Ae ’vq Mv‡Qi cvZv njy` ev Kgjv
iO aviY K‡i (wPÎ 41) A‡bK †¶‡Î mvjdvi ev
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii NvUwZRwbZ Kvi‡Y Ges VvÛvi
cÖ‡Kv‡c Giƒc n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡¶‡Î mg Í Rwgi
avb wew¶ßfv‡e bv n‡q mgfv‡e njy`vf ev Kgjv
iO aviY Ki‡e| Mv‡Qi evo-evowZ I Kzwk K‡g
hvq d‡j Avµvš— MvQ my¯’ Mv‡Qi Zzjbvq Lv‡Uv
nq| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
†iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq †ivMvµvšÍ MvQ Zz‡j gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †djyb|
AvMvg exRZjvq we‡kl K‡i Avgb avb KvUvi mgq †ev‡ivi exRZjvq meyR
cvZvdwos †`Lv †M‡j nvZRvj ev KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM K‡i `g‡bi e¨e¯’v wbb|
wbweo avb Pvl GjvKvq fjvw›Uqvi ivBm/†iUzb avb Zz‡j gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †djyb A_ev
Rwg‡Z Pvl w`‡q gvwUi m‡½ wgwk‡q w`b|
Av‡jvK-duv` e¨envi K‡i evnK †cvKv meyR cvZvdwos †g‡i †djyb|
meyR cvZvdwos `g‡b KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiæb (mviYx 12)|
e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †cvov (Bacterial blight)
Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Ges eq¯‥ Mv‡Q G †ivM †`Lv hvq| AvµvšÍ Pviv
Mv‡Qi †Mvov c‡P hvq, cvZv †bwZ‡q c‡o njy`vf n‡q gviv hvq| G Ae¯’v‡K K…‡mK
e‡j| †ivMvµvš— Kv‡Ûi †Mvovq Pvc w`‡j AvVv‡jv I yM©Ühy³ cuyR †ei nq|
eq¯‥ Mv‡Q mvaviYZ †_vo Ae¯’v †_‡K cvZv‡cvov j¶Y †`Lv hvq| cÖ_‡g cvZvi
AMÖfvM †_‡K wKbviv eivei Avµvš— n‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K evo‡Z _v‡K (wPÎ 42)| AvµvšÍ
Ask cÖ_‡g RjQvc Ges c‡i njy`vf n‡q L‡oi iO aviY K‡i| µgk m¤ú~Y© cvZvUvB
g‡i ïwK‡q hvq| AwZ gvÎvq BDwiqv mv‡ii e¨envi, wkjve„wó I S‡ov AvenvIqv G †ivM
we¯—v‡i mvnvh¨ K‡i| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
mylg gvÎvq mvi e¨envi Kiæb|
†ivM †`Lv w`‡j AwZwi³ 5 †KwR/weNv
nv‡i cUvk mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
So-e„wó Ges †ivM †`Lv †`Iqvi ci
BDwiqv mv‡ii DcwicÖ‡qvM mvgwqK eÜ
ivLyb|
K…‡mK n‡j AvµvšÍ Rwgi cvwb ïwK‡q
7-10 w`b ci Avevi †mP w`b|
†ivMvµvš— Rwgi dmj KvUvi ci bvov
cywo‡q †djyb|
Ddiv (Ufra)
Ddiv av‡bi K…wgRwbZ †ivM (wPÎ 43)| K…wg
avbMv‡Qi KwP cvZv I †Lv‡ji ms‡hvM¯’‡j AvµgY
wPÎ 41| Uzs‡iv Avµvš— avb|
wPÎ 42| e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †cvov †ivMvµvšÍ avb|
K‡i| K…wg Mv‡Qi im †kvlY Kivq cÖ_‡g cvZvi
†Mvovq wQ‡U-†duvUv mv`v `vM †`Lv hvq| µgvš‡q †m
`vM ev`vwg i‡Oi n‡q cy‡iv AvMvUvB ïwK‡q g‡i
hvq| Avµg‡Yi cÖ‡Kvc †ewk n‡j Mv‡Qi evo-evowZ
Kg nq| †_vo Ae¯’vq AvµgY Ki‡j †_v‡oi g‡a¨
wkl †gvPov‡bv Ae¯’vq †_‡K hvq (wPÎ 44)| d‡j
wkl †ei n‡Z cv‡i bv| K…wg cwiZ¨³ bvov, LoKz‡Uv
Ges Nv‡m GgbwK gvwU‡Z KzÛjx cvwK‡q †eu‡P _v‡K|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
†ivM †`Lv w`‡j †n±icÖwZ 20 †KwR
nv‡i dzivWvb 5 wR A_ev wKD‡iUvi 5
wR cÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
†ivMvµvš— Rwgi dmj KvUvi ci
bvov cywo‡q †djyb|
m¤¢e n‡j Rwg Pvl w`‡q 15-20 w`b
†d‡j ivLyb|
AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z exRZjv bv Kiv|
av‡bi c‡i avb Avev` bv K‡i Ab¨
dm‡ji Pvl Kiæb|
Rjx Avgb av‡b AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z
Kvi‡ebWvwRg 2% nv‡i †¯cÖ Ki‡j
mydj cvIqv hvq|
ev÷ (Blast)
ev÷ QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| G †ivM cvZvq n‡j
cvZv ev÷, wMu‡U n‡j wMuU ev÷ I wk‡l n‡j
wkl ev÷ ejv nq| cvZv ev÷ n‡j cvZvq
†QvU †QvU wW¤^vK…wZ `vM m„wó K‡i| Av‡¯—
Av‡ Í `vM eo n‡q yÕcÖvšÍ j¤v n‡q †Pv‡Li
AvK…wZ aviY K‡i (wPÎ 45)| `v‡Mi Pvi av‡i
ev`vwg I gv‡Si Ask mv`v ev QvB eY© aviY
K‡i| A‡bK¸‡jv `vM GK‡Î wg‡k wM‡q cy‡iv
cvZv g‡i hvq| G †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Rwgi mg Í
avb bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| G †ivM †ev‡iv
†g․my‡g †ewk nq| wMuU ev÷ Ges wkl ev÷
(wPÎ 46) n‡j wMuU I wk‡li †Mvov Kv‡jv n‡q
hvq I †f‡½ c‡o Ges avb wPUv n‡q hvq| iv‡Z
VvÛv, w`‡b Mig, iv‡Z wkwki cov Ges mKv‡j
Kzqvkv _vK‡j G †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve †`Lv hvq|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Rwg‡Z •Re mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
Rwg‡Z cvwb a‡i ivLyb|
†ivMgy³ Rwg †_‡K exR msM Ön Kiæb|
mylg gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiæb| AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z BDwiqv mv‡ii DcwicÖ‡qvM mvgwqK
eÜ †i‡L cÖwZ †n±‡i 400 MÖvg Uªycvi, wRj ev †bwU‡fv 10-15 w`‡bi e¨eav‡b
`yÕevi cÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
mKj myMwÜ avb, nvBweªW avb Ges jeY mnbkxj av‡b dzj Avmvi mgq wbgœPvc
†`Lv w`‡j DwjwLZ QÎvKbvkK AvMvg †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ 44| K…wg AvµvšÍ cvZv I wkl|
wPÎ 46| wkl ev÷|
wPÎ 45| cvZv ev÷|
†Lvj‡cvov (Sheath blight)
†Lvj‡cvov QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| avb Mv‡Qi Kzwk MRv‡bvi
mgq n‡Z †ivMwU †`Lv hvq| cÖ_‡g †Lv‡j a~mi RjQv‡ci
g‡Zv `vM c‡o| `v‡Mi gvSLv‡b a~mi nq Ges wKbviv
ev`vwg i‡Oi †iLv Øviv mxgve× _v‡K| `vM Av‡ Í Av‡ Í
eo n‡q mg¯— †Lv‡j I cvZvq A‡bKUv †MvL‡iv mv‡ci
Pvgovi g‡Zv P°i †`Lv hvq (wPÎ 47)| Mig I Av ª©
AvenvIqv, †ewk gvÎvq BDwiqv e¨envi I Nb K‡i Pviv
†ivcY G †ivM we¯—v‡i mnvqZv K‡i| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Rwg‡Z †kl gB †`qvi ci cvwb‡Z fvmgvb AveR©bv
mywZ Kvco w`‡q Zz‡j gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djyb|
cUvk mvi mgvb `yÕwKw ͇Z fvM K‡i GK fvM Rwg •Zwii †kl Pv‡l Ges Ab¨ fvM
†kl wKw¯— BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi m‡½ wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
†bwU‡fv, dwjKzi, KbUvd, †n·v‡KvbvRj †Lvj-‡cvov †ivM `g‡b Kvh©Ki
QÎvKbvkK| Avµvš— avbMv‡Qi Pvi cv‡ki K‡qKwU my¯’ ¸wQmn we‡K‡j (m~‡h©i
Av‡jv Kg‡j) Mv‡Qi Dcwifv‡M GwU †¯cÖ Kiæb| QÎvKbvk‡Ki gvÎv †j‡e‡j
†`Lyb|
mylg mvi e¨envi Kiæb|
evKvwb (Bakanae)
GwU QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| Avµvš— Kzwk ªæZ †e‡o
Ab¨ Mv‡Qi Zzjbvq j¤v I wjKwj‡K n‡q hvq
(wPÎ 48) Ges nvjKv meyR i‡Oi nq| Mv‡Qi
†Mvovi w`‡K cvwbi Dc‡ii wMuU †_‡K wkKo
†ei nq| ax‡i ax‡i Avµvš— MvQ g‡i hvq|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
†ivMvµvšÍ Kzwk Zz‡j †djyb|
G †ivM exRevwnZ| ZvB exR †kvab Ki‡Z cvi‡j fvj nq| G Rb¨ Kvi‡ebWvwRg
MÖæ‡ci †h †Kvb QvÎvKbvk‡Ki wZb MÖvg Ilya GK wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q A¼zwiZ
ex‡R †¯cÖ Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq| ZvQvov GKB cwigvY Ilya w`‡q mviv ivZ
Pviv †kvab K‡iI fvj dj cvIqv hvq|
ev`vwg `vM (Brown spot)
GwU QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| G †ivM n‡j cvZvq cÖ_‡g
†QvU †QvU ev`vwg `vM †`Lv hvq| `v‡Mi gvSLvbUv
nvjKv ev`vwg i‡Oi nq| A‡bK mgq `v‡Mi
Pviw`‡K njy` Avfv †`Lv hvq (wPÎ 49)|
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨Ñ
Rwg‡Z •Re mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
BDwiqv I cUvk mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
mylg gvÎvq mvi e¨envi Kiæb|
ch©vqµ‡g Rwg‡Z cvwb †mP w`b Ges Rwg ïwK‡q wbb|
AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z wkl †ei nIqvi ci 60 MÖvg cUvk I 60 MÖvg w_IwfU/Kgyjvm 10
wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖwZ 5 kZK Rwg‡Z †¯cÖ Ki‡j av‡b ev`vwg `vM
Kg nq|
Kvi‡ebWvwRg RvZxq QÎvKbvkK w`‡q (exR 0.3% `ªe‡Y 12 NÈv wfwR‡q) exR
†kvab Ki‚b|
†LvjcPv (Sheath rot)
GwU QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| G †ivM avbMv‡Qi wWMcvZvi †Lv‡j nq| †iv‡Mi ïiæ‡Z
wWMcvZvi †Lv‡ji Dc‡ii As‡k †MvjvKvi ev AwbqwgZ AvKv‡ii ev`vwg `vM †`Lv hvq
(wPÎ 50)| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í `vMwU eo n‡Z _v‡K Ges Mvp a~mi iO aviY K‡i| G Ae¯’vq
wPÎ 47| †Lvj‡cvov †iv‡Mi
j¶Y|
wPÎ 48| evKvwb Avµvš— avb †¶Z|
wPÎ 49| ev`vwg `vM †iv‡Mi j¶Y|
A‡bK mgq wkl †ei n‡Z cv‡i bv A_ev †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc Abyhvqx AvswkK †ei nq Ges
†ewkifvM avb Kv‡jv I wPUv n‡q hvq| e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨-
AvµvšÍ LoKz‡Uv Rwg‡Z cywo‡q †djyb|
mylg gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiæb|
†Lvj‡cvov †iv‡Mi QÎvKbvkK G †iv‡Mi †¶‡ÎI e¨envi Kiæb|
av‡bi `kwU †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve mg‡qi cwÄKv wPÎ 51-G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b `vM
hZ †gvUv IB mg‡q †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve ZZ †ewk nq| GwU †`‡L †ivMevjvB †_‡K
mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiæb|
wPÎ 50| †LvjcPv †iv‡Mi j¶Y|
j¶xi ¸ (False smut)
GwUI QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| avb cvKvi mgq G †ivM †`Lv hvq| QÎvK av‡bi evošÍ Pvj‡K
bó K‡I eo ¸wUKv m„wó K‡i| ¸wUKvi wfZ‡ii Ask nj‡`-Kgjv iO Ges ewniveiY
meyR hv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Kv‡jv n‡q hvq (wPÎ 52)| G †ivM e¨e¯’vcbvi me‡P‡q fvj
Dcvq n‡jv †ivMvµvšÍ wkl Zz‡j †djv| gvÎvwZwi³ BDwiqv mvi e¨envi bv Kiv|
cvZv jvj‡P †iLv (Bacterial leaf streak)
GwU e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM| e¨vK‡Uwiqv cvZvi ¶Z w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges wkivi
ga¨eZx© ¯’v‡b miæ †iLvi Rb¥ †`q| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †iLv eo n‡q jvj‡P iO aviY K‡i
(wPÎ 53)| cvZv m~‡h©i wecix‡Z ai‡j `v‡Mi wfZi w`‡q ¯‛Q Av‡jv †`Lv hvq| G †ivM
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ exR †kvab Kiv, AvµvšÍ Rwg †_‡K exR msMÖn Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vKv
Ges bvov cywo‡q †djv|
GK bR‡i av‡bi †ivM kbv³KiY c×wZ
mgm¨v kbv³Kvix •ewkó¨
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afve Rwg‡Z me RvqMvq avbMvQ nj‡` n‡q hvq, Kzwk Kg GLv‡b-†mLv‡b wew¶ß
bq, BDwiqv w`‡j meyR nq|
M܇Ki Afve mviv gv‡V KwP cvZv nj‡` ev nvjKv nj‡` weeY©Zv, gv‡Vi wbPz RvqMvq †ewk,
MvQ wKQzUv †eu‡U, wRcmvg mvi w`‡j fvj nq|
`¯Ívi Afve avbMv‡Qi KwP cvZvi †Mvovi w`‡K ga¨wkiv eivei mv`v nq hv c‡i †eªvbwRs
ev gi‡P `vM c‡o, wew¶ß Ae¯’vq MvQ¸‡jv e‡m hvq, wRsK mvj‡dU ev ` Ív
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j MvQ ax‡i ax‡i ¯^vfvweK n‡q hvq|
ev`vwg `vM `vM Avjwc‡bi gv_vi AvK…wZ n‡Z wZj ex‡Ri g‡Zv †QvU, AwbqwgZ Ges
wKbviv ev`vwg i‡Oi, †Kvb †Kvb mgq †K›`ª a~mi nq| evjygq Rwg‡Z cvwb I
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii Afv‡e G †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc †ewk nq Ges cvZvq I `vbvq
`vM c‡o|
ev÷ cvZvq †Pv‡Li g‡Zv †MvjvKvi ev wÎ-†KvYvK…wZ `vM Pviw`K ev`vwg I †K›`ª
mv`v ev a~mi| wkl m¤ú~Y© mv`v, wk‡li †Mvov c‡P Mvp ev`vwg `vM nq, wkl
Uvb w`‡j mn‡R D‡V bv| `ya fiv Ae¯’vq AvµvšÍ n‡j wkl †f‡½ c‡o Ges
wk‡li avb Acyó nq| ev÷ AvµvšÍ avb Mv‡Qi wMu‡U Kv‡jv `vM †`Lv hvq|
†Lvj‡cvov av‡bi †Mvov †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K †Lvj I cvZvq †MvL‡iv mv‡ci Pvgovi g‡Zv
†Qvc †Qvc ev Pµv-eµv `vM †`Lv hvq| wbweo avb Pvl Ges AwZwi³ gvÎvq
BDwiqv e¨env‡i G †ivM e¨vcKfv‡e gv‡V Qwo‡q c‡o|
evKvwb AvµvšÍ avbMvQ ev Kywk Ab¨vb¨ avbMv‡Qi †P‡q j¤^v, nvjKv meyR, `ye©j weavq
Ab¨ Mv‡Qi Dci †n‡j c‡o| gvwUi Dcwifv‡Mi wMu‡U I cvZvi †Lv‡j wkKo
MRvq| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi wkl Av‡M †ei nq|
KvÛcPv cvwbi Zj eivei avbMv‡Qi †Mvovi w`‡K evB‡ii †Lv‡j cÖv_wgK AvµgY ïiæ
nq| `vM¸‡jv Kv‡jv AvqZKvi Ges wfZ‡ii †Lvj I Kv‡Ûi wfZ‡ii w`‡K
AMÖmi nq| AvµvšÍ Ask Kv‡jv n‡q †f‡½ c‡o| KvÛ wQuo‡j †QvU Kv‡jv †Mvj
QÎvK ¸wU †`Lv hvq|
†LvjcPv †_vo Ae¯’vq wWMcvZvi †Lv‡j A‡bK¸‡jv Kv‡jv `vM GKwÎZ n‡q c‡P Kv‡jv
iO aviY K‡i| wkl AvswkK †ei nq Ges AwaKvsk avb Kv‡jv `vMh y³ nq|
wPÎ 52| j¶xi ¸ †iv‡Mi j¶Y| wPÎ 53| cvZvi jvj‡P †iLv †iv‡Mi
j¶Y|
PvivSjmv‡bv/ mvaviYZ kxZKv‡j †ev‡iv exRZjvq G †ivM †`Lv hvq| ïK‡bv ev Kg †fRv
Pviv‡cvov exRZjvq A¼zwiZ exR I Pvivi †Mvovq mv`v ev ev`vwg i‡Oi QÎvK †`Lv hvq|
AvµvšÍ ¯’v‡b ax‡i ax‡i Pviv¸‡jv jvj‡P n‡q gviv hvq|
Pvivamv †ev‡iv exRZjvq †ewk cvwb _vK‡j, I VvÛv AvenvIqv weivR Ki‡j A¼zwiZ
Pviv meyR QÎvK Øviv Ave„Z n‡q ax‡i ax‡i gviv hvq|
cvZvSjmv‡bv/ GwU e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM| mvaviYZ So-e„wói c‡i Mv‡Q ¶Z •Zwi n‡j G
cvZv‡cvov †ivM †`Lv †`q| AwZ De©i Rwg‡ZI G †ivM nq| AwZwi³ gvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j G †ivM †ewk nq| ïiæ‡Z cvZvi kx‡l© njy`vf `vM m„wó nq|
c‡i cvZvi Dci †_‡K µgk wb‡Pi w`‡K Ges cvZvi `yB wKbvi n‡Z wfZ‡ii
w`‡K ev ga¨ wkiv eivei njy`vf `vM e„w× cvq hv `~i †_‡K †`L‡Z L‡oi g‡Zv
g‡b nq|
cvZvi jvj‡P †iLv AvµvšÍ cvZvi wkiv eivei j¤^vjw¤^ mv`v ev nj‡` †iLv `vM †`Lv hvq hv c‡i
Kgjv iO aviY K‡i| m~‡h©i wecix‡Z ai‡j Av‡jv †`Lv hvq|
Ddiv avbMv‡Qi ewa©òz As‡k G †iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK AvµgY ïiæ nq| MRv‡bv bZzb
cvZvi †Mvovi w`‡K cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq wQ‡U‡duvUv mv`v `vM †`Lv hvq| wkl †ei
n‡Z cv‡i bv Avi †ei n‡jI wkl †KuvKov‡bv I wk‡l avb cyó Kg nq| RjgMœ
ev †Rvqvi-fvUv A‡ji av‡b G †ivM †ewk nq|
wkKowMuU mywb®‥vwkZ †e‡j I †e‡j-†`vAuvk gvwU‡Z G †ivM †`Lv hvq| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi
wkK‡o wMuU nq d‡j MvQ gvwU n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`¨vcv`vb msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| Lv‡`¨i Afv‡e MvQ njy`vf iO aviY K‡i Ges Lv‡Uv n‡q hvq| cvZv I
av‡b ev`vwg `vM †`Lv hvq|
Uzs‡iv fvBivmRwbZ †ivM| Rwg‡Z avbMvQ BZ¯ÍZ wew¶ß Ae¯’vq ïiæ‡Z njy` I
c‡i Kgjv iO aviY K‡i e‡m hvq| AvµvšÍ †MvQvq my ’ Mv‡Qi Zzjbvq Kzwki
msL¨v †ewk nq| bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I MÜK mvi e¨envi K‡iI njy`vf `vM `~i nq
bv| AvµvšÍ avb †¶‡Z meyR cvZvdwos †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|
dmj KvUv, gvovB I msi¶Y
AwaK cvKv Ae¯’vq dmj KvU‡j A‡bK avb S‡i c‡o, wkl †f‡½ hvq, wklKvUv
†j`v‡cvKv Ges cvwLi AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB gv‡V wM‡q avb †c‡K‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z
n‡e| wk‡li kZKiv 80 fvM av‡bi Pvj k³ I ¯^‛Q n‡j avb wVKg‡Zv †c‡K‡Q e‡j
we‡ewPZ n‡e| KvUvi ci avb gv‡V †d‡j bv †i‡L hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e gvovB Kiv DwPZ|
KuvPv Ljvi Dci avb gvovB Kivi mgq PvUvB, PU ev cwjw_b wewQ‡q w`b| Gfv‡e avb
gvovB Ki‡j av‡bi iO D¾¡j I cwi®‥vi _v‡K| gvovB Kiv avb AšÍZ 4-5 w`b †iv‡`
fvjfv‡e ïKv‡bvi ci †S‡o †MvjvRvZ Kiæb|
av‡bi exR msi¶Y
fvj djb †c‡Z n‡j fvj ex‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ †h Rwgi avb fvjfv‡e †c‡K‡Q, †ivM
I †cvKv-gvK‡oi AvµgY nqwb Ges AvMvQvgy³ †m me Rwgi avb exR wn‡m‡e ivLvi
wm×vš— wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi avb KvUvi Av‡MB weRvZxq (Off-type) MvQ mwi‡q †dj‡Z
n‡e| †hme Mv‡Qi AvKvi-AvK…wZ, wk‡li aib, av‡bi AvKvi-AvK…wZ, iO I ïO Ges
avb cvKvi mgq Rwgi AwaKvsk MvQ †_‡K GKUz Avjv`v †m¸‡jvB weRvZxq MvQ| mKj
†ivMvµvš— MvQI AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici dmj †K‡U Ges Avjv`v gvovB, SvovB
K‡i fvjfv‡e †iv‡` ïwK‡q gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| exR avb gRy‡`i mgq †hme c`‡¶c
†bqv DwPZ †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
†iv‡` 5/6 w`b fvjfv‡e ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e †hb ex‡Ri Av`©ªZv kZKiv 12 fv‡Mi
wb‡P _v‡K| `uvZ w`‡q exR KvU‡j hw` KUKU kã nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e exR
wVKg‡Zv ïwK‡q‡Q|
cyó avb evQvB Ki‡Z Kzjv w`‡q Kgc‡¶ yÕevi †S‡o †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
evqy‡ivax cv‡Î exR ivLv DwPZ| exR ivLvi Rb¨ Wªvg I we¯‥zU ev †K‡ivwm‡bi wUb
e¨envi Kiv fvj|
gvwUi gUKv ev Kj‡m exR ivL‡j Mv‡q yÕevi AvjKvZivi cÖ‡jc w`‡q ïwK‡q wb‡Z
n‡e|
Av`©ªZv †ivaK †gvUv cwjw_‡bI exR gRy` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†iv‡` ïKv‡bv exR VvÛv K‡i cv‡Î fi‡Z n‡e| cy‡iv cvÎwU exR w`‡q f‡i ivL‡Z
n‡e| hw` ex‡R cvÎ bv f‡i Zvn‡j ex‡Ri Dci KvMR wewQ‡q Zvi Dci ïK‡bv
evwj w`‡q cvÎ cwic~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e|
cv‡Îi gyL fvjfv‡e eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e †hb evZvm XyK‡Z bv cv‡i| Gevi Ggb
RvqMvq ivL‡Z n‡e †hb cv‡Îi Zjv gvwUi ms¯ú‡k© bv Av‡m|
Ub cÖwZ av‡b 3.25 †KwR wbg, wbwk›`v ev welKvUvwj cvZvi ¸uov wgwk‡q †MvjvRvZ
Ki‡j †cvKvi AvµgY nq bv|
av‡bi djb e¨eavb
M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡b weÁvbxMY DbœZ av‡bi RvZ I Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv cÖhyw³ D™¢veb
K‡ib| Gme cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i M‡elYv Lvgv‡i wKsev AbyK~j cwi‡e‡k K…l‡Ki cÖ`k©bx
gv‡VI fvj djb cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ K…l‡Ki gv‡V mvaviYZ M‡elYv Lvgv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK
Kg djb cvIqv hvq| †hgb †ev‡iv †g․my‡g weª avb28 6.5 Ub/†n±i I weª avb29 cÖvq
9-10 Ub/†n±i dj‡bi ¶gZv iv‡L| GUvB m¤¢ve¨ ev AR©b‡hvM¨ djb| A_P Avgv‡`i
RvZxq Mo djb †n±icÖwZ gvÎ 4.2 Ub| m¤¢ve¨ ev AR©b‡hvM¨ djb Ges Mo dj‡bi
g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨, ZvB djb e¨eavb| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡k avb Pv‡l djb e¨eavb
Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ wewfbœfv‡e †Póv Kiv n‡‛Q| h_vh_ Pvlvev` cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i av‡bi
djb eûjvs‡k e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|
weª †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔAvaywbK av‡bi PvlÕ eBwU‡Z Ges evsjv‡`k ivBm b‡jR e¨vs‡K
(www.knowledgebank-brri.org) Rwgi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †g․myg-wfwËK h_vh_
cÖhyw³ wbe©vPb wel‡q we ÍvwiZ Z_¨ i‡q‡Q|
KviY
djb e¨eav‡bi eûwea KviY Av‡Q| †h Kvi‡Y K…lK AR©b‡hvM¨ djb cv‡‛Q bv †m¸‡jv
g~jZ wZb ai‡biÑ
•Re-†fŠwZK : djb e¨eav‡bi •Re-†f․wZK Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ Av‡Q exR, mvi, cvwb I
gvwU BZ¨vw`| fvj gv‡bi exR e¨envi bv Kiv, Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq I c×wZ‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM
bv Kiv Ges mwVK c×wZ‡Z cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv bv Kiv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y m¤¢ve¨ djb cvIqv
hvq bv|
cwiPh©v : mwVK eq‡mi Pviv, mwVK mg‡q I wbq‡g †ivcY, mgqg‡Zv mvi cÖ‡qvM I
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v bv Kivq djb Kg nq| ZvQvov mgqg‡Zv avb KvUv I dj‡bvËi cÖhyw³
AbymiY bv KivI djb Kg nIqvi KviY|
Av_©-mvgvwRK : avb Drcv`b cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi ZviZg¨B djb e¨eav‡bi
Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| ZvQvov Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq Drcv`b DcKiY †hgb mvi, cvwb,
KxUbvkK BZ¨vw` msMÖn I e¨env‡i K…l‡Ki A¶gZv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki av‡bi dj‡bi
e¨vcK ZviZg¨ NUvq|
cÖwZKvi
RvZ wbev©Pb : evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡`k cigvYy K…wl M‡elYv
Bbw÷wUDU Ges evsjv‡`k K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq A‡bK¸‡jv av‡bi RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|
Avcbvi GjvKv, gvwU, cwi‡ek I Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dc‡hvMx mwVK RvZ wbev©Pb
Kiæb| GKB GjvKvq ïay GK-`ywU RvZ Pvl bv K‡i A‡bK¸‡jv RvZ Avev` Kiv PvB|
G‡Z K‡i †ivMevjvB Ges cÖwZK~j AvenvIqv †gvKvwejv Kiv mnR n‡e|
fvj gv‡bi exR e¨envi : fvj exR fvj dj‡bi wfwË| cwicyó, wgkªYgy³, †ivM-
RxevYygy³, A¼z‡iv˜Mg ¶gZvm¤úbœ Ges cÖZ¨vwqZ exR e¨envi Kiv fvj| Avcwb wb‡RB
fvjgv‡bi exR evQvB K‡i exR Drcv`b I e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Pviv Drcv`b : my¯’ I mej Pviv †c‡Z n‡j Av`k© exRZjv •Zwi Ki‡eb| cÖwZ
kZvsk exRZjvq 3.0-3.5 †KwR exR †dj‡Z n‡e| Avgb †g․my‡g RvZ‡f‡` 25-30
w`b Ges †ev‡iv †g․my‡g 40-50 w`b eq‡mi Pviv †ivcY Kiv PvB| ¯^í RxebKvj m¤úbœ
Rv‡Zi Pvivi eqm wKQzUv Kg n‡e| ¯^v¯’¨evb Pvivi Rb¨ exRZjvq chv©ß mvi I cvwb
e¨e¯’vcbvmn Ab¨vb¨ cwiPhv© h_vixwZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Rwg •Zwi I †ivcY : †ev‡iv †g․my‡g 25 wW‡m¤i †_‡K 7 Rvbyqvwi Ges Avgb
†g․my‡g ga¨ RyjvB †_‡K ga¨ AvM‡÷i g‡a¨ Pviv †ivcY m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| †MvQvcÖwZ
2-3wU Pviv 15- × 20-†mw›UwgUvi `~i‡Z¡ †ivcY Ki‡eb| DËgiƒ‡c Pvl I gB w`‡q Rwg
•Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z AvMvQv I LoKz‡Uv fvjfv‡e c‡P hvq| †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© Rwg mgZj
nIqv PvB| †Kbbv G‡Z mvi I cvwbi mylg e¨envi wbwðZ n‡e Ges AvMvQv Kg n‡e|
mgZj Rwg‡Z GKB mg‡q dmj cvK‡e hv mvgwMÖKfv‡e djb e„wׇZ mnvqK|
mvi e¨e¯’vcbv : Kvw“¶Z dj‡bi Rb¨ mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
•Re mvi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡klZ De©iZvi gvb, av‡bi RvZ I Zvi RxebKvj
G‡¶‡Î we‡kl we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mwVK mgq I e¨e¯’vcbvI
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mv‡ii gvÎv I cÖ‡qvMwewa mviYx 7, 8, 9 I 10-G †`Lyb|
cvwb I AvMvQv e¨e¯’vcbv : †ivcY †_‡K ïiæ K‡i KvBP‡_vo Avmv ch©šÍ Rwg‡Z
wQcwQ‡c cvwb ivLv fvj| KvBP‡_vo Avmv ïiæ n‡j cvwbi cwigvY wظY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avevi av‡bi `vbv k³ nIqv ïiæ Ki‡jB Rwg †_‡K cvwb mwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e| mvi
DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq Rwg‡Z wQcwQ‡c cvwb _vKv Avek¨K, hv‡Z mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×
cvq|
av‡bi Rwg‡Z ¯^í cwigvY cvwb _vK‡j AvMvQvi Dc`ªe †ewk n‡Z cv‡i Ges G‡Z
AvMvQv `gb LiP †ewk nq| GRb¨ 3-5 †mw›UwgUvi uvov‡bv cvwb ivLv `iKvi| Av‡jv,
cvwb I cywói Rb¨ AvMvQv avbMv‡Qi m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß nq, GRb¨ Rwg AvMvQvgy³
ivLv PvB| Avgb †g․my‡g Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci AšÍZ 40-50 w`b Rwg AvMvQvgy³ ivLv
`iKvi| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b mZK©Zvi m‡½ AvMvQvbvkK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
KxUcZ½ I †ivMevjvB `gb : Ab¨vb¨ mKj cwiPh©v h_vixwZ Kiv m‡Ë¡I KxUcZ½
I †ivMevjvB av‡bi djb e¨vcKfv‡e Kwg‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ mgwšZ evjvB `gb
e¨e¯’vcbv AbymiY Kiv `iKvi| Avgb †g․my‡g ¶wZKi †cvKvi Avµg‡Y 13-14 fvM
djbnvwb n‡Z cv‡i|
dj‡bvËi Kvh©µg : av‡bi Qovi Ic‡ii w`‡K kZKiv 80 fvM av‡bi Pvj k³ I
¯^‛Q n‡jB avb †c‡K‡Q e‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Ges wej¤ bv K‡i avb KvU‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq
djb n«vm cv‡e| KvUvi ci gvovB hš¿ w`‡q gvovB Kiv mnR| cwi®‥vi RvqMvq avb
gvovB Kiv DwPZ| avb gvovB Kivi ci fvjfv‡e ïwK‡q Ges †S‡o msi¶Y ev
evRviRvZ Kiv `iKvi| Avgv‡`i †`‡k M‡o kZKiv 12-13 fvM dmjnvwb N‡U
dj‡bvËi ch©v‡q|
Avq-e¨q : weªÕi mv¤cÖwZK mgx¶v Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b †`‡k fvj Avev` n‡j avb Pv‡l
weNvcÖwZ 2,500 UvKvi †ewk Avq Kiv m¤¢e|
weª nvBweªW av‡bi Pvlvev` c×wZ
exRZjv •Zwi I exR ecb
Ddkx av‡bi exRZjv •Zwi c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e Z‡e exRZjvq •Re mvi
cÖ‡qvM Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| exRZjvi cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 2 †KwR cPv †Mvei ev cPv
AveR©bv mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Pviv my¯’ I mej ivL‡Z Rwg •Zwii mgq
cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 4 MÖvg wUGmwc, 7 MÖvg GgIwc Ges exR †evbvi 10 w`b c‡i 7 MÖvg
BDwiqv I 10 MÖvg wRcmvg mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
nvBweªW av‡bi exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e 15 b‡f¤i n‡Z 15 wW‡m¤^i ch ©šÍ mg‡q|
Rwg •Zwi
De©i Rwg, cvwb wb®‥vkb e¨e¯’v I †m‡Pi myweav i‡q‡Q Ggb Rwg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ DËgiƒ‡c Pvl I gB w`‡q gvwU Kv`vgq K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
†kl Pvl I gB †`Iqvi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb RwgUv h‡_ó mgZj nq Ges
Aby‡gvw`Z nv‡i mviI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e (mviYx 14)|
mviYx 14| nvBweªW av‡bi Pvlvev‡` Aby‡gvw`Z mv‡ii gvÎv I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ|
mvi cwigvY (†KwR/weNv) cÖ‡qvM gvÎv
†ev‡iv Avgb
BDwiqv 36 26 1/4 Ask †kl Pv‡li mgq
1/4 Ask Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`b ci
1/4 Ask 35-40 w`b ci Ges Aewkó
1/4 Ask KvBP‡_vo Avmvi mgq
wUGmwc ev wWGwc 17 8 †kl Pv‡li mgq
GgIwc 16 10 2/3 Ask †kl Pv‡li mgq Ges
1/3 Ask wØZxq wKw Íi mgq
wRcmvg 15 8 †kl Pv‡li mgq
` Ív (wRsK mvj‡dU) 2 0 †kl Pv‡li mgq
Pviv †ivcY
†ivc‡Yi mgq Rwg‡Z wQcwQ‡c cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e Ges †MvQvcÖwZ 1 ev 2wU K‡i my¯’
I mej Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
30-35 w`‡bi Pviv 15 Rvbyqvwii g‡a¨ †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvwi‡Z Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| mvwi †_‡K mvwii ~iZ¡ 20 †mw›UwgUvi (8 BwÂ)
Ges Pviv †_‡K Pvivi ~iZ¡ n‡e 15 †mw›UwgUvi (6 BwÂ)|
†ivc‡Yi 3 †_‡K 5 w`‡bi g‡a¨ g‡i hvIqv Pvivi ¯’‡j cybivq bZzb Pviv †ivcY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvi e¨e ’vcbv
nvBweªW avb †_‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ djb †c‡Z Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv •Re mvi, †hgb
†Mvei I cPv AveR©bv, •aÂv ev Wvj RvZxq dmj e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|
Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ Rwg •Zwii †kl Pv‡li mgq wUGmwc/wWGwc, wRcmvg I wRsK
mvj‡dU Ges 2/3 Ask GgIwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †kl Pv‡l wKQz BDwiqv
mviI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| mviYx 14-†Z mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi wbqg eY©bv Ki n‡jv|
KvBP‡_vo Avmvi c‡iI hw` bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afve cwijw¶Z nq Z‡e weNv cÖwZ
4-5 †KwR BDwiqv mvi DcwicÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Rwgi De©iZvi gvÎv Abyhvqx
mv‡ii gvÎv Kg ev †ewk n‡Z cv‡i|
AvMvQv `gb I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv
mvi DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi Av‡M Aek¨B Rwgi AvMvQv cwi®‥vi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges mvi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci Zv gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| nvZ w`‡q ev DBWvi w`‡q
A_ev AvMvQvbvkK cÖ‡qv‡M AvMvQv `gb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci †_‡K
Rwg‡Z 5-7 †mw›UwgUvi (2-3 BwÂ) cvwb ivLvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| avbMv‡Q hLb
KvBP‡_vo Avmv ïiæ K‡i ZLb cvwbi cwigvY wKQzUv evov‡bv DwPZ| G Ae¯’vq Livq
co‡j av‡b wPUvi cwigvY †e‡o hvIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : hw` †Kvb K…lK Zuvi Rwg‡Z wUGmwc mv‡ii cwie‡Z© wWGwc mvi e¨envi K‡ib †m‡¶‡Î
weNvcÖwZ 36 †KwRi ¯’‡j 28 †KwR BDwiqv mvi e¨envi Ki‡eb Ges Zv wZb wKw ͇Z DcwicÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| mvi DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq Rwg‡Z wQcwQ‡c cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e| mvi mgfv‡e wQUv‡bvi ci nvZwo‡q ev
wbovwb w`‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qvMKv‡j Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ cvwb _vK‡j Zv †ei K‡i
w`‡Z n‡e Ges mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 2-3 w`b ci Rwg‡Z ch©vß cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e|
nvIo GjvKvq AvKw¯§K eb¨v †gvKvwejv
†`‡ki DËi-c~e© A‡ji nvIo GjvKvq cvKv, Avav-cvKv †ev‡iv avb AvKw¯§K eb¨vq
Zwj‡q hvq| mvaviYZ •ekv‡Li Z…Zxq mßvn †_‡K G Xj ïiæ nq| Gfv‡e dmj nvwb
†_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ Rwgi Ae¯’vb I Xj bvgvi mgq ey‡S Dchy³ av‡bi RvZ wbe©vPb
Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov mwVK mg‡q exRZjvq exR ecb K‡i 35-45 w`‡bi Pviv †ivcY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
D‛P dj‡bi Kvi‡Y weAvi19 Ges weª avb29 nvIo GjvKvq me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| wKš‘ `yÕwU
RvZB `xN©‡gqvw` weavq wbivc‡` dmj N‡i Zzj‡Z `iKvi weª avb45 Gi g‡Zv
¯^í‡gqvw` RvZ| mybvgM‡Äi kvjv, RvgvjMÄ Ges wek¦¤^icy‡ii nvIo GjvKvq
K…lK‡`i Askx`vwi‡Z¡ RvZ wbe©vPb cix¶vq G Rv‡Zi fvj dj cvIqv †M‡Q| myZivs
nvIo GjvKvq bZzb RvZwU RbwcÖq nIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| weAvi19 ev weª avb29-Gi
†P‡q weª avb45 c‡bi †_‡K wek w`b Av‡M cv‡K Ges cÖvq mgvb djb w`‡q _v‡K| weª
avb29 Gi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e A‡c¶vK…Z AvMvg weª avb58I IB GjvKvq Pvl Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
Zxeª kx‡Z †ev‡iv dm‡ji Riæwi cwiPh©v
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g Pviv Ae¯’vq •kZ¨
cÖevn n‡j Pviv gviv hvq (wPÎ 54)|
Kzwk Ae¯’vq •kZ¨ cÖevn n‡j Kzwki
evo-evowZ K‡g I MvQ njy` n‡q
hvq| Avevi †_vo ev wkl cy‡ivcywi
†ei n‡Z †`q bv, wk‡li AMÖfv‡Mi
avb g‡i hvq Ges wk‡l wPUvi cwigvY
A¯vfvweK †e‡o hvq| GQvovI VvÛvi
cÖ‡Kv‡c a‡m cov †iv‡Mi Rb¨ Pviv
gviv hvq| cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ KiYxqÑ
exRZjvq 3-5 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb
a‡i ivLv (wPÎ 55) Ges ¯^‛Q
cwjw_‡bi QvDwb w`‡q exRZjv
†X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e|
•kZ¨ cÖev‡ni mgq exRZjv ¯^‛Q cwjw_b w`‡q mKvj 10Uv †_‡K mܨv ch©šÍ †X‡K
w`‡j, exRZjvq cvwb mKv‡j †ei K‡i w`‡q Avevi bZzb cvwb w`‡j, cÖwZw`b mKv‡j
Pvivi Dci RgvK…Z wkwki Swi‡q w`‡j (wPÎ 56) Pviv VvÛvi cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K i¶v
cvq Ges ¯vfvweKfv‡e evo‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ 54| •kZ¨ cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y giv Pviv|
wPÎ 55| exRZjvq 3-5 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb|
Pviv †ivcYKv‡j •kZ¨ cÖevn ïiæ
n‡j K‡qK w`b †`wi K‡i Pviv
†ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivc‡Yi ci •kZ¨ cÖevn n‡j
Rwg‡Z 5-7 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb a‡i
ivL‡Z n‡e|
Kzwk Ae¯’vq •kZ¨ cÖevn ïiæ n‡j
Rwg‡Z 5-7 †mw›UwgUvi cvwb a‡i
ivL‡Z n‡e|
†ivc‡Yi Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ 35-45
w`‡bi Pviv e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
G eq‡mi Pviv †ivcY Ki‡j
kx‡Z Pviv g„Zy¨i nvi K‡g, Pviv
m‡ZR _v‡K Ges djb †ewk
nq|
†_vo I dzj †dvUvi mgq
AwZwi³ VvÛv AvenvIqv weivR
Ki‡j †¶‡Z 15-20 †mw›UwgUvi
`uvov‡bv cvwb ivL‡j †_vo mn‡R
†ei nq Ges wPUvi cwigvY K‡g|
†ev‡iv av‡b AwZwi³ wPUv nIqvi KviY
¯^vfvweKfv‡e av‡b kZKiv 15-20 fvM wPUv nq| wPUvi cwigvY Gi †P‡q †ewk n‡j a‡i
wb‡Z n‡e †_vo †_‡K dzj †dvUv Ges avb cvKvi AvM ch©š— dmj †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
cÖwZK~jZvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q, †hgb Amnbxq VvÛv ev Mig, Liv ev AwZe„wó, So-SÅv,
†cvKv I †ivMevjvB|
VvÛv : AvMvg †ev‡ivi †ejvq iv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv 12-13 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Ges w`‡bi
ZvcgvÎv 28-29 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm (KvBP‡_vo †_‡K †_vo Ae¯’v Aewa) avb wPUv nIqvi
Rb¨ †gvUvgywU msKU ZvcgvÎv| Z‡e GB Ae¯’v cuvP/Qq w`b (•kZ¨ cÖevn) Pj‡Z
_vK‡jB †Kej AwZwi³ wPUv nIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K| iv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv msKU gvÎvq †b‡g
Avm‡jI hw` w`‡bi ZvcgvÎv 29 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Gi †ewk _v‡K Z‡e wPUv nIqvi
Avk¼v K‡g hvq|
Mig : wbgœ ZvcgvÎv dm‡ji Rb¨ †hgb ¶wZKi, D‛P ZvcgvÎvI †Zgwb ¶wZ K‡i|
bvwe †ev‡ivi †ejvq av‡bi Rb¨ Amnbxq Mig ZvcgvÎv n‡jv 35 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm| dzj
†dvUvi mgq 1-2 NÈv D³ ZvcgvÎv weivR Ki‡j gvÎvwZwi³ wPUv n‡q hvq| †`wi‡Z
†ev‡iv av‡bi Avev` Ki‡j AwZwi³ wPUv nIqvi fq _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i †g gv‡mi cÖ_g
w`K av‡bi dyj †dvUv Ae¯’vq †ewk Mi‡gi g‡a¨ co‡j av‡b AwZwi³ wPUv nq|
S‡ov evZvm : cÖPÛ S‡ov Ges Mig evZv‡mi Kvi‡Y MvQ †_‡K cvwb cÖ‡¯^`b
cÖwµqvq †ewi‡q hvq| d‡j MvQ ïwK‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| S‡ov evZvm civMvqY, Mf©aviY I
av‡bi g‡a¨ Pv‡ji e„w× e¨vnZ K‡i| G‡Z av‡bi meyR †Lvmv L‡qwi ev Kv‡jv iO aviY
K‡i| d‡j avb wPUv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
Liv : Livi Kvi‡Y wk‡li kvLv e„w× e¨vnZ nq Ges weK…Z I eܨv av‡bi Rb¥ †`qvq
wPUv n‡q hvq|
cÖwZKvi
dmj P‡µ †b‡g Avmv cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM cÖwZnZ Kiv KwVb| wKš‘ †ev‡iv avb AMÖnvq‡Yi
ïiæ‡Z exR ecb Ki‡j av‡bi †_vo Ges dzj †dvUv Amnbxq wbgœ ev D‛P ZvcgvÎvq
c‡o bv, d‡j VvÛv I Mig GgbwK S‡ov evZvmRwbZ ¶wZ †_‡KI †invB cvIqv m¤¢e|
wPÎ 56| ¯^‛Q cwjw_‡bi QvDwb w`‡q †X‡K ivLv
exRZjv|
avb Avev‡`i hš¿cvwZ
K…wl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Lvgvi hvwš¿KxKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| KviY Kg mg‡q, ¯^í Li‡P Ges
myweavRbKfv‡e Drcv`‡b hš¿cvwZi weKí †bB| G Aa¨v‡q weª D™¢weZ wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
weª ¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM hš¿
¸wU BDwiqv mwVK wbq‡g Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv AZ¨šÍ Kómva¨ I AwaK kªwgK wbf©i
nIqvq evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui Lvgvi hš¿cvwZ I dj‡bvËi cÖhyw³ wefvM weª
¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM hš¿wU D™¢veb K‡i| GwU GKwU n¯— PvwjZ hš¿ hvi IRb cÖvq 10
†KwR (wPÎ 57)| GKRb kªwgK mn‡RB hš¿wU Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| hš¿wU Øviv NÈvq GK weNv
Rwg‡Z ¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e| †hLv‡b cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z GKRb kªwgK mvivw`‡b
25-30 kZvsk Rwg‡Z ¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| hš¿wU Ggbfv‡e wbwg©Z †h,
gv‡V Pvjv‡bvi mgq †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j Zv mn‡R ~i Kiv hvq| ZvQvov Rwg‡Z
Pvjv‡bvi mgq mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 18, 20 I 22 †mw›UwgUvi Abyhvqx h‡š¿i cÖ¯’
mgšq Kivi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| ¸wU BDwiqv GKmvwi ci ci wbw ©ó `~i‡Z¡ Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z nq weavq mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 18, 20, I 22 †mw›UwgUvi Ges Pviv †_‡K
Pvivi `~iZ¡ 20 †mw›UwgUvi a‡i hš¿wU •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rwg‡Z bvjv •Zwi Ges eÜ
Kivi e¨e¯’vmn hš¿wU w`‡q 6-8 †mw›UwgUvi Mfx‡i ¸wU BDwiqv cÖwZ ’vcb Kiv hvq|
hš¿wU gv‡V Pvjv‡bvi mgq ¸wU BDwiqv e‡·i 2/3 Ask cwigvY ¸wU w`‡q c~Y© Ki‡Z
nq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci n‡Z ¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM Kivi c~e© ch©šÍ Rwg‡Z cvwb a‡i ivL‡Z
n‡e hv‡Z Rwgi gvwU k³ n‡q bv hvq| ¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM Kivi mgq Rwg‡Z wQcwQ‡c
cvwb (0.5 †mw›UwgUvi) _vKv evÃbxq| me mgq mvg‡bi w`‡K †V‡j hš¿wU Pvjv‡Z n‡e,
Ab¨_vq Rwg‡Z ¸wU wbM©gb nIqvi bvjvwU Kv`vgvwU‡Z eÜ n‡q hv‡e| hš¿ Pvjv‡bvi mgq
¸wU cÖ‡qvM Kiv mvwi‡Z cv ivLv hv‡e bv| Wªvg wmWv‡i †evbv Rwg‡ZI hš¿wU w`‡q ¸wU
BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e| hš¿wU •Zwi‡Z 4000-5000 UvKv LiP nq|
weª DBWvi
GwU mvwie×fv‡e †ivcY Kiv av‡bi AvMvQv `g‡bi hš¿ (wPÎ 58)| bvix kªwgK‡`i Rb¨I
GwU we‡klfv‡e Dc‡hvMx| G hš¿ w`‡q GKRb kªwgK NÈvq 10 kZvsk Rwgi AvMvQv
`gb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`Lv †M‡Q, nvZ evQvB c×wZi cwie‡Z© G hš¿ e¨env‡i cÖwZ †n±‡i
1,500 UvKv mvkªq Kiv hvq|
wPÎ 57| weª ¸wU BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM hš¿|
weª ¯PvwjZ avb-Mg KvUv hš¿
GwU ¯^PvwjZ avb-Mg KvUvi hš¿ hv 1.2 wgUvi cÖ‡¯’i wicvi (KvUvi Ask) hy³ K‡i
Pvjv‡bv nq (wPÎ 59)| ¯^PvwjZ e‡j Gi AvKvi †QvU hvi d‡j Rwg‡Z avb KvUvi mgq
Lye mn‡RB Pvjv‡bv hvq| hš¿wU w`‡q GK †n±i Rwgi avb KvU‡Z 4-5 NÈv mgq jv‡M|
Gi R¡vjvwb LiP 0.5-07 wjUvi/NÈv|
cvIqvi wUjvi PvwjZ weª avb-Mg KvUv hš¿
GwU kw³ PvwjZ avb-Mg KvUvi hš¿ hv cvIqvi wUjv‡ii mv‡_ ms‡hvM K‡i Pvjv‡bv hvq
(wPÎ 60)| G hš¿ w`‡q NÈvq 1.0-1.5 weNv Rwgi avb/Mg KvUv hvq| ïK‡bv Rwg‡Z
Lvov Ae¯’vq _vKv †h †Kvb avb I Mg KvUv hvq| G hš¿ e¨env‡i kªwg‡Ki KvwqK kªg
jvNe nq| KvUv avb-Mg mvwi n‡q c‡o Ges mbvZb c×wZi †P‡q †n±i cÖwZ 1200
UvKv mvkªq Kiv hvq|
weª I‡cb Wªvg cvIqvi †_ªmvi
wPÎ 58| weª DBWvi|
wPÎ 59| weª ¯^PvwjZ avb-Mg KvUv hš¿|
wPÎ 60| cvIqvi wUjvi PvwjZ weª avb-Mg KvUv hš¿|
GwU Pvi Ak¦-kw³i BwÄb/†gvUi ms‡hvwRZ avb gvovB‡qi hš¿ (wPÎ 61)| avb nv‡Z a‡i
gvovB Kivi d‡j Lo A¶Z _v‡K| Gi gva¨‡g wZbRb kªwgK (cyiæl/bvix) GKmv‡_ avb
gvovB Ki‡Z cv‡i| wcwU‡q gvovB c×wZi cwie‡Z© G hš¿ e¨env‡i cÖwZ †n±‡i 900
UvKv mvkªq Kiv hvq|
weª avb-Mg cvIqvi †_ªmvi
G hš¿ w`‡q avb Ges Mg gvovB Kiv hvq (wPÎ 62)| G h‡š¿i `yÕwU g‡Wj Av‡Q †hgb-
wUGBP-7 Ges wUGBP-8| wUGBP-7 hš¿ w`‡q NÈvq 18 gY avb Ges 10 gY Mg gvovB
Kiv hvq| c¶vš—‡i wUGBP-8 hš¿ w`‡q NÈvq 25 gY avb Ges 15 gY Mg gvovB Kiv
hvq| hš¿ `yÕwU k¨v‡jv wUDeI‡qj/cvIqvi wUjv‡ii BwÄb/•e`y¨wZK †gvUi w`‡q Pvjv‡bv
hvq Ges avb/Mg gvovB I SvovB GKmv‡_ m¤úbœ nq| wcwU‡q gvovB c×wZi cwie‡Z© G
hš¿ e¨env‡i cÖwZ †n±‡i 1,000 UvKv mvkªq Kiv hvq|
weª cvIqvi DB‡bvqvi
wPÎ 61| weª I‡cb Wªvg cvIqvi †_ªmvi|
wPÎ 62| weª avb-Mg cvIqvi †_ªmvi|
GwU km¨ SvovB Kivi GKwU hš¿ (wPÎ 63)| hš¿wU Pvjv‡Z yÕRb kªwg‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq|
GwU 0.5 Ak¦ ¶gZv-m¤úbœ †gvUi w`‡q Pvjv‡bv nq| Kzjvq Svov c×wZi cwie‡Z© G hš¿
e¨env‡i 10 ¸Y †ewk avb SvovB Kiv hvq|
weª Wªvqvi
GwU m`¨ gvovBK…Z avb ïKv‡bvi GKwU hš¿ (wPÎ 64)| GwU w`‡q GKev‡i 200-350
†KwR avb ïKv‡bv hvq Ges Gi Rb¨ mgq jv‡M 7-10 NÈv|
weª DbœZ P zjv
GwU cÖPwjZ Muvov Pzjvi DbœZ ms¯‥iY (wPÎ 65)| nvjKv I fvix me ai‡bi R¡vjvwbB G
Pzjvq e¨envi Kiv hvq| G Pzjvq Muvov Pzjvi Zzjbvq kZKiv 40-45 fvM R¡vjvwb LiP
Kg nq|
av‡bi exR cÖvw߯’vb
weª D™¢vweZ av‡bi RvZmg~‡ni weªWvi exR wewfbœ miKvwi-†emiKvwi ms¯’v I e¨w³ Lv‡Zi
cÖwZôvb weª m`i`ßi MvRxcyi †_‡K msMÖn K‡i| cieZ©x ch©v‡q GB weªWvi exR †_‡K
Zviv ewa©Z AvKv‡i Ab¨vb¨ †kªYxi exR Drcv`b K‡i Zv mviv †`‡k K…lK ch©v‡q mieivn
K‡i| avb exR wecYb e¨e¯’v Ges exR †bUIqvK© m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ i‡q‡Q
Ôevsjv‡`k ivBm b‡jR e¨vsKÕ-G| G b‡jR e¨vs‡Ki wVKvbv:
www.knowledgebank-brri.org
wPÎ 63| weª cvIqvi DB‡bvqvi|
wPÎ 64| weª Wªvqvi|
wPÎ 65| weª DbœZ Pzjv|
weª Aby‡gvw`Z K„wl hš¿cvwZ cÖ¯‘ZKviK‡`i wVKvbv
†gmvm© DËiY BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m (cÖv.) wjt, KvwjZjv, w`bvRcyi
†gvevBj : 01718-835592, 0172-7219946
†gmvm© ingvb BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m, _vbv : †fovgviv, WvKNi : †fovgviv
†Rjv : Kzwóqv-7040, †gvevBj : 01711-99651
†gmvm© Kvgvj †gwkb Uzjm, wQjxgcyi, e¸ov| †dvb : 051-6400
†gvevBj : 01716-707195
gWvb© B‡iKkb wjwg‡UW, 223/we †ZRMuvI wkí GjvKv, XvKv-1208
†dvb : 9880592/8822981
gvneye BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m, wewmK wkí bMix, Rvgvjcyi
†gvevBj : 01711-237785
Giev Pvqbv BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m wjwg‡UW, 238 †ZRMuvI wkí GjvKv
XvKv-1208, †dvb : 602840
wgicyi GwMÖKvjPvi IqvK©kc GÛ †Uªwbs ¯‹zj (MAWTS), cíex, wgicyi, XvKv
†dvb : 9882544, 8011107, 8013810, 9002544
†`k BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m, ARni †ivW, †b·KvYv|
evsjv BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m, †MvnvBj †ivW, e¸ov, †gvevBj : 01711-330449
gv‡qi †`vqv BwÄwbqvwis IqvK©m, KzovZjxg, Kzwoj, K-74, XvKv
†gvevBj : 01711-330449
Kzwgjøv †Kv-Acv‡iwUf KviLvbv wjwg‡UW, ivYxi evRvi, Kzwgjøv, †dvb : 081-65428
K…wlhš¿ Avg`vwbKviK cÖwZôv‡bi wVKvbv
The Metal (Pvt) Limited, PBL Tower (14th Floor)
17 North C/A, Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212
Tel : 8835006, 9893981, 01713038288
Corona Tractors Ltd., Kazi Tower (4th Floor)
86 Inner Circular (VIP) Road, Naya Paltan, Dhaka 1000
Tel : 9362527, 9333764, 01711898667
ACI Motors, ACI Centre, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka 1208
Tel : 9885694
cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvc
IRb
1 †KwR = 1,000 MÖvg = 1.1 †mi (cÖvq) = 2.20 cvDÛ (cÖvq)
1 †mi = 933 MÖvg (cÖvq)
1 gY = 40 †mi = 37 †KwR 324 MÖvg (cÖvq)
1 KzB›Uvj = 100 †KwR = 2 gY 27.5 †mi
1 †gwUªK Ub = 1,000 †KwR = 26 gY 31.75 †mi (cÖvq)
•`N©¨
1 Bw = 2.54 †mw›UwgUvi
1 dzU = 30.48 †mw›UwgUvi
1 wgUvi = 100 †mw›UwgUvi = 39.37 Bw = 1 MR 3.37 BwÂ
1 gvBj = 1.609 wK‡jvwgUvi = 1760 MR
1 wK‡jvwgUvi = 1,000 wgUvi = 1093.6 MR
†¶Îdj
1 eM©wgUvi = 1.20 eM©MR (cÖvq) = 10.75 eM©dzU
1 KvVv = 1.67 kZvsk = 66.9 eM©wgUvi
1 weNv = 20 KvVv = 33.33 kZvsk (†Wwmg¨vj) = 1,338 eM©wgUvi = 0.333 GKi
1 GKi = 3.025 weNv = 100 †Wwmg¨vj = 4,846 eM©MR = 4,047 eM©wgUvi
1 †n±i = 2.47 GKi = 7.47 weNv = 10,000 eM©wgUvi
Zij c`v‡_©i gvc
1 wgwjwjUvi = 1 wKDweK †mw›UwgUvi (wmwm)
1 PvgP = 1 Pv PvgP (÷¨vÛvW©) = 5 wmwm
1 wjUvi = 1,000 wmwm
1 wjUvi cvwbi IRb = 1 †KwR (hw` NbZ¡ 1 nq)
Bwi avb bq, weª avb ejyb
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (weª) Gi A‡bK mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I G cÖwZôv‡bi D™¢vweZ av‡bi
RvZ¸‡jv‡K A‡b‡K fyjµ‡g Bwi avb Ges G av‡bi †g․myg‡K Bwi-†ev‡iv †g․myg e‡jb| IRRI
n‡jv wdwjcvB‡b Aew¯’Z AvšÍR©vwZK avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui msw¶ß bvg| weª D™¢vweZ G
avb‡K Bwi avb A_ev BwiÕi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i GKwU †g․my‡gi bvg Ry‡o w`‡q Bwi-†ev‡iv ejvI
mgxPxb bq|
Avgv‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi msw¶ß Bs‡iwR bvg BRRI-Gi mv‡_ avb kãwU hy³ K‡i Bbw÷wUDU
D™¢vweZ av‡bi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q; †hgb, weª avb27, weª avb28, weª avb29 BZ¨vw`| mviv‡`‡k
mKj †g․my‡g Gme weª av‡bi Pvlvev` n‡‛Q|
G‡`‡ki weÁvbx I MYgvby‡li AR©‡bi ¯^xK…wZ Ges RvwZ wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i AvZ¥gh©v`v
mgybœZ ivLvi cÖ‡qvR‡b G fyj ms‡kvab Kiv Riæwi| ZvB Bwi av‡bi cwie‡Z© weª avb Ges Bwi-
†ev‡iv cwinvi K‡i weª-†ev‡iv e‡j wb‡R‡`i gh©v`v Ges m‡PZbZv e„w×i Kv‡R kwiK †nvb|
weªÕi cÖ‡qvRbxq †Uwj‡dvb b¤i
1| gnvcwiPvjK 02-9263815
2| cwiPvjK (M‡elYv) 02-9264053
3| cwiPvjK (cÖkvmb I mvaviY cwiPh©v) 02-9263930
4| D‛P wk¶v I M‡elYv mgšqKvix 02-9294127
5| cÖavb, dwjZ M‡elYv wefvM 02-9294111
6| cÖavb, ivBm dvwg©s wm‡÷gm wefvM 02-9263618
7| cÖavb, KxUZË¡ wefvM 02-9263610
8| cÖavb, Dw™¢` †ivMZË¡ wefvM 02-9294122
9| cÖavb, K…wlZË¡ wefvM 02-9294148
10| cÖavb, g„wËKv weÁvb wefvM 02-9263716
11| cÖavb, †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM 02-9263669
12| cÖavb, Dw™¢` cÖRbb wefvM 02-9263594
13| cÖavb, Lvgvi hš¿cvwZ I dj‡bvËi cÖhyw³ wefvM 02-9294131
14| cÖavb, Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM 02-9294129
15| cÖavb, Dw™¢` kvixiZË¡ wefvM 02-9294133
16| cÖavb, KviLvbv hš¿cvwZ I i¶Yv‡e¶Y wefvM 02-9294132
17| cÖavb, K …wl A_©bxwZ wefvM 02-9263629
18| cÖavb, K…wl cwimsL¨vb wefvM 02-9294112
19| cÖavb, Rxe cÖhyw³ wefvM 02-9263729
20| cÖavb, †K․wj m¤ú` I exR wefvM 02-9263734
21| cÖavb, km¨gvb I cywó wefvM 02-9294138
22| cÖavb, cÖwk¶Y wefvM 02-9294125
23| cÖavb, cÖKvkbv I Rbms‡hvM wefvM 02-9294149
24| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, Kzwgjøv 081-63231/01715382329
25| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, nweMÄ 0449-4443885/01673916703
26| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, ewikvj 0431-71636/01725395749
27| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, fv½v, dwi`cyi 06323-56329/01911345634
28| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, mvZ¶xiv 0471-65038/01552327745
29| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, Kzwóqv 0717-3228/01715011351
30| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, iscyi 0521-64340/01936867366
31| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, ivRkvnx 0721-750168/01716729850
32| cÖavb, weª AvÂwjK Kvh©vjq, †mvbvMvRx 0443-6603101/01715332857
