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Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE. Influential Thinkers Buddha Mahavira Confucius Laozi ? Socrates Aristotle Plato & other Greeks. New Religions/ Philosophical Systems Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Greek Philosophy. Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Axial (Spiritual Age) 6th-4th century BCE
Influential Thinkers• Buddha• Mahavira• Confucius• Laozi ?• Socrates• Aristotle• Plato & other Greeks
New Religions/Philosophical Systems
• Buddhism• Confucianism• Daoism• Greek Philosophy
Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism
I. Dynasties in Chinese HistoryII. Zhou DynastyIII. Confucianism
IDs: Mandate of Heaven, Duke of Zhou, Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), d. 479 BCE, Confucian reciprocity, filial piety
Argument
Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20th century.
I. Dynasties in Chinese History
A. Unity of China under dynasty by 1100 BCE
B. Dynasties as Gov’ts & Periods in Chinese History
Shang Dynasty (1600-1050 BCE)
Zhou Dynasty (1050-256 BCE)
Qin Dynasty (256-206 BCE)
Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE)
Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE)
Tang Dynasty (618-906 CE)Song Dynasty (960-1279)Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)Ming (1368-1644)Qing (1644-1911)
C. Shang Dynasty (ca. 1600-1050 BCE)
Union of kings & priests (diviners) in state
Religious ideas
• Ancestor worship• Di (High God, founding
ancestor of Shang family)• Divination by oracle bones
II. Zhou Dynasty (1027 – 256 BCE)
A. Composition of 4 of 5 Chinese Classical Texts
B. Governing Ideals
1. Mandate of Heaven
Di = Heaven
King WenKing Wu
Mandate of Heaven & the Dynastic Cycle
2. Virtuous Rulers and Ministers as Models
• King Wu• Duke of Zhou• Regent
3. Values
• Family• Social order• Strong son
preference
4. Warring States Period* (770-221 BCE)
Breakdown of unityLots of small statesWar & anarchy
(*actually it’s divided into Eastern Zhou Dynasty period, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period)
Hundred Masters or Hundred Schools of Thought
Confucius (Confucianism)
Laozi (Daoism)
III. Confucianism
Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), 551-479 BCE
The Analects
A. Ideology of Confucianism
1. Hierarchy in Human Relationships leads to social order
a. Hierarchical Pairs
1. father-son2. ruler-minister3. husband-wife4. friend-friend5. older brother-younger
brother
b. Reciprocity
• treat those above with respect
• treat those below with benevolence
2. Achieving Proper Behavior
Rectification of Names
b. Filial piety
c. ritual
• Ancestors• “Heaven”
B. Impact of Confucianism
1. A philosophy rather than a religion
2. Subordination of Individual to Family
3. Reshaping of Elites as Gentlemen Officials
Gov’t service: highest status
Emphasis on educationTraining in virtue
4. Virtue & Reciprocity in Gov’t.
Do not seek profitSupport agricultureProtect common people
Argument
Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20th century.