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Monuments1. Hajar Al-Houbla (Stone of the Pregnant Woman)2. Old Souk3. Maqla'a Roumani (Roman Quarry)4. Qoubbat Douris5. Poet Home6. Poet Statue (Khalil Moutran)7. Mogre Al-Tahin (Roman Quarry, Cemeteries & Natural Caves)8. Al-Saydeh (Our lady) Khaoula Shrine9. Abi Al-Ghaza'a Mosque10. Housayniat Al-Souk11. Al-Oumawi Al-Kabir Mosque (The Great Mosque)12. Al-Hanbalee Mosque13. Al-Nahr Mosque14. Temple Saidi Ayssar15. Al-Maqased Mosque16. Al-Moustapha Mosque 17. Al-Imam Ali Mosque18. Qoubbat As-Sa'adin19. Ras Al-Ain (Old Spring) Ruins of a Roman Shrine, Nympheum & a Mamluke Mosque20. Qoubbat Al-Amjad

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21. Saint Barbara and Takla Cathedral22. Saint Georgios Church23. Saydet (Our Lady) Al-Ma'aounet Church24. Jupiter Temple25. Bacchus Temple26. Venus Temple27. Boustan Al-Khan28. Al-Bayada Temple29. Mercury Temple30. Large Burial Ground31. Hai Al-Qala’a (Fortress Neighborhood)

Natural Attractions1. Public Garden

Hotels1. Al-Jamal Motel2. Al-Chams Motel 08-3732843. Chouman Motel 08-3701604. Palmira Hotel 08-370011/370230

Museums1. Museum within the Jupiter Temple

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Restaurants1. Casino Ras Al-Ain Restaurant 08-3706162. King Restaurant 03-4361983. Al-Madina Restaurant 4. Al-Nourass Restaurant 08-372041 5. Al-Harfouch Al-Amir Restaurant 03-605012/08-3776866. Saidah Restaurant 08-3712647. Al-Zenn Restaurant 8. Ananas Restaurant 9. Al-Sefsaf Restaurant 10. Jisr Al-Qamar Restaurant 11. Nahr Al-Khaled Restaurant 08-37027212. Christal Restaurant 13. Riviera Restaurant 14. La Crèperie Restaurant 08-37010015. Al-A’ajami Restaurant 08-37005116. Chahrazad Restaurant 08-37185117. Pizza Uno Restaurant 18. Al-Sindibad Restaurant 08-371452

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Monuments1. Ruins of a Roman Wall2. Old Grape Presses3. Ia'at Ancient Mosque4. Mar Gerges (Saint Georges) Ancient Church5. Ia'at Column

Natural Attractions1. Old Water Well

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Monuments1. Saydet (Our Lady) Bechwat Ancient Church2. Mar Saba Ancient Monastery3. Ain Al-Daya'a (Village Spring) Old Spring

Natural Attractions1. Caves (in the center of the town)

Restaurants1. Qasr Sehour Restaurant 03-8458192. Karm Al-Za'arour Restaurant

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Monuments1. Mar Kunia Ancient Sanctuary2. Al-Saydeh (Our Lady) Ancient Monastery3. Saint Barbara Ancient Church & Sanctuary4. Mar Elian Ancient Church5. Al-Ikhwat Al-Saghirat Heritage House 6. Mar Boulos (Saint Paul) Ancient Church7. Ruins of an Old Mill

Natural Attractions1. Mar Touma Mountain2. Camping Area3. Public Garden 08-210499

Restaurants1. Ras Ba'albeck Resthouse 03-2497312. Al-Qasr Resthouse & Restaurant 03-836086

Recreation1. Zoo 08-2103712. Nazih Ghadban Atelier for Musical Instruments

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Handicrafts: Cottage Industry.For purchase, please contact Tel.: 03-934095

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Monuments1. Shabyi Old Area holds Ruins of an Old Village & Cemeteries carved into Rocks2. Wadi Al-Khayl Area (Horses' Valley) holds Al-Hosn Citadel3. Wadi Al-Hosn Area holds an Old Fortress & Ruins of Old Houses4. Khirbet Al-Ra'ayan holds a River, an Old Village, Old Jail & Cemeteries carved into Rocks

Natural Attractions1. Wadi Sa'aid 2. Al-Ma'ayssri Vineyards3. River

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Handicrafts: The town is known for carpet production by Rural Development Association.

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Monuments1. Mar Youhanna (Saint John) Church 2. Mar Youssef (Saint Joseph) Church 3. Merched Imad Heritage House 4. Saydet (Our Lady) Al-Borj Ancient Church5. Old Grape Press6. Roman Quarry7. Cellar, Roman Ruins

Natural Attractions1. Woods

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Monuments1. Ruins of a Roman Citadel 2. Al-Houwat Area, Factory Ruins3. Chalhoub Family Press4. Qiameh Family Olive Press5. Roman Temple6. Cemeteries carved into Rocks and Caves7. Naqabat Al-Ghoueiri Area, holds Oil Press and Old Oil Wells

Natural Attractions1. Al-Miyah (water) Cave

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Monuments1. Al-Wadi Mill2. Roman Quarry with Scripts carved into Rocks3. Yahfoufa Citadel holds Gallows 4. Qasr Al-Banat5. Tibchar Area (Old Presses)6. Al-Ramadi Area, facing it is an Old Rocky Cave, Wells Carved into Rocks & Old Cemeteries

7. Al-Sayyed Abbas Al-Moussawi Shrine8. Al-Nabi Chiit Shrine9. Roman Cave & Cemeteries10. Al-Wousta Mill

Natural Attractions1. Caves2. Oum Ayoub Cave

Restaurants1. Al-Sultan Restaurant2. Al-Rida Restaurant 08-335450 ext.592

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Monuments1. Roman Fortress, nearby Three Old Mills & an Old Tunnel (leading to the neighboring villages)2. Al-Labweh Train Station dating back to 19013. Wadi Al-Abyad (Sarcophagi)

4. Bayram Ruins holds Sarcophagi & Underground Cemeteries

5. Al-Qadroun Old Cave6. Al-Miyyeh Area holds Caves & a Roman Quarry whose stones were transferred to Ba'albeck & Hosn Al-Labweh

Natural Attractions1. Al-Bisrawi Hill2. Oum Hassan Hill3. Al-Labweh Spring4. Al-Hawa Hill5. Al-Qadroun Area holds several Caves

Restaurants1. Al-Nabi'i Park 08-230093

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Monuments1. Qasr Al-Banat 2. Ruins of a Roman Temple3. Saydet (Our Lady) Al-Bechara Ancient Church 4. Bayader Al-Ma'asser Area5. Saydet Zrouh Ancient Church

Natural Attractions1. Shlifa Cascades2. Dahr Al-Mrah holds Natural Caves

Restaurants1. Al-Challal Restaurant 03-870790

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Monuments1. Saydet (Our Lady) Al-Tallah Monastery2. Mar Elias Church3. Al-Qala'a (The Fortress) Church

Natural Attractions 1. Caves2. Public Garden

Recreation 1. Municipal Playground

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Monuments1. Zanoubia Old Canal a 20 m underground canal linked by a 20m depth well every 100m. The canal used to draw water for the kingdom of Tadmor.

2. Al-Qamou'h (Obelisk)3. Byzantine Church 4. Al-Moua'allaqa Ancient Castle5. Naboukhaz Nassar Monument

Natural Attractions1. Ain (Spring) Al-Zarka2. Mar Maroun Cave3. Al-A'assi Bridge4. Al-A'assi River5. Jord Al-Hermel

Hotels 1. Challalat Al-Dirdarah Hotel 03-861670/828880/08-200880 2. Trout Hotel 08-200874/03-8830243. Al-Ferdaous (Paradise Hotel) 08-200685

Restaurants 1. Restaurants on Al-A’assi River Stream£ Challalat Al-Dirdarah Restaurant 03-861670/828880/08-200880 £ Challalat Touristic Complex & Restaurant 03-849844 £ Al-Challal Restaurant 03-671874£ Al-Jazeerah Restaurant & Club£ Al-Sindibad Restaurant & Café

31

2

5

4

TowardsSyrian Borders

Al-Sharbin

The City ofAl-Hermel

1 2

4

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£ Al-Amir Restaurant & Café 03-631755£ Al-Ghabeh Restaurant & Café 08-201203£ Al-Feih'a Restaurant & Café 03-942870£ Coin D'or Restaurant & Café 03-629474£ Al-Murj Al-Aghdar Restaurant & Café£ Al-Ghadir Restaurant£ Al-Zweitneh Restaurant & Café 08-200705£ Café Rouge£ Al-Rehab Restaurant 03-671874£ Challalat Al-Dirdarah Restaurant (Beit Al-Tashm) 03-611169£ Al-A’assi Restaurant 08-200660£ A'abadein Restaurant£ Rawdat Al-A’assi Café 03-723933£ Trout Restaurant 08-200874/03-883024£ Jisr Al-A’assi Restaurant & Café£ Al-Ferdaous (Paradise) Restaurant 08-200685 £ Al-Jandoul Restaurant

Ba’albeck 1/5Distance from Beirut: 85kmAltitude: 1,200m

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Ba'albeck, the Roman Heliopolis – the town of the sun - as it was named by the Romans, lies underneath the present Ba'albeck. The name originated in the ancient Semitic languages and is formed of two parts meaning “ Lord - god – of the plains “, although some researchers believe the name is rendered to “ The Lord –god- of weeping and mourning “ , that is Adon or Adonis. Ba’albeck, Lebanon's greatest Roman treasure, can be counted among the wonders of the ancient world. Ba'albeck is home to the largest and best preserved Roman temples ever built. Towering high above the Beqa’a plain, their monumental proportions proclaimed the power and wealth of Imperial Rome. The gods worshipped here – the Triad of Jupiter, Venus and Mercury – were grafted onto the indigenous deities of Hadad, Atargatis and a young male god of fertility. Local influences are also seen in the planning and layout of the temples, which vary from the classic Roman design. Ba’albeck is located on two main historic trade routes: one between the Mediterranean coast and the Syrian interior and the other between northern Syria and northern Palestine. Today, the city, 85 kilometers from Beirut, is an important administrative and economic center in the northern Beqa’a valley.Over the centuries, Ba’albeck’s monuments suffered from theft, war and earthquakes, and were obscured by medieval fortifications and additions. But even in ruin the site attracted the admiration of visitors, and its historical importance was recognized. Fortunately, the modern visitor can see the site in something close to its original form, thanks to work in the past hundred years by German, French and Lebanese archaeologists. In 1984, Ba’albeck was placed on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites.Ba’albeck’s temples were built on an ancient tell that goes back at least to the end of the 3rd millennium B.C. Little is known about the site during this period, but there is evidence that in the course of the 1st millennium B.C. an enclosed court was built on the ancient tell. An altar was set in the center of this court in the tradition of the biblical Semitic high places.During the Hellenistic period (333-64 B.C.), the Greeks

identified the god of Ba’albeck with the Sun God, and the city was called Heliopolis, or “City of the Sun.” At this time the ancient enclosed court was enlarged, and a podium was erected on its western side to support a temple of classical form. Although the temple was never built, some huge structures from this Hellenistic project can still be seen. It was over the ancient court that the Romans placed the present Great Court of the Temple of Jupiter.The Temple of Jupiter was begun in the last quarter of the 1st century B.C. and was nearing completion in the final years of Nero’s reign (37-68 A.D.). The Great Court Complex of the Temple of Jupiter, with its porticoes, exedrae, altars and basins, was built in the 2nd century A.D. Construction of the so-called temple of Bacchus was also started about this time. The Propylaea and the Hexagonal Court of the Jupiter Temple were added in the 3rd century A.D. under the Severan Dynasty (193-235 A.D.), and work was presumably completed in the mid-3rd century. The small, circular structure known as the Temple of Venus was probably finished at this time as well.When Christianity was declared an official religion of the Roman Empire in 313 A.D., Emperor Constantine officially closed the Ba’albeck temples. At the end of the 4th century A.D., Byzantine Emperor Theodosius tore down the altars of Jupiter’s Great Court and built a basilica using the temple’s stones and architectural elements. The remnants of the three apses of this basilica, originally oriented to the west, can still be seen in the upper part of the stairway of the Temple of Jupiter.After the Arab Conquest in 636 A.D., the temples were transformed into a fortress, or qala’a, a term still applied to the Acropolis today. During the next centuries, Ba’albeck fell successively to the Umayyad, Abbasid, Toulounid, Fatimid and Ayyoubid dynasties. Sacked by the Mongols around 1260, Ba’albeck later enjoyed a period of calm and prosperity under Mamluke rule.The temple complex of Ba’albeck is made up of the Jupiter Temple and the Bacchus Temple adjacent to it. A short distance away is the circular structure known as the Temple of Venus. Only part of the staircase remains of a fourth temple dedicated to Mercury, on Sheikh Abdallah hill.The Great Temple or Jupiter Temple: The first view the visitor has of Ba’albeck is the six Corinthian columns of the Great Temple, thrusting 22 meters into the skyline. Built on a podium seven meters above the Court, these six columns and the entablature on top give an idea of the vast scale of the original structure. The complex of the Great Temple has four sections: the monumental entrance or Propylaea, the Hexagonal Court, the Great Court and finally the Temple itself, where the six famous columns stand.The Little Temple or the so-called Temple of Bacchus: Next to the Jupiter complex is a separate building known as the Temple of Bacchus. Constructed during the first half of the 2nd century A.D., it has been remarkably well preserved.The Round Temple or the so-called Temple of Venus: The small, circular temple southeast of the acropolis was built in the 3rd century A.D. Its design and size, as well as its orientation towards the Great Temple, set it apart from

Ba’albeck 4/5 ∂Ñ∏©H

Ba’albeck 5/5 ∂Ñ∏©H

the other Ba’albeck temples. There are a number of other Roman remains and Islamic sites to visit in Ba’albeck and its immediate neighborhood.The Great Mosque: In front of the Acropolis entrance, this mosque dates from the 7th-8th centuries of the Umayyad period. Built on what was the site of the Roman forum and later a Byzantine church dedicated to St. John, the mosque re-uses granite and limestone columns.Public buildings: At Boustan Al- Khan, south of the temples, are important remains of public baths, a market, and probably a bouleuterion, or assembly place.Ras Al-Ain: This ancient spring, now incorporated into modern Ba’albeck, has been a source of water since antiquity. There are traces of a Roman shrine and nympheum, as well as the remains of a Mamluke mosque built in 1277.Quarries: At the southern entrance of town is a quarry where the stones used in the temples were cut. A huge block, considered the largest hewn stone in the world, still sits where it was cut almost 2,000 years ago. Called the “Stone of the Pregnant Woman,” it is 21.5m x 4.8m x 4.2m in size and weighs an estimated 1,000 tons.Qoubbat Al-Amjad: On Sheikh Abdallah Hill are the remains of the Zawiya-Mosque and tomb of Sheikh ‘Abdallah al-Younini, built under the rule of Al-Amjad, grandnephew of Saladin and governor of Ba’albeck between 1182 and 1230. It was constructed of stones from the nearby Temple of Mercury.City Gate: Northwest of the Acropolis, near the army barracks, lie the remains of a Roman city gate, part of the fortifications that once surrounded the city.Qoubbat As-Sa’adin: Not far from the City Gate is a two-room mausoleum built in 1409, which served as a burial place for the Mamluke governors of Ba’albeck.Qoubbat Douris: At the southern entrance of the town is an octagonal structure composed of eight Roman granite columns. Built during the 13th century, it was originally covered with a cupola and held an Ayyoubid tomb.

Bechwat Distance from Beirut: 105kmAltitude: 1,250m

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Of Semitic origins, the word Bechwat means “initiation” or “facilitator.” A votive stone altar with representations of the Heliopolitan triad was found in Bechwat, in addition to many funerary caves with rock-cut tombs that yielded many artifacts such as jars and pottery. The town is famous for its church, Saydet Bechwat (“Our Lady of Bechwat”), which was built over the ruins of a Roman pagan temple by the inhabitants who came to Bechwat from Bcharri at the beginning of the 17th century.

Ia'atDistance from Beirut: 90kmAltitude: 1,050m

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The name Ia'at originates from the Syriac word meaning “patio, tower or guardhouse.” Evidence of roads and aqueducts linking Ia'at to the city of Ba'albeck indicate that it was used as a leisure resort by the Romans, and attest to its antiquity. Some even say that Ia'at is as old as Ba'albeck, the City of the Sun, itself. A column made from local limestone, with a mutilated cornice, stands high in the middle of the town, with Roman-style motifs decorating its length. A historical cave was recently discovered, believed to be a funeral chamber with rock cut tombs common of the Byzantine era. Other sites of interests in Ia'at include remnants of old oil mills and grape presses.

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The name literally means “the head of Ba'albeck” in Arabic, signifying the town’s higher altitude relative to the City of the Sun. In ancient times, the village was called “Kunia,” and a shrine dedicated to Mar Kunia was built at the highest point in the town. Ras Ba'albeck was a famous Byzantine Episcopal seat and still retains some religious sites worth visiting. Most notable are the remnants of an old church in the center of town and the ruins of another church on the western side of the town. It is said that one of these churches was home to Saint Barbara. Today, the town’s main church boasts a Constantine Cross on its threshold. Ras B'aalbeck has retained its traditional crafts of making string instruments, such as the oud, guitar and violin.

Ras Ba'albeck Distance from Beirut: 125kmAltitude: 1,000m

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The name A'arsal means “God’s throne” in Aramaic. In the town are the remnants of many Mastabas (fixed masonry benches). On the outskirts of the town are the ruins of a fortified structure of unknown date, located in Wadi Al-Toun (“The Valley of Toun”). The surrounding area has many historical monuments left by the Arabic tribes who settled in the region after the Romans. Today, A'arsal is famous for its handmade carpets, an industry that employs more than 150 female workers.

A'arsalDistance from Beirut: 122kmAltitude: 1,400m-2,000m

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Hadath Ba'albeck Distance from Beirut: 76kmAltitude: 1,200m

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The origin of the word Hadath is Syriac and literally means “new.” The village’s name was merged with the name Ba'albeck because of its proximity to Ba'albeck. Hadath Ba'albeck is notable for the ruins of Temple of Apollo, dating back to the 1st century B.C. The temple is made up of a rectangular-shaped patio with a host of carved and engraved stones scattered all around. In addition, a 2 meter high votive altar with representations on its sides, as well as numerous stone monuments, are found throughout the village.

Deir Al-AhmarDistance from Beirut: 104kmAltitude: 1,100m

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There are several versions related to the origin of the town's name. However, the most reliable one is that the name Deir Al-Ahmar is attributed to a big monastery in the area that was built with red stones. The town is characterized by its eight heritage churches as well as the center of the archbishopric of Ba'albeck-Deir Al-Ahmar. The history of Deir Al-Ahmar is associated with the history of the Church of Saydet Al-Borj (Our Lady of the Tower), which has been re-built and became the Patron Saint of the village where she performed many miracles according to the residents. The town is also home to various vestiges, among which is the temple of Jupiter with its remaining two walls and big stones, whereas Saydet Al-Borj church was built over the demolished part. Deir Al-Ahmar also includes Qasr Al-Banat (The girls' palace), a Roman palace that used to be inhabited by virgin girls, the column of Ia'at which was constructed in memory of the battles and old victories as well as the Roman road built during the Assyrian era, and that the Romans improved to become essential for the movement of their armies between Syria and the Mediterranean coast.

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The town of Al-Nabi Chiit derives its name from a shrine to the Nabi (prophet) named Chiit, although the prophet himself is not buried there. According to local tradition, a townsman decided to build the shrine in homage to the actual Nabi Chiit shrine, which he visited in Iraq.

Al-Nabi Chiit Distance from Beirut: 71kmAltitude: 1,200m

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The name Al-Labweh has its origin in the Syriac language, meaning “heart” or “center.” Some argue that the name is Arabic, from the word for lioness, in reference to the lions that used to roam Lebanon. The town has several interesting archeological sites. Most notable are three historical caves that hold several sarcophagi dating back to the Roman-Byzantine era, as well as the remnants of a temple that retains part of its western wall and flooring. Also of interest are the remnants of a Byzantine bastion; the vestiges of a Roman dam, traced back to Queen Zanoubia’s reign; and aqueducts that were chiseled in the rocks to draw the water from the A'assi (Orontes) River to Queen Zanoubia’s kingdom in Palmyra, Syria.

Al-LabwehDistance from Beirut: 114kmAltitude: 950m

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ShlifaDistance from Beirut: 98kmAltitude: 1,000m

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The name Shlifa is traced back to the Syriac word meaning “waterfalls,” in reference to the famous waterfall in the town. There are both Hellenistic and Roman sites to be visited in Shlifa. Particularly interesting are the Castle of Bint Al-Malak (“king’s daughter”) and the historical Church of Saydet Al-Bechara (“Our lady of good omens”).

AL-Qa'aDistance from Beirut: 136kmAltitude: 650m

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The full name of the village is “Qa’a Bi-Ouyoune.” In Arabic, Qa’a means “the serene expanse of plain land relieved of the presence of mountains that have left it.” Bi-Ouyoune is idiomatic for Abou-Ouyoune, meaning “the eyes of the water.” The town contains the remnants of a fortress, the “Qa’a Fortress,” which was built during the reign of Emir Fakhreddine II around the year 1640 A.D.

Al-HermelQamou'h Al-HermelDistance from Beirut: 143kmAltitude: 750m

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Al-Hermel is Aramaic for “God’s Pyramid,” in reference to the archeological monument known as Qamou'h (the obelisk of Al-Hermel). This historical obelisk, which is located 6 km from the town of Al-Hermel, rises 27 meters high from a black marble base of three steps. It is a 1st century B.C. funerary monument, a Syrian prince’s tomb, and is decorated with drawings depicting hunting scenes. The obelisk is believed to have served as a lighthouse for trade caravans, a beacon to guide them as they traveled through the region. In the rock cliffs on one side of the Al-A'assi (Orontes) River, there are several caves worth visiting. The most famous is Al-Raheb (“the monk’s cave”), better known as the Cave of Mar-Maroun. About 200 meters north of Mar-Maroun is the natural spring of Ain-Al-Zark, which jets out of the rocks, creating an ideal picnic site. Hermel is noted for its numerous natural springs, the most famous of which is Ras Al-Mal.

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We acknowledge the efforts and works of the Ministry of Tourism, the municipalities and mayors of listed towns and villages, “Mo’ajam Al-Qoura wal Baldat Al-Lubnaniyya” by Anis Freiha, and “Mawsou’at Qoura wa Modon Libnan” by Tony Moufarrej.