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N TT NGHIP KS MI TRNG TH KHA 20072012THIT K QUY HOCH QUN L CHT THI RN T.P HI ANTNH QUNG NAM

GVHD: PGS.TS C HUY USVTH : DNG THHNG CHM2007M Page 1

CHNG IV: QUY HOCH KHU XL, THU GOM V VN CHUYN

CHT THI RN TP HI AN

5.1. LA CHN PHNG PHP V CNG NGH XL CTR5.1.1 .C sv phng php la chn cng ngh xl CTR5.1.1.1. Cc yu tlm cn cla chn phng php xl CTR

la chn phng php x l cht thi rn th phi cn c vo:

+ Thnh phn, c tnh v khi lng cht thi rn ca th cn x l.

+ iu kin c th ca tng a phng

- Kh hu, thnhng, a cht cng trnh, a cht thy vn, thy vn.- Phong tc tp qun.- C din tch t ai p ng vi ni x l.- C vt liu ph ti ch hoc gn.

+ Yu cu mc k thut vsinh mi trng.

+ Trnh KHKT v nng lc cn b, nhn cng.

+ Nhu cu thtrng v s dng cc sn phm t vic x l CTR.

+ Khnng ti chnh ca a phng. iu ny c phn tch, xem xt k trong

mi quan h vi nhng yu tkhc v c bit l phi so snh yu cu t ai, chi ph thi

cng, thit b, vn hnh

5.1.1.2. Cc nguyn tc v tiu ch la chn cng ngh xl CTRa. Nguyn tc

Khi tin hnh la chn cng ngh x l cht thi rn, cn tun theo nhng nguyn

tc sau:

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- Tip cn vi nhng cng ngh tin tin v nhng kinh nghim ca th gii vtrong khu vc.

- Cng nghn gin nhng khng lc hu, m bo x l c hiu qu, an ton vkhng gy hu qu nhim mi trng bo v sc khe ca ngi lao ngv cng ng

- Gi thnh c th chp nhn trong iu kin cho php ca a phng.- C gng tn thu nhng gi tr ca CTR to ra sn phm mi phc v sn xut

v i sng sinh hot ca con ngi.

b. Cc tiu ch c bn nh gi cng ngh la chnm bo nhng nguyn tc cho , cn phi a vo cc ni dung v tiu

ch c bn sau y khi nh gi cng ngh:

+ S thch hp vi iu kin thc t ca a phng.

- iu kin tnhin: a hnh, a cht cng trnh, a cht thy vn v thy vn,iu kin kh hu, thnhng

- Khnng ti chnh, trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi v KHKT.- Nhu cu ca thtrng tiu th sn phm t vic x l CTR.- S ph hp ca quy hoch qun l CTR c bit l quy hoch cc c sx l

vi quy hoch s dng ca a phng.

- C vt liu ph ti ch hoc gn.- Phong tc tp qun ca a phng v cc yu t khc.

+ Tiu ch mi trng: Mc v hiu qu ca cng ngh xl nh chn trong

nn kinh t quc dn v ring l ca a phng.

+ Cc tiu ch k thut ca cng ngh x l bao gm:

- Chi ph u t ban u.

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- Chi ph vn hnh, bo dng.- Hiu qu v thi gian hon v ca cng trnh x l.- Slng vic lm c to ra.-

Mc tiu thnng lng in v nc.- Thi gian xy dng v hot ng.- Cng sut x l mc cao nht v trung bnh.- Nhn cng v mc c gii ha sn xut.

5.1.1.3. Phng php la chn cng nghC rt nhiu phng php la chn cng ngh xl CTR, trong c 2 phng

php thng dng: Phng php phn tch v phng php ma trn. T rong n ny do

s liu v cc loi cng nghkhng y cho nn chng ta s chn phng php phn

tch la chn cng ngh x l cht thi rn ca thnh ph.

Cc phng php xl cht thi rn c chia lm cc loi sau:

Theo mc tiu xl, gm c:+ Phng php x l nhm s dng li thu hi ti nguyn, sn phm vt

liunhm gii quyt yu cu kinh t, tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin.

+ Phng php x l thi b nhm gii quyt yu cu BVMT.

Theo nguyn tc cng ngh, gm c:+ Phng php x l s b (tch, phn loi, gim th tch, gim kch thc cht

thi).

+ Phng php x l sinh hc ( sinh hc hiu kh, sinh hc ym kh x l

cc cht c thnh phn hu c).

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+ Phng php x l ha hc v nhit (thiu t, thy phn, chng khng c

khng kh, nhit phn).

+ Phng php xl c hc (nn, p, nghin).

Hnh 5.1. S nguyn tc xl CTR th

a. Cc phng php xl cht thi rn ph bin trong nc

Hnh5.2. Cc phng php xl cht thi rn

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Phng php chn lp hp v sinhChn lp hp vsinh cng nh phng php chn lp cht thi rn thng thng

nhng km theo vic rc cc ch phm sinh hc lm tng qu trnh phn hy rc thi v

gim mi trong qu trnh phn hy ca rc thi. Ngoi ra nc r rc t qu trnh phn

hy rc sc thu gom v xl ng thi kh gas sinh ra trong qu trnh rc cng s

c thu hi trnh nguy c chy n. Khi xy dng bi chn lp cht thi cn phi xc

nh quy m bi chn lp v thi gian hot ng ca bi chn lp t rc cc bin

php xy dng, qun l bi trong sut qu trnh xy dng, a vo hot ng v sau khi

ng bi. Khi thit k bi chn lp cht thi rn hp v sinh theo tiu chun thit k

TCXDVN 261: 2001 ca B xy dng ban hnh theo quyt nh s35/2001/Q BXD.

Cc tiu ch cn la chn phng php chn lp hp v sinh.

Hiu qu xla im thch hp: xa dn c, iu kin a cht, thy vn thch hp, khng u

ngun nc hay cnh ngun nc, khng qu xa ngun thi, giao thng thun li, h

thng cy xanh, vng m cy xanh.

Trong qu trnh la chn v tr bi chn lp, chu t phi cn c vo s liu v

a hnh, thi tit kh hu, tnh trng thy vn, a cht, hsinh thi v cc iu kin kinh

t x hi ti v tr d kin xy dng bi chn lp cht thi rn.

Cc ch snh gi:

+ Khnng p ng nhu cu chn lp

+ Khnng p ng yu cu v mt bi chn lp cht thi rn hp v sinh (Cu

to lp lt y v lt hng chng thm; Phn l chn lp; Quy trnh san gt, m nn rc

v phn on pht,).

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+ Hiu qu thu gom v xl nc rc, kh thi, mi hi

+ Quy m ph hp khnng cha cht thi rn (m3); thi hn s dng (nm).

+ Khnng ti s dng bi chn lp cht thi rn sau khi ng bi.

Tnh kinh t, chi ph kinh tcng thp cng tt, li ch kinh tmang li cng

nhiu cng tt.

Kim ton sau thi gian vn hnh ti thiu 1 nm cc ch snh gi tiu ch

nhnh hay th cp.

- Sut u tTng chi ph u t

(1000/m3 hoc tn cht thi)Tng lng cht thi c x l (cng sut)

- Chi ph vn hnhTng chi ph vn hnh

(1000/m3

hoc tn cht thi)Tng lng cht thi c x l (cng sut)

- Ch stiu hao nng lng (in, du):Tng tiu hao nng lng

(KW/m3 hoc tn cht thi)Tng lng cht thi c x l (cng sut)

- Ch s tiu hao ha chtTng chi ph ha cht

(1000/m3 hoc tn cht thi)Tng lng cht thi c x l0

Trnh hin i ca cng ngh hay thit b

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Cc ch snh gi tiu ch nhnh hay th cp

Mc hin i: So snh vi cc cng ngh x l tng tnc ngoi hoc

nhp vo nc ta.

Mc c kh ha, tng ha hoc bn tng ha.

Khnng d dng vn hnh.

bnh lu ca thit b (tui th)

Sph hp vi iu kin tnhin v con ngi, x hi Vit NamCc ch snh gia tiu ch nhnh hay th cp.

Tnh ph hp vi thin nhin v con ngi Vit Nam, c sng thun ca

cng ng xung quanh.

Tnh sng to, khnng t thit k, ch to hay p dng cng ngh ca nc ngoi

ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam.

T l (%) cu kin, linh kin, thit bc s dng trong nc (ni a ha)

Khnng s cha v bo hnh trong nc.

An ton i vi mi trng, vsinh lao ng v phng nga tai nn, sc mitrng

nh gi sau thi gian vn hnh ti thiu l 6 thng

Cc ch snh gi tiu ch nhnh hay th cp

+ Khng gy tc ng xu i vi moi trng xung quanh

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- m bo cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh- Khng gy tc hi i vi mi trng nc mt v nc ngm- Khng gy nhim ting n-

Khng gy nhim mi trng t xung quanh.

iu kin vsinh mi trng ni vi ph hp vi tiu chun v sinh ca B y t

ban hnh

Thn thin mi trng (mc dng ha cht, cht c hi).

Mc ri ro i vi mi trng (s c chy n v ti nn lao ng).

Khong cch t bi chn lp v t cc cng trnh x l cht thi rn n khu dn

c gn nht phi tun thheo TCXDVN 261: 2001. Quy nh khong cch ATVMT ca

c sx l cht thi rn theo QCXDVN 01: 2008 nh sau:

Bi chn lp cht thi rn hn hp (v c v hu c) hp v sinh, phi c khong

cch ATVMT nh nht gia hng ro bi chn lp cht thi rn n chn cc cng trnh

xy dng khc 1000m.

Khong cch ATVMT nh nht gia bi chn lp cht thi rn v c n chn cc

cng trnh xy dng khc 100m

Nh my x l cht thi rn (t c x l kh thi, sn xut phn hu c): khong

cch ATVMT nh nht gia nh my x l cht thi rn n chn cc cng trnh xy

dng khc l 500m.

Chiu rng ca di cy xanh cch ly ngoi hng ro 200m tnh thng ro c s

x l cht thi rn.

Nhng thc u t xy dng cc khu lin hp x l cht thi rn th v tr ca

cc khu ny phi t ph hp vi quy hoch chung c ph duyt. Cc cng trnh x

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khng c x l s gy nhim ngun nc. Cc bi chn lp khng c b tr xa khu

dn c s gy nhim mi trng v nh hng n sc khe ngi dn.

Vic la chn v tr bi chn lp l kh khn do khi la chn bi chn lp i

vi cc th ln cn phi la chn bi chn lp rng c thm bo x l cht

thi rn cho thnh ph trong mt khong thi gian di ph hp vi nh hng pht trin

n cc giai on nht nh ca th. Nu iu kin cho php c th xy dng cc khu

lin hip x l ton b cht thi cho th bao gm c cht thi nguy hi. Cng c th

lin kt vi cc th lin k hnh thnh mt khu lin hip x l cht thi rn cho cc

th iu ny s tit kim ng k din tch t cng nh chi ph xy dng, vn

hnh. Xy dng lin hip ln x l cht thi cho lin th s l mt xu hng trong

tng lai Vit Nam

Cc tiu ch cn li s ln lt c nh gi xem xt trong qu trnh phn tch v

la chn phng n x l chn lp hp v sinh.

i vi phng php sinh hctng khnng ti s dng ca cht thi rn th x l rc bng phng php ch

bin rc thnh phn bn cng l mt phng php cn c pht trin. c im chung

ca cht thi rn thnc ta l c thnh phn hu c cao. Sau khi c phn loi rt

thch hp ch bin lm phn bn bng phng php ln men t nhin hoc ln men

cng bc. C th chn cng ngh phn hy dng vi khun hiu kh hoc ym kh. Tuy

nhin tin hnh ch bin phn bn t cht thi rn cn c cc bin php phn loi cht

thi rn t ngun iu sm bo cht lng phn bn c to ra. Trong qu trnh

xem xt cc cng ngh x l cht thi rn bng sinh hc rc thi thnh phn hu c, cctiu ch trn c c thha nh sau:

Hiu qu xl

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Cc ch snh gi

- Cng nght (s bung t; Nhit bung t: s cp (0C), th cp (0C); thigian lu kh trong bung t, khuy trn).

- Hiu qu x l kh thi, nc thi, tro x.- Cng sut l t.- Din tch chim dng.

Cc ch tiu cn li c xem xt tng t i vi cng ngh chn lp hp v

sinh.

i vi cng ngh x l cht thi bng phng php t nhit ca bung t lrt quan trng trong vic xl do tiu ch 1 cng l tiu ch quan trng nht. Do chi

ph u t cho phng php t l ln v k thut vn hnh cng phc tp do nc

ta phng php t mi ch p dng x l cc loi cht thi nguy hi v ly nhim m

ch yu l cht thi t bnh vin.

Cc hot ng thu hi v ti sdng cht thi rnThu hi v ti s dng cht thi l mt trong nhng mc tiu quan trng trong

qun l cht thi rn ti bt k th no. Thu hi v ti ch cht thi rn khng chem

li li ch v mt kinh t m cn gip phn lm gim lng cht thi em x l. Trong

iu kin ngy nay khi cc ti nguyn thin nhin khng ti sinh c ngy cng suy

gim th vic ti s dng cht thi rn cng l mt bin php lm gim khai thc cc

ngun ti nguyn tnhin. Do thu hi v ti s dng cht thi cn l mt mc tiu

trong qun l cht thi rn cc th

Tng cng thu hi sn phm s dng dng li cho cng mt mc ch,

hoc tm ra mc ch s dng khc. Ti s dng tp trung ch yu vo cc loi chai l

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ng ung, cc loi bao b vn chuyn thng qua khu lu thng di dng t cc

khp kn mt chu trnh: Sn xutLu thng Tiu dngLu thng Sn xut.

Khuyn khch cc c s ti ch cht thi rn bng cch thu hi cc sn phm

qua s dng, x l hoc ch bin li a nn kinh tdi dng cc sn phm ban u

hoc cc sn phm mi.

Ti s dng hoc ti ch cht thi rn c th thc hin tt cc khu cng nghip

tp trung trn c shnh thnh mt h thng thng tin trao i cht thi v trong mt

strng hp cht thi cn phi loi bni ny li trthnh nguyn liu u vo ni

khc.

Coi vic thu nht ph thi nh mt ngnh ngh. Xt v tng th th nhng ngi

thu nht ph thi rt c li cho cng tc qun l cht thi rn v h thu hi c t l ln

cht thi rn a vo ti ch v ti s dng, v vy lc lng thu nht ph thi cn

c t chc v qun l.

b. Mt sphng php p dng trn th gii H thng Composting Lemna: Cng ngh ny s dng cc ti ln c hm lng

polyete thp cha v bo v CTR hu c nhm mc ch y nhanh qu trnh phn

hy sinh hc tnhin, sn xut ra phn bn hu c cht lng cao, khng kh c

cp vo trong cc bao cha lin tc.

Qu trnh cng ngh Lemna

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S bi

H thng composting Lemna c rt nhiu u im v mt k thut v kinh t:

Khng gy mi hi thi v rui mui: ngn chn bi v nc r r; gim 1/5 nhu cu v

din tch t so vi cc cng nghkhc; y nhanh qu trnh phn hy cht hu c; qu

trnh vn hnh n gin v chi ph bo dng thp; khng nguy him v ha hon.

Cng ngh sn xut phn DANO ca an MchRc sau khi c thu gom vnh my, c chqua trm cn in txc nh

khi lng. Sau , rc txe c thng vo h thu, t rc c a ln bng ti

xch. Bng ti co ngoi nhim va rc ln bng ti t, cn c nhim vlm ti v dn

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mng rc. Trn bng ti co ngoi nhim va rc ln bng ti t, cn c nhim v lm

ti v dn mng rc. Trn ti co cc thanh co tri, phi, gia c gn cht trn cc

tm xch bng bulng. Bng ti co c kch thc l 107500 2810mm. Rc c bng

ti co a vo bng ti t, ti rc kim loi sc tch ra v dn vo mt phu khca ra bi ph liu. Sau rc c a vo Thit bn nh sinh ha. Ngoi ra trong

giai on ny, mt s rc thi cng c cng nhn ng 2 bn nht thu hi lm ph liu

c th ti ch(nh bao nilon, chai l nha, giy cao su, chai l thy tinh, thic, nhm).

S dy truyn cng ngh

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u im ca cng ngh- Mc tng ha v c gii tng i cao.- Chi ph u t ban u hp l.- Gim c rt nhiu cng vic lao ng th cng cho cng nhn trong mi

trng c hi.

- Rc trc khi em c sng phn loi, bm vi kch thc va phi, co trn u nn phn hy tt v ng u.

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- Phn hu c c cht lng tt cao do c loi hu ht cc tp cht- Khi lng ph thi em chn lp thp.

Nhc im ca cng ngh-

Chi ph u t xy dng nh xng tng i ln.- Chi ph vn hnh bo dng cao.- Yu cu cng nhn vn hnh phi c o to k thut cn thn.

Cng ngh Compost SteinmuellercCng ngh sn xut ny da trn qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cc cht hu c ti

di tc dng ca vi sinh vt. Nguyn liu u vo ca qu trnh l CTR th cha

c phn loi

u im ca cng nghDo h thng s dng cc phng php thi kh nn s thu hi c mt phn

nhit, duy tr nhit trong qu trnh thi kh. Hn na lng kh trong qu trnh phn

hy c thu hi v x l bng h thng hp th sinh hc. Nc rrc pht sinh c thu

gom v tun hon duy tr m qu trnh nn cc cht thi pht sinh trong qu trnh

gim c vlng v cht. Mt khc, do thi kh lin tc trong thit b nn bo m cpkh y v phn hy nhanh hn so vi cc phng php khc v dit c cc VSV

gy bnh ng thi qu trnh khng chu nh hng ca thi tit.

Nhc im ca cng nghL chi ph u t cho cc thit bban u ln, chi ph vn hnh cao (chi ph vn

hnh cho h thng thi kh).

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S dy truyn cng ngh

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c. Phn tch v la chn phng php xl cht thi rnDa trn c sd liu thu nhp c ca a phng v cc ti liu khc lin quan

n vic la chn cng ngh x l cht thi rn, tin hnh phn tch nhm sng lc cc

cng ngh khng thch hp. Sau tip tc phn tch v so snh khn theo cc tiu ch

ca tng cng ngh loi tr tip v la chn. Cui cng sc phng n la chn

thch hp. Phng php phn tch loi tr dn l phng php n gin, d thc hin,

chnh xc ph thuc vo nhiu c sd liu, hiu r cng nghv cch phn tch.

sn sng lc phi da vo iu kin c th ca tng a phng v khnng p ng ca

cng ngh.

Bng 5.2. Tiu ch la chn phng php xl cht thi rn

TT

Phng php

xl

khnng

chn

lp

Phn vi

sinh

Thiu

t

t c thu

hi nhit

Thu hi

nguyn liu

1 Lng CTR t nht70

tn/ngy

120

tn/ngy

1

tn/ngy

200

tn/ngy

< 200

tn/ngy

2Kh nng thch hp

chn lp2

3 Chi ph cho VL ph 1

4 TT tiu th NL 1

5 TT tiu th phn VS 2

6TT cho sn phm thu

hi2

7Khng c sn nhn

lc p ng yu cu

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KT

8 tin cy cao c

chn0

La chn Chn Chn Chn Chn

0: Khng la chn; 1: t la chn; 2: La chn

5.1.1.4. Cht thi rn sinh hotTrong cht thi sinh hot c chia lm cc thnh phn: Cht thi rn hu c, cht

thi rn ti ch, cht thi rn tiu hy.

+ Vi cht thi rn c thnh phn hu c cao, trong khi Hi An l mt TP du lch

nhng Tnh Qung Nam li l mt tnh thun nng th vic sn xut phn compost

phc v cho cc loi cy trng l mt vic rt tt. Do cn tn dng trit cht thi

hu c trong cht thi sinh hot sn xut phn vi sinh.

+ Cht thi ti ch: Ty thuc vo tng loi m ta c th p dng cc bin php ti

ch khc nhau. Vi cc loi nha th chng ta c th ti sn xut cc sn phm l cc

nha hay bn li cho cc c ssn xut nha. Vi thnh phn kim loi s bn cho ccnh my luyn cn gang thp

+ Cht thi tiu hy c hai loi l cht thi nguy hi v khng nguy hi. i vi

cht thi nguy hi cn lm gim mc nguy hi ri a i chn lp ti chn lp ring

hoc t ti l t. Cc thnh phn cht thi cn li a ra chn lp tp trung vi loi

cht thi thng thng.

+ Ngoi ra cn phi lu quan tm n x l cht lng cht thi ang qu ti

bi rc l thin Cm H sut bao nhiu nm nay.

5.1.1.5. Cht thi cng nghip

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Cht thi cng nghip c chia lm 2 thnh phn: Cht thi pht sinh t qu trnh

sn xut v cht thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin

Trong cht thi ca cn b cng nhn vin s thu hi v c xl nh cht

thi sinh hot bnh thng t cc hgia nh

i vi cht thi rn t qu trnh sn xut c chia lm 3 loi: Cht thi nguy

hi, cht thi ti ch v cht thi tiu hy.

+ Cht thi nguy hi c thu gom ring v em i xl hn ch ti a cc tc

ng tiu cc n mi trng. Cht thi rn nguy hi y ch yu l cht thi ca

ngnh cng nghip. Ch bin g lm sn, ch bin lng thc, thc phm, dt, da, may,thu v ngnh thy sni vi nhng loi cht thi ny th cn trung ha, ha rn ri

chn lp ti chn lp cht thi nguy ha hoc t ti l t.

+ Cht thi ti ch c th ti ch mt phn ngay ti nh my, mt phn c dng

lm ngun nguyn liu cho nh my khc v mt phn c chn khu xl phn

loi v s dng vi cc loi ti ch khc nhau.

+ Cht thi cn li th c em i tiu hy.

5.1.1.6. Cht thi rn bnh vinCng ngh x l CTR y t cn thc hin phi hp s dng cc phng php khc

nhau. Hin nay c nhiu loi cng nghkhc nhau x l CTR y t, mi cng ngh ch

c khnng ng dng tt cho mt loi hnh cht thi rn. Cc cng ngh x l CTR p

dng cho x l mi loi CTR c th trong bng di y.

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Bng 5.3. Cc cng ngh xl CTR y tnguy hi

Phng

php xl

Cht

thi c

nguy

c ly

nhim

cao

Cht

thi

ly

nhim

Cht

thi

sc

nhn

Cht

thi

gii

phu

Cht

thi

ha

hc

Cht

thi

dc

phm

Cht

thi

gy

c

t

bo

Cht

thi

cha

kim

loi

nng

Bnh

p

sut

CTR

thng

thng

Phng php xl ban u

Kh khun

bng ha

cht

x

Kh khun

bng hi

nng

x

un si lin

tc trong

thi gian ti

thiu 15

pht

x

Phng php xl v tiu hy

Kh khun

bng nhitt

(autoclave)

x x

Kh khun x x

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bng vi

sng

Thiu t x x x x x x x

Chn trc

tip trong

cc h xi

mng

chuyn

dng

x x

Chn lphp v sinh

xx x x

Chn lp ti

ngha trangx

Tr li nh

cung cpx x x x

Trung hahoc thy

phn kim

x

Tr ha v

chn lpx x x

C nh v

chn lpx

Tiu hy

cng

CTRCNNH

x x

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Hnh 5.3. S nguyn l lm vic ca l t CTRYT (WHO, 1990)

Hin ti thnh phcha c l t rc thi bnh vin, ta cn xy dng mt l t

rc thi c cng sut ph hp x l mt rc thi y t pht sinh. Cng sut ca l t

rc mi cn thit k phi c cng sut t 200 300kg/ng. Vi cng sut ny, ta c

chn cng ngh thiu t kiu l t nhit phn 2 bung lm vic theo m v lin tc

(Ngun: Cng ty BURGEAPPhp 8/2003, Quy hoch tng th x l CTRYT ti VN).

Vi l t ny chi ph vn hnh v bo tr t tin nhng lm vic hiu qu t gy

nhim. Ta c th b tr l ngay ti bnh vin a khoa Hi An.

Bng 5.4. So snh la chn tng hp cc phng n xut

Phng

nDin gii

Ti

chnh

Mi trng

v sc khe

(ci thin)

K thut (vn

hnhduy

tu)

X hi Tng

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ti chkhng chnh thc

TCKC 1 Duy tr h thng hin ti 2/1 1/2 2/1 2/2 7/6

TCKC 2 Chnh thc ha hoc bn 2/1 2/2 2/1 3/2 9/6

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chnh thc ha khu vc

khng chnh thc

TCKC 3

Loi b khu vc khng

chnh thc ra kh hotng ti ch

1/1 2/2 2/1 1/2 6/6

Xl rc thi

XLRL 1 L t 2/3 1/3 2/2 6/10

XLRU 2 compost 2/2 2/3 2/3 2/2 8/10

XLRC3 Chn lp 2/2 1/3 2/3 1/2 6/10

Trong :

1: t ph hp

2: Ph hp

3: Rt ph hp

T s/ Mu s: Mc ph hp/ Mc quan trng

Kt lun: T bng so snh la chn tng hp cc phng n xut trn, ta squyt nh la chn nh sau:

i vi khu vc ti ch khng chnh thc: Chn phng n TCKC2 chnh thc hahoc bn chnh thc ha khu vc khng chnh thc thun li cho vic qun l v

bo v nhng ngi lm vic trong khu vc ny nh phn tch trn.

i vi x l rc thi:- CTR sinh hot: Ti ch, sn xut phn compost v chn lp hp v sinh.- CTRNH y t: Xy mi mt l t cng sut 200kg/ngy khu x l cht thi

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- CTR cng nghip: Tip tc cc c ssn xut pht sinh CTRNH t hp ngvi cc n vc nng lc Hi An x l

5.1.2. La chn v tr xl CTRTrong thc t la chn mt im lp khu x l CTR cn xem xt rt nhiu tiu

ch khc nhau. Ngoi cc nhm tiu ch v php lut (lut, ngh nh, tiu chun mi

trng), p ng cc mc tiu ca khu xl CTR, cc tiu ch nh gi i vi tng

yu tmi trng cn phi c xem xt cn thn.

5.1.2.1. Cc yu t cn xem xt khi la chn v tr xy dng khu xl CTRa. Ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a phng

Quy hoch khu x l CTR cn xem xt hin trng v quy hoch s dng t ca

a phng. V tr khu x l khng nn nhng vng t ai mu mangc s dng

c hiu qu kinh t cao, khu c cnh quan p hay cc khu vc c quy hoch s

dng cho cc mc ch th ha.

b. Yu cu qut xy dng khu xlYu cu c qut hot ng trong thi gian di l yu t quan trng trong

quy hoch, thit k v XD khu x l CTR. Thi hn quy hoch c thln n 50 nm.

c. iu kin t nhin, kh hu: a hnh

trnh gy nhim ngun nc v hn ch khnng gy xi mn, khu x l,

chn lp cht thi rn khng t cc khu vc trng ni tp trung dng chy mt v l,

ni u ngun ca lu vc sng, sui.

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cao a hnh cng l yu tnh hng ln n vic pht tn rc, cht nhim,

nc r rc t khu x l v vng xung quanh. Trnh quy hoch im x l CTR nm

ni c a hnh cao hn khudn c, khu th xung quanh.

Khng chn v tr khu x l cht thi rn ni c dc ln. Mc d c a

hnh dc s dthot nc nhng li kh khn khi cn ngn chn cc dng nc sn

dc chy vo bi chn lp, lm gia tng lng rc. Mt khc, khi dc a hnh ln vic

thi cng s gp kh khn.

Thnhng

Thnh phn c l ca t nn khu xl CTR c ngha quan trng i vi khnng lan truyn cht nguy hi t bi chn lp vo tng nc ngm. Do vy thm l

thng sc bn nh gi s ph hp vi nn t khu x l CTR. Theo tiu chun Hoa

Kv quy nh trong Thng t s 01/2001 lin B KHCNMT B Xy dng vng l

tng c chn xy dng bi chn lp CTR l t c thm < 10-7cm/s.

Trong cc loi t, t st c thm thp nht, cc loi t ct, t ct pha, si c

thm cao. Do vy vng t st thng c chn xy dng bi chn lp CTR.

Tng st cng dy khnng thm cht nhim vo tng nc ngm cng kh. dy

tng st ph hp nht l 3.0m

Thy vnCh thy vn, hi vn nh hng ln n vic quy hoch khu x l CTR Cc

khu chn lp CTR nu nm trong vng b ngp lt khng chgy kh khn cho vic thi

cng, vn hnh m cn d dng lan truyn cc cht nguy hi, vi trng, ngun bnh t rcv nc r rc t bi cha rc n ngun mt, nc ngm xung quanh.

a cht thy vn

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Cc yu ta cht thy vn nh s phn b cc tng nc ngm, chiu su mc

nc ngml yu t quan trng bc nht trong quy hoch v tr cc bi chn lp cht

thi rn. V tr khu xl khng c b trnhng ni c tng cha nc tt, c gi tr

khai thc phc vcho n ung, sinh hot, trnh vng ca sa cht thy vn hoc vng c tng khe nt, va, karst l iu cm k.

a cht cng trnha cht cng trnh l yu tnh hng n khnng xy dng v khnng pht

tn nhim t khu chn lp cht thi rn ra xung quanh.

Khi la chn v tr xy dng khu x l cht thi rn cn lu n tnh cht c lca t nn. Xy dng bi chn lp cht thi rn trn nn t s gp nhiu trngi v k

thut.

Trnh nhng vng c hin tng trt lbdc, hin tng t chy, ct chy,

a hnh karst, vng m, l hng trong lng t

Trnh cc trc np un, cc i hy hoi ca cc t gy kin to, cc i tip xc

ca cc a tng a cht hoc tip xc thanh lc do cc i thng p v mnh,

nc dlu thng v gy kh khn trong vic ngn chn nc rc thm xung cc tng

nc ngm

Kh huKh hu l yu t quan trng nh hng n vic lan truyn nhim tim x l

cht thi rn ra mi trng xung quanh.

Hng v tc gi nh hng n khnng pht tn rc, kh c, mi t bi rc.

Khi quy hoch im x l CTR cn quan tm n hng v tc gi ca tng thng

trong nm. T xem xt hng gi cho trong tng thi im c khnng pht tn

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mi t khu xl n trung tm dn c gn nht hay khng ? Trnh chn im x l cht

thi rn nm u hng gi cho i vi khu dn c hoc khu cn c cht lng

khng kh cao.

Ma v bc hi l yu tnh hng n khi lng nc rc. Ngoi ra ma cn

l yu t gy ngp ng vng x l cht thi rn, gy lan truyn nhim do rc, nc r

rc ra khu vc xung quanh. V vy, khi quy hoch cn ch n lng ma, bc hi

trung bnh v nhiu nm, ng thi cn ch thm nhng trn ma ln nht trong thi

k quan trc.

Nhit khng kh cng cao (thng vo thng 6, 7, 8) khnng bc hi cc cht

nhim dng kh, lng (nh kh metan CH4, hydrosunfua H2S, cc mercaptan gy

mi) cng cao dn ti pht tn khng kh nhim t khu xl n khu vc chung quanh

cng mnh. m khng kh cao th khnng pht sinh cc loi nm, mc v cn trng

khu x l cht thi rn cng cao, c th lan truyn nhim ra khu vc xung quanh.

c. Khong cch ti khu dn c v cc cng trnhKhu x l CTR bao gm cc cng trnh x l cht thi song cng ng thi l

ngun c nguy c gy nhim ln i vi nc, khng kh, t ai, gy mt m quan v

c th lan truyn dch bnh n vng xung quanh. Do vy, khi la chn v tr khu x l

cht thi rn cn phi m bo mt khong cch an ton n khu vc dn c xung quanh.

Quy nh khong cch an ton vmi trng (ATVMT) ca c sx l CTR phi tun

ththeo cc quy nh ca QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD.

Mt khc, khu x l CTR cn m bo cc iu kin sau:

+ ng vn chuyn rc n bi chn lp cng t i qua dn c cng tt, ht sc

trnh qua khu th trn, khu vn ha, cha, im di tch lch s

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+ Khnng tng trng dn s c tnhin v c hc vng xung quanh khu vc

bi chn lp.

+ Khong cch gi khu x l cht thi v cm dn c tp trung gn nht ti thiu

l 100m (theo Thng t 01/2001/TTLT BKHCNMT BXD ngy 18/01/2001 ca B

Khoa hc Cng nghv Mi trng v B Xy dng).

+ Din tch ca vng m cch ly phi c tnh n tgiai on quy hoch v

lp dn u t xy dng khu x l cht thi.

d. Cch xa cc di tch lch s, cng trnh vn ha, ngun cp nc lnKhu x l cht thi rn khng c quy hoch st cc cng trnh vn ha, cc di

tch lch, cng trnh tn gio (n, cha, nh th) c xp hng. Khu x l cht thi

rn cng phi cch xa cc sng, h l ngun cp nc chnh cho sinh hot ca khu vc c

slng dn ln (quy m mt x, th trn trln). Khong cch ti thiu t ranh gii khu

xl n cc im ny phi trn 1000m nhm trnh gy mi hi, bi v rui mui, mt

mquan n cc cng trnh vn ha, di tch lch s v hn ch gy nhim ngun nc

cp.

e. c sng thun ca nhn dnTiu ch ny l cc k quan trng, quyt nh s thnh bi ca vic quy hoch khu

x l CTR. Trong thc tkhng c a phng no mun nhn CTR tni khc a v

chn lp, x l trn a bn ca mnh mc d a im khu x l CTR p ng cc

tiu ch vmi trng t nhin, kinh t. to mt sng thun ca dn chng cn

phi thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng chi tit cho d n xy dng v hot ngkhu x l.

Cng khai thng tin, tham vn cng ng, trnh by r rng vc skhoa hc ca

vic la chn a im, cng ngh s p dng x l CTR, nc rc, chnh sch gii

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+ Khong cch thch hp ti cc ngun pht sinh trong vng, thun tin trong vn

chuyn CTR ti khu x l.

+ Nm cch xa khu dn c tp trung, khng gn khu di tch lch s, tn gio, vn

ha c gi tr cao, khu nghdng ln, ngun nc cp ln v cc a im/ cng trnh

nhy cm khc.

+ Ph hp vi quy hoch s dng t, c s chp thun ca cng ng

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5.2. THU GOM V VN CHUYN CHT THI RN TP HI AN5.2.1. Quy hoch chung 1/100005.2.1.1. Tnh ton phng php la cha, vn chuyn CTRSH cho TP Hi Ana.

Tnh ton phng tin la cha CTRSH

Chn kiu thng l thng di dng c bnh xe

Chn 2 loi thng l thng c cha dung tch 340l, cht thi rn hu c (thng

mu xanh) v v c(thng mu da cam)

Tnh ton phng tin lu cha rcSthng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

Ndi ng =2

431

..

.....

Kv

KKtKmP

Trong :

t: Thi gian lu cha rc. Ly t = 1 ngy.

V: Th tch mt thng rc tiu chun (m3).

K1: H s tch lkhng ng u. Ly K1 = 1.6

K2: H sy ca thng. Ly K2 = 0.9

K3: H s ph thuc vo thi gian thng cha ni bc d. Ly K4 = 1.35

Tnh ton din tch im cu rc

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Phng php la chn xy dng im cu rc l mrng phn ng giao thng

ging nh t chc mrng bn cho xe bus hay h thng giao thng tnh trong cc

th.

Din tch t cn cho vic quy hoch thit kim cu rc ph thuc vo slng

thng cha, dung tch v kch thc thng cha, p ng yu cu thu gom v tp trung

CTR cho tng khu vc. Din tch im cu rc bao gm:

- Din tch cc thng rc, khong cch gia cc thng. Chim khong 30% tngdin tch.

- Din tch t dnh cho giao thng phc v xe ra vo bc xp. Chim khong 25%tng din tch.

- Din tch t cy xanh. Chim khong 20% tng din tch t- Cn li l khong trng d tr

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Bng 5.5 ex

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Bng 5.6 ex

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b. Phng tin vn chuyn La chn loi phng tin vn chuyn

- Vn chuyn bng xe ti hng nh loi 4m3.-

Vn chuyn bng xe ti ln loi 8m

3

.- Vn chuyn bng xe cun p 12m3.

Vn chuyn bng xe ti nh 4m3Thu gom rc thi t thng cha trn cc tuyn ng bn trong phng vim

cu rc.

Thi gian hot ng t 6h10h v 18h22h.

Trc gingi dn a rc thng cha ngoi ph 1h th xe ca Cty CTCC s

chuyn cc thng khng n cc im t ngoi phngi dn mng rc ra .

Rc thi sau khi c cc hgia nh thu gom, phn loi ti ngun th c thu

vo thng chasau tng h dn t xch ti a im thu gom tp trung (thng rc

ngoi nh) rc.

Sau khi t cc thng rng xong xe ti li quay trv vtr t u tin bt u

chthng rc c y vim cu rc ca phng.

Vn chuyn bng xe ti ln loi 8m3S dng thu gom trn cc tuyn ng trong khu ph ph c c v khu x l.

Thi gian hot ng t 20h4h sng hm sau.

Cc quy trnh thu gom cn li ging trn.

Vn chuyn bng xe ti ln loi 12m3

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S dng thu gom rc ti im cu rc v khu x l

Thi gian hot ng t 8h12h v 20h24h (hoc 20h4h sng hm sau) thu

gom cc im cu rc.

c. Tnh ton phng tin vn chuyn, C sl thuyt

Tng thi gian yu cu cho mt chuyn xe:

W

ttttyc

1

321

Trong :

tyc: Thi gian yu cu cho 1 chuyn xe (gi/chuyn).

t1: Tng thi gian bc xp cho mt chuyn (gi).

t2: Tng thi gian thao tc ( rc) ti bi thi (gi)

t3: Tng thi gian chuyn chi li trn ng cho mt chuyn xe (gi)

W: Yu t mt thi gian m khng c sn phm trong thi gian mt chuyn xe

(W = 0.10.25

i vi thng di ng:i lng: t1 = t11 + t12 + t13 (gi).

Trong :

t11: Thi gian bc xp ln xe cc thng cha y rc v c y np.

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t12: Thi gian chuyn v t thng khng c rc xung t.

t13: Thi gian li xe i n cc im c thng rc.

t3: Tng thi gian chuyn chtrn ng cho mt chuyn, c xc nh nh sau:t3 = a + bx.

Trong :

a: L h s kinh nghim cho cc chuyn. a = 0.06 (gi/chuyn).

b: L h s kinh nghim cho tng givn chuyn. b = 0.042 (gi/km).

x: Khong cch vn chuyn cho 1 tuyn i v v (km/chuyn).

i vi thng cnhT1 = n1t12 + (n21)t13

Trong :

n1: Sthng cha y, c em n trm x l trong mt chuyn.

n2: Sim bc xp thng rc trong mt chuyn.

Schuyn xe thc hin trong mt ngy:

yc

ngt

HN (chuyn)

d. Tnh tonDng 3 loi xe l 4m3, 8m3, 12m3.

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Xe chrc loi: dung tch xe l 4m3chthng n im cu rc nn tnh ton theohthng di ng.

Ta c:76.11

34.0

4

1n

(thng)

Trong :

n1 = 12 thng

t11 = 24 (pht) = 0.4 (gi).(2 pht chuyn mt thng).


C 150m c mt im t 2 thng rc do 1 xe c 12 thng s t 6 im vi

chiu di l 900m. Thi gian xe i n im thng rc l tng thi gian lt i t thng

rng v lt v ly thng y rc nn tng chiu di s l 1.8km. Ga s vn tt ca xe l

25km/h th thi gian i ht i ht 1.8km l 0.072 gi=> t13 = 0.072 (gi)

Thi gian bc xp cho mt chuyn xe:

t1 = t11 + t12 + t13 = 0.4 + 0.2 + 0.072 = 0.672 (gi).

t2 = 15 (pht) = 0.25 (gi).

t3 = a + bx = 0.06 + 0.042 2.5 = 0.165 (gi).

Vi x = 2.5km l khong cch tnh trung bnh t im thu gom cui cng n

im cu rc

Vy: 2.11.01

165.025.0672.0

1

321

W

ttttyc (gi).

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C 150m c mt im t 2 thng rc do 1 xe c 24 thng st 12 im vichiu di l 1.8km. Thi gian xe i n im c thng rc l tng thi gian lt i t

thng rng v lt v ly thng y rc nn tng chiu di s l 3.6km. Gi s vn tc

ca xe l 35km/h th thi gian i ht 1.8km l 0.144 gi=> t13 = 0.144 (gi)


t1 = t11 + t12 + t13 = 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.144 = 1.44 (gi).

t2 = 15 (pht) = 0.25 (gi).

t3 = a + bx = 0.06 + 0.042 2.5 = 0.165 (gi).

Vi x = 2.5km l khong cch tnh trung bnh tim thu gom cui cng n

im thu cu rc.

73.11.01

165.025.0144.1

1

321

W

ttttyc (gi).

S chuyn xe trong ngy ca mt xe: 62.473.1

8

yc

ngt

HN (chuyn).

Tng lng s thng cht thi rn phi chuyn bng xe 8m3 ca 3 phng trong

khu vc ph c l 631 thng.

Do s chuyn xe cn vn chuyn l: 3.2624

631 (chuyn).

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Tng ng vi s xe dung tch 8m3 l: 69.562.4

3.26 (xe), ly trn 6 xe

S xe d phng l 2 xe d phng

Tng s xe dung tch 8m3 cn thit l 8 xe

Xe nn p chrc: dung tch xe l 12m3tnh theo thng cnh

Ta c: 29.3534.0

121

n (thng).

Do xe nn c khnng gim th tch ring th tch rc xung 2040%. Ly n1 =

40 thng.

t12 = 2 (pht) = 0.033 (gi)

t13 = 6 (pht) = 0.1 (gi)

n2 = 2

thi gian bc xp cho mt chuyn xe:

t1 = n1.t12 + (n21)t13 = 40 0.033 + (21)0.1 = 1.42 (gi).

t2 = 10 (pht) = 0.25 (gi).

T3 = a + bx = 0.06 + 0.042 5 = 0.27 (gi).

Vi x = 5km l khong cch tuyn vn chuyn trung bnh cho mt chuyn i v.

94.11.01

27.025.042.1

1

321

W

ttttyc (gi)

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S chuyn xe trong ngy ca mt xe: 12.494.1

8

yc

ngt

HN (chuyn).

Nh vy 1 xe chi c 4 chuyn trong ngy

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Tng lng s thng cht thi rn phi chuyn bng xe 12m3 l 2576 thng

Bng 5.8. Tnh ton sxe dung tch 12m3

S thng cn vn chuyn (a)

S thng trnmt chuyn xe

b

(thng/chuyn)

S chuyn xe cn vn

chuyn C = a/bTn sut t

(chuyn/1xe.1ca)

S xe cn thit

chuyn thng N = C/t

Loi thngCa 1

(40%)

Ca 2

(60%)Ca 1 Ca 2 Ca 1 Ca 2

Hu

c

V

c

Hu

c

V

c

Hu

c

V

c

Hu

c

V

c

Hu

c

V

c

Hu

c

V

c

Hu

c

V

c

1406 1170 562.4 468 843.6 702 40 14.06 11.7 21.09 17.55 2 7.03 5.85 10.55 8.78

V vy xe lm vic 2 ca mt ngy nn s xe chn l s xe lm vic ca ca nhiu hn => s xe cn thit chht s

thng hu c l 11 xe v v c 9 xe dung tch 12m3.

S xe d phng l 2 xe => tng s xe dung tch 12m3 cn thit l 22 xe.

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5.2.1.2. C sla chn tuyn thu gom v vn chuynSau khi xc nh thng s tnh ton vi nhu cu vn chuyn chung nh my mc,

thit b, nhn cng, th phi vch tuyn thu gom sao cho hp l. B tr thu dn l vic lm

c tnh th nghim v khng th sai st (do c s bt hp l v khng c quy lut sn).

Do vy cn phi tin hnh, kp thi theo di v iu chnh cho hp l.

a. Cc yu t cn xt n khi chn tuyn ng vn chuynXt n chnh sch v quy tc hin hnh c lin quan ti vic tp trung cht thi

rn, s ln thu gom trong 1 ngy, 1 tun.

iu kin lm vic ca h thng vn chuyn, cc loi xe, my vn chuyn. Cn kt

hp vi cc iu kin c (nh loi xe ang s dng) hoc d kin s trang b.

Tuyn ng cn phi chn sao cho lc bt u v kt thc hnh trnh phi

ng ph chnh, s dng a hnh, vt cn lm ranh gii ca tuyn.

a hnh dc th hnh trnh nn xut pht tim cao xung thp.

Tuyn thu dn nn b tr lm sao cho thng rc (xe y tay) cui trn tuyn c

t im gn nht vi bi rc.

Cht thi pht sinh ti cc nt giao thng, khu phng c th phi c thu gom

vo cc gic mt cao giao thng thp.

Nhng khu vc c nhiu rc thi cn phi c thu dn trc (vo bui ti v u

bui sng ca ngy).

Nguyn nhn ngun to thnh CTR vi khi lng ln cn phi t chc vn

chuyn vo lc t gy ch tc, nh hng cho mi trng.

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V tr c CTR t v phn tn th vic vn chuyn phi t chc thu gom cho ph hp

hay c th thu dn trn cng mt tuyn hay trong mt ngy lm vic.

b. To lp tuyn ng vn chuynChun b bn vtr cc im tp trung CTR trn ch r slng, thng tin

ngun CTR.

Phi phn tch thng tin v s liu, cn thit phi lp bng tng hp thng tin.

Phi s b chn tuyn ng theo 2 hay 3 phng n.

So snh chn c tuyn ng hp l.

5.2.1.3. Thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi sinh hotTrong giai on ny thnh ph quy hoch v pht trin n nh, do vic

phn chia lu vc thu gom v vn chuyn CTR ca thnh ph sc cnh vi din

tch phc v v khi lng cht thi c tnh ton cho tng khu tp trung cht thi.

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Bng 5.9 ex

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Bng 5.10 ex

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Bng 5.11 ex

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Bng 5.12 ex

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5.2.2. Quy hoch chi tit 1/5005.2.2.1. Gii thiu vkhu th Vn Phong

Hnh 5.3. Phi cnh tng thkhu thVn PhongTP Hi An

a. Mc tiu v tnh cht ca dn Mc tiu

D n khu th mi Vn Phong gp phn c th ha Quy hoch chung nh

hng pht trin khng gian ca thnh ph Hi An n nm 2025.

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b. Tnh ton khi lng thu gom, phng tin vn chuyn CTRC 2 loi thng vi dung tch 660 lt l thng cha cht thi hu c (thng mu

xanh) v v c (thng mu da cam).

Tnh ton phng tin lu cha rc.Slng thng c xc nh theo cng thc:

Ndi ng =2

431

..

.....

Kv

KKtKmP

Trong :

t: Thi gian lu cha rc. Ly t = 1 ngy

V: Th tch mt thng rc tiu chun (m3)

K1: H stch ly khng ng u. Ly K1 = 1.6.

K2: H sy ca thng. Ly K

2= 0.9

K3: H s kn nhng thng cha ang sa cha. Ly K3 = 1.05

K4: H s ph thuc thi gian thng cha ni bc . Ly K4 = 1.35.

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Bng 5.13. Da bo khi lng v thnh phn CTR pht sinh n nm 2025

K

hiuCng trnh

S

dn

Tiu chun

kg/ng.ngy

H

s K

Lng rc (kg/ngy)

Tng Hu cV cc th

ti ch

V ckhng th

ti ch

CT01 Nh cao tng 525 1 1.6 840 369.6 353.4 117.6

CT02 Nh cao tng 600 1 1.6 960 422.4 336.6 134.4

CT03 Nh cao tng 440 1 1.6 704 309.76 372.44 98.56

CT04 Nh cao tng 550 1 1.6 880 387.2 347.8 123.2

CT05 Nh cao tng 460 1 1.6 736 323.84 367.96 103.04

CT06 Nh cao tng 660 1 1.6 1056 464.64 323.16 147.84

CT07 Nh cao tng 450 1 1.6 720 316.8 370.2 100.8

CT08 Nh cao tng 495 1 1.6 792 348.48 360.12 110.88

CT09 Nh cao tng 330 1 1.6 528 232.32 397.08 73.92

CT10 Nh cao tng 480 1 1.6 768 337.92 363.48 107.52

CT11 Nh cao tng 460 1 1.6 736 323.84 367.96 103.04

CT12 Nh cao tng 220 1 1.6 352 154.88 421.72 49.28

CT13 Nh cao tng 330 1 1.6 528 323.32 397.08 73.92

CT14Nh cao tng

210 11.6

336 147.84 423.96 47.04

CT15 Nh cao tng 440 1 1.6 704 309.76 372.44 98.56

CT16 Nh cao tng 360 1 1.6 576 253.44 390.36 80.64

CT17 Nh cao tng 360 1 1.6 576 253.44 390.36 80.64

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CT18 Nh cao tng 380 1 1.6 608 267.52 385.88 85.12

TM1 TT Thng mi 342 1 1.6 547.2 240.77 394.39 76.61

TM2 TT Thng mi 360 11.6

576 253.44 390.36 80.64

TT1 Vui chi TT 60 1 1.6 96 42.24 457.56 13.44

VH1 Nh vn ha 30 1 1.6 48 21.12 464.28 6.72

Tng 13667.2 6013.57 8448.59 1913.41

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CT12 Nh cao tng 220 1 1.6 352 154.88 1 197.12 2

CT13 Nh cao tng 330 1 1.6 528 323.32 2 295.68 2

CT14 Nh cao tng 210 1 1.6 336 147.84 1 188.16 1

CT15 Nh cao tng 440 1 1.6 704 309.76 2 394.24 3

CT16 Nh cao tng 360 1 1.6 576 253.44 2 322.56 2

CT17 Nh cao tng 360 1 1.6 576 253.44 2 322.56 2

CT18 Nh cao tng 380 1 1.6 608 267.52 2 340.48 3

TM1TT Thng

mi342 1 1.6 547.2 240.77 2 306.432 2

TM2TT Thng

mi360 1 1.6 576 253.44 2 322.56 2

TT1 Vui chi TT 60 1 1.6 96 42.24 1 53.76 1

VH1 Nh vn ha 30 1 1.6 48 21.12 1 26.88 1

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Bng 5.15. Tnh ton din tch v sim cu rc

K

hiu Cng trnh

Dn

s

S

im

cu

rc

Chi tit mt thng cha rc ti mt im cu rc Din tc

mt i

cu rc

(Din tcthng*

100/30

(m2)

CTR Hu c CTR V c

Tng

s

thng

S

thng

ti mt

im

cu rc

Dung

tch 1

thng

cha

(m3)

Din tch

t 1

thng

cha

(m2)

Tng

s

thng

S

thng

ti mt

im

cu rc

Dung

tch 1

thng

cha

(m3)

Din tch

t 1

thng

cha

(m2)

CT01 Nh cao tng 525 1 3 3 0.66 1 4 4 0.66 1 23.33

CT02 Nh cao tng 600 1 3 3 0.66 1 4 4 0.66 1 23.33

CT03 Nh cao tng 440 1 2 2 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 16.67

CT04Nh cao tng 550

1 3 3 0.66 1 4 4 0.66 1 23.33

CT05 Nh cao tng 460 1 3 3 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 20.00

CT06 Nh cao tng 660 1 4 4 0.66 1 5 5 0.66 1 30.00

CT07 Nh cao tng 450 1 2 2 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 16.67

CT08 Nh cao tng 495 1 3 3 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 20.00

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CT09 Nh cao tng 330 1 2 2 0.66 1 2 2 0.66 1 13.33

CT10 Nh cao tng 480 1 3 3 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 20.00

CT11 Nh cao tng 460 1 3 3 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 20.00

CT12 Nh cao tng 220 1 1 1 0.66 1 2 2 0.66 1 10.00

CT13 Nh cao tng 330 1 2 2 0.66 1 2 2 0.66 1 13.33

CT14 Nh cao tng 210 1 1 1 0.66 1 1 1 0.66 1 6.67

CT15 Nh cao tng 440 1 2 2 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 16.67

CT16 Nh cao tng 360 1 2 2 0.66 1 2 2 0.66 1 13.33

CT17 Nh cao tng 360 1 2 2 0.66 1 2 2 0.66 1 13.377

CT18 Nh cao tng 380 1 2 2 0.66 1 3 3 0.66 1 16.67

TM1TT Thng

mi 342 1 2 2

0.66

1 2 2

0.66

1 13.33

TM2TT Thng

mi360 1 2 2 0.66 1 2 2 0.66 1 13.33

TT1 Vui chi TT 60 1 1 1 0.66 1 1 1 0.66 1 6.67

VH1 Nh vn ha 30 1 1 1 0.66 1 1 1 0.66 1 6.67

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t3 = a + bx

a: L h s kinh nghim cho cc chuyn. a = 0.06 (gi/chuyn).

b: L h s kinh nghim cho tng givn chuyn. b = 0.042 (gi/chuyn).

x: Khong cch vn chuyn cho 1 tuyn i v v (km/chuyn)

Ta c: 12,1266,0

81

n

Ly n1 = 12 thng


t12 = 12 (pht) = 0.2 (gi). (1 pht chuyn mt thng).

t13 = 0.072 (gi).


t1 = t11 + t12 + t13 = 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.072 = 0.472 (gi).

t2 = 15 (pht) = 0.25 (gi).

t3 = a + bx = 0.06 + 0.042 2.5 = 0.165 (gi)

vi x = 2.5km l khong cch tnh trung bnh tim thu gom cui cng n imcu rc

98,01,01

165,025,0472,0

1

321

W

ttttyc (gi)

S chuyn xe trong ngy ca mt xe: 16,898,0

8

yc

ngt

HN (chuyn).

Tng lng s thng cht thi rn phi chuyn bng xe 8m3 trong khu vc khu th l 107 thng

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Do , s chuyn xe cn vn chuyn l: 912

72

(chuyn).

Tng ng vi s xe dung tch 8m3 l 2 xe

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