UNIT 7 FINAL REVIEW

UNIT 7 REVIEW Aztecs & Incas are best known for Adaptation to geography

Aztecs – swamps/marshland floating gardens for crops

Incas – Andes Mountains terrace farming on mt. side, road system

UNIT 7 REVIEW The Ming Dynasty is best known for Reinstating the civil service

exam Reinstated after Mongol rule ended

(took gov’t jobs), Neo-Confucianism – importance of Confucian ideals

UNIT 7 REVIEW The Ottoman Empire is best known for Expanded influence of Muslims &

IslamTook control of Byzantine Empire

(major trading crossroad) & became Muslim capital, expanded across Asia & Africa, Suleiman the Magnificent united Ottomans

How did the Black Death led to the

Renaissance?

- Weakened church power- People moved to cities for work- End of feudalism

How did the Crusades lead

to the Renaissance?

- Increased trade btwn East & West - Revival of learning (Muslim sci & math)- Exposure to Greco-Roman culture

Define & describe

the Renaissanc

e

- Time period 1400-1600Rebirth of learning in art, writing, philosophy

The Renaissance

WHY DID THE RENAISSANCE BEGIN IN ITALY 1. City states

1. Developed b/c of trade

2. Merchants & the Medicis1. Middle class grew b/c of trade, class based

on ability2. Wealthy art patrons

3. Greco-Roman Culture 1. Italy preserved culture & desire to learn

RENAISSANCE WORD ASSOCIATION • Vernacular• common every day language, what books

were printed in, increased literacy • Secular• Worldly, non-religious ideas

• Literacy• Ability to read & write, increased b/c of

vernacular books

EFFECTS OF THE PRINTING PRESS Renaissance

More books = cheaper booksCheaper books = increased literacy Increased literacy = know knowledgable,

ideas spread quicker Protestant Reformation

Helped spread ideas quicker Erasmus’ “Praise of Folly” & Martin Luther’s 95

ThesesEncouraged peopled to question the church

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Problems w/ RC Church

• Uneducated clergy

• Selling of indulgences

What reformers did

• Erasmus – wrote “Praise of Folly” calling for an end to church corruption

• Martin Luther- wrote 95 Theses to expose church corruption

Effects on Europe

• Europe religiously divided

• Education & practices questioned

• Jews & Muslims persecuted

• Weakened Roman Catholic authority

HENRY VIII & CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Henry VIII’s Problem

- Needed a son as an heir

- Wife couldn’t bear a son

Why did the Henry VIII leave the RC

church?

- wouldn’t allow him to get a divorce

Henry VIII Solution

- est. church of England (Anglican

Church)- Act of Supremacy

made him in charge or church

THE COUNTER REFORMATION Council of Trent

Committee of Catholic leaders to reform church

Banned selling of indulgences The Inquisition

Accuse, try & punish heretics

AGE OF EXPLORATION - REASONS

Gold- Need for new sources & direct route to Asia

Glory - Renaissance inspired new thinking of possibilities

God - Missionaries wanted to spread the Christian faith

WHO’S WHO IN EXPLORATION Columbus – goal to find direct route to

America, found N America by mistake Magellan – circumnavigated the Earth

Define & Describe Columbian Exchange – exchange of goods

between Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) to New World ( Americas)

The Transatlantic Slave Trade – transported slaves to new world

Mercantilism – economic policy to gain wealth by controlling trade & est. colonies

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION How each event lead to the Scientific

RevolutionThe Renaissance – encouraged questioning

& individual achievement/successThe Protestant Reformation – encouraged

questioning of church practices Age of Exploration – encouraged discovery

of new things

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION The Heliocentric Theory was a key

idea during the Scientific Revolution that caused tension with the Catholic church because…The church taught the geocentric theory so

they feared they would lose authority and power

Effects of the Scientific Revolution Led to continued questioning of tradition Using reasoning and science to explain the

world Led to the Enlightenment – period of time

where new ideas were made in government, economics, education, etc.

AGE OF ABSOLUTISM Absolutism

King/queen has full control of kingdom & people

Divine Right Claim of absolute rule comes from god

Louis XIV Centralized French gov’t, est. Palace of

Versailles Peter the Great

Policy to Westernization to modernize Russia, built St. Petersburg

AGE OF ABSOLUTISM In what ways did England try to

decrease power of absolute rulers? Magna Carta – kings must obey laws like

everyone elseParliament – legislative body to make lawsEnglish Bill of Rights – more power given to

Parliament and citizens