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8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/awwa-b100-96 1/21
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m
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1.
1 S
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ANSI/AWWA 8100..96
R
e
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NS
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AW
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de
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ig
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it
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m
ed
ia
a
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ra
ci
te
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lte
r
m
at
er
ia
ls
a
nd
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e
pl
ac
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e
nt
of
th
e
m
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te
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a l
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fi
lt
er s
f
or
w
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te
r s
u
p-
pl
y
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rv
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a
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li
ca
ti
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p
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v
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on
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o A
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r G
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il l
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he
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se
o
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a
s a
f
il t
er
m
e
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um
an
d
a
s a
n
ad
s
or
be
nt
.
S
ec
1
.
2 P
u
r
p
os
e
T
h
e p
u
rp
os
e
of
th
is
s
ta
nd
a
rd
is
t
o p
ro
v
id
e p
u
rc
ha
se
r
s wi
th
a
s t
an
d
ar
d
fo
r p
u
rc
ha
s-
i
ng
a
n
d i
ns
ta
ll
in
g
fi l
tr a
ti
on
m
a
te
ri
al s
; i
t
s
n
ot
in
te
nd
e
d a
s
a
g
ui
de
fo
r
fi
lte
r
de
sig
n
.
S
e
c
1
.3
A
p
pl
ic
a
ti
o
n
Th
is
s
ta
n
da
r
d c
a
n
b
e
re
fe
re
n
ce
d
in
s
p
ec
if i
ca
ti
on
s
fo
r
pu
rc
h
as
in
g
a
n
d
r
ec
ei
vi
ng
f
il
te
ri n
g
m
a
te
ri
al
an
d
q
m
be
u
se
d
a
s
a
gu
id
e
f
or
t
es
ti
ng
t
h
e
p
hy
s
ic
al
an
d
c
he
m
ic
al
p
r
op
er
ti
es
o
f
fi
lt
er
in
g
m
at
e r
ia
l
sa
m
p
le
s.
T
h e
s t
ip
ul
a t
io
ns
o
f t
hi
s
s
ta
nd
a
rd
a
pp
ly
w
h
en
: th
is
d
oc
u
m
en
t h
as
be
e
n
re
fe
re
nc
ed
a
nd
on
ly
t
o
fi
lt e
ri
ng
m
a te
r
ia
ls
u
se
d i
n
th
e
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
o
f d
r i
nk
in
g
w
a
te
r s
up
p
li e
s
.
SE
C
fi
O
N
2
:
R
E
fE
R
E
N
C
E
S
s
ta
n
da
rd
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
e
di
ti
on
s
t
he
se
do
cu
m
e
nt
s
fo
rm
a
pa
rt
th
is
s
ta
nd
a
rd
to
th
e
e
x
te
nt
sp
e
cif
ie
d w
it
h i
n
th
e
s
ta
nd
a
rd
. In
an
y
c
as
e
of
c
on
fl
ic t
t
he
;
re
qu
ir
em
e
n
ts o
f t
h i
s
st
an
d
ar
d
sh
al
l p
re
v
ai
l.
8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/awwa-b100-96 2/21
2
A
W
W
A
B
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6
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Im
p
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it
ie
s
i
n
F
in
e
A
g
gr
e
ga
t
es
fo
r
C
o
n
c
re
te
.
A
S
T
M
C
ll
7
S
ta
n
d
a
r
d T
h
s
t
M
e
th
o
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r
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te
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s F
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r
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i
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M
in
e
ra
l
A
g
g
re
g
a
te
s
b
y
W
a
s
hi
n
g
.
A
S
T
M
C
1
2
3
S
ta
n
d
a
r
d
T
h
s
t
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
L
ig
h
tw
e
i
gh
t
P
i
ec
e
s i
n
A
g
gr
e
ga
t
e.
A
S
T
M
C127 Standard
Thst Meth od for Specific G ravity and Absorptio n of
C
o
ar
s
e
A
g
gr
e
g
at
e
.
A
S
T
M
C
1
28
S
t
an
d
a
r
d
T
h
st
M
e
th
o
d
fo
r
S
p
e
ci
fi
c
G
r
a
v
it
y
an
d
A
bs
o
rp
t
io
n
of
F
i
ne
A
g
g
r
eg
a
te
.
A
S
T
M
C
1
3
6
S
ta
n
d
a
r
d
T
e
s
t
M
e
t
ho
d
fo
r
S
i
ev
e
A
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
F
i
n
e
a
n
d
C
o
a
r
se
A
g
g
re
g
a
te
s
.
A
S
T
M
C
7
0
2
S
t
an
d
a
r
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
fo
r
R
e
d
u
ci
n
g
S
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
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g
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g
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te
t
o
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e
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i
ze
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S
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7
5
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
P
r
a
ct
ic
e
f
o
r
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am
pl
in
g
A
gg
r
e
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t
es
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A
ST
M
E
l
l
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ta
n
d
a
r
d
S
p
e
ci
fi
c
at
io
n
fo
r
W
ir
e
C
lo
t
h
a
n
d
S
i
e
ve
s
fo
r
T
e
s
ti
n
g
P
u
r
po
s
e
s.
M
I
L
S
T
D 1050 Sampling Procedures for Inspecti on by Attributes.
A
N
S
IJ
A
W
W
A
C
6
5
3
S
ta
n
d
a
r
d
fo
r
D
i
si
n
fe
c
ti o
n
of
W
a
te
r
T
re
a
tm
en
t
P
l
an
t
s .
S
E
C
T
I
O
N
:
E
F
IN
m
O
N
S
T
h
e f
o
ll
ow
i
n
g
d
ef
in
i
ti
o
ns
s
h
a
ll
a
p
p
ly
n
th
is
s
t
an
d
a
r
d:
1
. B
a
g
:
A
p
la
s
ti
c,
p
ap
e
r,
o
r
w
o
ve
n
c
on
t
a i
n
e
r
g
en
e
r
a l
ly
c
on
t
a
in
in
g
ap
p
r
ox
i
m
at
e
ly
1
ft
3
o
r
le
ss
o
f
f
il
te
r
m
a
t
er
ia
l
.
2
.
C
o
n
st
ru
c
to
r
:
T
h
e
p
a
r
ty
t
h
a
t
fu
r
n
is
h
es
t
h
e
w
o
rk
a
n
d
m
a
t
e r
ia
l
s
f
or
pl
a
ce
ment
or
ins talla tion .
3
.
E
ff
ec
t
iv
e
s
iz
e
:
T
he
si
z
e
o
p
en
i
n
g
t
h
a
t w
ill
j
ust
pass 10 percent
(by
dry
w
e
i
g
ht
)
o
f
a
r
ep
r
e
se
n
ta
t
iv
e
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
th
e
fi
lt
e
r
m
a
te
r
ia
l;
t
h
a
t
is
, i
h
e
s
iz
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n o
f
t
he
p
ar
t
ic
le
s
i
s
s
u
ch
t
h
at
10
p
e r
c
en
t
(
b
y
d
ry
w
ei
g
h
t)
o
f
a
s
am
p
le
is
fi
n
e
r
th
a
n
0.
4
5
m
m
,
th
e
f
il
te
r
m
a
t
er
i
al
h
as
a
n
e
ff
ec
t
iv
e
s
iz
e
o
f
0.
4
5
m
m
.
4
.
M
an
u
fa
c
tu
r
er
:
T
h
e
p
r
ty
t
ha
t
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
re
s
,
fa
b
ri
ca
t
es
,
o
r
pr
o
d
uc
e
s
m
a
te
r
ia
ls
o
r
p
ro
d
u
ct
s.
5
.
P
u
rc
h
a
se
r
:
J.1
le
pe
r
so
n
,
co
m
p
a
n
y,
o
r
o
r
ga
n
iz
a
ti
o
n t
h
at
p
u
rc
h
a
se
s
a
n
y
m
a
t
er
i
al
s
o
r
w
o
r
k
t
o
b
e
pe
r
fo
r
m
e
d.
6
.
S
e
m
i
b
u
lk
c
o
nt
ai
l'U
r:
A
la
r
ge
p
la
s t
ic
o
r
w
o
ve
n
b
u
lk
c
o
nt
a
in
e
r
ge
n
e
ra
l
ly
c
o
n
-
t
a
in
i
ng
a
p
p
ro
x
im
at
e
ly
1
t
o
n
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
f
fi
lt
e
r
m
a
te
r
ia
l .
t
i
s
co
m
m
on
l
y
r
ef
e
rr
ed
to
a
s
a sack.
S
u
p
pl
ie
r
:
T
h
e
p
ar
ty
t
ha
t
su
p
plies m ate ria ls
or
services. A supp lier
may
or
m
a
y
n
o
t
be
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
t
ur
e
r.
n
t n
r
n
t
tv
c
il
ef
i
ci
en
t
:
p
a
s
s
p
e
rc
e
n
t
d
iv
i
de
d
b
y
t
he
s
am
e
s
am
p
le
.
d
ry
w
ei
g
ht
)
op
e
n
ip
g
t
h
at
• A
m
e
ri
c
an
S
o
c
ie
ty
f
or
T
hs
ti
ng
a
n
d
M
a
te
ri
a
ls
,
10
0
B
ar
r
H
a
rb
o
r
D
r
.,
W
e
s
t C
o
n
sh
o
ho
c
k
en
,
P
A
19428-2959.
8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/awwa-b100-96 3/21
FILT
ERIN
G M
ATE
RIAL
3
S
EC
TIO
N
4:
RE
QU
IRE
M
EN
TS
Se
c. 4.1
P
hys
ica
l Re
qu
irem
en
ts
Ta
ble
t
Fi
lter
Me
dia
An
thra
cite*
4. 1
.1
ilter
Fi
lte r
m
ed i
a of
an
th ra
c it e
, si
li ca
s
and
, an
d hig
h-d e
nsi t
y
sand
sh a ll
con
form
to
th
e fol l
owin
g : r
equ i
rem
ent s
.
4. 1
.1.1
Jl
nth r
ac it
e .
1.
Fil
ter ant
hra
cite
sha
ll
c
ons
is t o
f har
d,
dur
able
a
nthr
acit
e coa
l pa
rticl
es o
f
v
ari o
us s
izes .
Ble
ndi n
g o
f no
n-a n
thr a
cit e
m a
te ri a
l t
o m e
et
an
y
p
ort i
on o
f th
is s t
an d
ard
is
not
acc e
pta b
le.
2. T
he a
nth
raci
te s
h a l
l ha
v e
sp ec
ific
grav
ity ,
M o
hs'
sca
le o
f ha
rdn
ess,
and
ac i
d so
lub i
lity
lev e
ls a
s in
d ic a
ted
in T
abl e
1.
3
. T h
e
nthr
ci
te s
hal l
b e
vis i
bly
free
'of
sha
le ,
clay,
an
d
oth
er ex t
ran
eous
deb
ris.
4
.1.1
.2
Si l
ic a s
an d
.
1.
Si
li ca
s
and
s
h a ll
con
sis t
of
h a rd
, d
ura b
le,
and
den
se g
ra i
ns
of
p
red
omi
nan
tly
sili
ceo u
s m
ater
ial th a
t
w
ll res
is t
deg r
ada
ti on
duri
ng h
and
ling
and
u
se.
2
. T
he s
il ic a
s
and s
h a ll
h
ave
sp
ecif
ic g
ra vi
ty
and
a
c id
solu
bil i
ty le
vel s
a
s in di
ca
ted
i
n T
abl e
1.
3.
T
he s
ilica
sa n
d s
ha ll
b
e
visib
ly fr
ee o
f cl
ay, d
us t
, and
m
icac
eou s
an
d or
gan i
c
m
att e
r.
4. 1
.1.3
H
igh
-d en
sit y
san
d .
1.
H
ig h-
den s
ity
san
d sh
all
con
si st
of
ha
rd, du
ra bl
e, a
nd
dens
e gr a
in
gar
net ,
ilm e
nit e
, h e
m a
ti te ,
m a
g ne
ti te ,
or
ass o
cia
te d
min
era
ls of
tho
se o
res
th
at
w ll
re
sist
deg
rad
a ti o
n d u
rin g
h
and
ling
an
d
use .
2.
T h
e hi
gh-d
ens
ity
sa
nd
sha
ll
h
av e
sp e
cifi
c gr
av ity
, M
ohs
' sc a
le
of h a
rd n
ess,
a
nd aci d
so l
ubi l
it y l
eve l
s as
in d
ica t
ed
in Ta
ble
1
.
3. The hig h-d ensi ty
sand shal l
be
vi sibl y fre e
of
clay,
dust,
an
d m ic
ac eo
us
and
o
rga n
ic m
atte
r.
N
OTE
: 'Th
stin
g f o
r cla
y, du
st,
a
nd m i
cac e
ous
and or g
an i
c ma t
te r
is
nor
m al
ly n
ot
ne
ces s
ary ,
bu
t
i
d
el e
te ri o
us m
ate
rial
s
are
n
oti c
eab l
e, th
e m
edia
sh
all
b
e w
ith
in
the
fol l
owin
g
lim
its: 1
) a m
axi
mum
of 2
p
erc
ent
min
us N
o.
20 0
0.
07 4
mm
) ·m a
teri
el b
y
w
ash i
ng,
as d
ete
rm in
ed
b
y A ST
M C
117
; an
d (
2) a
co l
or n
ot d
ark
er tha
n
th
e sta
n-
d
ard
co
lor in
A
STM
C4
0 fo
r o r
gan
ic im
p u
ritie
s in
fin e
ag
gre g
ate .
·
4. 1
.1.4
M
ed i
a si z
e:
1
Th e
m ed
ia s
ize
is c
om
m on
ly s
pec i
fie d
in
te
rms
of ef
fe ct i
ve s
ize
ES
) and
un
ifor
m ity
coe
ffici
ent U
C)
o
r
i
n t
e rm
s o f
par t
icl e
size
rang
e .
O nl
y o n
e of
the
fol
lowi
ng
sha
ll be
us e
d:
f i lt
e r
Cha
ra ct
er ist
ic s
Spe
cific
rav
it y
H a
rd n
es s
Aci
d So
lu bi
lity
(
Mob
s Sc
ale)
>1
.4
>
2.7
<
5
S
ilica
S
and
Hig
h- D
en si
ty Sa
nd
>
2.5
>3.8
N
A
>5
<
5
<5
•S
ee f o
rewor
d for
sugg
estio
ns o
n ad d
ition
al an
thrac
ite t
ests.
8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
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8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
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8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
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FIL
T
ER
I
NG
M
A
T
ER
IA
L
7
a
b
le
a
xi
m
u
m
ba
c
kw
a
s
h
ra
t
es
W
a
te
r
T
hm
p
er
at
ur
e
O
50
o
r
le
ss
51
-5
5
56
-
60
61
-
65
6
6-
70
7
1-
7
5
A
bo
ve
7
5
M
a
xi
m
um
B
a
ck
w
as
h
R
at
e*
15
1
6
1
7
1
8
5
2
0
2
1
2
2
.5
•
T
he
se
m
ax
im
um
ba
ck
w
as
h
ra t
es
a
re
a
g u
id
el
in
e f
or
0
.45
m
m
t
o
0.6
5
m
m
sa
n
d an
d
1.0
m
m
an
th
ra c
it
e.
Th
e
ra
te
s
sh
ou
ld
be
a
dj
us
te
d
a
s n
ec
es s
ar
y
fo
r o
th
er
f
il te
r
m
ate
ri
al
s.
Th
e
lo
w
es t
m
a
xim
u
m
b
ac
kw
a
sh
r
at
e s
ho
ul
d
b
e t
ha
t w
h
ic
h
flu
id
ize
s
th
e
b
ed
a
n
d a
tt
ain
s
su
ff
ic i
en
t v
el
oc
iti
es
to
b
ri n
g
fin
es
t
o t
he
s
ur
fac
e.
4
.5
.2
.3
A
dd
it
io
n
al
m
a
te
ri
al
f
a
d
d
it i
on
a
l m
at
er
ia
l
is
r
e
qu
ir
e
d
to
b
ri
ng
th
e
to
p
su
r
fa
ce
o
f t
h
e
fi
lte
r
to
t
he
sp
ec
if
ie
d
fin
i
sh
ed
e
le
v
at
io
n,
s
uf
fi
ci
en
t
m
at
er
ia
l
sh
al
l
be
a
d
de
d
b
ef
or
e t
h
e
f
m
al
s
c
ra
p
in
g
op
e
ra
ti
on
.
A
d
eq
u
at
e
m
at
e
ri
al
s
h
a
ll
b
e
a
d
de
d
t
o
a
n t
ic
ip
a
te
t
he
f
in
al
s
cr
ap
in
g
.
4.
5.
2.
4
I
n
-p
la
ce
m
e
d
ia
s
a
m
pl
in
g.
f
n-
pl
ac
e
s
am
p
l
es
o
f
m
ed
i
a a
re
re
q
u i
re
d
b
y
th
e
p
u
rc
ha
s
er
,
co
m
p
os
it
e
sa
m
p
le
s
sh
a
ll
b
e
p
re
pa
r
ed
f
ro
m
a
m
in
im
um
of
f
ou
r
f
il t
er
s
a
ft
er
th
e
y
h
a
ve
b
e
en
b
a
ck
w
a
sh
e
d a
n
d
d
r
ai
ne
d
.
C
or
e
sa
m
p
le
s
sh
a
ll
b
e t
ak
e
n
u
s
in
g
a
2
-i
n.
d
ia
m
e
te
r
c
or
e
s
am
p
le
r.
t
s
ha
ll
be
i
n
se
rt
ed
to
th
e
e
le
v
at
io
n
j
u
st
a
bo
v
e
th
e
g
r
av
e
l i
n
te
rf
ac
e,
an
d
th
e
n
r
em
ov
ed
b
y
ex
c
av
a
ti
ng
a
r
ou
n
d
i
t i
n
o
r
de
r
to
ex
t
ra
c t
a
c
o
m
pl
et
e
pr
o
fi l
e
o
fm
a
te
r
ia
l a
b
ov
e
th
a
t
e
le
va
ti
on
.
C
om
p
o
si
te
s
am
p
l
es
f
ro
m
e
ac
h
f
il
te
r
s
ha ll co nsi st of equal p ort io ns from a m in imum o f five c ores dist ri buted o ver e ach
m
ed
i
a s
u
rf
ac
e.
1
S
a
m
pl
e
p r
e
pa
ra
t
io
n .
U
p
o
n
re
ce
ip
t
o
f th
e
sa
m
p
le
s,
th
e
l
a
bo
ra
to
r
y
sh
a
ll
p
re
-
pa
r
e th
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
m
an
n
er
:
a
.
P
la
ce
0
.2
5
L
t
o
0
.5
L
o
f m
ed
ia
sa
m
p
le
i
n
a
1-
L
o
r
1-
ga
l
bo
tt
le
.
·
b
.
F
il
l t
h
e
bo
tt
le
t
o
w
i t
h i
n
1
in
.
o
f th
e
t
op
w
i
th
cl
ea
n
w
a
te
r.
c
P
la
ce
c
a
p o
n
bo
tt
le
a
n
d
sh
a
k
e
fo
r
2
m
in
u
si
ng
tw
o
o
r
th
r
ee
f
or
w
a
rd
a
n
d
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
m
o
tio
n
s p
e
r
s
ec
on
d
.
d
.
A
ll
ow
t
he
m
e
d
ia
to
se
tt
le
, th
e
n
d
e
ca
n
t th
e
s
u
pe
r
na
ta
n
t
l
iq
ui
d
i n
to
a
c l
ea
n
c
o
nt
ai
ne
r.
e.
s t
ep
s
b
t
h r
o
ug
h
d
u
n
ti
l su
p
er
n
at
an
t
i
s
c
le
an
.
f
f
coa l
or granular
acti vated c arb on
is
used
as the
to
p
l a
y
er
, t
h
en
s
e
pa
r
at
e
t
ha
t
m
ed
ia
f
ro
m
t
h
e
s
a
n
d
by
u s
in
g
th
e
t
ec
h
ni
qu
e
d
es
c
ri
be
d
i
n
A
S
T
M
D
4
3
71
.
2
sa
p
1p
le
s
in
a
c
co
rd
a
nc
e
w
it
h
S
ec
:
4.
5.
3
A
f
te
r a
ll
w
o
r
k
t
o
pl
ac
e
m
en
t
co
m
-
pl
et
ed
,
an
d
b
e
fo
re
fi
lt e
r
i
s
p
la
c
ed
e
nt
ir
e
fi
lt
e r
b
e
d
is
in
fe
c
te
d
by
c
h
lo
ri
na
ti
o
n in
a
c
co
rd
a
nc
e
w
it
h
A
N
SI
IA
W
W
A
C
65
3
,
un
le
s
s
ot
h
er
w
is
e
sp
e
ci
fi e
d
t
he
pu
rc
h
as
e
r s
sp
ec
if
ic
at
io
n
s.
T
h
e
p
ro
ce
d
ur
e
f
or
d
is
in
f
ec
ti
on
of
g
ra
n
u
la
r
ac
ti
va
t
ed
c
ar
bo
n
w
il
l
be
s
ti
p
u l
a t
ed
in
a
p
la
.n
ne
d.
r
ev
is
io
n
to
A
N
S
IJ
A
W
W
A
B
6
04
.
8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
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8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/awwa-b100-96 9/21
ab
le
S
a
m
p
lin
g
of
b
a
gg
e
d
m
e
di
a·
Lo
t
S
iz e
n
u
mb
e
r o
f b
a
gs
sh
ip
pe
d)
2
-8
9-
15
1
6-
25
26
-5
0
5
1-
90
9
1-
15
0
1
51
-2
80
28
1-
50
0
5
0
1- 1
2
00
1
2
01
-3
20
0
3
20
1
-10
0
00
10 001-35 000
3
5
00
1-
15
0
00
0
R
efe
r t
o M
i
li ta
ry
S
ta
nd
ar
d M
IL
-S
TD
-1
05
D
(1
96
3).
F
IL
TE
RI
NG
MA
T
ER
IA
L
9
M
i
ni
m
um
S
am
p
le
S
iz
es
n
um
b
e
r o
f b
ag
s)
2
3
5
8
13
20
32
50
8
0
1
25
20
0
315
50
0
le
a
st
on
e
co
m
p
os
ite
s
am
p
le
s
ha
ll
b
e
ge
n
er
a t
ed
f
or
e
ac
h
si
ze
an
d
t
yp
e
o
f m
a
te
ri
al
p
er
ra
ilc
a
r l
o
ad
o
r t
ru
ck
lo
a
d.
5.
2.
4
C
om
p
os
ite
sa
m
pl
e
Th
e
c
o
mp
o
si
te
s
am
p
le
s
h
a l
l
be
re
du
ce
d
t
o
r
ep
re
s
en
ta
ti
v e
s
am
p
le
s
f
or
te
s
tin
g
i
n
a
cc
or
da
n
ce
wi
th
A
S
TM
C
7
02
.
S
am
p
le
s
sh
a
ll
b
e
t
es
te
d
b
y t
he
m
e
th
o
ds
in
d
ic
at
ed
in
S
e
c.
5
.3.
S
e
c
5
3
le
st
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
-
G
en
e
r
a
l
If
fi l te r materia ls te s ti ng is not wit ness ed
at
the
sh ip ping poin t by
the
pu
r
c
h
as
er
, th
e
m
a
te
r i
a l
s
ho
u
ld
be
t
es
te
d
at
th
e j
ob
si
te
. T
h
e
m
at
er
ia
l
sh
a l
l b
e
sa
m
p
le
d i
n
a
cc
o
rd
an
ce
w
i
th
A
S
T
M
D
7
5 a
nd
r
ed
uc
e
d
to
t
e s
ti
ng
s
iz
e i
n
a
cc
o
rd
an
ce
w
it
h
A
S
TM
C
70
2.
A
p
o
rt
io
n
of
t
h
e
re
d
uc
ed
s
a
m
pl
e
sh
o
ul
d b
e
r
e t
a i
ne
d
fo
r
p
os
si
bl
e i
n
de
pe
n
de
n
t
a
n
al
ys
is
.
.
..
5.
3. 1
Ac
id
so
lu
bi
lit
y
Th
e
a
ci
d-
so
lu
b
il i
ty
t
es
t
is
p
e
rf
on
n
ed
b
Y
i
m
m
er
s i
ng
a
k
no
w
n
w
ei
gh
t
o
f m
a
te
r i
a l
in
1:1
h
y
dr
oc
h
lo
ri c
a
ci
d
(H
C
l)
(
m
ad
e
y
co
m
bi
ni
ng
e
q
ua
l
vo
lu
m
e
s
o
f 1
.1
8
sp
ec
if
iC
g
ra
vi
ty
H
C
l a
n
d
H
2
0)
u
n
ti l
th
e
a
ci
d-
so
lu
b
le
m
at
er
ia
ls
a
re
d
is
so
lv
ed
, t
h
en
de
te
nn
in
i
ng
th
e
w
e
ig
h
t l
os
s
o
f
th
e m
a
te
r
ia
l
T
he
m
i
n i
m
um
sa
m
pl
e
s
iz
e a
n
d
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
q
u
an
ti
ty
o
f c
on
c
en
tr
a t
ed
H
C
l
di
lu
te
d
on
e
-to
-o
n
e w
i
th
d
is
ti l
le
d
w
at
er
a
re
in
d i
ca
te
d
in
T
a
bl e
5
.
5. 3. 1.1 Pro ce dure. The procedure for testing aci
d-
so
lu
b
il i
ty
s
ha
l l
i
nc
lu
de
th
e
fo
llo
w
in
g:
1
.
W
a
sh
to
c
on
s
ta
n t
w
ei
gh
t.
2
.
i
n
a
s
am
p
le
t
o
ne
a
re
st
p
er
ce
n
t o
f
th
e
we
ig
h
t
th
e
sa
m
pl
e .
3
.
Pl
ac
e
s
am
p
le
in
be
a
ke
r
an
d
a
dd
en
o
ug
h
1
:1
H
C
I
to
im
m
e
r
se
th
e
s
am
p
le
co
m
pl
et
ely
,
bu
t
no
t
le
ss
th
n
t
he
q
ua
n
ti
ty
in
di
ca
te
d i
n
T
ab
le
5
.
4.
A
ll
ow
to
s
ta
nd
,
w
it
h
oc
ca
:s
io
na
l s
ti
rr
in
g,
a
t
ro
om
te
m
pe
r
at
ur
e
fo
r
30
m
in
af
te
r
ef
fe
rv
es
ce
n
ce
c
ea
se
s.
5
.
W
as
h
s
am
p
le
s
ev
e
ra
l t
im
e
s
in
d
is
ti
ll e
d
w
a
te
r
an
d
d
ry
a
t
l1
0
°C
±
5°
C
to
co
n
sta
n
t w
e
ig
h
t.
8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/awwa-b100-96 10/21
8/17/2019 AWWA B100-96
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/awwa-b100-96 11/21
A
gu
r
e
1
F
IL
T
E
R
IN
G
M
A
T
E
RI
A
L
11
Ty
g
on
T
u
bi
ng
W
a
te
r R
e
se
rv
oi
r
10
Q
-m
L
Gr
ad
u
ate
d
B
ur
et 2
/m
-m
L
in
cre
m
e
nts
S
p
e
ci
fic
g
ra
v
it
y t
e
st
ap
p
a
ra
t
u
s
5.
R
e
m
o
ve
t
h
e
p
r
es
o
a
ke
d
s
a
m
p
le
fr
o
m
th
e
w
a
t
er
an
d
p
a
t
th
e
sa
m
p
l
e
d
r
y
w
it
h
a
d
r
y
cl
o
th
or
p
a
p
er
t
o
w
e
ls
t
o
a
s
a
tu
r
a
te
d
s
u
rf
ac
e
d
ry
(
SS
D
)
c
o
n
d
it i
o
n
.
6
.
I
m
m
e
d ia te ly w eigh
the
sample to
the
nearest 0.1
g.
7
.
W
it
h
a
f
u
n
ne
l
, o
r
by
h
a
n
d
,
c
a
re
fu
l
ly
dr
o
p
t
h
e
p
re
w
e
ig
h
e
d
s
am
p
le
in
to
t
he
w
a
te
r
r
es
e
rv
o
i
r a
s
in
d
ic
a
te
d
in
F
ig
u
re
1.
L
ea
v
e
th
e
s
am
pl
e
su
b
m
e
r
ge
d
fo
r
1
5
m
i
n
w
hi
le
ta
p
p
in
g
on
t
h
e
s
id
e
s o
f
t
h
e
r
es
e
rv
o
ir
a
n
d
s
ti
rr
i
ng
t
o
fr
ee
th
e
e
n
t
ra
p
p
e
d
ai
r.
8
.
P
l
ac
e
t
he
g
ra
d
u
a
te
d
b
u
re
t
(w
it
h
v
al
v
e
c
lo
se
d
)
u
n
d
e
r t
h
e
tr
a
h
sp
a
r
e
nt
v
in
y
l
p
la
st
ic
(t
yg
o
n
)
tu
b
in
g
.
O
p
e
n
t
h
e
c
yl
in
d
e
r
v
al
v
e
to
al
lo
w
th
e
di
sp
l
ac
e
,:l
w
a
t
er
to
d
ra
i
n
in
to
t
h
e
gr
a
d
u
at
e
d
b
u
r
et
t
o
it
s l
a
st
d
r
o
p.
A
llo
w
t
h
e
b
u
r
et
t
ip
t
o
fi
ll
be
f
o
re
t
k
in
g
a
f
in
a
l v
o
l
um
e
re
a
d
in
g
.
1
9
.
R
e
a
d
th
e
w
a
te
r
v
ol
u
m
e
in
m
i
ll
il
it
re
s
.
1
0.
P
e
rf
o
rm
c
al
c
ul
a
tio
n
.
s
p
e
ci
fi
c
g
ra
v
it
y
s
a
tu
r
a
te
d
s
u
rf
a
c
e
d
ry
)
=
It
em
6
/I
te
m
9
5.3.4
Sie ve analyses
Sie ve analyses for fil te r ma te r ia ls shall b
e
pe
r
fo
r
m
e
d i
n
a
cc
o
rd
a
n
ce
w
i
th
A
S
T
M
C
1
36
,
a
s
m
o
d
if
ie
d
an
d
s
u
p
pl
e
m
e
n
te
d
h
e
re
in
.
P
ri
nc
i
pl
e
.
P
a
rt
ic
l
e
s
iz
e
s
s
h
a
ll
d
e
te
r
m
i
ne
d
s
c
r
ee
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
gh
s
ta
n
d
a
rd
c
on
f
o
rm
i
n
g
A
S
T
M
P
a
rt
ic
l
e
d
e
fi
n
ed
in
te
r
m
s
t
h
e
s
m
a
l
le
s
t s
i
ev
e
o
p
e
ni
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ic
h
th
e
p
ar
ti
c
le
p
a
s
se
s
.
5
.3
.4
.2
S
a
m
p
l
e
si
z
e.
T
h
e
m
i
ni
m
u
m
s
am
p
le
fo
r
a
n
al
y
se
s
s
h
al
l
b
e
a
s
i
nd
i
c
a t
e
d
in
T
h.
bl
e
6.
5
.3
.
4.
3
P
ro
c
ed
u
r
e.
T
h
e
s
ie
v
in
g
p
ro
c
e
d
ur
e
s
h
al
l
b
e
n
a
c
c
or
d
a
nc
e
w
i
th
A
S
T
M
C
1
3
6.
C
a
r
e
sh
a
l
l
be
ta
k
e
n
t
o
a
v
o
id
b
re
a
k
in
g
a
n
t
h
ra
c
it
e
p
ar
ti
c
le
s
w
h
e
n
s
ie
v
in
g
.
G
e
n
e
ra
ll
y
,
si
e
ve
s
re
q
u
ir
e
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
h
a
ki
n
g
t
im
e
s
o
f
1
0
m
i
n
±
0
.5
m
i
n
fo
r
sa
n
d
o
r g
r
av
e
l
an
d
5
m
i
n
±
0
.
5
m
in
f
or
a
n
th
r
a
ci
te
.
A
ll
s
ta
n
d
a
rd
si
ev
e
s
u
s
e
d
fo
r
te
s
ti
ng
filter m ateria ls shall conform to
the
tolerances required
in
ASTM
E
ll
.
f
q
ue
s
ti
o
ns
o
f
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4
A
WW
A
8
10
0
96
an
d
c
o
nt
am
in
a
tio
n
.
f
o
pe
n-
to
p
c
ar
s
ar
e
u
se
d
t
he
y
s
ha
ll
b
e
t
ig
ht
ly
c
ov
er
ed
.
T
he
p
ur
ch
a
se
r
is
ca
ut
io
ne
d
t
ha
t
p
ot
en
ti
al
c
o
nt
am
i
na
ti
on
o
t
he
pr
o
du
ct
is
p
os
si
bl
e
b
ec
au
se
o
f t
h
e a
b
se
nc
e
o
f h
op
p
er
c
ar
s
de
di
ca
te
d
so
le
ly
to
f
il
te
r m
a
te
ri
al
s.
6.
2.
4
hi
pp
in
g
no
tic
e
W
he
n
a
sh
ip
m
e
nt
o
f
m
at
er
ia
l i
s
be
in
g
lo
a
de
d
t
he
o
-
st
ru
ct
or
s
ha
ll
n
o
tif
y
th
e
pu
r
ch
as
e
r o
f
th
e
ra
il
ca
r
nu
m
b
er
a
n
d
th
e da
te
o
f
sh
ip
m
e
nt
.
he
ship ping notice sha ll contain a certifica tion o
f
t
he
p
ar
tic
le
s
iz
e
d
ist
ri
bu
ti
on
of
th
e
m
a
te
ri
al
in
th
e
s
h
ip
m
en
t.
·
S
e
c.
6
.3
ff
id
a
vi
t o
C
o
m
p
l
ia
n
ce
W
he
n
sp
e
cif
ie
d
b
y
t
he
p
ur
ch
a
se
r
th
e
m
a
n
uf
ac
tu
re
r
s
up
p
lie
r
o
r
c
on
st
ru
ct
or
s
h
all
p
ro
v
id
e
an
a
ff
id
av
it
o
f
co
m
pl
ia
nc
e
s
tat
in
g
th
a
t th
e
fi
lt
er
m
a
te
ri
als
f
u
rn
ish
e
d
co
m
pl
y
w
ith
t
h
e
ap
pl
ic
ab
le
p
ro
vi
sio
n
s
of
th
is
s
ta
nd
a
rd
.
]
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1
8 AW
WA
B
l00-9
6
Sa
m p
lin g
Pro
ced
ure s
an
d
Ta
ble s
fo r
In s
pec
ti on
b y
A tt r
ib u t
es .
1963
. M
ili ta
ry
Sta n
dar
d M
IL -
STD
-10
5D.
Se
gall,
B.A
., and
D
A
O
kun
. 19
66.
Eff e
ct of
Fi
ltra
tion
R
ate
o
n
F
iltr
ate
Qua
lity,
Jour
. AW
W A
58(3
):36
8.
S h
eph
erd
, H .
H . 1
96 5
.
S
and
and
G r
ave
l Fi
lter
M e
dia, Fil
tr at
io n
nd Se
para
tio n
2(N ov/Dec):4 76 .
.
S
hull
,
K
E.
1
965 .
Exp
erie
nc e
s
W
ith
M ul
tiple
B e
d F i
lte r
s , Jou
r. AW
WA
57(3
):31
4.
S le
zak
, L.A
., an
d
R.C.
S im
s. 1
98 4
.
he
A
ppl i
cat i
on and
Eff e
cti v
ene s
s of
Sl o
w S
an d
F
iltr
atio
n
in
t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes J
our.
AW
WA
7
6(1 2
):38
.
S to
la r
ik , G
1
983 .
O z
onat
ion
an
d
irec
t
F il t
ra ti
o n o
f Lo
s A
nge
les
D ri n
k in
g W
ater
.
Pro
c. S
ixth
Ozo
ne W
or l
d C
ong
re ss ,
In t
e rna
tio n
a l O
zo n
e A
sso c
iatio
n.
S
tup
py, M
.L
.,
et
l
195 4
. Ty
pe s
of F
ilte
r Bo
ttom
s, Jo
ur.
AW W
A
46
(6) :
548 .
T a
te,
C .H
., and
R
.R.
Tru
sse l
l. 19
78.
U se
of
P ar
ti c le
C o
un ti
ng in
D
eve
lop i
ng Pla
nt
D
esi g
n C r
ite r
ia , Jo
ur. A
W W
A.
70
(12)
:691
.
Ten
ta ti v
e
S
tan
dar
d
Sp
ecifi
cat i
ons
for
F il t
e r in
g M
ate r
ial -
5C-T
. 1
949 .
J
our
. AW
WA
41(3
):28
9.
Th reg as,
G
1983 . U sing B ack w ash
K in
etics
to Eva
lua
te
A
ttac
hm
ent
M ec
han
ism
s
an
d
For
ces
D u r
in g
Fil tr
a ti o
n , Jou
r. A
W W
A
75 (
198
3):2
54.
T ru
ss e
ll R
.R., et
al
. 1
980
. Re
cen
t De
vel o
pm
ent in
Filt
rati
on
Sy
stem
D
esi g
n , Jou
r.
A
WW
A
72 (
12) :
705 .
Tu
ep k
er,
J .L .
, and
C A
B ue
sch
er Jr
1
969 .
O p
era
ti on
and
M
ain t
enan
ce
of R
ap i
d
S
and
M ix
ed-
M ed
ia F
ilte
rs
n
a L
im e
So
fte n
in g Pla
nt
Jo u
r. A
W W
A
60 :
137 7
.
T
urn
er,
H.G
. 19
43.
Pen
nsy
lvan
ia A
nt h
rac i
te as
a
Fi l
ter
M ed
ium
,
In
dus
t.
En
g.
C
hon
.
35(
Feb)
.
U ll r
ich ,
A. H
. 1
949
. R a
pid
Sa
nd
Fil
te r
D
esi g
n and
M
ai
n te n
anc
e , Wtr
Se
wag
e
Wor
ks 96
0c
t):38
1.
J
We
ber,
W .J
. Jr .
197
2.
P
hys
ioc h
emi
cal
Pro
cesse
s F
or W
ate
r Q u
ali t
y C
ont r
ol/8
71.
N
ew
Yor
k,
N
Y
:
W ll
ey In
ter-
Sci e
nc e
.
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P
P
EN
D
I
X
C
al
ib
ra
tio
n
o
f
S
ie
ve
s
Th
is a
pp
end
ix i
s fo
r i
nfo
rm
ati o
n o
nl y
a
nd
is n
o t
a p
art
o
f
WW
B
lOO
S
e
cti
on
B
r
ec
is
io
n o
f
Si
ev
es
A
lt h
ou
gh
sie
ves
ar
e
ma
de
fro
m
ca
re f
ul l
y s
el e
ct e
d b
ra
ss w
ir e
c
lo
th
w it
h m
e
sh e
s
th
at
a
re
as
sq
ua r
e a
nd
ev
en
-s i
ze d
a
s
p
oss
ib l
e, it
is r
are
th
at
th
ey w
il l
ha
ve
ex
ac t
ly
the
s
am
e s
iz e
op
en
ing
s,
ev
en
wh
en
m
ad
e f
rom
t
he
sa
m e
pi
ece
of
m
ate
ria
l. F
or
p
re
ci
se
wo
rk ,
ll
si
ev
es
sh o
ul
d be
c
ali
br a
te
d a
cc o
rd
ing
to
th
e p
ro
ced
ur
es ·
in A
ST
M
E
ll
S
pe c
if i
ca t
io n
fo
r
Wi
re -
Cl o
th
Si
ev e
s
fo r
Te
sti
ng
Pu
rp
os e
s.
F
or
no
mi
na l
d
im e
ns
io n
s
fo r
wi
re
cl o
th
of s
ta
nd
a rd
tes
t
si e
ve s
, s
ee
Ta
ble
B.
1).
S
ec
tio
n
8
2
G
la
ss
S
ph
er
es
Fo
r
ro
ut i
ne
ch e
ck
ing
of
si
ev e
s a
nd
fo
r d
et
erm
in
in g
t
he
ef fe
cti
ve
sie
ve
op
en
in g
s,
a
m
eth
od
th
at
em
pl
oy s
gl
as
s s
ph e
re
s is
re
co
mm
en
de
d.
Th
e g
la s
s s
ph
ere
s
sh o
uld
n
o t
b
e
us e
d
to
de
te r
m i
ne
co
nfo
rm
ity
to
s
pe c
if i
ca t
ion
s.
G l
ass
s
ph
e re
s f
or
us
e in
si e
ve
cal
ib r
ati
on
m a
y b
e
ob t
ai n
ed
fr
om
t
he
N
at
io n
al
In
s ti
tu t
e o
f S
tan
da
rds
.t
Fo
ur o
f
th e
se
st
an
da
rd
re f
er e
nc
e m
at
e ri
a ls
are
n
ow
av
ai
la b
le ,
i n
cl u
di n
g S
R
M
10 1
9a
fo
r c
al i
b ra
ti n
g
s
ie v
es
No
. 8
t
o No
.
35
; S
RM
10
18 a
fo
r
cal
ib r
ati
ng
sie
ve
s N
o.
2
0 t
o
No
. 70
; S
R
M
10
17
a f
or
ca
li b r
ati
ng
sie
ve
s No
.
50
to
N
o.
170
; an
d
S
RM
1
004
f
or
ca l
ib r
ati
ng
si e
ve
s
N
o.
14
0 to N
o.
40
0.
D
et a
ile
d i
ns t
ru ctions on the use of th e
glas s
sphere s for cal ibr ating
si e
ve
s are
fu r
ni s
he
d w
ith
e
ach
sa
mp
le
.
A
m e
ric
an
Soc
iety
fo
r T
hst
in g
a
nd
M
at
eri
als ,
10
0 B
ar
r H
arb
or
Dr.
, W
es
t C
ons
hoh
oc
ken
, PA
1
94 2
8- 2
95 9
.
tN
atio
na
l In
sti
tut
e of
Sta
nd
ard
s
a
nd T
ech
nolo
gy
, S
upp
ly
Div
isi
on,
Bld
g.
30
1, G
ai
th e
rsb
urg
,
MD
20
89
9
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FI
LT
E
R I
N G
M
A
TE
R
IA
L
2
1
T
a
bl
e B
1
N
om
i
na
l
di
m
en
s
io
ns
,
pe
r
m
iss
ib
le
v
a
ria
ti
on
s
fo
r
w
ir
e
c l
o t
h
o
f
sta
n
da
r
d
te
st
s
ie
ve
s
U
S
A
S
ta
nd
a
rd
S
e
rie
s
)·
c
o
nt
in
ue
d
)
Pe
rm
i
ss
ib l
e
V
ar
ia
ti o
n
of
M
ax
im
um
No
m
in
al
A
ve
ra
ge
O
pe
n
in g
O
p
en
in
g
Si z
e
fo
r
N
o
mi
na
l
S
ie
ve
F
ro
m
t
he
N ot M ore
Than
M axi m um Wire
S
iev
e
D
es
ig n
a
ti o
n
O
pe
ni n
g
S
ta
nd
ar
d
Sie
v
e
5
P
e r
ce
nt
o
f
In
di
vi d
u
al
D
ia
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