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B.Cayci1, B.Günaydın1,S.Yuksel1, S.Soylemez1, C.Altundarak2
Gazi University School of Medicine1& Hacettepe University Faculty of Sports Science2
Ankara, Turkey
www.berringunaydin.com
OutlineOxidative stress and smokingMalondialdehyde (MDA) in smokers and non-smokers
MDAAnalysisEffect of smoking
Background OXIDATIVE STRESS is an imbalance
between oxidants and antioxidants on a cellular base
One of the particular sources of oxidative stress is smoking
One of the particular biomarkers of oxidative damage is MDA
Clin Chimica Acta 2007
Oxidative Stress
AntioxidantsSOD &GSH-PX
or Vit E, C & A
OxidantsMDA
SmokingPhysical ExerciseUV
radiation
Oxidative Stress Inducers
Tobacco smoke contains
gas and tarphase
and other oxidants
InduceOXIDATIVE
STRESS
Smoking
Smokers(cigarettes/
day)
Light ≤10
Moderate11-20
Heavy>20
What is moderate exercise?
moderate-intensity walk corresponds to 100 steps/min or 3,000 steps/30 min
It can be measured either by using pedometers or monitoring O2 uptake
during exercise in the lab
mild
moderateworkout
vigorous
Treadmill at speeds between 2.4 to 4.1 miles/h, the number of steps per min to reach moderate-intensity exercisefor men was between 92 to 102 and for women it was between 91 to115 steps/ min
Analysis
TBARS/UV
TBARS/FL
HPLC
MDA is a simple screnning method of oxidative damage which has been extensively used in smokers
rough estimate of MDA
Clinical Studies with serum MDA levels (µmol/L) using TBARS
Total (n) Non-smoker
Smoker p Male (n) Female (n) TBARS
123 20.7 24.0
Background
We have previously investigated temporal changes and/or daily fluctuations by determining indicators of lipid peroxidation such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a small number of critically ill patients under oxidative stress versus healthy volunteers (as control) in order to design an effective antioxidant therapy regimen
Background
MDA levels were significantly higher in the study group at 8 pm than that of control group (P
Results Gunaydin et al. Minerva Anestesiol 2007
No significant differences were found in SOD and GSH-PX activities within the 24 h period or between the groups. GSH-PX activities in control and study groups revealed only temporal variation
Consequently there are signs of oxidative stress in ICU patients that vary in time but further studies are required in order to design appropriate antioxidant treatments
Aim
The aim of the present study is to investigate the acute effect of moderate exercise on oxidative stress by determining serum MDA levels in moderate smoker subjects versus non-smokers
Patients and Methods 50 healthy subjects performing moderate
intensity exercise were assigned to 2 groups Group 1 (n=25) moderate smokers (11-20
cigarettes/day) Group 2 (n=25) non-smokers were enrolled
Sampling Venous blood samples were collected to
determine MDA levels before & after moderate exercise
Biochemical Analysis MDA levels (as an indicator of lipid
peroxidation) were detected in serum by TBARS/UV as described using the table
Hunter et al. Neurochem Res 1985
CalculationsStep 1 Std1 (20 nmol/mL)à0,354 Std2 (10 nmol/mL)à0,186 Std3 (5 nmol/mL)à0,083
20/0,354=56,5 10/0,186=53,7 56,5 + 53,7 + 60,2 = 170,4 5/0,083=60,2 170,4/3=56,8 (common factor)Step 2 (Sample abs / Std abs) x std concentration = MDA
(nmol/mL)
Statistical Analysis Results were expressed as mean±sd
One-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test were used to assess differences between pre-exercise and post-exercise within smokers and non-smokers as well as between females and males
p
Results
Smoker (n=25) Non=smoker (n=25) Age (year) 34.0±0.8 32.8±1.0 BMI (kg/)cm2) 24.9±0.9 22.9±1.2 Sex (male/female) 12/13 11/14
Table 1. Demographic properties (mean±sd)
p>0.05
Results
Smoker (n=25) Non=smoker (n=25) Pre-exercise 3.98±0.23 2.05±0.75 Female 3.99±0.33 2.09±0.34 Male 3.97±0.22 2.01±0.44 Post-exercise 5.78±0.91* 3.25±0.88 Female 5.90±0.54# 3.20±0.65 Male 5.66±0.32 3.30±0.24
*:p
Discussion & Conclusion MDA detection in serum by TBARS, which is
a simple and low cost analysis, appears to bepositively correlated with smoking status in female subjects
Therefore, MDA determination can beconsidered a valuable screening tool in demonstrating the oxidative stress due to moderate exercise particularly in smokers to reorganize healthier life style.
Thank you