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Bart Reeze, RIZA
Biological Invasions in Inland Waters
Invasive macroinvertebrates and the ecological quality of large rivers
B. Reeze, M. Greijdanus, A. bij de Vaate RIZA (The Netherlands)
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 2
Invasions: where’s the party?5th May: liberation day
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 3
Contents
• observations in river Rhine and Meuse• assessment macro-invertebrates European
Water Framework Directive (WFD)• discussion: how to deal with invasive
species?
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 4
River Rhine and Meuse
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 5
Invasions river Rhine
Abundance invasive species Lobith
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1988 1989 1990 19911992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 19992000 2001 2002 2003
rela
tive
abun
danc
e
010.00020.00030.00040.00050.00060.00070.00080.00090.000100.000
abun
danc
e
nativeother invasiveC. curvispinumG. tigrinusJ. istriD. polymorphaD. villosusabundance
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 6
Invasions river Meuse
Abundance invasive species Grave
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
rela
tive
abun
danc
e
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
abun
danc
e
nativeother invasiveC. curvispinumG. tigrinus
J. istriD. polymorphaD. villosusabundance
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 7
Invasions: main stream vs. secundary channels
Presence and abundance of invasive speciesmain stream vs. secundary channels
0
20
40
60
80
100
species individuals
%
main streamsecundary channels
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 8
Invasions observations
• mainly on hard substratum, up to 50% abundance on bottom substrates
• few species (25%) cover > 90% of abundance
• succession dominant species• mainly large rivers and lakes (till so far?)• hypothesis: habitat-diversity favours native
species
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 9
Ecological quality: EuropeanWater Framework Directive
Benthic invertebrates = quality elementClassification waterbodies in 5 classes:• composition and abundance• deviance from type-specific communitites
(reference conditions)
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 10Assessment of
macroinvertebrates in the Netherlands
List of characteristic taxa (KM), dominant positive (DP) and dominant negative (DN) taxa per type
Classification based on 3 metrics:• negative dominant species (DN%, abundance)• characteristic species (KM%, taxa)• positive dominant and characteristic species (DP%+KM%,
abundance)
Recently (< 10 years) introduced invasive species do not belong to taxa lists
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 11
Example
1 Calculate form species-list:• % dominant negative taxa (DN%, abundance)• % characteristic taxa (KM%, taxa)• % dominant positive and characteristic taxa (KM%+DP%, abundance)
metric value score DN % (abundance) ≥ 41 0,1 < 41 0,2 KM % (nr taxa) ≤ 7 0,1 > 7 - ≤ 17 0,2 > 17 - ≤ 32 0,3 > 32 0,5 KM %+DP % (abundance) < 5 0,1 ≥ 5 - < 25 0,2 ≥ 25 0,3
2metric value score DN % (abundance) ≥ 41 0,1 < 41 0,2 KM % (nr taxa) ≤ 7 0,1 > 7 - ≤ 17 0,2 > 17 - ≤ 32 0,3 > 32 0,5 KM %+DP % (abundance) < 5 0,1 ≥ 5 - < 25 0,2 ≥ 25 0,3
2
total score class ≤ 0,3 bad
> 0,3 - < 0,6 poor ≥ 0,6 - < 0,8 moderate ≥ 0,8 – ≤ 0,9 good > 0,9 – ≤ 1,0 high
3total score class ≤ 0,3 bad
> 0,3 - < 0,6 poor ≥ 0,6 - < 0,8 moderate ≥ 0,8 – ≤ 0,9 good > 0,9 – ≤ 1,0 high
3
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 12
Impact of invasive species
Invasive species have an effect on the assessment results:
• by their high relative abundance• by diminishing the chance of being found for
other (characteristic) species
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 13
Impact of invasive species: groups
R7 R8 R16
no impact, densities too lowDendrocoelum romanodanubiale Turbellaria 0 0 0Caspiobdella fadejewi Hirudinea 0 0 0Atyaephyra desmaresti Crustacea 0 0 0Orconectes limosus Crustacea 0 0 0Hemimysis anomala Crustacea 0 0 0Menetus dilatatus Mollusca 0 0 0
negative impact, high abundanceCorophium curvispinum Crustacea -- -- --Hypania invalida Polychaeta - - -
negative or positive impact, competitionEchinogammarus ischnus Crustacea -- - -Proasellus meridianus Crustacea + + -Proasellus coxalis Crustacea + + -Jaera istri Crustacea + + -
species is part of assessmentHydropsyche bulgaromanorum Trichoptera 0 - -Potamopyrgus antipodarum Mollusca 0 - 0Gammarus tigrinus Crustacea -- + -Gammarus roeselii Crustacea + 0 0Nanocladius rectinervis Chironomidae 0 0 +Rheocricotopus chalybeatus Chironomidae 0 0 +Dreissena polymorpha Mollusca + + +Corbicula fluminea Mollusca + ++ +
othersDikerogammarus villosus Crustacea ? ? ?Corbicula fluminalis Mollusca + + +Ferrissia wautieri Mollusca - 0 -
watertype
Bart Reeze, RIZABiological Invasions in Inland Waters 14
How to deal with invasive species in ecological quality assessments?
• exclude invasive species (assessment based on native species only)
• transform current metrics for log-transformed data (to diminish effect of invasive species)
• assign invasive species as %DN, %KM or %DP depending on their impact
• exclude biotopes (mainly hard substrates) from the assessment procedure
• connect reliability of assessment to (new) metric indicating the impact of invasive species
• introduce a metric based on other characteristics (i.e. diversity, functional groups)