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1
H15 40%
flow path
18ODOC
18O
DOC
3-4 )
2
1m DEM
(20cm
P1
500m0
Roy Sidle
500m0
K4
K
K2
K1
K6
K7
K8
K5
500m0
No (ha)
K1 1880
K2 45.3 86
K3 4.85 85
K4 1.95 85
K5 55.7 155 33-48
K6 5.65 156
K7 33.2 156 35-39
K8 0.59 156
27
30
7 19
0.5m
2m
3
2004/08/30
1 1010
100
1. 2004/9/28
2. 2004/10/8
3. 2004/12/4
4. 2005 /9/6
(mm)
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1. 2004/8/1
2. 2005/9/6
1. 2005/7/27
2. 2006/8/9
1. 2004/8/4
2. 2005/7/4
3. 2006/7/17
1. 2004/9/27
2. 2004/10/8
1 1010
100
1. 2004/9/28
2. 2004/10/8
3. 2004/12/4
4. 2005 /9/6
(mm)
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1 10
10
100
1. 2004/8/1
2. 2005/9/6
1. 2005/7/27
2. 2006/8/9
1. 2004/8/4
2. 2005/7/4
3. 2006/7/17
1. 2004/9/27
2. 2004/10/8
Suspended sediment, pH EC, stream temperature
Anion (PO43-, F-, Cl-, NO2
-, Br-, NO3-, SO4
2-)
Cation (Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+)
Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, DOC, UV-DOC
Fe, Mg, AI, Ca, Mn, Na, Si
18O, D
4205
3000 : 2000
12/4/2004
12:00
12/5/2004
0:00
12/5/2004
12:00
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
mm
/5 m
in
(0.5x2m)
4
0 100 200 300 400
0
10
20
30
40
50
1:0.
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
30
0 20 40 60 80 1000
2
4
6
8
10
1:0.
1
0 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
80
100
1:0.1
mm
mm
0 100 200 300 400
0
10
20
30
40
50
1:0.
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
30
0 20 40 60 80 1000
2
4
6
8
10
1:0.
1
0 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
80
100
1:0.1
mm
0 100 200 300 400
0
10
20
30
40
50
1:0.
1
0 100 200 300 400
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 100 200 300 4000 100 200 300 400
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
1:0.
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
30
0 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 100
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
30
10
30
0 20 40 60 80 1000
2
4
6
8
10
0 20 40 60 80 1000
2
4
6
8
10
0 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 1000
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
1:0.
1
0 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
80
100
1:0.1
0 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 4000 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
1:0.1
mm
mm
(0.5x2m)
mg/l
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0 100 200 300 4000 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
0 100 200 300 400
1:0.1
1:0.1
1:0.1
25m 8m) 2m
0.5m)
1.5
Total Rain: 21.2 mm
05/5/23
14:00
05/5/23
18:00
05/5/23
22:00
0
2
4
6
8
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
Total Rain:35.8mm
05/8/12
18:00
02468
10121416
05/8/12
12:00
05/8/12
14:00
05/8/12
16:00
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
04/08/30
12:00
04/08/31
0:00
04/08/31
12:00
04/09/01
0:00
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.00
5
Total Rain:40.8 mm
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
04/6/30
03:00
04/6/30
05:00
04/6/30
07:00
04/6/30
09:00
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
05/9/30:00
05/9/50:00
05/9/70:00
05/9/90:00
0
10
20
30
40
(mm
/hour)
Rain
fall
(mm
/hour)
(mm
/hour)
Rain
fall
(mm
/hour)
5
Box Plot
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
2004/06/01 2004/12/01 2005/06/01 2005/12/01
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
2004/06/01 2004/12/01 2005/06/01 2005/12/01
‰
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2
18O ‰
‰
(n=3)
(n=6)
(n=20)
(n= )
(n=48)
(n=30)
(n=48)
(n= )
(n= )
(n=26)
2004 7 30
mm
/30
)
2004/07/30
12:00
2004/07/31
0:00
2004/07/31
12:00
2004/08/01
0:00
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0
10
20
30
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
14.0
34.5
41.1
32
235
05/9/30:00
05/9/50:00
05/9/70:00
05/9/90:00
0
10
20
30
40
0
5
10
15
0
5
10
15
0
10
20
30
40
(K7: 33.2ha)
(K2: 45.3ha)
(m
m/h
ou
r)
(mm/hour)
6
N4 (4.7 ha)
N6 (1.8 ha)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
K7 (33.2ha)
K2 (45.3 ha)
A3 (3.0 ha)
K4 (3.5 ha) 0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
20050819-20
Normalized volume (solid line)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
mm
7
20mm/h(mm/h)
25
20
15
10
5
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
(mm/h)
25
20
15
10
5
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
(mm/h)
25
20
15
10
5
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
(mm/h)
25
20
15
10
5
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
(11m)
(3m)
13 mm/h
5 mm/h
3 mm/h
(Dekker & Ritsme, 2000)
Critical Surface Tension Willis and Horne, 1992
5
Ethanol concentration (%)
0 10 20 30 40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
noneslight
moderatestrong
very strong extreme
Severity rating of water repellency
Water content (cm3/cm3)
0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
De
pth
(cm
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
8
6/4-6/28
Cs-137 30.2
1950 1960
Pb-210ex 22
Pb-210
Cs-137
20cm
50 150
0 0 0
250
210Pb
ex
137
Cs
101000 0 0
Concentration (Bq kg )-1
Cs-137
Pb
-21
0ex
0
100
200
300
400
4-Ju
n
14-J
un
24-J
un4-
Jul
14-J
ul
24-J
ul
3-Au
g
13-A
ug
23-A
ug
2-Se
p
12-S
ep
22-S
ep
2-O
ct
12-O
ct
22-O
ct
1-No
v
(mm
/day
)
7
3
500 km
TokyoOsak
a
10 km
Kochi Pref.Kochi Pref.
(19)
(7)
(10)
2004
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 50 100 150
Pb
-2
10
ex
(B
q/k
g)
aA+ bB= (1)
a + b = 1 (2)
A;
B:
a: 0 < a < 1
b; 0 < b< 1
Cs-137, Pb-210ex source
9
54%
45% 44%49%
28%
46% 47%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
6/4 6/27 6/27 7/7 7/7 8/4 8/4 8/28 8/28 9/1 9/1 9/8 9/8 11/2
2004/8/30
0
80
160
240
320
400
6/21
/08:
00
6/21
/09:
00
6/21
/10:
00
6/21
/11:
00
6/21
/12:
00
6/21
/13:
00
6/21
/14:
00
6/21
/15:
00
6/21
/16:
00
6/21
/17:
00
6/21
/18:
00
6/21
/19:
00
6/21
/20:
00
TP
PP
(g
/L)
0
3
6
9
12
15
PPDP-P
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
TN
PN
(g
/L)
Dis
ch
arg
e (
m3/L
)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Disso
lve
d-N
(g
/L)
TN
PN
discharge
NO3-N
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Disso
lve
d-P
(g
/L)
2004/6/21
Cs-137, Pb-210ex
40-50%
h = 0
x x+ x
i
Q
x = 0
h
TOPOTUBEx
Ae
ContourLine
Modeling
element
Distributed Shallow
Groundwater Flow Model2
(DSGM2)
TOPOTUBE
Saturated store
Unsaturated store
Rainfall
Rainfall
Returnflow
Matrix
flow
Matrixflow
Horton
ian ov
erland
flow
Saturationoverland flow
Infiltrationexcess
10
2004/7/30)
: 195.2mm
1 : 32.6mm
: 1
: 10%
2m contour TOPOTUBE
500mm/h
1m
:30mm/h
130mm/h
130mm/h)
0
10
20
30
04/07/30
12:00
04/07/31
0:00
04/07/31
12:00
04/08/01
0:00
0
5
10
(mm)
(mm)
04/07/30
12:00
04/07/31
0:00
04/07/31
12:00
04/08/01
0:00
0
5
10
15
20
0
10
20
30
30mm/h
0
10
20
30
04/07/30
12:00
04/07/31
0:00
04/07/31
12:00
04/08/01
0:00
0
5
10
(130mm/h)
(30mm/h)
30mm/h 130mm/h
DSGM2
DSGM2
11
High infiltration rate High infiltration rate Low infiltration rate
356mm/h 360mm/h 31mm/h
300g
1000g
1kg/m2
1kg/m2
62
51
1.2mDIF)
314 670 ha
816 1750 ha
12
DBH
DBH
Nmax
G
N
DBH
DBH
DBH
Nmax
G
NDBHDBHDBH
DBHDBH
Nmax
GGGG
NNNN
DBHDBH
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