Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemicals Criteria Catalogue – a guide for investors evaluating the chemicals management
of chemical producers
Avoid riskingyour profit
– stay out of investing in hazardous chemicals
Avoid riskingyour profit
– stay out of investing in hazardous chemicals
Since 1930, the production of industrial chemicals has increased enormously, from 1 million metric tonnes per year to more than 400 million metric tonnes today. The chemical industry is one of the world’s largest industries, and their world sales were valued at €2,353 billion in 2010.1
ChemiCals play a key role in today’s modern society, and bring substantial benefits, e.g. through their use in the healthcare sector. However, the scale on which chemicals are used today, in combination with the fact that many of them are hazardous, gives a situation where chemicals affect nature and our society in unsustainable ways. We know very little or nothing about the long-term effects that many of the chemicals used in products today have on hu-mans, nature and wildlife. Only very few hazardous chemicals are legally restricted.
however we do know that many chemicals are hazardous and do not easily break down, instead they stay in nature for a long time and are trans-ferred through the food chain, resulting in significant levels found in humans and other predators. The impact of hazardous substances is evident not only in industrial areas but also in tropical forests, marine systems, and the Arctic. Some 300 man-made chemi-cals have been found in humans.
hazardous ChemiCals have been linked to illness-es and conditions such as cancer, diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, depression, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, infertility and obesity.
Today our awareness of The effeCTs of hazard-ous chemicals is rapidly increasing thanks to the adoption of a comprehensive legal framework in the EU, REACH. In other parts of the world, like US and China, discussions on more progressive chemicals regulation are ongoing. Consumers and workers around the world, as well as the media and politi-cians, are starting to pose questions about the downsides of our chemical society. Companies are responding to this increased pressure, and in their striving to sell less toxic products often move beyond legal requirements.
By 2018 approximaTely 30,000 suBsTanCes are estimated to have been registered within REACH, and our knowledge about the properties of these substances, and how they affect our health, will be increased. In addition, European Commission officials have promised that all relevant Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) will be identified and included in the REACH Candidate list, which is the first step towards being banned in the EU, by 2020. This under pins the UN 2020 goal to minimise the adverse effects of chemicals on health and the environment.
rEACH is the EU regulation for Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemi-cals. It entered into force in 2007 to streamline and improve the former legislative framework on chemicals of the European Union. REACH places greater responsibility on industry to manage the risks that chemicals may pose to health and the environment. For the first time industry is obliged to produce data on tens of thousands of chemicals, and a systematic way has been established to identify and restrict the use of so-called Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs). REACH is a big step forward in terms of stricter chemicals legislation and will have an impact on further legisla-tive developments worldwide.
1. http://www.cefic.org/Facts-and-Figures/Chemicals-Industry-Profile/
CHEmICAlS AFFECT EVERy dAy OF OUR lIVES 3
CHEmiCAls AffECt EVERy dAy OF OUR lIVES
“The chemical industry is one of the world’s largest industries”
4 WHy SHOUld FINANCIAl INVESTORS CARE AbOUT CHEmICAlS?
Sustainability indicators in financial investment decisions are on the rise. There is a growing market for socially responsible investments (SRI) and indica-tors such as carbon emissions are shown at the bloomberg monitors used by investment profession-als. The 2008 financial crisis has contributed to the view that more than just pure short-term financial figures are needed to evaluate a company.
however, ClimaTe Change and energy con-sumption have so far been the main focus of this development towards more sustainability in invest-ment analyses. Chemicals and other environmental issues still play a subordinate role. In 2010 ChemSec showed that only 21 out of 152 SRI companies used criteria covering chemicals.
The use of hazardous ChemiCals entails huge financial risks. These can take the form of produc-tion plant accidents, product recalls, or workers’ and consumers’ health being adversely affected. It is also important to take into consideration the increased costs associated with reformulating products and modifying processes due to increased regulatory control of hazardous chemicals. Increased public awareness and consumer demand also intensify the pressure on corporate brands not to be associated with chemicals that harm the environment and human health.
There is Today an inCreasing numBer of com-panies, not only well-known consumer brands, but also a few chemical producers, that are developing their product portfolio away from the risk of hazard-ous chemicals. Green chemistry, cradle-to-cradle and other forms of new design and production develop-ment thinking that take into account the whole life cycle of substances or products, are gaining market shares. Therefore there is now the possibility to invest in this development, and at the same time avoid the risk of investing in hazardous chemicals.
as finanCial invesTors have a huge impaCT on the strategic decisions of companies, they can, along with governments, companies, NGOs and the scien-tific community, play a crucial role in striving for a less toxic and contaminated world. The pressure on companies to substitute hazardous chemicals in-creases when, besides regulatory requirements and consumer demands, financial investors also require change towards safer alternatives.
WHy sHould finAnCiAl invEstors CARE AbOUT CHEmICAlS?
2. World Economic Forum, report 2011 “Accelerating the Transition towards Sustainable Investing” http://www.weforum.org/reports/accelerating-transition-towards-sustainable-investing
“Financial markets in particular have great potential to accelerate the tran-sition towards sustainable business practices and sustainable models of economic development.”
World Economic Forum, report 2011 2
3. http://asbestosinthedock.ning.com/4. http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-06/world/hungary.sludge.chemical.spill_1_sludge-reservoir-alumina?_s=PM:WORLD and
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-149223015. Fiduciary guide to toxic chemical risk report, Investor Environmental Health Network, IEHN; http://www.iehn.org/publica-
tions.reports.php6. Toxic stock syndrome, IEHN; http://www.iehn.org/publications.reports.php7. http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2010/11/09/interface-conduct-life-cycle-analyses-all-products
liTigaTion fines:• In Italy in February 2012 the former owner
and a manager of the asbestos conglomer-ate Eternit were found guilty of involuntary manslaughter, and they were sentenced to 16 years in jail and up to €120 million in compensation. The settlement of the trial has been finalised 26 years after Eternit went bankrupt in 1986 and seven years after the final asbestos ban was imposed in Europe in 2005. The verdict sets a potential precedent around the world for exposing workers to hazardous substances. The inhalation of asbestos fibres can cause lung inflammation and cancer, and symptoms can take decades to manifest after exposure.3
• In October 2010 almost two million cubic metres of a toxic by-product from the production of alumina burst from a storage reservoir near Ajka, Hungary. 10 people were killed and 120 injured by the toxic sludge spill. The residue has covered an area of 40 sq km and the contamination has spread into the region´s waterways. mAl Hungarian Aluminium, the metal company responsible, received a €472 million fine.4
• duPont, which manufactures the chemical PFOA, has been fined $10.25 million for with-holding substantial risk information from the US Environmental Protection Agency, plus a $100 million private settlement for conta-mination charges in 2005. PFOA is used in consumer products such as carpets, textiles, and food packaging, also in the manufacture of ‘Teflon’. Studies have linked PFOA with a wide range of health concerns, including liver damage, birth defects, and cancer.5
reCalls: • In 2007 toy-maker mattel was forced into
large-scale recalls following the discovery of lead in its products. Nearly two million toys were recalled. As a result mattel´s share price underperformed the sector by approximately 35 per cent in the second half of the year.
• At the end of 2001, in the middle of Christ-
mas sales, dutch authorities halted the ship-ment of 1.3 million Sony PlayStation game machines because their cables contained illegally high cadmium levels. Sony lost sales and increased costs to rework their product totalled about $150 million.6
CosTs of regulaTion: • Within the European chemicals regulation
REACH, Substances of Very High Concern listed on an Authorisation list cannot be produced for or used in the European market after a ‘sunset date’, unless an authorisation has been granted for a specific use. The base fee for an authorisation of a Substance of Very High Concern in Europe costs €50,000 with no guarantee that an approval will be granted. The first sunset dates are set for 2014.
CosTs of wasTe managemenT can minimize profits, whereby the treatment for hazardous waste is most expensive. Following example shows savings due to reduced waste:• Interface implemented mission Zero goals
of having zero environmental impact and zero footprint by 2020. In November 2010 its founder Ray Anderson reported a reduction in landfill waste of 80 percent and savings of $433 million in avoided waste costs since 1994.7
ExAmplEs of finAnCiAl risks associated with hazardous chemicals
WHy SHOUld FINANCIAl INVESTORS CARE AbOUT CHEmICAlS? 5
Recalls
Source: Bloomberg
–– Mattel Stock Price– Dow Jones Toy Industry index
6 THE CHEmICAl INdUSTRy
The chemical sector is still often seen as an unsus-tainable branch. The chemical disasters in Seveso in Italy (1976), bhopal in India (1984) and the fire at Sandoz in Switzerland (1986) severely damaged the reputation of chemical producers worldwide. Then came the chemical industry’s fierce lobby fights in brussels between 2003 and 2006 to weaken the new EU chemicals regulation REACH. Still today, the chemical industry is highly intransparent, fighting stricter chemicals regulations and a swift imple-mentation of REACH. The industry often focuses its environmental efforts in areas other than its core business, chemicals, such as energy or water usage.
aside from This the sector has undergone a vast restructuring in the last 20 years and many pro-duction facilities have been moved from Europe to Asia. It is therefore important that companies apply strict health and safety standards globally so that sustainability in Europe is not paid for by pollution and diseases in other parts of the world.
The repuTaTion of The ChemiCal indusTry is ranked clearly below the average of all sectors, as shown in figure 2, and has not improved in the past recent years. The only industries less popular are ‘petrol and oil’ and ‘nuclear energy’.
However, chemical products can have many benefits, and are used in a wide range of everyday consumer products. This is why ChemSec believes that sustain-able investors should not exclude the chemical sector as a whole, but analyse the companies differ-ently than today. besides safety and management strategies, the product portfolio of chemical manu-facturers also needs to be evaluated. Some chemical producers are starting to take on the challenge of moving away from hazardous chemicals, so there are opportunities for investors to grasp.
tHE CHEmiCAl industry
european chemical industry’s public image
WHy dOES CHEmSEC ENGAGE IN dIAlOGUE WITH ANd OFFER TOOlS TO INVESTORS? 7
At ChemSec we see the investor sector as a new and important stakeholder in promoting the production and use of safer chemicals. This is why for the last few years we have increasingly been in dialogue with the investment community. many financial investors are asking for more information about the underlying future risks embedded in the chemicals sector. This information has often been found to be well hidden, scarce, and sporadic.
our experienCe is that investment profession-als have an interest in more information about which chemicals are regarded as hazardous and the outlook of future legislative regulations, as well as which companies produce the most hazardous sub-stances, which companies restrict their use in their products, and who is producing safer alternatives.
The answers to some of these questions are not publically disclosed today, such as which chemicals are produced in which quantities by which com-panies. Here the investment community has an important role to play, having the power to require those answers in order to make investments, and hence encourage more transparency and better decision-making.
in our dialogue wiTh The invesTmenT Com-muniTy, ChemSec started by offering the SIN list as a tool to investors. The SIN list is the most com-prehensive list of substances likely to face future regulation in the EU. Today, several investment firms and rating agencies use the SIN list in their invest-ment analysis. However, investors do not invest in substances, they invest in companies.
so we developed The sin produCers lisT8, presenting the companies in Europe producing or importing SIN list chemicals, at least according to the latest publicly available information (in the European Commission ESIS database, latest updated in 2008). We have also initiated a legal process in order to make the European Chemicals Agency disclose the current figures regarding which companies are pro-ducing SIN list chemicals and in which quantities.
In the US the Environmental defence Fund has screened through the Inventory Update Rule (IUR) using the SIN list to present an overview of which chemicals and companies in the US are likely to be affected by future EU regulations.9
The sin lisT has proven to be a useful and appre-ciated tool for identifying industrial chemicals likely to face future restrictions through REACH. However the problem of hazardous chemicals is wider than that, e.g. pesticides used in food production are also a huge area of concern. Pesticides are not regulated under REACH and therefore not covered by the SIN list. Therefore we have now taken the next step in our attempt to provide tools that make it easier for the investment community to avoid investing in high-risk hazardous chemicals by publishing this criteria catalogue.
our vision is a society where the production and use of hazardous substances is restricted, compa-nies have phased these substances out and develop-ed new safer alternatives and changed processes and products, resulting in an exposure of man-made hazardous chemicals that is close to zero.
8. Available online at http://www.chemsec.org/sin-producer-list9. The Across the Pond report is available online at http://www.edf.org/health/reports/across-the-pond
WHy doEs CHEmsEC EngAgE IN dIAlOGUE WITH ANd OFFER TOOlS TO INVESTORS?
tHE sin (substitutE it noW!) list puts pressure on legislators to move forward with speed and urgency and provides companies with a tool to identify and substitute hazardous chemicals and prepare for future regulations. The SIN list currently consists of 378 chemicals that ChemSec has identified as Substances of Very High Concern based on the criteria established by the EU chemical regulation, REACH. These are substances that can cause cancer, alter dNA or damage reproductive systems, substances that do not easily break down, instead building up in nature with a potential to cause serious and long-term irreversible effects, as well as substances of equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine-disrupting chemicals). The SIN list was built through the combined efforts of public interest groups, scientists, and technical experts. www.sinlist.org
8 WHy A CRITERIA CATAlOGUE ANd HOW CAN IT bE USEd?
This criteria catalogue is the first of its kind aiming to cover all aspects of chemical risks and oppor-tunities for chemical manufacturers. It presents a comprehensive set of powerful questions to enable investment professionals to judge all relevant aspects of the performance of a chemical-producing company. The criteria catalogue highlights how sound chemcials management avoiding environ-mental, health and financial risks includes more than the hazardousness of the chemicals used and produced.
some asseT managers already exclude producers of certain chemical product groups. However these exclusion criteria, such as ozone-depleting sub-stances, or agro- and chlorinated chemicals, reflect the debate of the 1980s. It is time to expand it, and the exclusion criteria presented in this criteria cata-logue include the latest legislative developments, such as the amended global Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants and the European chemicals legislation REACH.
raTing agenCies for susTainaBle invesTmenTs are already covering chemical safety issues in their analysis, and in more detail in their “positive crite-ria”, such as indicators of product safety, emissions, customer information and staff training. However, the analysis of a chemical company’s product portfolio and its sustainability has not been done in a comprehensive way, most likely due to lack of information. This criteria catalogue aims to fill this gap by including this analysis. We believe that more
information will be available in the future, through regulatory measures, public pressure for more trans-parency – and investors inquiries.
ExClusion CritEriA – our recommendation is to exclude companies that are still producing substances, which are internationally regarded as hazardous, and listed in the regulations included in the exclusion criteria.
positivE CritEriA – this section presents all relevant questions about chemical risks and opportunities and the answers to them are intended to give a full picture of the financial risks of a company’s chemicals management. Possible data sources can also be found in the table.
asseT managers have differenT prioriTies for their investment strategies, and this is the reason why the criteria catalogue presents 38 indicators aiming at covering all aspects of chemical risks and opportunities for chemical manufacturers. Therefore we advise, when needed, to pick the most relevant questions. To make the criteria catalogue user friendly, we have highlighted the 5 most important chemical indicators (number 1, 2, 3, 6 and 37). For some of the questions it will currently be difficult to get sufficient answers, nevertheless the more investment professionals ask these questions, the more likely it will be that the chemical industry becomes more transparent and hence spurs on innovation and the development of safer products and processes.
There is also The possiBiliTy To use a single criterion in engagement strategies. Especially when publicly available information is missing, questions can be raised in discussions with company manage-ment, used in shareholder resolutions or in proxy voting at company annual general meetings.
WHy A CritEriA CAtAloguE ANd HOW CAN IT bE USEd?
“This criteria catalogue is the first of its kind aiming to cover all aspects of chemical risks and opportunities for chemical manufacturers”
The indiCaTors are presenTed in a format and structure easily workable for sustainable investment professionals, based on the structure of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The sections “chemicals” and “society” have been added to the GRI structure, since we see them as indispensable.
There is also the possibility for stakeholders other than financial investors to use this criteria cata-logue, as it gives a full picture of the chemicals management of a chemical-producing company. It gives guidance to manufacturers of chemicals on what issues to look into in order to be prepared for future investment analysis. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) does not currently cover the issue of hazardous chemicals in its environmental section, and we believe this criteria catalogue can also be useful in the process of including the issue in the GRI guidelines.
WHy A CRITERIA CATAlOGUE ANd HOW CAN IT bE USEd? 9
domini Social Investment, As you Sow, and Trillium Asset management filed a resolution on getting a report on the use of the contro-versial substance bisphenol A (bPA) in the cans of Coca-Cola. bPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that can mimic oestrogen in the body. Even at low doses it has been linked to health effects such as cancer, obesity, and fertility problems. The investors network wanted to get a report on Coca-Cola´s strategy towards de-veloping alternatives to bPA in can linings. The resolution gained 22 percent of the vote in 2010 and 25 percent when raised again in 2011. 10
example of shareholder resoluTions on single ConTroversial suBsTanCes
10. http://www.asyousow.org/health_safety/bpa_coke.shtml
10 OTHER INITIATIVES TO PUSH COmPANIES TO dISClOSE INFORmATION AbOUT SUSTAINAbIlITy
In 2003 mandatory reporting requirements for large corporations were introduced in the EU. The accounting legislation11 and the Federation of European Accountants state that “transparency on sustainability will no longer be a matter only for voluntary reporting by entities who recognise a responsibility to inform their stakeholders on their sustainability performance.”12 but what needs to be reported in terms of sustainability performance? dr. Axel Hesse has defined, in his work “Sustainable development Key Performance Indicators (Sd-KPIs) Standard 2010-2014”, the relevant three most
important sustainability indicators for the financial performance for each of the 68 industries, among them hazardous waste and toxic materials.13
The automotive sector has already been faced with a court case to make the CO2 emissions of their cars publicly available. The question is when the first court case confronting the chemical industry to report on their reduction of hazardous substances will occur.
11. Europe directives 78/660/EC und 83/349/EC12. http://www.fee.be/publications/default.asp?library_ref=4&content_ref=931, Discussion paper Sustainability Information
in Annual Reports - Building on Implementation of the Modernisation Directive13. http://www.sd-m.de/index.php?Itemid=285&id=138&option=com_content&task=view&lang=en
otHEr initiAtivEs to pusH CompAniEs to disClosE INFORmATION AbOUT SUSTAINAbIlITy
“What you measure, you can manage and subsequently change”
OTHER INITIATIVES TO PUSH COmPANIES TO dISClOSE INFORmATION AbOUT SUSTAINAbIlITy 11
12 THE CHAllENGE OF dEFINING HAZARdOUS SUbSTANCES ANd SAFER AlTERNATIVES
There is no global definition of what is a hazardous substance. In the process leading up to this criteria catalogue we have screened various sources and attempts to define this. The SIN list, being well-established, scientifically based and strictly using REACH criteria for Substances of Very High Concern, is a highly useful tool. Nevertheless the SIN list only covers REACH relevant substances and excludes other substance groups like pesticides and pharma-ceuticals, since they are not included in REACH. Also REACH does not cover all hazardous properties, like sensitising or neurotoxic properties.
For pesticides we recommend the use of the Pesti-cides Action Network (PAN) “International list of Highly Hazardous Pesticides”.
The spreading of pharmaceuticals into the environ-ment is also a major concern. Pharmaceuticals are
produced to improve health, and it is very difficult to weigh positive against negative effects. besides human health there are environmental aspects, e.g. the painkiller diclofenac is currently being consider-ed for inclusion in the Water Framework directive as a priority substance as it is persistent and therefore hardly biodegradable. We have chosen to exclude the substance group of pharmaceuticals from this set of criteria but we recognise that their negative impact on the environment should be taken into consideration whenever data is available.
defining hazardous substances is the first step, the next is to define safer alternatives. When is a sub-stitute better? This criteria catalogue highlights two tools to be used in aiming to answer this question – SUbSPORT and GreenScreen.
tHE CHAllEngE of dEfining HAZARdOUS SUbSTANCES ANd SAFER AlTERNATIVES
THE CHAllENGE OF dEFINING HAZARdOUS SUbSTANCES ANd SAFER AlTERNATIVES 13
The SUbSPORT web portal, developed by ChemSec and three other European partners, is an online resource for substitution support. One part of SUbSPORT is an alternatives database with substitu-tion case stories from companies and organisations. The alternatives presented in the database are going through a brief assessment before publication. This assessment is to screen if the alternative is present on the “database of hazardous substances according to SUbSPORT screening criteria (SdSC)”. This database consists of a set of priority substance lists representing substance proper-ties that SUbSPORT regard as undesirable. These properties are CmR, PbT, endocrine-disrupting, sensitising and neurotoxic. The user of SUbSPORT, however, is recommended to perform a more thorough assessment of alternatives before full implementation of an alternative, using some of the methods for alternatives assessment presented on SUbSPORT. One of these methods is the Green Screen, presented below.
www.subsport.eu
su bsport
A comprehensive approach to assessing chemical alternatives is the GreenScreen for Safer Chemi-cals, developed by the US-based NGO Clean Production Action. A full GreenScreen assessment involves a literature search for 18 specific hazardous properties as well as known and predicted transformation products of the chemical. It also compensates for lack of data, so that less-studied chemicals are not scored higher than well-studied chemicals. When all specific hazardous proper-ties have been studied the results are translated into a “benchmark” of 1-4 where 4 represents a safe chemical. In this way alternatives can be easily compared.
www.cleanproduction.org/greenscreen
grEEnsCrEEn
The Pesticide Action Network’s (PAN) “International list of Highly Hazardous Pesticides” is based on internationally recognised classifications of pesticides by hazard. It lists highly hazardous pesticides according to their acute toxicity, long-term effects, and environmental toxicity. Additionally it lists pesticides that are regulated by the Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention and montreal Protocol.13 The PAN list is based on classifications of internationally recognised institutions, e.g. the World Health Organisation (WHO), the US Environmental Protection Agency, the European Com-mission and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The WHO classification mainly addresses the acute toxicity, but only partly long-term effects and no environmental toxicity. There-fore PAN does not just use the WHO classification (all pesticides which are in WHO class 1a and 1b are on the PAN list) but also other internationally well recognised classifications which cover acute inhalative toxicity (not covered by WHO) and specific long-term effects comprehensively (e.g. cancer or reproductive toxicity).
http://www.pan-germany.org/gbr/project_work/highly_hazardous_pesticides.html
tHE pAn intErnAtionAl list of HigHly HAzArdous pEstiCidEs
The identification of the most hazardous chemicals is discussed at international and regional levels. The following international treaties and conventions have been agreed by a majority of countries world-wide. They list some of the most hazardous chemi-cals identified and agreed so far. This is an on-going process and new substances are added on a regular basis. We recommend that companies producing or using those substances should be excluded from sustainable investments.
INTERNATIONAl AGREEmENTS
A. Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs (Stockholm Convention)The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographi-cally, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have adverse effects on human health or the environment. The Stockholm Convention was adopted in 2001, entered into force in 2004 and was amended in 2009. 173 countries have ratified the Convention. It currently lists 21 POPs.14
B. Annex III Chemicals of the Rotter-dam ConventionThe “Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade” is a multilate-ral treaty. It enables countries to get informed about the import of hazardous substances listed in Annex III. It covers pesticides and industrial chemicals that have been banned or severely restricted for health or environmental reasons by Parties to the Convention. The Convention was adopted in 1998, entered into force in 2004, has 128 parties and currently covers 43 substances. 15
C. Substances that deplete the ozone layer (montreal Protocol)The montreal Protocol is an international treaty that reduces “the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the earth´s fragile ozone layer”. The treaty entered into force in 1989 and has been ratified by 196 states and the European Union. It currently covers 96 substances. 16
14 ExClUSION CRITERIA
ExClusion CritEriA
14. http://chm.pops.int/Convention/ThePOPs/ListingofPOPs/tabid/2509/Default.aspx15. http://www.pic.int/Default.aspx?tabid=113216. http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/Treaties/treaty_text.php?treatyID=2&secID=60
1.
ExClUSION CRITERIA 15
D. Pesticides classified as Extremely Hazardous and Highly Hazardous by the World Health Organisation (WHO Red-list, Class 1a, 1b)The WHO Red list sets out a classification system to distinguish between the more and the less hazardous forms of selected pesticides based on acute risk to human health. Category 1a currently lists 28 pesticides as being extremely hazardous and in category 1 b, there are 58 substances named as highly hazardous.17
E. OSPAR list of priority action OSPAR is the mechanism by which fifteen govern-ments together with the European Community cooperate to protect the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic. This collaboration was initiated in 1972 with the Oslo Convention against dumping from ships and aircrafts. The Paris Convention of 1974 broadened it to cover land-based sources and the offshore industry. These two conventions were unified, updated and extended into the 1992 OSPAR Convention. OSPAR currently lists 50 substance groups.18
REGIONAl AGREEmENTSIn addition, many regional legislative measures de-fine hazardous chemicals and aim to restrict or ban them, at least for some uses. Chemical companies with a sincere sustainability strategy are already able to avoid the production of those chemicals. Nevertheless if all companies producing these were excluded from sustainable investments, there would be very few companies left. Therefore we do not list them here with, except one exemption:
F. The Candidate list of the EU chemicals legislation REACHREACH, the European chemicals legislation, deserves attention, as it is the most far-reaching legal instru-ment at the moment. Substances that have been placed on the so-called “Candidate list” are conside-red by the EU as Substances of Very High Concern. From there, the EU derives chemicals to be placed on a so-called Authorisation list, in which substances will eventually be banned when not authorised. This Candidate list gets extended every half year, currently listing 73 substances, and the aim is to list all relevant ones by 2020. To invest in companies producing or using these Substances of Very High Concern implies huge financial risks: reformulation of products and processes, customers buying safer alternatives from different suppliers, reputation and profit losses. Therefore Candidate list substan-ces should be phased out as soon as possible and investors should make sure that companies do not produce or use them.19
All substances and substance groups included in these treaties and conventions are listed in the Substance Annex.
17. http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/pesticides_hazard/en/18. http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu=00940304440000_000000_00000019. http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table
16 POSITIVE CRITERIA
positivE CritEriA– Top 5 highlighted
2.
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
1En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Prod
uctio
n of
haz
ardo
us
chem
ical
s
If th
e ab
ove-
liste
d ex
clus
ion
crite
ria is
not
use
d: N
umbe
r and
pe
rcen
tage
of r
even
ue +
qua
nti-
ties p
rodu
ced
for a
ll su
bsta
nces
lis
ted
with
in th
e in
tern
atio
nal
legi
slat
ions
, see
abo
ve-m
entio
ned
excl
usio
n cr
iteria
, as w
ell a
s Sub
-st
ance
Ann
ex, A
, b, C
, d, a
nd E
.
Com
pany
The
excl
usio
n cr
iteria
nam
e su
bsta
nces
that
hav
e be
en a
gree
d on
at a
n in
tern
atio
nal l
evel
to b
e th
e m
ost h
azar
dous
. Tho
se
subs
tanc
es sh
ould
be
phas
ed o
ut a
s soo
n as
pos
sibl
e. A
t the
m
omen
t inf
orm
atio
n ab
out p
rodu
ctio
n of
haz
ardo
us su
bsta
nces
is
not
pub
licly
ava
ilabl
e in
a su
ffici
ently
tran
spar
ent m
anne
r, but
is
esse
ntia
l to
eval
uate
the
core
bus
ines
s of c
hem
ical
com
pani
es.
Shou
ld b
e 0
2En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Prod
uctio
n of
haz
ardo
us
chem
ical
s
Num
ber a
nd p
erce
ntag
e of
re-
venu
e +
quan
titie
s pro
duce
d of
al
l Sub
stan
ces o
f Ver
y H
igh
Con-
cern
(SVH
C) li
sted
on
the
rEAC
H
cand
idat
e lis
t, se
e Su
bsta
nces
An
nex,
F.
Com
pany
Subs
tanc
es o
f Ver
y H
igh
Conc
ern
will
eve
ntua
lly b
e ba
nned
whe
n no
t aut
horis
ed in
the
EU in
the
com
ing
year
s. Th
e sm
alle
r the
pe
r cen
tage
the
bett
er
3En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Prod
uctio
n of
haz
ardo
us
chem
ical
s
Num
ber a
nd p
erce
ntag
e of
re
venu
e +
quan
titie
s pro
duce
d of
all
subs
tanc
es li
sted
on
the
SIN
list
and
pes
ticid
es li
sted
on
PAN
’s “In
tern
atio
nal l
ist o
f Hig
hly
Haz
ardo
us P
estic
ides
”.
Com
pany
The
SIN
list
cont
ains
subs
tanc
es id
entifi
ed b
y Ch
emSe
c as “
Sub-
stan
ces o
f Ver
y H
igh
Conc
ern”
acc
ordi
ng to
REA
CH cr
iteria
. The
se
are
subs
tanc
es th
at a
re li
kely
to b
e re
stric
ted
or b
anne
d w
ithin
the
EU in
the
com
ing
10 ye
ars.20
The
PAN
list
pro
vide
s a b
asis
for a
ctio
n to
impl
emen
t a p
ro-
gres
sive
ban
of h
ighl
y ha
zard
ous p
estic
ides
. It u
ses i
nter
natio
nal
exis
ting
crite
ria a
nd a
lso
incl
udes
indi
cato
rs su
ch a
s end
ocrin
e-di
srup
ting
prop
ertie
s, ec
otox
icol
ogic
al p
rope
rtie
s, or
inha
lativ
e to
xici
ty. 21
The
smal
ler t
he
per c
enta
ge th
e be
tter
4En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Chem
ical
m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
ms
Syst
emat
ic a
nd co
ntin
uous
as
sess
men
t of h
azar
d pr
ofile
of
chem
ical
s – in
clud
ing
man
age-
men
t str
ateg
ies t
o re
flect
the
prec
autio
nary
prin
cipl
e in
Art
icle
15
of t
he R
io P
rinci
ples
in th
e pr
o-du
ctio
n an
d us
e of
chem
ical
s.
Com
pany
GRI
3.1-4
.11
The
1998
Win
gspr
ead
Stat
emen
t sum
mar
ises
the
prin
cipl
e: ”W
hen
an a
ctiv
ity ra
ises
thre
ats o
f har
m to
hum
an h
ealth
or t
he e
nviro
n-m
ent,
prec
autio
nary
mea
sure
s sho
uld
be ta
ken
even
if so
me
caus
e an
d ef
fect
rela
tions
hips
are
not
fully
est
ablis
hed
scie
ntifi
cally
.” H
ow is
the
prec
autio
nary
prin
cipl
e re
flect
ed in
the
chem
ical
s m
anag
emen
t?Th
e an
swer
shou
ld sh
ow a
syst
emat
ic ch
emic
als m
anag
emen
t, e.
g. q
uant
itativ
e ta
rget
s to
elim
inat
e ha
zard
ous c
hem
ical
s with
tim
elin
e, sy
stem
atic
scre
enin
g fo
r haz
ards
dur
ing
R&d
pha
se e
tc.
Qua
litat
ive
indi
cato
r
5En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Chem
ical
m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
ms
Rem
oval
/sub
stitu
tion
of h
azar
-do
us su
bsta
nces
(defi
ned
in 1,
2 an
d 3)
: num
ber o
f sub
stitu
tion
activ
ities
, sub
stan
ces,
quan
tifi-
able
targ
ets a
nd ti
mel
ine.
Com
pany
If th
e co
mpa
ny p
rodu
ces/
uses
haz
ardo
us su
bsta
nces
, it is
ess
entia
l to
see
thei
r will
ingn
ess a
nd p
rogr
ess t
o ph
ase
them
out
ove
rtim
e.H
as to
be
seen
in re
latio
n to
1,2
and
3
20. w
ww
.sinl
ist.o
rg
21. h
ttp:
//w
ww
.pan
-ger
man
y.org
/gbr
/pro
ject
_wor
k/hi
ghly
_haz
ardo
us_p
estic
ides
.htm
l
POSITIVE CRITERIA 17
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
6En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Alte
rnat
ives
Num
ber a
nd p
erce
ntag
e of
reve
-nu
e of
chem
ical
s con
side
red
as
Gre
en C
hem
istr
y or
env
ironm
en-
tally
ben
ign.
Com
pany
SUbS
PORT
22
Gre
en S
cree
n 23
Ther
e is
a n
eed
for s
afer
chem
ical
s to
repl
ace
haza
rdou
s sub
stan
-ce
s. Th
e pr
oduc
tion
of sa
fer a
ltern
ativ
es is
ess
entia
l to
impr
ove
hum
an h
ealth
and
pro
tect
the
envi
ronm
ent.
The
defin
ition
of
wha
t is a
safe
alte
rnat
ive
is st
ill u
nder
dev
elop
men
t, pr
ojec
ts su
ch
as S
UbS
PORT
and
Gre
enSc
reen
can
be u
sed
for e
valu
atio
n.Su
bsta
nces
pas
sing
Gre
enSc
reen
criti
era
for b
ench
mar
k 4
or e
qui-
vale
nt (i
f eva
luat
ion
syst
em is
show
n).
The
high
er th
e pe
rcen
tage
the
bett
er
7En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Stra
tegy
to
war
ds sa
fer
chem
ical
s
ded
icat
ed p
rogr
amm
e to
in-
crea
se G
reen
Che
mis
try,
num
ber
of p
erso
ns tr
aine
d, e
xist
ence
of
Gre
en C
hem
istr
y de
part
men
t.
Com
pany
doe
s the
com
pany
sinc
erel
y w
ork
on g
reen
ing
thei
r che
mic
als m
a-na
gem
ent?
How
are
gre
ener
conc
epts
app
lied?
Are
ther
e co
ncre
te
targ
ets/
prog
ram
mes
?Q
ualit
ativ
e in
dica
tor
8En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Stra
tegy
to
war
ds sa
fer
chem
ical
s
Repo
rtin
g on
key
chem
ical
topi
cs
and
conc
erns
that
hav
e be
en
rais
ed th
roug
h st
akeh
olde
r eng
a-ge
men
t, nu
mbe
r of r
eque
sts f
rom
co
nsum
ers a
nd st
akeh
olde
rs,
perc
enta
ge o
f req
uest
s act
ed o
n.
Com
pany
Conc
erns
on
chem
ical
topi
cs ra
ised
by
cust
omer
s, co
nsum
ers a
nd
publ
ic in
tere
st g
roup
s are
an
indi
cato
r for
the
need
of s
ubst
itutio
n.
A co
mpa
ny ca
n ga
in cr
edib
ility
whe
n na
min
g th
em p
ublic
ally
and
re
port
ing
on th
e im
plem
enta
tion
and
prog
ress
tow
ards
taki
ng
them
into
acc
ount
.
Qua
litat
ive
indi
cato
r
9En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Safe
tyPe
rcen
tage
of i
nher
ently
safe
re
actio
ns.
Com
pany
Inhe
rent
ly sa
fe re
actio
ns a
void
haz
ards
, par
ticul
arly
by
redu
cing
th
e us
e of
haz
ardo
us m
ater
ials
. The
y al
so u
se a
ltern
ativ
e re
actio
n ro
utes
or p
roce
ss co
nditi
ons i
n or
der t
o el
imin
ate
the
risk
of ru
na-
way
exo
ther
mic
reac
tions
, fire
s, ex
plos
ions
, and
/or t
he g
ener
atio
n or
rele
ase
of to
xic m
ater
ials
.
Shou
ld b
e 10
0 pe
rcen
t
10En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Cont
rove
r-si
al sc
ienc
e an
d m
etho
ds
Num
ber o
f nan
omat
eria
ls p
rodu
-ce
d an
d pe
rcen
tage
of r
even
ue
from
nan
omat
eria
ls.
Com
pany
mat
eria
ls in
nan
osca
le ca
n sh
ow d
iffer
ent p
rope
rtie
s com
pare
d to
thei
r bul
k fo
rm. A
s lon
g as
risk
s are
not
ass
esse
d in
depe
nden
tly
of th
e co
rres
pond
ing
bulk
mat
eria
l - p
rodu
ctio
n, d
owns
trea
m u
se,
and
disp
osal
hav
e to
be
follo
wed
clos
ely
as th
ey im
ply
inca
lcul
able
ris
ks.
Perc
enta
ge sh
ould
be
smal
l com
pare
d to
ov
eral
l rev
enue
as l
ong
as ri
sks a
re n
ot p
rope
rly
asse
ssed
11En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Cont
rove
r-si
al sc
ienc
e an
d m
etho
ds
Perc
enta
ge a
nd m
etho
dolo
gy o
f he
alth
and
safe
ty a
sses
smen
ts o
f na
nom
ater
ials
prio
r to
mar
ketin
g.Co
mpa
ny
Suffi
cien
t ass
essm
ents
and
mea
sure
s nee
d to
be
cond
ucte
d pr
ior
to co
mm
erci
alis
atio
n no
t onl
y fo
r the
bul
k fo
rm o
f sub
stan
ces,
but
also
for t
he n
ano
form
. The
unc
erta
intie
s reg
ardi
ng th
e ap
plic
a-bi
lity
of st
anda
rd ri
sk a
sses
smen
t met
hods
for n
anom
ater
ials,
in
clud
ing
dow
nstr
eam
use
and
dis
posa
l, nee
d to
be
take
n in
to
serio
us co
nsid
erat
ion.
A p
reca
utio
nary
app
roac
h sh
ould
be
take
n fo
r the
eva
luat
ion
of te
st re
sults
. At l
east
a p
relim
inar
y ris
k as
-se
ssm
ent s
houl
d be
cond
ucte
d, su
ch a
s des
crib
ed b
y th
e G
erm
an
Nan
odia
logu
e24 o
r the
Sw
iss V
orso
rger
aste
r25. W
hich
met
hods
hav
e be
en u
sed
also
nee
ds to
be
expl
aine
d.
The
high
er th
e pe
rcen
tage
the
bett
er /
Qua
litat
ive
indi
cato
r
22. w
ww
.subs
port
.eu23
. ww
w.cl
eanp
rodu
ctio
n.or
g/Gr
eens
cree
n.ph
p24
. htt
p://
ww
w.b
mu.
de/f
iles/
pdfs
/allg
emei
n/ap
plica
tion/
pdf/n
anot
echn
olog
ien_
fach
dial
og1_
beric
ht_e
n.pd
f25
. htt
p://
ww
w.b
ag.a
dmin
.ch/n
anot
echn
olog
ie/1
2171
/121
74/in
dex.
htm
l?lan
g=de
18 POSITIVE CRITERIA
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
12En
viro
nmen
tCh
emic
als
Cont
rove
rsia
l sc
ienc
e an
d m
etho
ds
Num
ber a
nd p
erce
ntag
e of
re
venu
e of
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
or
gani
sms (
Gm
Os)
and
synt
hetic
bi
olog
y.
Com
pany
A ge
netic
ally
mod
ified
org
anis
m (G
mO
) has
bee
n al
tere
d us
ing
proc
edur
es fo
r iso
latin
g an
d re
com
bini
ng p
arts
of t
he g
enet
ic m
a-te
rial a
nd th
en tr
ansf
errin
g th
ese
cons
truc
ts in
to o
ther
org
anis
ms.
The
alle
ged
bene
fits o
f red
uced
nee
d fo
r pes
ticid
es a
nd im
prov
ed
yiel
d, cl
aim
ed b
y th
e in
dust
ry a
re a
ccom
pani
ed b
y ris
ks li
ke th
e de
velo
pmen
t of r
esis
tanc
e to
her
bici
des u
sed
and
the
depe
nden
ce
of fa
rmer
s on
seed
and
gen
etic
-eng
inee
ring
com
pani
es. In
par
ti-cu
lar,
the
risk
of u
ncon
trol
labl
e tr
ansf
er o
f gen
es a
nd th
e fa
ct th
ere
are
no w
ays o
f rec
allin
g G
mO
s im
ply
inca
lcul
able
risk
s for
soci
ety,
but a
lso
for t
he co
mpa
ny d
ue to
lega
l res
tric
tion,
litig
atio
n an
d re
puta
tion
loss
.
Perc
enta
ge sh
ould
be
smal
l com
pare
d to
ove
r-al
l rev
enue
13En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Ef
fluen
t,
Was
teW
aste
Kg
of h
azar
dous
was
te p
rodu
ced
per m
io U
Sd re
venu
e an
d di
s-po
sal m
etho
d.
GRI
3.1- E
N22
Com
pany
Euro
pean
Pol
luta
nt
Rele
ase
and
Tran
sfer
Re
gist
er 26
Info
rmat
ion
on w
aste
gen
erat
ion
figur
es in
dica
tes t
he u
se o
f ha-
zard
ous s
ubst
ance
s and
how
muc
h of
thes
e ha
ve b
een
left
ove
r. d
ispo
sal m
etho
ds ca
n be
land
fills
and
inci
nera
tion.
mor
e en
viro
n-m
enta
l frie
ndly
opt
ions
like
reus
e an
d re
cycl
ing
are
diffi
cult
whe
n w
aste
cont
ains
haz
ardo
us su
bsta
nces
.
The
less
haz
ardo
us w
aste
th
e be
tter
14En
viro
nmen
tEm
issi
ons,
Ef
fluen
t,
Was
teW
aste
Tren
d of
haz
ardo
us w
aste
pro
-du
ced
with
in th
e la
st 5
year
s: Re
duct
ion
of 5
% p
.a. o
r mor
e –
wei
ghte
d ag
ains
t rev
enue
.
GRI
3.1- E
N22
Co
mpa
ny:
mul
tiple
an
nual
repo
rts
dat
a on
was
te g
ener
atio
n fig
ures
ove
r sev
eral
year
s can
indi
cate
th
e le
vel o
f pro
gres
s the
org
anis
atio
n ha
s mad
e to
war
d w
aste
re
duct
ion
effo
rts o
r pha
sing
out
haz
ardo
us su
bsta
nces
. It ca
n al
so
indi
cate
pot
entia
l im
prov
emen
ts in
pro
cess
effi
cien
cy a
nd p
rodu
c-tiv
ity. S
igni
fican
t cos
ts fo
r was
te tr
eatm
ent c
an b
e sa
ved.
The
high
er th
e pe
r-ce
ntag
e of
redu
ctio
n
the
bett
er
15En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Ef
fluen
t,
Was
teW
aste
Kg o
f tra
nspo
rted
, impo
rted
, ex
port
ed o
r tre
ated
haz
ardo
us
was
te u
nder
the
term
s of b
asel
Co
nven
tion
Anne
x I, I
I, III
and
IV
per m
io U
Sd re
venu
e.
GRI
3.1- E
N24
,Co
mpa
ny
The
base
l Con
vent
ion
aim
s to
redu
ce th
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
of h
azar
d-ou
s was
te b
etw
een
natio
ns, a
nd sp
ecifi
cally
to p
reve
nt tr
ansf
er
of h
azar
dous
was
te fr
om d
evel
oped
to le
ss d
evel
oped
coun
trie
s, w
hich
lack
capa
citie
s and
regu
latio
ns to
trea
t the
was
te in
a
suffi
cien
t man
ner t
o m
inim
ise
nega
tive
effe
cts f
or h
ealth
and
th
e en
viro
nmen
t. Co
mpa
nies
in th
e EU
are
obl
iged
to n
otify
loca
l au
thor
ities
abo
ut tr
ansf
ers o
f haz
ardo
us w
aste
.
The
less
the
bett
er
16En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Ef
fluen
t,
Was
te
Emis
sion
to
the
air
Emis
sion
of o
zone
dep
letin
g su
bsta
nces
in k
g pe
r mio
USd
re
venu
e.
GRI
3.1- E
N19
Com
pany
due
to th
e m
ontr
eal P
roto
col t
he p
rodu
ctio
n of
chlo
roflu
orca
rbon
(C
FCs)
, use
d as
refr
iger
ants
, pro
pella
nts a
nd so
lven
ts h
as b
een
phas
ed o
ut. T
he su
bcla
ss h
ydro
chlo
roflu
oroc
arbo
ns (H
CFCs
) are
st
ill p
rodu
ced
and
UN
EP re
port
s a d
ram
atic
incr
ease
in p
rodu
ctio
n in
Chi
na a
nd In
dia.
Thi
s gro
up a
nd o
ther
ozo
ne-d
eple
ting
sub-
stan
ces s
houl
d be
pha
sed
out.
Shou
ld b
e 0
kg
26. h
ttp:
//pr
tr.ec
.euro
pa.eu
/Was
teTr
ansf
er.a
spx
/ Sel
ect “
haza
rdou
s was
te” a
nd “f
acili
ty”
POSITIVE CRITERIA 19
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
17En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Ef
fluen
t,
Was
te
Emis
sion
s to
the
air
Kg o
f em
issi
ons o
f NO
x an
d SO
2 an
d Pm
into
the
air p
er m
io U
Sd
reve
nue.
GRI
3.1- E
N20
, Eu
rope
an P
ollu
tant
Re
leas
e an
d Tr
ansf
er
Regi
ster
, Com
pany
The
air p
ollu
tant
s nitr
ogen
oxi
des (
NO
x), s
ulph
ur d
ioxi
de (S
O2)
and
pa
rtic
ulat
e m
atte
r Pm
10 o
r Pm
2.5
are
emitt
ed p
rimar
ily fr
om co
m-
bust
ion
sour
ces s
uch
as p
ower
pla
nts,
heat
ing
plan
ts a
nd m
otor
ve
hicl
es. A
ll th
ese
pollu
tant
s cau
se h
ealth
dam
age,
SO2
and
NO
x co
ntrib
ute
to a
cidi
ficat
ion
and
NO
x al
so co
ntrib
utes
to e
utro
phic
a-tio
n an
d th
e fo
rmat
ion
of g
roun
d-le
vel o
zone
.
The
less
the
bett
er
18En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Ef
fluen
t, W
aste
Emis
sion
s to
the
air
Kg o
f VO
Cs in
to th
e ai
r per
mio
U
Sd re
venu
e
Euro
pean
Pol
luta
nt
Rele
ase
and
Tran
sfer
Re
gist
er
Vola
tile
orga
nic c
ompo
unds
(VO
Cs) a
re a
ir po
lluta
nts e
mitt
ed fr
om
solv
ents
, sol
vent
-con
tain
ing
prod
ucts
, mot
or ve
hicl
es a
nd in
dust
-ria
l pro
cess
es. m
any V
OCs
can
have
dire
ct h
ealth
impa
cts a
nd a
lso
cont
ribut
e to
the
form
atio
n of
gro
und-
leve
l ozo
ne th
at ca
uses
da
mag
e to
hea
lth a
nd th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
The
less
the
bett
er
19En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Efflu
ent,
Was
te
Emis
sion
s to
the
air
Oth
er re
leva
nt e
mis
sion
s int
o th
e ai
r, spe
cifie
d, in
kg
per m
io U
Sd
reve
nue.
Nat
iona
l and
Eu
rope
an P
ollu
tant
Re
leas
e an
d Tr
ansf
er
Regi
ster
Incl
udes
em
issi
ons o
f hea
vy m
etal
s (e.
g. m
ercu
ry, c
adm
ium
and
le
ad) a
nd p
ersi
sten
t org
anic
pol
luta
nts (
POPs
) suc
h as
dio
xins
, fu
rans
and
bro
min
ated
flam
e re
tard
ants
. The
se p
ollu
tant
s can
ca
use
dam
age
to h
ealth
and
the
natu
ral e
nviro
nmen
t.
The
less
the
bett
er
20
Envi
ronm
ent
Emis
sion
s,
Efflu
ent,
Was
te
Emis
sion
s to
surf
ace
wat
er
Kg o
f em
issi
on o
f hea
vy m
etal
s (s
peci
fied)
into
surf
ace
wat
er p
er
mio
USd
reve
nue.
GRI
, Eur
opea
n Po
l-lu
tant
Rel
ease
and
Tr
ansf
er R
egis
ter
Exis
ting
as n
atur
al co
mpo
nent
s of t
he E
arth
's cr
ust,
heav
y m
etal
s re
fer t
o ch
emic
al co
mpo
nent
s with
low
den
sitie
s, ye
t hig
hly
toxi
c w
hen
conc
entr
ated
, suc
h as
cadm
ium
, lead
and
mer
cury
. Soi
l and
w
ater
syst
ems a
re th
e m
ost c
omm
on e
ntry
poi
nts f
or h
eavy
me-
tals,
who
se te
nden
cy to
bio
-acc
umul
ate,
or b
uild
up
in a
nim
al a
nd
hum
an o
rgan
ism
s, m
akes
them
dan
gero
us fr
om a
pub
lic h
ealth
st
andp
oint
.
The
less
the
bett
er
21
Envi
ronm
ent
Emis
sion
s, Ef
fluen
t, W
aste
Emis
sion
s to
surf
ace
wat
er
Kg o
f em
issi
on o
f TO
C (to
tal o
rga-
nic c
arbo
n) in
to su
rfac
e w
ater
per
m
io U
Sd re
venu
e.
Euro
pean
Pol
luta
nt
Rele
ase
and
Tran
sfer
Re
gist
er
Whe
n bi
odeg
rada
ble
was
te e
nter
s a w
ater
supp
ly it
pro
vide
s or
gani
c car
bon
for a
erob
ic b
acte
ria. T
hey
mul
tiply
qui
ckly,
con-
sum
e al
l ava
ilabl
e ox
ygen
and
ther
efor
e ki
ll aq
uatic
life
. In E
urop
e th
e ch
alle
nge
is m
et b
y pu
blic
was
te w
ater
trea
tmen
t pla
nts,
but
still
caus
e pr
oble
ms a
t com
pany
ow
ned
was
te w
ater
trea
tmen
t fa
cilit
ies.
22
Envi
ronm
ent
Emis
sion
s, Ef
fluen
t, W
aste
Emis
sion
s to
surf
ace
wat
er
Kg o
f em
issi
on o
f Prio
rity
Sub-
stan
ces a
nd P
riorit
y H
azar
dous
Su
bsta
nces
(PS
and
PHS)
defi
ned
by th
e Eu
rope
an W
ater
Fram
-ew
ork
dire
ctiv
e.
The W
ater
Fram
ewor
k d
irect
ive
esta
blis
hes a
lega
l fra
mew
ork
to p
rote
ct a
nd re
stor
e cl
ean
wat
er a
cros
s Eur
ope
and
ensu
re it
s lo
ng-t
erm
, sus
tain
able
use
. It co
vers
inla
nd su
rfac
e w
ater
s, gr
ound
-w
ater
, tra
nsiti
onal
wat
ers a
nd co
asta
l wat
ers.
The
list o
f Prio
rity
Subs
tanc
es a
nd P
riorit
y H
azar
dous
Sub
stan
ces c
onta
ins p
ollu
tant
s, w
hich
coul
d th
reat
en h
uman
hea
lth o
r eco
syst
ems.
The
aim
is to
re
duce
the
emis
sion
s to
all E
urop
ean
wat
ers t
o be
bel
ow ce
rtai
n En
viro
nmen
tal Q
ualit
y St
anda
rds (
EQS)
. For
the
Prio
rity
Haz
ardo
us
Subs
tanc
es th
e go
al is
als
o to
ceas
e or
pha
se-o
ut th
eir d
isch
arge
s, em
issi
ons a
nd lo
sses
in a
20-
year
timel
ine.
The
Wat
er Fr
amew
ork
dire
ctiv
e cu
rren
tly li
sts 3
3 Pr
iorit
y Su
bsta
nces
, ano
ther
15 a
re b
eing
di
scus
sed
to b
e in
clud
ed.27
Shou
ld b
e 0
for p
riorit
y ha
zard
ous s
ubst
ance
s an
d th
e le
ss th
e be
tter
fo
r prio
rity
subs
tanc
es
27. h
ttp:
//eu
r-lex
.euro
pa.eu
/Lex
UriS
erv/
LexU
riSer
v.do?
uri=
CON
SLEG
:200
0L00
60:2
0090
625:
EN:H
TML
20 POSITIVE CRITERIA
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
23En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Efflu
ent,
Was
te
Tren
d of
em
is-
sion
s
Tren
d of
em
issi
ons t
o w
ater
an
d ai
r with
in th
e la
st 5
year
s: Re
duct
ion
of 5
% p
.a. o
r mor
e, pe
r re
venu
e.
GRI
3.1
- EN
20, 2
1, 22
, Nat
iona
l and
Eu
rope
an P
ollu
tant
Re
leas
e an
d Tr
ansf
er
Regi
ster
dat
a on
em
issi
ons o
ver s
ever
al ye
ars c
an in
dica
te th
e le
vel o
f pro
-gr
ess t
he co
mpa
ny h
as m
ade
tow
ards
em
issi
on re
duct
ion
effo
rts
or p
hasi
ng o
ut h
azar
dous
subs
tanc
es. It
can
also
indi
cate
pot
entia
l im
prov
emen
ts in
pro
cess
effi
cien
cy a
nd p
rodu
ctiv
ity.
The
high
er th
e pe
rcen
tage
of r
educ
tion
the
bett
er
24En
viro
nmen
t Em
issi
ons,
Efflu
ent,
Was
te
Spill
s/Ac
cide
nts:
Wat
er, A
ir, S
oil
Tota
l num
ber a
nd sc
ope
of e
nvi-
ronm
enta
l dam
ages
occ
urre
d, p
er
mio
USd
reve
nue.
GRI
3.1- E
N23
, EU
: Co
untr
y st
atis
tics
due
to S
eves
o d
i-re
ctiv
e
Envi
ronm
enta
l dam
age
is a
mea
sura
ble
adve
rse
chan
ge o
r im
pair-
men
t in
a na
tura
l res
ourc
e su
ch a
s pro
tect
ed sp
ecie
s and
nat
ural
ha
bita
ts o
r wat
er- a
nd la
nd co
ntam
inat
ion
as d
efine
d in
the
Eu-
rope
an E
nviro
nmen
tal l
iabi
lity
dire
ctiv
e.28
Suc
h da
mag
e ca
n ha
ve
sign
ifica
nt n
egat
ive
impa
cts o
n th
e su
rrou
ndin
g en
viro
nmen
t, po
tent
ially
affe
ctin
g so
il, w
ater
, air,
bio
dive
rsity
, and
hum
an h
ealth
an
d th
eref
ore
enta
ils fi
nanc
ial r
isks
for l
itiga
tion
and
rem
edia
tion
cost
s, as
wel
l as l
oss o
f rep
utat
ion.
Th
e EU
Sev
eso
dire
ctiv
e ai
ms a
t im
prov
ing
the
safe
ty o
f site
s co
ntai
ning
larg
e qu
antit
ies o
f dan
gero
us su
bsta
nces
. For
EU
m
embe
r Sta
tes i
t is c
ompu
lsor
y to
repo
rt o
n ch
emic
al a
ccid
ents
an
d ne
ar m
isse
s.29
Shou
ld b
e 0
25la
bour
Pra
ctic
eSa
fety
Expo
sure
Num
ber a
nd p
erce
ntag
e of
w
orke
rs e
xpos
ed to
haz
ardo
us
subs
tanc
es a
nd in
whi
ch q
uant
i-tie
s.
The
num
ber o
f ex
pose
d w
orke
rs is
us
ually
calc
ulat
ed a
s an
est
imat
e fr
om a
v-ai
labl
e da
ta: s
tudi
es
of sp
ecifi
c sub
stan
-ce
s, se
ctor
ial s
tudi
es,
etc.
The
estim
ates
ar
e us
ually
pre
sen-
ted
in th
e fo
rm o
f an
exp
osur
e m
atrix
or
sim
ilar, s
uch
as
JINJE
m o
r CAR
Ex30
da
taba
ses.
The
num
ber a
nd p
erce
ntag
e of
exp
osed
wor
kers
toge
ther
with
ex
posu
re le
vels
are
the
best
indi
cato
rs o
f exp
osur
e, th
is m
akes
it
poss
ible
to e
stim
ate
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f the
pro
blem
and
to fo
llow
its
evo
lutio
n in
tim
e. T
he la
tter
can
also
show
whe
ther
impr
ove-
men
ts o
r pre
vent
ive
mea
sure
s are
effe
ctiv
e or
not
.
Shou
ld b
e 0
28. E
U D
irect
ive
2004
/35/
CE29
. Ple
ase
see
http
s://e
mar
s.jrc
.ec.eu
ropa
.eu/
30. C
AREX
(CAR
cinog
en E
Xpos
ure)
is a
n in
tern
atio
nal i
nfor
mat
ion
syst
em o
n oc
cupa
tiona
l exp
osur
e to
know
n an
d su
spec
ted
carc
inog
ens.
The
CARE
X da
taba
se p
rovi
des s
elec
ted
expo
sure
dat
a an
d do
cum
ente
d es
timat
es o
f the
num
ber o
f exp
osed
by
wor
kers
by
coun
try,
carc
inog
en, a
nd in
dust
ry.
POSITIVE CRITERIA 21
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
26
labo
ur P
ract
ice
Safe
tyEx
posu
reEx
pose
d w
orke
rs b
y le
vel o
f ex
posu
re: <
50%
mAK
, 50%
- 10
0%
mAK
, > m
AK
Estim
ates
may
be
av-
aila
ble
from
nat
iona
l or
sect
oria
l exp
osur
e m
atric
es.
Ther
e is
als
o da
ta
avai
labl
e fr
om sp
eci-
fic st
udie
s, us
ually
at
the
sect
oria
l lev
el.
mAK
, the
occ
upat
iona
l exp
osur
e lim
it, is
an
uppe
r lim
it on
the
ac-
cept
able
conc
entr
atio
n of
haz
ardo
us su
bsta
nces
in w
orkp
lace
air
and
is se
t by
natio
nal c
ompe
tent
aut
horit
ies.
In m
any
coun
trie
s the
re a
re tw
o ty
pes o
f lim
it va
lues
. In th
e EU
ther
e ar
e bi
ndin
g O
ccup
atio
nal E
xpos
ure
lim
it Va
lues
bO
ElVs
, es
tabl
ishe
d by
the
regu
latio
ns a
nd th
e In
dica
tive
Occ
upat
iona
l Ex
posu
re li
mit
Valu
es (I
OEl
Vs),
whi
ch a
re n
ot b
indi
ng.
In so
me
case
s, su
ch a
s Spa
in, t
he la
tter
are
in p
ract
ice
man
da-
tory
lim
it va
lues
for b
usin
esse
s.
Expo
sure
shou
ld b
e as
lo
w a
s pos
sibl
e, ze
ro
expo
sure
is b
est o
ptio
n
27
labo
ur P
ract
ice
Safe
tyIm
pact
Num
ber o
f acc
iden
ts to
be
regi
ster
ed a
fter
EU
96/8
2 re
late
d to
exp
osur
e to
chem
ical
s and
se
verit
y
GRI
3.1-l
A7, E
U:
Coun
try
stat
istic
s du
e to
Sev
eso
d
irect
ive
The
EU S
eves
o d
irect
ive
aim
s at i
mpr
ovin
g th
e sa
fety
of s
ites c
on-
tain
ing
larg
e qu
antit
ies o
f dan
gero
us su
bsta
nces
. For
EU
mem
ber
stat
es it
is co
mpu
lsor
y to
repo
rt o
n ch
emic
al a
ccid
ents
and
nea
r m
isse
s.31
The
less
the
bett
er
28
labo
ur P
ract
ice
Safe
tyIm
pact
Amon
g w
orke
rs, n
umbe
r of c
hro-
nic d
isea
ses d
iagn
osed
or r
ates
of
inju
ry, o
ccup
atio
nal d
isea
ses,
lost
day
s, an
d ab
sent
eeis
m, a
nd
num
ber o
f wor
k-re
late
d fa
talit
ies
by re
gion
and
by
gend
er.
GRI
3.1-l
A7 N
atio
nal
stat
istic
s of o
ccup
a-tio
nal a
ccid
ents
an
d oc
cupa
tiona
l di
seas
es
Thes
e ar
e ef
fect
est
imat
es, a
s wel
l as e
xpos
ure
indi
cato
rs, t
hat
allo
w e
stim
ates
of t
he im
port
ance
of t
he p
robl
em, m
onito
r tre
nds
over
tim
e an
d as
sess
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of p
reve
ntiv
e m
easu
res.
The
less
the
bett
er
29
labo
ur P
ract
ice
Safe
tym
anag
emen
t
Info
rmat
ion
and
trai
ning
of
wor
kers
rega
rdin
g ha
zard
ous
chem
ical
s: ty
pe o
f inf
orm
atio
n /
perc
enta
ge tr
aine
d w
orke
rs a
nd
how
oft
en.
GRI
3.1-l
A10,
in so
me
coun
trie
s and
at E
U
leve
l, wor
king
con-
ditio
ns su
rvey
s may
in
clud
e th
is d
ata.
dat
a av
aila
ble
at
com
pany
leve
l, as
wel
l as i
n th
e pr
e-ve
ntio
n se
rvic
es o
f th
e co
mpa
ny o
r the
ex
tern
al se
rvic
es.
Thes
e ar
e in
dica
tors
of p
reve
ntio
n ef
fort
s bei
ng m
ade
to p
rote
ct
the
heal
th o
f wor
kers
.Q
ualit
ativ
e in
dica
tor
30
Soci
ety
Com
plia
nce
Com
plia
nce
mon
etar
y va
lue
of si
gnifi
cant
fin
es a
nd to
tal n
umbe
r of n
on-
mon
etar
y sa
nctio
ns fo
r non
com
-pl
ianc
e w
ith ch
emic
al la
ws a
nd
regu
latio
ns.
GRI
3.1-S
08,
dJ S
usta
inab
ility
Shou
ld b
e 0
31. P
leas
e se
e ht
tps:/
/em
ars.j
rc.ec
.euro
pa.eu
/
22 POSITIVE CRITERIA
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
31
Prod
uct
Resp
onsi
bilit
yPr
oduc
tPr
oduc
t ste
-w
ards
hip
Usa
ge o
f lCA
incl
udin
g ch
emic
al
prop
ertie
s, pe
rcen
tage
.Co
mpa
ny
lCA,
life
Cyc
le A
naly
sis,
is a
met
hod
to a
sses
s env
ironm
enta
l im
-pa
cts a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith a
ll th
e st
ages
of a
pro
duct
´s li
fe, f
rom
crad
le
to g
rave
, and
is th
e ba
sis f
or im
prov
ing
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent.
lCA
met
hods
can
vary
and
som
etim
es th
e ev
alua
tion
of ch
emic
al
prop
ertie
s is n
ot su
ffici
ently
cove
red.
The
mor
e th
e be
tter
32
Prod
uct
Resp
onsi
bilit
yPr
oduc
tTr
ansp
aren
cyPu
blic
ava
ilabi
lity
of R
EACH
safe
ty
data
shee
ts o
r equ
ival
ent i
nfor
-m
atio
n.
Rand
om re
ques
ts to
th
e co
mpa
ny
The
REAC
H S
afet
y d
ata
Shee
ts (S
dS)
are
inte
nded
to p
rovi
de
wor
kers
and
em
erge
ncy
pers
onne
l with
pro
cedu
res f
or h
andl
ing
a su
bsta
nce
in a
safe
man
ner. H
azar
d id
entifi
catio
n, in
gred
ient
s and
ph
ysic
al a
nd ch
emic
al p
rope
rtie
s are
incl
uded
as w
ell a
s eco
- and
to
xico
logi
cal i
nfor
mat
ion,
han
dlin
g, tr
ansp
ort,
stor
age,
and
disp
o-sa
l and
mea
sure
s in
the
case
of fi
re, a
ccid
ent o
r nee
d fo
r firs
t-ai
d.
The
REAC
H S
dS
also
take
s the
rule
s fro
m th
e G
loba
l Har
mon
ised
Sy
stem
(GH
S) in
to a
ccou
nt a
nd is
follo
wed
by
an A
nnex
on
expo
-su
re sc
enar
ios.
Publ
ic a
vaila
bilit
y al
low
s wor
kers
to ta
ke p
reve
ntiv
e m
easu
res a
nd co
nsum
ers t
o ta
ke in
form
ed d
ecis
ions
.
The
mor
e th
e be
tter
33
Prod
uct
Resp
onsi
bilit
yPr
oduc
tTr
ansp
aren
cyPe
rcen
tage
of n
anom
ater
ials
pr
oduc
ed a
re sp
ecifi
ed a
s suc
h w
ithin
REA
CH d
ossi
ers.
Com
pany
dur
ing
the
first
regi
stra
tion
phas
e of
REA
CH o
nly
3 ou
t of 2
3,000
do
ssie
rs in
clud
ed th
e na
nofo
rm o
f sub
stan
ces.
It is
unl
ikel
y th
at
this
refle
cts t
he re
ality
.
The
high
er th
e pe
rcen
t-ag
e th
e be
tter
34
Gov
erna
nce,
Com
mitm
ents
an
d En
gage
men
tSo
ciet
ylo
bbyi
ng
Activ
ely
supp
ortin
g st
rong
er
chem
ical
s reg
ulat
ion
in o
rder
to
bett
er p
rote
ct h
uman
hea
lth a
nd
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Com
pany
Activ
ely
wor
king
for s
tron
ger c
hem
ical
s leg
isla
tion
with
the
inte
n-tio
n of
redu
cing
the
prod
uctio
n an
d us
e of
subs
tanc
es p
rese
ntin
g a
heal
th o
r env
ironm
enta
l haz
ard
with
in th
e m
eani
ng o
f dire
ctiv
e 67
/548
/EEC
(dan
gero
us su
bsta
nce
dire
ctiv
e).
Qua
litat
ive
indi
cato
r /
det
aile
d de
scrip
tion
of
issu
es a
nd re
gula
tory
pr
opos
als s
uppo
rted
.
35
Gov
erna
nce,
Com
mitm
ents
an
d En
gage
men
tSo
ciet
yTr
ansp
aren
cyRe
gist
ratio
n in
the
EU Tr
ansp
a-re
ncy
Regi
ster
.Eu
rope
an Tr
ansp
a-re
ncy
Regi
ster
32
The
Euro
pean
Tran
spar
ency
Reg
iste
r sho
ws w
ho is
eng
aged
in
activ
ities
aim
ing
at in
fluen
cing
the
EU d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
ess
and
is p
ublic
ly a
cces
sibl
e.ye
s /N
o
36
Gov
erna
nce,
Com
mitm
ents
an
d En
gage
men
tSo
ciet
yla
wsu
its
agai
nst o
ppo-
nent
s
lega
l act
ion
in th
e la
st 5
year
s ag
ains
t civ
il so
ciet
y in
tere
st
grou
ps, a
utho
ritie
s or i
ndiv
idua
ls
with
rega
rd to
chem
ical
pro
duc-
tion
and
emis
sion
s tha
t car
ry
hum
an h
ealth
or e
nviro
nmen
tal
impa
cts;
num
ber o
f leg
al ca
ses
rega
rdin
g de
fam
atio
n, li
bel, s
lan-
der, c
rimin
al ch
arge
s.
Com
pany
, NG
O
repo
rts
In d
evel
opin
g co
untr
ies i
n pa
rtic
ular
the
lega
l sys
tem
is b
eing
use
d to
intim
idat
e or
sile
nce
oppo
nent
s to
prop
osed
or o
ngoi
ng ch
emi-
cal a
ctiv
ities
that
pos
e he
alth
or e
nviro
nmen
tal r
isks
. NG
O a
ctiv
ists
fa
ce la
wsu
its a
nd n
eed
finan
cial
reso
urce
s and
tim
e to
def
end
them
selv
es. T
his h
inde
rs th
em fr
om sp
eaki
ng u
p on
hea
lth a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l con
cern
s.
Shou
ld b
e 0
/ Qua
litat
ive
indi
cato
r
32. h
ttp:
//ec
.euro
pa.eu
/tra
nspa
renc
yreg
ister
/pub
lic/c
onsu
ltatio
n/lis
tlobb
yist
s.do?
loca
le=e
n&re
set=
POSITIVE CRITERIA 23
No
cate
gory
subc
ateg
ory
crite
riain
dica
tor
refe
renc
es a
nd
poss
ible
dat
a so
urce
sex
plan
ator
y no
teev
alua
tion
37
Gov
erna
nce,
Com
mitm
ents
an
d En
gage
men
tSo
ciet
yd
oubl
e St
an-
dard
s
Appl
icat
ion
of st
ricte
st ch
emic
als
legi
slat
ion,
safe
ty, p
rodu
ctio
n an
d tr
ansp
aren
cy st
anda
rds i
n th
e w
hole
are
a of
ope
ratio
n fo
r al
l pla
nts/
units
wor
ldw
ide,
and
cert
ified
by
third
par
ty.
Com
pany
diff
eren
t sta
ndar
ds in
dev
elop
ed a
nd d
evel
opin
g co
untr
ies m
ust
be a
void
ed a
s che
mic
als a
re g
loba
l com
mod
ities
and
thei
r effe
cts
may
be
seen
far a
way
from
pro
duct
ion
site
s. Th
e m
ost s
trin
gent
le-
gisl
atio
n an
d st
anda
rds s
houl
d be
impl
emen
ted
wor
ldw
ide.
The
re
is n
o di
stin
ctio
n be
twee
n a
Chin
ese
and
a Eu
rope
an w
orke
r.
No
doub
le st
anda
rd
38
Gov
erna
nce,
Com
mitm
ents
an
d En
gage
men
tSo
ciet
ySo
cial
Acc
ount
a-bi
lity
/ Cer
tifica
-tio
n
Publ
icat
ion
of ke
y pe
rfor
man
ce
indi
cato
r (KP
I) "h
azar
dous
was
te
and
toxi
c mat
eria
ls".
Com
pany
, ann
ual
repo
rt
To su
ppor
t inv
esto
rs th
e EU
intr
oduc
ed m
anda
tory
repo
rtin
g re
quire
men
ts fo
r lar
ge co
rpor
atio
ns a
s ear
ly a
s 200
3. Th
e Ac
coun
-tin
g d
irect
ives
78/
660/
EC a
nd 8
3/34
9/EC
dic
tate
: “To
the
exte
nt
nece
ssar
y fo
r an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
com
pany
's de
velo
pmen
t, pe
rfor
man
ce o
r pos
ition
, the
ana
lysi
s sha
ll in
clud
e bo
th fi
nanc
ial
and,
whe
re a
ppro
pria
te, n
on-fi
nanc
ial k
ey p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
re
leva
nt to
the
part
icul
ar b
usin
ess,
incl
udin
g in
form
atio
n re
latin
g to
env
ironm
enta
l and
em
ploy
ee m
atte
rs”. “
Haz
ardo
us W
aste
and
To
xic m
ater
ials
” is o
ne o
f the
top
sust
aina
ble
deve
lopm
ent k
ey p
er-
form
ance
indi
cato
rs fo
r the
chem
ical
sect
or d
efine
d by
inve
stor
s 33.
33. h
ttp:
//w
ww
.sd-m
.de/
inde
x.ph
p?op
tion=
com
_con
tent
&ta
sk=v
iew
&id
=138
&Ite
mid
=285
&la
ng=e
n
24 POSITIVE CRITERIA
ExPERTS ANd STAKEHOldERS INVOlVEd 25
This criteria catalogue has been developed in col-laboration with consultancy firm EcoAid, and in dialogue with an engaged group of experts and key stakeholders with diverse backgrounds and expertise.
ExPERT GROUP PARTICIPANTS
fredrik aronsson holds an mSc in mechanical engineering and an mSc in applied environmental measurement techniques from Chalmers Univer-sity of Technology, Sweden. After a number of years in the engineering sector, Fredrik moved into SRI research with the Caring Company (later GES Invest-ment Services) and Ecobalance Investment manage-ment. Today he works as an energy underwriter with Trygg Hansa, an insurance company that is a part of the global insurance group RSA.
dr. peTer donaTh retired in 2004 from Ciba Spe-cialty Chemicals Holding, after a long career with the company. Peter took a Phd in chemistry at the University of the Saarland in 1970, and commenced work with Ciba the following year, in the areas of process development and environmental affairs. Following several placements and international responsibilities within the company through various mergers and restructures, Peter retired as head of environmental health and safety at Ciba.
dr. sonja eser is a biologist and a trainer. In 2010, she founded the EPEA Academy munich together with Ingrid Stehle. The Academy is an associate of EPEA International and a Cradle to Cradle® training institute, and works with international companies to promote and implement the Cradle-to-Cradle ap-
proach to create meaningful change. Until a change of heart in 2003, Sonja worked as an academic and researcher at various universities, and holds a Phd in ecotoxicology.
manfred krauTTer is general manager of the consultancy EcoAid by manfred Krautter, which he founded in 2009. Previously, manfred was a long-time leader of Greenpeace campaigns, includ-ing a period as campaigns and issues director at Greenpeace Germany. At EcoAid, he uses his strong interdisciplinary skills and network to work with prominent businesses, media, NGOs and govern-mental institutions. manfred holds a graduate degree as a chemical engineer.
dr. riChard liroff serves as executive director of the Investor Environmental Health Network, a group of investment organisations working to reduce the production and use of toxic chemicals by busi-ness. Richard developed IEHN after more than two decades’ work at World Wildlife Fund, where as a Senior Program Officer he directed projects on toxic chemicals and other subjects. He is a prominent au-thor on environmental issues and policy, and holds a Phd in political science from Northwestern Univer-sity and a bA in politics from brandeis University.
oliver rüTer’s background is in biology and ecology, with a master’s degree from the University of Innsbruck and an mbA in sustainability manage-ment from the University of lüneburg. between 2001 and 2003, he worked with Eco-Project ltd in Trinidad & Tobago and at the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in Heidelberg. Since 2003, he has worked as an analyst with oekom research AG, focusing on the chemical industry and country ratings. He has been research director at oekom since 2007.
ExpErts And stAkEHoldErs INVOlVEd IN dEVElOPING THE CRITERIA CATAlOGUE
26 ExPERTS ANd STAKEHOldERS INVOlVEd
The indicators in the criteria catalogue have also been revised by other stakeholders representing a broad range of specific competence and experi-ence on chemicals management. We would like to especially thank the following persons for their input to this process:
• TaTiana sanTos ISTAS Spain, on workers’ safety
• rafael gadea ISTAS Spain, on workers’ safety
• BaskuT TunCak CIEl US, on chemical regulations
• jurek vengel Friends of the Earth Germany, on nanomaterials
• Carina weBer Pesticides Action Network (PAN) Europe, on pesticides
• ChrisTer Ågren Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat (AirClim), on air pollution
• ravi argaval Toxics link India
• olga sperenskaya EcoAccord Russia
• fernando Bejarano CAATA mexico
• anders finnson Svenskt vatten
• (CEFIC – the European Chemical Association has been asked to comment and input, but has not responded)
authors: Nadia Haiama, Sonja Haider and Amanda Huss
SUmmARy OF CRITERIA CATAlOGUE Sustainability indicators in financial investment decisions are on the rise. An increasing number of investors are realising the huge financial risks associated with the production and use of hazardous chemicals. Today there is the possibility to avoid this risk, and the op-portunity to invest in the future of safer products and processes. As financial investors have a huge impact on the strategic decisions of companies, this can also have profound impact on human health and the environment. This criteria catalogue is the first of its kind aiming to cover all aspects of chemical risks and opportunities for chemical manufacturers. It presents a comprehensive set of powerful indicators to enable investment professionals to evaluate the chemicals management and performance of a chemical-producing company. It also includes an overview of the most important and far-reaching chemicals regulations globally.
CHEm
ICAl
CRI
TERI
A CA
TAlO
GU
E 20
12-0
6-15
www.chemsec.org
