BACnet Global standard for open building management solutions
Christian Mueller Honeywell Building Solutions Germany
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light + building 2006 About the speaker... Christian Mueller -
Honeywell Building Solutions Germany since 1986 - Leader Marketing
Communication within Honeywell Building Solution Germany - Leader
of Working Group Marketing and Advisory Board member of the BACnet
Interest Group Europe (B.I.G.-EU) since 1999 - Member of CEN TC247
WG5 (Integrated Building Management Systems)
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light + building 2006 ?
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The BACnet history He has a real problem...
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light + building 2006 The BACnet history He has got a
solution...
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light + building 2006 Increasing demand for integration I&I
Limited The European Market 2000-2005 Intelligent Controls in
Buildings
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light + building 2006 Heterogeneous System Integration Cost for
integrating three systems System A System BSystem C Resulting
system- functionality
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light + building 2006 CEN/TC247 & ISO/TC205 norms
Management layer Automation layer Field layer Protocol Norm BACnet
BACnet WorldFIP Profibus FMS EIBnet EIB BatiBus EHS LonTalk EN V
1805-1 ISO 16484-5 EN V 13321-1 EN V 13321-1 and EN 50170 EN V
13321-2 EN V 13154-2, DIN VDE 0829 EN V 13154-2 AS-i Actuator
Sensor-Interface Safety-Bus EN 50295
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light + building 2006 Management layer and between Management
and Automation layer Automation layer Communication layer Field
layer and between Field and Automation layer Protocol: BACnet
BACnet on all functional layers BACnet, ISO Norm 16484-5 BACnet DIN
EN ISO 16484-5 Includes references to EIA-709.1 LonTalk EN 50090
EIB/KNX
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light + building 2006 ISO Building Automation model
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light + building 2006 BACnet history... 1987 1991 1995 1998
2001 2002 2003 2004 Foundation of the ASHRAE (American Society of
Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineering) committee
SPC135. Team charter: Development of a communication protocol which
would be neutral and allow monitoring, control and energy
management within buildings. First draft version of the new
protocol available BACnet was published as ASHRAE 135-1995
standard. BACnet also becomes ANSI standard BACnet becomes EN
1805-1 and ENV13321 by CEN TC247 FND withdrawn by CEN as ENV
ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2001 published BACnet becomes worldwide ISO norm as
the only BMS- protocol The first BACnet devices are conformance
tested in Europe
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light + building 2006 What is BACnet? BACnet ist a
communication standard that allows for data exchange (including
complex data) between systems from various vendors BACnet allows
for interoperability of devices and systems from various vendors
BACnet is most suited for - HVAC control applications (in Europe
integrations on management and automation layer) but also -
Integration of life safety systems (fire panels)
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light + building 2006 Was can BACnet provide? BACnet does
standardize transactions like: - COS/COV - Alarm/event handling
supporting alarm/event priority - Historical data - Data access
control - Command priority - File transfer - Save/Restore of
programs - Calendar and Scheduling functionality BACnet is
independent from any specific hardware, operating system or
software platform
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light + building 2006 BACnet terminology Objects - Devices and
systems are seen as black boxes consisting of a number of objects -
BACnet objects only define the outside behaviour of the devices and
systems no internal functionality is defined Object properties -
Each object has got a number of mandatory (required) and optional
properties. - The properties can be read by other devices and
systems and some can be written to. Vendors may define vendor
specific properties (interoperability?) Services - Communication
between BACnet devices and systems is done using specific services.
- Services can be used f. e. to read object properties.
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light + building 2006 BACnet Networking Options Ethernet BACnet
over IP Serial (RS232/RS485) ARCnet MS/TP LonTalk (is not equal to
LonMark!) Layer in ISO/OSI- Reference model Data-Link Media-Access
Physical Network Application BACnetApplicationLayer BACnet Network
Layer (allows Routing) ISO 8802-2 Type 1 RS 485RS 232
MS/TPPTPLonTalk ARCNETISO 8802-3 Ethernet BACnet/IP
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light + building 2006 BACnet Client/Server architecture A
BACnet device may trigger a service or can react on a service
request: - Client: Requests services (Service user) - Server:Offers
services (Service provider) A DDC-system for example may act as a -
client for various field devices in an automation system, - server
for other DDC-systems or for a BMS (Building Management System)
that requests specific data or alarms SSCC Initiate Service Execute
Service
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light + building 2006 BACnet Objects
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light + building 2006 BACnet Objects
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light + building 2006 Functional list, EN ISO 16484-3
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light + building 2006 Object properties Standard Objects have
required and optional properties defined Vendors may add
proprietary object properties or vendor specific objects to a
device Object_NameROOM_TEMP Object_Type ANALOG INPUT
Present_Value20.3 Unit High_Limit30.0 Low_Limit15.0 required
optional 62 = C
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light + building 2006 BACnet Services BACnet currently includes
38 services on the application layer which are subdivided into 5
categories: - Object Access - Device Management - Alarm and Event -
File Transfer - Virtual Terminal
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light + building 2006 Services - Object Access Object access
services include services like: - Read and write data (object
properties) - Request a specific data range (e. g. to retrieve
trend log data) - Services to create other objects at runtime or
delete them (like notification class objects or schedule objects) -
Services to add data to lists or remove data from lists (data point
and events to/from notification class objects)
light + building 2006 BACnet Broadcast Management Device The
BACnet Broadcast Management Device (BBMD) handles broadcast
telegrams (Who-Is, Who-Has, I-Am, I-Have, ) through routers that
connect different IP-subnets. The BBMD can be an external device or
be integrated in another BACnet device like B-BC, B-OWS. BBMD
Function IP-Segment A IP-Segment B IP-Router B-BC B-OWS B-BC
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light + building 2006 Services - Alarm- and Event Services
include - Alarm- and event handling and - COV/COS (Change of
Value/State) Request alarm summary list (e. g. after a
communication restart) Services to acknowledge alarms
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light + building 2006 Alarm- and Event handling BACnet allows
for three different methods for alarm and event handling - COV
Events One or more recipients subscribe specific changes to state
or value from a COV-server using SubscribeCOV(Property) service.
The COV-Server sends changes to the receivers that have subscribed
for the event using (Un)ConfirmedCOVNotification - Intrinsic Event
Reporting The recipient list of alarms and events from specific
objects will statically or dynamically be managed using
NotificationClass objects The objects to support intrinsic alarming
will have to support various optional properties like the
EventEnable property - Algorithmic Change Events In order to
support algorithmic change events, the EventEnrollment object needs
to be supported. The EventEnrollment object list contains stages
and valuesof datapoints that need to be monitored. In case of a
limit violation, the distribution of alarms/events can either be
handled by the EventEnrollment object itself (if recipients are
defined) or via a Notification Class object list if a NC object is
defined with the object in alarm.0
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light + building 2006 The BACnet PICS PICS: Protocol
Implementation Conformance Statement The PICS is a standard way of
describing the BACnet functionality of a specific solution in a
kind of table format and contains information about - BACnet
services supported - BACnet standard objects supported including
information Whether or not BACnet objects can be created and
deleted during runtime Which object properties are supported and
which are read-only
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light + building 2006 The BACnet PICS PICS continued... - Data
Link Layer Options Description of the network options supported
(like Ethernet, BACnet /IP) - Special functionality - Restrictions
to properties, if exist e. g. the max. number of characters for a
key name or the character set (e. g. ANSI X3.4) The BACnet PICS is
an important means for end customers and consultants to understand
the functionality provided by a BACnet solution. This is achieved
through - BACnet Interoperability Building Blocks (BIBBs) -
Standard device profiles
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light + building 2006 BACnet PICS (Extract)
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light + building 2006 BACnet Interoperability Building Blocks
BIBBs Define a set of BACnet services to provide a specific
function. BIBBs are either client (A) or server (B) related. There
are BIBBs for the following areas of interoperability: - Data
Sharing (DS) - Alarm and Event Notification(AE) - Scheduling
(SCHED) - Trending(T) - Device Management(DM) - Network
Management(NM) - Virtual Terminal Management(VT)
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light + building 2006 BACnet Interoperability Building Blocks
BIBBs example: - DS-RP-A (Data Sharing-ReadProperty-A)
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light + building 2006 BACnet Interoperability Building Blocks
BIBBs example: - DS-COVP-B (Data Sharing-COVP-B) (A) is user
(Client), (B) is server (Server) (A) subscribes change of value of
a specific property from (B) (B) serves (A) with COV of the object
property without the need of polling
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light + building 2006 Standard BACnet device profiles
B-OWSBACnet Operator Workstation, GLT B-BCBACnet Building
Controller B-AACBACnet Advanced Application Controller B-ASCBACnet
Application Specific Controller B-SABACnet Smart Actuator
B-SSBACnet Smart Sensor B-GWBACnet Gateway
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light + building 2006 Standard BACnet device profiles
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light + building 2006 BACnet Interest Group Europe e. V. The
BACnet Interest Group Europe e. V. (B.I.G.-EU) supports BACnet in
Europe: - Web: http://www.big-eu.org - 45 members (vendors,
consultants, system integrators, associations) - Working groups
Marketing and Technology - B.I.G.-EU targets Bring European market
requirements into the standardisation Offer BACnet training Test
and certification of BACnet solutions
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light + building 2006 Further BACnet organisations BACnet
Interest Group North America BACnet Interest Group AustralAsia
BACnet Interest Group Middle-East BMA - BACnet Manufacturers
Association - Founded in 2000, USA - Open for all vendors of BACnet
products - Develop ways to test/certify BACnet products (BTL-Logo),
Marketing, Training in USA - Intensive contact between B.I.G.-EU
and BMA in order to guarantee mutual acknowledgment of BACnet
certification
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light + building 2006 BACnet Tests and Certification BMA and
BIG-EU develop a common test and certification system The target is
to allow for a common, reproducible handling of conformance tests
Mutual certification in EU and NA First tests available in EU
through accredited test lab (WSP-Lab) Common Logo
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light + building 2006 BACnet Tests and Certification Today
extent of the BACnet conformance tests - In USA tests are done
based on the BACnet device profiles (B-SA, B-ASC,..) - BIBBS, that
can be tested in Europe today e. g. DS-COV-B had not bee tested in
the US, as it had not been a market requirement so far -
Conformance tests are no BACnet certificates! - What would a BACnet
certification be like? In order to certify a BACnet device, the
complete functionality as specified by the device PICS must be
tested. This is not possible today for complex devices like B-BC or
B-OWS.
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light + building 2006 BIBBS, tested in Europe today DS-RP-B -
(B) provides data upon request from (A) DS-WP-B - (B) allows a
value to be changed by (A) DS-COV-B - (B) accepts subscription
requests from (A) and replies with COVNotifications DM-DDB-B - (B)
provides information about itself to (A) DM-DOB-B - (B) provides
information about its objects upon request from (A) DM-DCC-B - (B)
responds to comm. control request from (A) DM-TS-B / DM-UTC-B (UTC
Greenwich Mean Time) - (B) accepts time sync. request from (A)
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light + building 2006 B-BC Example: Honeywell Excel Web LINUX
operating system 10/100MBit/s network interface Integrated
Web-Server with HTML-pages installed for parameter setting, local
operation via browser No need for ActiveX controls Trend capacity
can be expanded using standard CF memory cards Up to 1.000 BACnet
objects I/O modules based on LonTalk (78kbps, Free topology wiring
DIN rail or direct mounting LINU X inside !
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light + building 2006 Upcoming BACnet extensions BACnet Web
Services Web-Pages - Are designed for humans and are used through
Web- Browsers Web-Services - Automated services through
Internet/Intranet used by applications. - Services to supply other
applications with data in a standard way independent from the
underlying hard- or software or operating system. XML used as the
data format and SOAP as the protocol - SOAP (Simple Object Access
Protocol) is based on http which allows data to be exchanged
through firewalls - IT-system security is not jeopardised
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light + building 2006 BACnet Web Service via SOAP BACnet BMS,
Automation island Application Server BACnet/Web Services via SOAP
ERP-Client Application Makes use of Web Services via SOAP Upcoming
BACnet extensions BACnet/XML Working-Group target - To link BACnet
systems to ERP-applications via Web- Services Annex N BACnet/WS
currently in Public Review
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light + building 2006 Some BACnet Projects
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light + building 2006 Technology compound at the German
Parliamentary Buildings Reichstag Jakob-Kaiser- Haus Paul-Lbe- Haus
Marie-Elisabeth- Lders-Haus Spree
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light + building 2006 Technology compound at the German
Parliamentary Buildings
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light + building 2006 Technology compound at the German
Parliamentary Buildings
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light + building 2006 Technology compound at the German
Parliamentary Buildings Access to BACnet objects like schedule,
calendar and loop
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light + building 2006 Building Management with BACnet
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light + building 2006 BACnet/OPC comparison
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light + building 2006 The birth of OPC... Microsoft
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light + building 2006 OPC Introduction The task: - Get data
from a PLC (Programmable logic controller) into an Microsoft based
application within a PC-based network. Prior to OPC a special
driver needed to be written and maintained for each protocol that
had to be integrated into a visualisation (SCADA system) - Target:
Provide a standard interface with standard objects (OPC server)
that every PLC-vendor could integrate and that could also be
integrated by every vendor of visualisations (OPC client) Provide a
standard interface between plant control level and information
technology
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light + building 2006 OPC History 1995 - A task force composed
of Fisher-Rosemount, Rockwell Software, Opto 22, Intellution, and
Intuitive Technology developed a basic, workable, OPC
specification. - OPC = Object linking and embedding for process
control 1996 - A simplified, stage-one solution was released in
August 1996. OPC foundation group started up. 1998 - OPC becomes an
industry standard 1998 - OPC Data Access 2.0 published 2001 -
Compliance Testing and Certification program available 2004 - The
OPC Foundation has got more than 300 members. Honeywell is also a
member of the OPC Foundation.
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light + building 2006 OPC Introduction OPC (OLE for Process
Control) is a Client-/Server Software Interface, based on the
Microsoft COM / DCOM component technology. It is used to exchange
data between different applications on one machine (COM) or between
different applications on a network (DCOM). OPC is not a new bus
standard, no norm - It may be compared with a printer driver
available with a printer which is the interface between the
hardware and the office application OPC is best suited for - Simple
I/O type of information which need to be integrated into office
applications - Data exchange between software applications
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light + building 2006 OPC data types, object model OPC only
supports simple data objects (so called OPC Items). OPC Items
consist of - Value, state - Time stamp - Information about the
quality of data OPC Object model - OPC Groups are defined on an OPC
server. OPC groups contain OPC Items that are handles in a similar
way. E. g.: Periodical data transmission Data transmission on a
COV/COS - Each OPC Item may have properties defined like value
range, engineering unit
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light + building 2006 OPC Specifications OPC Data Access - Used
to move real-time data from PLCs and other control devices to HMIs
and other display clients. Standard on the market is OPC DA 2.04.
The Data Access 3 specification is now a Release Candidate. OPC
Alarms & Events - Provides alarm and event notifications on
demand (in contrast to the continuous data flow of Data Access). -
OPC Clients can subscribe for alarms and events from the OPC server
(OPC-AE 1.10). OPC Data eXchange - This specification takes OPC
from client/server to server-to-server with communication across
Ethernet field bus networks.
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light + building 2006 OPC Specifications OPC Historical Data
Access - Where OPC Data Access provides access to real-time,
continually changing data, OPC Historical Data Access provides
access to data already stored. (OPC DX 1.0) OPC Security - OPC
Security specifies how to control client access to these servers in
order to protect this sensitive information and to guard against
unauthorized modification of process parameters (OPC Security 1.0)
OPC XML-DA - OPC XML-DA is developed to expose plant floor data
using XML and SOAP. Specification still under development
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light + building 2006 Need more information? OPC Foundation web
pages - www.opcfoundation.org OPC European membebr web pages -
www.opceurope.org
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light + building 2006 OPC/BACnet Comparison BACnet - Vendor
independence ISO Standard, independent from OS, hardware or vendor
- Best suited for Automation and management level Peer-to-Peer
communication for HVAC control and safety controls - Communication
IP support, Client-Server OPC - Vendor independence
De-facto-Industry Standard, based on Microsoft COM/DCOM technology
- Best suited for Move real-time data from PLC to visualisation and
business applications Peer-to-Peer communication possible if OPC
data eXchange extension becomes available - Communication IP
support, Client-Server
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light + building 2006 OPC/BACnet Comparison BACnet -
Specifications/Profiles Data Sharing (with priority) Alarms and
Events Historical Trends Scheduling Device and Network Management
Access Control mechanisms build in BACnet via XML Specification in
public review - Conformance tests BACnet Test Lab at Stuttgart is
capable to provide first basic BACnet conformance tests OPC -
Specifications/Profiles Data Access (DA) Alarm & Events (AE)
Historical Trends only few implementations exist, Normally done on
SCADA level Scheduling needs to be done on SCADA level Access
Control available. Only a few implementations make use of OPC
Security OPC XML-DA spec. under development) - Conformance tests
Compliance Tests available through the OPC Foundation
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light + building 2006 OPC/BACnet Comparison BACnet - Planning
and Start-up BACnet is not Plug & Play f. e. due to optional
object properties A in depth comparison of the PICS is required
Test installation recommended Binding: Data documentation can be
exchanged via standard EDE- Format or BACnet solutions often allow
for address space browsing OPC - Planning and Start-up OPC allows
for Plug & Play if the network is correctly been set up. No
optional object properties Configuration of DCOM in complex network
environment can be tricky. Many times firewalls do not allow for
port 15 (OPC/DCOM) to be open as several virus attacks (like
W32Lovsan) came through this port Binding: OPC solutions often
allow for address space browsing
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light + building 2006 BACnet and OPC complement each other
BACnet is most suitable if it comes to... - Building Management
applications (alarming with acknowledgement, scheduling, save and
restore of application programs, command priority, Peer-to-Peer
data communication) - Data exchange between devices (e. g. an
energy manage- ment application requires data from various DDC
systems on the LAN for peak load control) OPC is best suited if it
comes to... - Simple data exchange between a SCADA system and a PLC
or integration of a fire panels into a Visualisation - Data
exchange with IT- or ERP (Business) applications
