B4 Revision Questions - WordPress.com · 2015-10-26 · B1 Revision cards –part 1 Question 4 •What do people get if they don’t eat enough ... •Infectious –diseases caused

B1 Revision cards – part 1

B1 Revision Questions


Question 1

• What are the 3 main blood vessels?

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Answer 1

• Artery, vein, capillary

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Question 2

• What are the 5 different ways to measure fitness?

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Answer 2

• Strength, suppleness, stamina, speed, agility

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Question 3

• What are the 6 main nutrients in a balanced diet and what do we need each one for?

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Answer 3

• Carbohydrates – short term energy

• Fats – long term energy and insulation

• Protein – growth and repair

• Minerals and vitamins – to keep healthy

• Fibre – to help digestion/prevent constipation

• Water – to keep hydrates/prevent dehydration

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Question 4

• What do people get if they don’t eat enough proteins? Why do countries have this?

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Answer 4

• Kwashiorkor

• Overpopulation, limited food supply, lack of farming resources.

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Question 5

• Describe 4 ways the body defends itself against pathogens.

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Answer 5

• Skin – makes a barrier

• Blood clots – to prevent entry to cuts

• Mucus – traps pathogens in airways

• Stomach acid – kills pathogens

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Question 6

• Why are arteries thicker than veins?

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Answer 6

• The blood is under higher pressure

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Question 7

• What is the difference between fit and being healthy?

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Answer 7

• Fit – ability to do physical activity

• Healthy – free of disease

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Question 8

• Why do some people need more protein than others?

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Answer 8

• Pregnant women and teenagers need more protein for growth

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Question 9

• What is meant by your EAR? Why do people have different EARs?

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Answer 9

• Estimated daily requirement of protein based on mass. Different ages, sizes, lifestyles.

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Question 10

• What are the differences between infectious, non-infectious and genetic diseases?

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Answer 10

• Infectious – diseases caused by pathogens.

• Non-infectious – a disease which cannot be transmitted.

• Genetic – a disease which can be inherited.

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Question 11

• Why is blood under high pressure?

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Answer 11

• Because the heart puts pressure on it so that it can reach all parts of the body.

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Question 12

• Suggest two things you can do to decrease blood pressure

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Answer 12

• Regular exercise and balanced diet.

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Question 13

• What does obese mean? What are the 4 health risks associated with it?

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Answer 13

• Having too much fat/being overweight.

• Heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, breast cancer.

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Question 14

• What is meant by BMI? Why do people use this?

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Answer 14

• Body mass index – used to measure if someone is overweight/underweight etc.

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Question 15

• What is the difference between a malignant and a benign tumour?

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Answer 15

• Malignant – cells that are cancerous

• Benign – cells that are not cancerous

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Question 16

• What 4 factors can increase the risk of developing heart disease?

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Answer 16

• High blood pressure, smoking, eating high levels of salt and saturated fat.

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Question 17

• Explain how the 4 things in cigarettes cause problems to the body.

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Answer 17

• Carbon monoxide – reduces the amount of oxygen the blood carries

• Tar – causes cancer

• Nicotine – increases heart rate

• Particulates – block lungs.

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Question 18

• What are these made from?

– Carbohydrates

– Proteins

– Fats

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Answer 18

- Glucose

- Amino acids

- Fatty acids and glycerol

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Question 19

• What is the difference between first and second class proteins?

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Answer 19

• First class – contain all the essential amino acids

• Second class – do not contain all the essential amino acids

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Question 20

• What is a parasite? Give an example.

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Answer 20

• Organisms that live in/on a host organisms. They take resources eg food and give nothing back.

• Eg tapeworm, head lice, protozoa carried by mosquitoes.

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Question 21

• What is the affect of cholesterol in the human body?

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Answer 21

• It forms plaque that blocks arteries/blood vessels. This can increase blood pressure and lead to heart disease.

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Question 22

• What is thrombosis? What can this lead to?

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Answer 22

• A blood clot – heart attack

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Question 23

• How are these stored?

– Carbohydrates

– Proteins

– Fats

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Answer 23

- Stored in liver as glycogen or converted to fats

- Proteins are not stored.

- Stored as adipose tissue.

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Question 24

• What are infections and diseases caused by?

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Answer 24

• Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protoctists)

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Question 25

• How can knowing the life-cycle of a mosquito prevent the spread of malaria?

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Answer 25

• We can find out how they live and prevent the spread.

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Question 26

• How does the eye focus light from distant objects?

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Answer 26

• Ciliary muscles relax

• Suspensory ligaments tighten

• Lens gets longer and thinner

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Question 27

• What is a nerve impulse?

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Answer 27

• A message sent as an electrical impulse carried by nerve cells (neurones)

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Question 28

• What are the main parts of the eye?

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Answer 28

• Iris, lens, cornea, pupil, retina, optic nerve, blind spot.

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Question 29

• What is immunisation?

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Answer 29

• Where white blood cells in your body remember the shape of antigens on a pathogen, so they can quickly make the correct antibodies.

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Question 30

• What do pathogens do when they enter the body?

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Answer 30

• Damage cells and make toxins (poisons)

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Question 31

• How does the eye focus light from close up objects?

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Answer 31

• Ciliary muscles contract

• Suspensory ligaments relax

• Lens gets shorter and fatter

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Question 32

• What is a reflex action? What is the advantage of this?

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Answer 32

• A fast, automatic response that does not involve the brain thinking about it.

• To protect the human body.

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Question 33

• Why is it better to have two eyes and not one?

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Answer 33

• Because with two eyes (binocular vision) you can judge distances and see in 3D.

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Question 34

• How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

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Answer 34

• Bacteria mutate. Antibiotics are only used briefly and kill all bacteria apart from the resistant strain. The resistant types reproduce and increase in number. The original antibiotic will not kill them.

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Question 35

• What happens to a pathogen when it enters the body?

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Answer 35

• White blood cells produce antibodies that are the opposite shape to the antigens. Antibodies stick the pathogens together so other white blood cells can engulf and digest them.

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Question 36

• What causes long and short sightedness?

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Answer 36

• The eyeball or lens being the wrong shape.

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Question 37

• What is the peripheral nervous system?

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Answer 37

• A series of nerves to and from the CNS (central nervous system)

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Question 38

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of monocular and binocular vision?

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Answer 38

• Monocular

– Wider field of view but poor judgement of distance

• Binocular

– Narrow field of view but better judgement of distance.

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Question 39

• Why do we need to be careful when taking antibiotics?

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Answer 39

• If we overuse them we will cause bacteria to become resistant leading to super bugs like MRSA.

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Question 40

• What is the difference between antibiotics and antiviral drugs?

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Answer 40

• Antibiotics – kill bacteria

• Antiviral – stop viruses working

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Question 41

• Why do people have red-green colour blindness?

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Answer 41

• It is an inherited condition causing a lack of specialised cells in the retina.

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Question 42

• What is the job of these?

– Cornea

– Iris

– Lens

– Retina

– Optic nerve

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Answer 42

– Cornea – refracts light as it enters the eye

– Iris – controls the amount of light entering the eye

– Lens – focuses the light onto the retina

– Retina – contains light sensitive receptors

– Optic nerve – carries nerve impulses to the brain

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Question 43

• Name 3 problems with the eyes

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Answer 43

• Long sightedness

• Short sightedness

• Red-green colour blindness

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Question 44

• What is a placebo? Why do we use them in drug trials?

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Answer 44

• A dummy or fake pill used to test if the real pill works.

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Question 45

• What pathogen can drugs not kill?

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Answer 45

• Viruses – only white blood cells can destroy these

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Question 46

• How are neurones adapted to their function?

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Answer 46

• They are very long and covered in a fatty insulating layer.

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Question 47

• What happens to light as it enters the eye?

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Answer 47

• Refracted by the cornea and focussed onto the retina.

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Question 48

• What makes up the central nervous system?

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Answer 48

• The brain and spinal cord

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Question 49

• What happens when a previously known pathogen enters the body?

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Answer 49

• It is recognised by memory cells that can remember to make the correct shape antibody quickly. These bind the pathogens together so another type of white blood cell can engulf and digest them.

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Question 50

• What is the difference between passive and active immunity?

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Answer 50

• Passive is where you have antibodies injected into you to fight a pathogen.

• Active is where your white blood cells learn to make the correct antibodies.

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B4 Revision Questions - WordPress.com · 2015-10-26 · B1 Revision cards –part 1 Question 4 •What do people get if they don’t eat enough ... •Infectious –diseases caused