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8/3/2019 Bahadur Shah II
1/7
Bahadur Shah II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
To comply with Wikipedia'sguidelines, the introduction of this article may need to
be rewritten. Please discuss this issue on thetalk pageand read thelayout guidetomake sure the section will be inclusive of all essential details. (February 2011)
Bahadur Shah II
His Royal Highness Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar(Urdu: ), also known as Bahadur Shah or Bahadur Shah II(Urdu: ) (October 1775 7 November 1862) was the last of theMughalemperorsinIndia, as well as the last ruler of theTimurid Dynasty. He was the son ofAkbar
Shah IIand Lalbai, who was aHinduRajput. He became the Mughal Emperor upon his
father's death on 28 September 1837. Zafar (Urdu: ), meaning victory[1]was hisnom de plume(takhallus) as anUrdu poet. Even in defeat it is traditionally believed that he
said[2]
Ghzio m b rahegi jab talak imn ki; Takht-e-London tak chalegi tgh
Hindustan ki
As long as there remains the scent of faith in the hearts of our heroes, so long
shall the sword of Hindustan flash before the throne of London
Emperor Bahadur Shah is seen as a freedom fighter (he was Commander-In-Chief of the
mutiny army), fighting for India's independence from the British. As the last ruling memberof the imperialTimurid Dynastyhe was surprisingly composed and calm when Major
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Hodsonpresented decapitated heads of his own sons to him asNowruzgifts. He is famously
remembered to have said.[3][3]
Thanks to Allah, the descendents ofTimuralways come in front of their fathers in
this way.
Zafar's father,Akbar Shah II, ruled over a rapidly disintegrating empire between 1806 to1837. It was during his time that the East India Company dispensed with the illusion of ruling
in the name of the Mughal monarch and removed his name from the Persian texts that
appeared on the coins struck by the company in the areas under their control.
Bahadur Shah Zafar who succeeded him was not Akbar Shah Saanis choice as his successor.Akbar Shah was, in fact, under great pressure by one of his queens, Mumtaz Begum to
declare her son Mirza Jahangir as the successor. Akbar Shah would have probably accepted
this demand but Mirza Jahangir had fallen afoul of the British and they would have none of
this.[citation needed]
Rani laxmi bai
Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi (c.19 November 1835
17 June 1858) (Marathi-), known as Jhansi Ki
Rani, or the queen ofJhansi, was one of the leading figures
of theIndian Rebellion of 1857, and a symbol of resistance
toBritish rulein India. She was the queen of theMaratha-
ruled princely state of Jhansi, situated in the northern part of
India.
[edit]Early life
Originally named Manikarnika and nicknamed Manu, she was born on 19 November 1835 at
Kashi (Varanasi)[1]toMaharashtrian Karhade Brahminfamily, the daughter of Moropant
Tambe and Bhagirathibai Tambe. She lost her mother at the age of four, and was educatedat home. Her father, Moropant Tambe, worked at the court of Peshwa at Bithur, who brought
her up like his own daughter, and called her "Chhabili" for her light-heartedness.
Because of her father's influence at court, Rani Lakshmi Bai had more independence than
most women, who were normally restricted to the zenana. She studied self defence,
horsemanship, archery, and even formed her own army out of her female friends at court.
Tatya Tope who was considered as a nightmare by the British during the 'Great Revolt of
1857' was Lakshmi Bai's tutor. She was married to Raja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, the
['Bold text'
[Maharaja]] of Jhansi in 1842, and became the queen of Jhansi. After theirmarriage, she was given the name Lakshmi Bai.The Raja was very affectionate to her.
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She[2]gave birth to a son Damodar Rao in 1851. However, the child died when he was about
four months old. After the death of their son, the Raja and Rani of Jhansi adopted Anand
Rao. Anand Rao was the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin.He was later renamed as
Damodar Rao. However, it is said that theRajaof Jhansi never recovered from his son's
death, and he died on 21 November 1853.
BecauseAnand Raowas adopted, the East India Company, under Governor-GeneralLord
Dalhousie, had an excuse to apply theDoctrine of Lapse, rejecting Rao's claim to the throne.
Dalhousie then annexed Jhansi, saying that the throne had "lapsed" and claimed the right to
put Jhansi under his protection. In March 1854, she was given a pension of 60,000 rupees
and ordered to leave the palace and the Jhansi fort.
Nanasaheb PeshwaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to:navigation,search
For the Nana Saheb of Bithur, seeNana Sahib.
Nanasaheb Peshwe
Peshwa
Reign Maratha Empire
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Titles Balaji Bajirao
Born 8/12/1720
Died 23/6/1761
Vishwasrao
Nanasaheb Peshwa(b.8 Dec. 1721, d. 23 Jun. 1761), also known asBalajiBajirao, was the son ofBajiraofrom his marriage with Kashibai and one ofthePeshwasof the Maratha Empire. He contributed heavily to the development of
the city ofPune,India. He was appointed as Peshwa by ChattrapatiShahuhimself.At time of his death in 1749, the issueless Shahu made the Peshwasthe rulers oftheMaratha Empire.
[edit] Contribution to Pune city
During his 20 year reign (1740 to 1761), Balaji Bajirao completely
transformedPunefrom a nagar into a vast city. He established many newneighbourhoods (calledpeths) like Nana Peth, etc and developed few like Shaniwar
Peth, Ravivar Peth, Somwar Peth, Budhwar Peth. He built the famous Parvatitempleatop a hill that overlooks the city and built the first permanent bridge across
the river Mutha. (That bridge was made of wood, so the new concrete bridge thatstands at the same location today is also called Lakdi Pool or 'the wooden bridge').
He also established a reservoir at the nearby town of Katraj to provide clean
running water to the city. The 250 year old system is still functioning, but parts ofit have been destroyed by careless development.
Tatya TopeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tantya Tope
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Tantya Tope, after his capture in 1859.
Ramachandra Pandurang Tope (1814 18 April 1859), popularly known as Tatya
Tope(Marathi:) (pronounced Toh-pey), was an Indian leader in theIndianRebellion of 1857and one of its finest generals. He was a personal adherent ofNana
Sahibof Kanpur. He progressed with the Gwalior contingent after the British reoccupation of
Kanpur and forced General Windham to retreat from Kanpur. Later on, he came to therescue ofRani Laxmi Bai. However he was defeated by General Napier's British Indian
troops after the betrayal of his trusted friend Man Singh. He was executed by the British
Government atShivpurion 18 April 1859.
[edit]Early life
Born in a village called Yeola inMaharashtra, he was the only son of Pandurang Rao Tope
and his wife Rukhmabai. In 1814, whenJames Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of
Dalhousiedeprived Nana Sahib of his father's pension, Tatya Tope also became a sworn
enemy of the British.[citation needed]
[edit]Role in the 1857 uprising
Main article:Siege of Cawnpore
Tatya Tope wasNana Sahib's close associate and general. During theSiege of Cawnporein
1857, Nana Sahib's forces attacked the British entrenchment atKanpurin June 1857. The
low supplies of food, water and medicine added to the misery of the British Forces who
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decided to surrender in return for a safe passage to Allahabad. Nana Sahib agreed to this
and made arrangements as best as he could. However, under ambiguous circumstances,
the evacuation of the British from Cawnpore turned into a conflict at theSatichaura Ghat.
Though controversy surrounds what exactly happened next at the Satichaura Ghat,[1]and
who fired the first shot,[2]it is known that soon afterwards, the departing British were attacked
by the rebel sepoys. After the conflict began, Tatya Tope allegedly ordered the2nd Bengal
Cavalryunit and some artillery units to open fire on the British.[3]Many of General Wheelers
men were either killed or captured. The surviving British women and children were moved
from the Savada House to Bibighar "the House of the Ladies", a villa-type house in Kanpur.
Nana Sahib decided to use the captives for bargaining with the East India Company.[3]The
Company forces from Allahabad, under the command of GeneralHenry Havelock, advanced
relentlessly towards Cawnpore. Two forces sent by Nana Sahib to check their advance were
defeated. When it became clear that the bargaining attempts had failed, an order was given
to murder the women and children imprisoned at Bibighar, on July 15. The details of the
incident, such as who ordered the massacre, are not clear.[4]The sepoys refused to kill the
captive women and children, but some of them agreed to remove the women and children
from the courtyard, when Tatya Tope threatened to execute them for dereliction of duty.
Begum Hussaini Khanum, the in-charge of Bibighar, termed the sepoys' act as cowardice,
and asked her lover Sarvur Khan to finish the job of killing the captives.[3]Sarvur Khan hired
somebutchers, who murdered the surviving women and children withcleavers.
The Company forces reached Cawnpore on July 16, and captured the city. Both Nana Sahib
and Tatya Tope escaped from the city. While Nana Sahib fled to an unknown place, Tatya
Tope continued the fight against the British. In November 1857, he gathered a large army,
mainly consisting of the rebel soldiers from the Gwalior contingent, to recapture Cawnpore.
By November 19, Tantya Tope's advance guard of 6,000 dominated all the routes west and
north-west of Cawnpore. However, his forces were defeated by the Company forces
underColin Campbellin theSecond Battle of Cawnpore, marking the end of the rebellion in
the Cawnpore area. Tantya Tope then joinedRani Lakshmibai.
Begum Hazrat MahalFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Begum Hazrat Mahal
Begum Hazrat Mahal(Urdu: ),
also known asBegumofAwadh, was the first wife
ofNawabWajid Ali Shah.
[edit]Queen of Awadh
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Her maiden name was Muhammadi Khanum and she was born atFaizabad, Awadh, India[1].
She was a courtesan by profession and had been taken into the royal harem as a Khawasin,
after being sold by her parents to Royal agents[2]. Then promoted to a Pari. She became a
Begum after being accepted as a royal concubine of the King of Oudh.[3], and she was
bestowed the title 'Hazrat Mahal' after the birth of their son,Birjis Qadra.
She was a junior[4]wife of the last Tajdaar-e-Awadh,Wajid Ali Shah. The British had
annexed Oudh in 1856 and Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to Calcutta. After, her husband was
exiled toCalcutta, she took charge of the affairs of the state ofAwadhdespite her divorce
from the Nawab[5], which then was a large part of the current state ofUttar Pradesh,India.
[edit]First War of independence
DuringIndias First War of independence(185758), Begum Hazrat Mahal led a band of her
supporters against theBritish, and was even able to seize the control ofLucknow. She
declared her sonBirjis Qadraas the king of Oudh. When the forces under the command of
the Britishre-captured Lucknowand most of Oudh, she was forced to retreat.
One of the principal complaints of Begum Hazrat Mahal was that theEast India
Companycasually demolished temples and mosques in order to make way for roads.[6]In a
proclamation issued during the final days of the revolt, she mocked the British claim to allow
freedom of worship:[6]
"To eat pigs and drink wine, to bite greased cartridges and to mix pig's fat with sweetmeats,to destroy Hindu and Mussalman temples on pretense of making roads, to build churches, to
send clergymen into the streets to preach the Christian religion, to institute English schools,
and pay people a monthly stipend for learning the English sciences, while the places of
worship of Hindus and Mussalmans are to this day entirely neglected; with all this, how can
people believe that religion will not be interfered with?"
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