BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK

BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK

Halim - 2009

KLASIFIKASI BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK

BMT

HIJAUAN

KONSENTRAT

VITAMIN

MINERAL

ADDITIVE

ENERGI

PROTEIN

SUCCULENT

DRY

Halim - 2009

Halim - 2009

BMT SUMBER ENERGI

1. GRAIN / BUTIRAN1. JAGUNG2. SORGHUM3. WHEAT4. BARLEY, dll

2. AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCT1. BEKATUL2. RICE POLLARD3. WHEAT POLLARD4. DEDAK, dll

3. ROOT / TUBER1. KETELA2. TARO3. UBI, dll

4. OIL1. MINYAK2. LEMAK, dll

Halim - 2009

WHEAT GRAIN FRACTION

ENDOSPERM SEED COATING GERM

TABLEFLOUR

FEEDFLOUR

BRAN ALEURONE

BRAN

POLLARD

MILLRUN

WHEAT GRAIN

Halim - 2009

WHEAT GRAIN:1. BRAN

1. VITAMIN2. PROTEIN

2. GERM1. LEMAK2. VITAMIN LARUT DLM LEMAK3. MINERAL

3. ENDOSPERM1. PATI2. GLUTEN

PROTEIN ENDOSPERM:- ALBUMEN 10% HIGH LYS, ARG, HIS- GLOBULIN 10%- GLIADIN 40% LOW LYS, TRYP- GLUTELIN 40%

Halim - 2009

PART OF GRAIN PROPORTION OF GRAIN, %

THIAMIN

µg/g %PERICARP & ALEURON 5.95 31.0 32.5COVERING TO GERM 0.20 12.0EPIBLAST 0.27 78.0 3.9COLEORHIZA 0.20 94.0 3.5PLUMULE 0.31 46.0 2.7RADICLE 0.17 62.0 2.0SCUTELUM 1.25 189.0 43.9OUTER ENDOSPERM 18.80 1.3 8.8INNER ENDOSPERM 73.10 0.3

FRAKSI BIJI dan KANDUNGAN THIAMIN

Halim - 2009

SUGAR DEXTRINS AVAILABLE CH STARCHES

PECTINSTOTAL CH GUMS HEMICELLULOSES UNAVAILABLE CH or CELLULOSE DIETARY FIBRE CF LIGNIN

DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE FRACTION

Halim - 2009

1. JAGUNG- 7-12% CP AS FED, 9-13% AS DM- 3370 kcal/kg- CRYPTOZANTHIN- FAT: HIGHLY UNSATURATED- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION

2. SORGHUM- 6-16% CP AS FED, 7 -18% AS DM- 3300 kcal/kg- TANNIN- TOLERATE: BROILER 0.1%, LAYER 1%- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION FOR LOW TANNIN

SORGHUM

Halim - 2009

3. ROUGH RICE- 6.8% CP- 2900 kcal/kg- HULL 25%: 40% CF, 11-19% SILICA- SUBSITUTE 50% OF THE GRAIN- LIMITATION: VERY YOUNG STOCK

4. WHEAT- 9.8-18.5% CP AS FED; 11-21% CP AS DM- 2980-3180 kcal/kg- FOR BEST RESULT SHOULD BE COARSELY GROUND- NO LIMITATION

Halim - 2009

5. BROWN RICE and RICE POLISHED- BROWN RICE 8.5% CP; 2860 kcal/kg ME- RICE POLISHED 7.3% CP; 3100 kcal/kg ME- NO LIMITATION TO POULTRY- TOLERATE: BROILER 0.1%, LAYER 1%- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION FOR LOW TANNIN SORGHUM

6. RICE POLLARD- HULL, GERM, BRAN, POLISHING- 8.7%-13.1% CP; 2980 kcal/kg ME- 14-18% FAT LINOLEIC ACID LAYER- GOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN B12- HIGH FAT CONTENT RANCIDITY- INCLUSION 50%

Halim - 2009

7. MILLRUN- CONTAIN: BRAN, ALEURON, FEED FLOUR, GERM- 17.2% CP; 2050 kcal/kg ME- LIMITATION TO VERY YOUNG STOCK- AUTOMATIC FEEDER: BRIDGING- NO NUTRITIONAL LIMITATION, BUT PHYSICAL

8. WHEAT BRAN- CONTAIN: BRAN AND ALEURON- 14.6% CP; 1860 kcal/kg ME- AUTOMATIC FEEDER: BRIDGING, BUT 15% SAFE- INCLUSION: SOW & FINISHER 30%, POULTRY 20%- NOT RECOMMENDED FOR VERY YOUNG STOCK

Halim - 2009

9. WHEAT POLLARD- CONTAIN: BRAN, ALEURON, FEED FLOUR- 15% CP; 2240 kcal/kg ME- LIMITATION TO VERY YOUNG STOCK- AUTOMATIC FEEDER: BRIDGING- NO NUTRITIONAL LIMITATION, BUT PHYSICAL

10. CORN GLUTEN- BY-PRODUCT OF THE WET MILLING OF MAIZE- 64.6% CP; 3800 kcal/kg ME- IMBALANCE AA- LOW PALABILITY- INCLUSION: 5-15%

Halim - 2009

11. CASSAVA ROOT MEAL- 2.5% CP- 2930-3100 kcal/kg- LINAMARIN AND LOTAUSTRALIN- FAT: HIGHLY UNSATURATED- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION ON

CORRECTLY PROCESSED

12. MOLASSES- 21700 kcal/kg- HIGH POTASSIUM DIARHE- 79.5 BRIX 1.39 kg/LITER- INCLUSION: 5%

Halim - 2009

13. FAT- TALLOW SOLID AT 40OC- LARD SOLID AT 20-40OC- OIL LIQUID BELLOW 20OC- 8800 kcal/kg- POLYUNSATURATED CONTENT:

- COCONUT 1%- TALLOW 3%- OLIVE OIL 8%- LARD 10%- PEANUT OIL 30%- SESAME SEED OIL 40%- COTTONSEED 50%- MAIZE GERM OIL 55%- SOYBEAN 60%- SUNFLOWER 65%- RAPESEED 70%- COD LIVER OIL 80%- HERRING OIL 80%

Halim - 2009

SATURATED BUTYRIC ACID C4 : 0

CAPROIC ACID C6 : 0

CAPRYLIC ACID C8 : 0

CAPRIC ACID C10 : 0

LAURIC ACID C12 : 0

MYRISTIC ACID C14 : 0

PALMITIC ACID C16 : 0

STEARIC ACID C18 : 0

ARACHIDIC ACID C20 : 0

MONOSATURATEDPALMITOLEIC ACID C16 : 1

OLEIC ACID C18 : 1

ERUCIC ACID C22 : 1

PUFALINOLEIC ACID C18 : 2

LINOLENIC ACID C18 : 3

ARACHIDONIC ACID C20 : 4

JENIS ASAM LEMAK

Halim - 2009

JENIS PLASMAASAM LEMAK KOLESTEROL TRIGLISERIDA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C8:0-C10:0 N I

C12:0 I N

C14:0 II N

C16:0 II N

C18:0 II I

C18:1 N N

C18:2 D D

OTHER PUFA D D

Halim - 2009

LIPO-

PROTEIN

PROTEIN TRIGLI-SERIDA

CHOLE-STEROL

PHOSPO-LIPID

CHYLIMICRON 2 85 4 9

VERY LOW DENSITY

10 50 22 18

LOW DENSITY 25 10 45 20

HIGH DENSITY 55 4 17 24

KOMPOSISI PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN

Halim - 2009

PAKAN UNGGAS

70-80% BMT SUMBER ENERGI

20-30% BMT SUMBER PROTEIN

10% ADDITIVE, VIT MINERAL MIX

Halim - 2009

1.SUMBER PROTEIN NABATI1.BUNGKIL-BUNGKILAN (OILSEED

MEAL)2.BIJI LEGUMINOSA (LEGUME GRAIN)3.TEPUNG DAUN (GREEN MEAL)4.LAIN-LAIN (MISCELLANEOUS)

2.SUMBER PROTEIN HEWANI1.MARINE PRODUCT2.SLAUGHTER HOUSE BY-PRODUCT3.MILK PRODUCT4.ANIMAL WASTE

Halim - 2009

1. SUMBER PROTEIN NABATI1. BUNGKIL-BUNGKILAN

1. SOYBEAN MEAL2. COTTON SEED MEAL3. GROUNDNUT MEAL4. RAPE SEED MEAL5. SUNFLOWER MEAL6. COCONUT MEAL7. SESAME MEAL8. CASTOR SEED MEAL9. KAPOK SEED MEAL

2. BIJI LEGUMINOSA1. KACANG HIJAU2. KEDELE3. BIJI KECIPIR

3. TEPUNG DAUN1. DAUN LAMTORO2. DAUN UBI JALAR, DLL

4. LAIN-LAIN1. INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCT2. FERMENTATION RESIDUES3. SINGLE CELL PROTEIN

Halim - 2009

2. SUMBER PROTEIN HEWANI1. MARINE PRODUCT

1. FISH MEAL2. SHRIMP MEAL

2. SLAUGHTER HOUSE BY-PRODUCT1. MEAT AND BONE MEAL2. BLOOD MEAL3. HYDROLIZED FEATHER MEAL4. POULTRY BY-PRODUCT MEAL

3. NOVEL FEED1. INSECT2. FLY LARVAE AND PUPAE3. SILKWORM PUPAE4. GRASSHOPPERS5. MORMON CRICKET6. TERMITE7. BEES8. EARTHWORM

4. MILK PRODUCT

Halim - 2009

5.ANIMAL WASTE1.POULTRY WASTE2.POULTRY LITTER3.SWINE WASTE4.CATTLE WASTE

Halim - 2009

PRODUCTION

106 M TON/YEAR

FEEDSTUFF WORLD ASIA MAIN PRODUCING COUNTRIES

SOYABEAN 92.30 15.40 CHINA, INDIA, INDONESIA

COTTON 33.00 16.00 CHINA, INDIA, PAKISTAN

GROUNDNUT 22.80 15.40 INDIA, CHINA

SUNFLOWER 20.90 3.28 CHINA, INDIA, BURMA

COPRA 4.51 3.75 PHIL, INDO, VITNAM

PALM KERNEL 3.08 1.97 MALAY, INDO, CHINA

SESAME 2.25 1.49 CHINA, INDIA, BURMA

RUBBER SEED 1.90 1.80 MALAY, INDIA, PAK, INDO

Halim - 2009

BMT CP ARG MET LYS

JAGUNG 9.0 5.3 1.9 3.0

JAK SEED MEAL 9.5 6.1 2.1 3.0

MILLET 9.5 4.9 4.5 3.1

BREADFRUIT 6.5 5.3 1.4 3.6

DATE 6.5 4.5 1.4 3.1

SORGHUM 11.0 4.1 1.7 2.6

MILLET PROSO 11.5 4.1 4.1 2.6

Halim - 2009

OIL SEED MEAL

MECHANICAL PRESSING SOLVENT EXCTRACTED

- 5-10% FAT- HIGHER ENERGY- OVER 140OC

- DESTROY AA- LOWER AA AVAILABILITY- PROT-REDUCING SUGAR- LYS, ARG, THRE, LEU, TRYP

- <2% FAT- LOWER ENERGY

Halim - 2009

1.SOYBEAN MEAL- 40-48% CP- 2200-2400 Kkal- BALANCED AA- ANTI NUTRITIONAL FACTOR

2.COTTONSEED MEAL- 100 kg FIBER160 kg SEED- 52% MEAL, 23% HULL, 17% OIL, 8% LINTERS- 38% CP- 2000 Kkal- LOWER LYS 4.2%- GOSSYPOL- 0.16% LAYER, 0,07% BROILER- MACHANICAL 0.02-0.05% - SOLVENT 0.04-0.40%- SAFETY FACTOR 0.3%

A. OILSEED MEAL

Halim - 2009

3.GROUNDNUT MEAL- 44-47% CP, 13% CF, 7% FAT- 2300 Kkal- LOWER LYS- TANNIN

4.COCONUT MEAL- 35-40% RENDEMENT- 20-22% CP, 14% CF, 18% FAT- LOWER LYS, 3%- 2000 Kkal- 20-24% INCLUSION

Halim - 2009

5.KAPOK SEED MEAL- 30% CP, 18% CF, 6% FAT- 1300 Kkal- LOW LYS 4.2%, HIGH TYR 6.7%- CYCLOPROPENOID ACID YOLK COLOR- TANNIN- GOOD RUMINANT FEED- INCLUSION 10% FOR POULTRY

6.RUBBER SEED MEAL- 26% CP, 9% CF, 10% FAT- 2100 Kkal- LOWER LYS, 3.6%- HCN, 20-40mg/kg (FRESH SEED 1200-2000mg/kg)- <20% INCLUSION- REDUCE FERTILITY, HATCHABILITY, DELAY SEXUAL

MATURITY

Halim - 2009

7. SESAME MEAL- 40% CP, 8% CF, 6% FAT- 2000 Kkal- LOWER LYS, HIGH MET, CYS, TRYP- Ca 1,3%- OXALATE 35mg/100g, PHYTATE 5g/100g- INCLUSION 15%

8. SUNFLOWER MEAL- 36-40% CP, 13% CF, 8% FAT- LOWER LYS, 3.9%- 2100 Kkal- CHLOROGENIC ACID

Halim - 2009

9. PALM KERNEL MEAL- 19-21% CP, 15% CF, 8% FAT- 1900 Kkal- LOWER LYS 3.6%, HIGH SAA- Ca 0,3%- PHYSICALLY DRY AND GRITTY- INCLUSION LOW- REPLACEMENT OF 30% COCONUT/GROUNDNUT

10. CASTOR SEED MEAL- 35% CP, 20% CF, 6% FAT- LOWER LYS, 3%- ME NA- SUPPLY UP TO 40% CP IN DIET- ANTINUTRITIONAL

- RICIN- RICININ- CASTORBEAN ALLERGEN

Halim - 2009Surisdiarto - BMT - Sumber protein

B. GRAIN LEGUMEGENERAL:

- HUMAN CONSUMPTION- IN ASIA 20 KIND OF GRAIN CULTIVATED- OFF-GRADE: SMALL, DISCOLOURED, SHRUNKEN,

DAMAGED- MODERATE PROTEIN SOURCE 20-25%- 2600-3000 Kkal- HIGH LYS, LOW MET, MARGINAL TRYP- HAVING HIGH COMPLMENTARY VALUE- ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTOR:

- PROTEASE INHIBITOR- CYANOGENS- HAEMAGGLUTININS- GOITROGENS- TANNINS- SAPONIN- ALKALOID- MINERAL BINDING FACTOR- ANTI VITAMIN- TOXIC AA- LATHYROGEN

Halim - 2009

C. GREEN MEALGENERAL:

- HIGH MODERATE CP CONTENT 21-30% - HIGH Ca, TRACE MINERAL, VITAMIN- BETA CAROTEN AND XANTHOPHYL- HIGH LYS- POORLY DIGESTED CP- LOW SAA- HIGH CF, PRESENCE TANNIN- LOWER ME- DUSTINESS- BULKY- INCLUSION 5%

Halim - 2009

C. GREEN MEAL1. CASSAVA LEAF MEAL:

- 21-30% CP, 20% CF, 5% FAT- 1800 Kkal- HCN- INCLUSION < 10%

2. LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL:- 22% CP, 15% CF, 4% FAT- 900 Kkal- MIMOSINE 3-HYDROXY-4(1H)-PYRIDONE

- MIMOSINE ALLEVIATION: FERRIC SULPHATE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL

- INCLUSION < 5%- DEPRESSES GROWTH & EGG PRODUCTION

Halim - 2009

C. GREEN MEAL3. SWEET POTATO VINE MEAL:

- 14-19% CP, 23% CF, 3.5% FAT- 1500 Kkal- NO ANTINUTRITIONAL- GOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN & MINERAL- INCLUSION < 10%

4. AQUATIC PLANT MEAL:- 35-65% CP, 6-10% CF, 2-5% FAT, 25-50% ASH- 600-1700 Kkal- HIGH WATER CONTENT- INCLUSION < 5%

Halim - 2009

GENERAL:- PLANT PROTEIN:

- NUTRITIONALLY IMBALANCED- NOT MEET CERTAIN CRITICAL AA, VIT B12

- ANIMAL PROTEIN:- NUTRITIONALLY BALANCED- SOURCES OF THE FLAA AND SAA

- FISH MEAL AND MEAT MEAL ARE MOST WIDELY USED- ALL ASIAN COUNTRIES: IMPORTERS- THAILAND, INDIA, PAKISTAN- 4 LARGEST FISH PROD COUNT: JAPAN, CHINA, INDIA, AND SOUTH KOREA


1. FISH MEAL- CP VARIES- LOCAL: 40%-50% CP- SOURCE OF Ca, P, TRACE- 2880 Kkal- UNIDENTIFIED GROWTH FACTOR- LEGAL SALT 3-7% (THOUGH 15% EXIST)- ADULTERATION- OVER HEATED: HISTIDINE-PROTEIN INTERACTIONGIZEROCIN- FISHY TAINT TO MEAT AND EGG

Halim - 2009

2. MEAT MEAL and MEAT BONE MEAL- EXCLUSIVE: HAIR, HOOF, HORN, HIDE TRIMMING, BLOOD, STOMACH CONTENT- MAINLY BONE AND ASSOCATE TISSUE: TENDON, LIGAMENT, SKELETAL MUSCLE, GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, LUNG, CONDEMNED LIVER- 20-60% BONE- MEAT MEAL: >55%CP, <4.4%P- MBM: <55% CP, >4.4% P-MAJOR PROTEIN IN BONE, CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CARTILAGE, AND TENDON IS COLLAGEN- COLLAGEN CONTAIN NO TRYPTOPHAN->50-65% PROTEIN IN MM IS COLLAGEN

Halim - 2009

3. BLOOD MEAL- 1000 kg LIVEWEIGHT 6 kg BLOOD MEAL- > 80% CP, RICH IN LYS, DEF IN ILEU, HIGH LEU- LOW PALABILITY, LOW AVAILABILITY OF LYS- INCLUSION 5%

4. HYDROLIZED FEATHER MEAL- ALMOST PURE PROTEIN OVER 95% CP- KERATIN COMPLETELY INDIGESTIBLE (DISULPHITE BOND)- 85% CP, RICH IN CYS, DEF IN LYS- OVERALL AA AVAILABILITY 65%- WITH SUPLY OF MET & LYS COULD REPLACE 40% OF DIET’S

CP


5. POULTRY BY PRODUCT MEAL- VISCERA, HEAD AND FEET, EMPTY INTESTINE- 60% CP, 16% ASH- CP QUALITY LOWER THAN FM, BUT COMPARABLE TO MM- RICH IN CHOLINE- INCLUSION 5%

6. MILK PRODUCT- GOOD SOURCE OF AA- REMEMBER POULTRY UNABLE TO UTILIZE LACTOSE- BACTERIAL ORIGEN LACTASE MAY EXIST IN INTESTINE- INCLUSION 3-5%- 16% IN BROILER NO ADVERSE EFFECTS

Halim - 2009

7. ANIMAL WASTES- 2 kg HEN 60-65 FRESH WASTE- 650 kg COW 12 TON WASTE- 80 kg PIG 1200 kg WASTE- SPECIES AFFECT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION- CP VARIES, ABANDON NPN (50-65%)- HIGH ASH CONTENT- LOW ME

8. NOVEL SOURCES- HIGH CP CONTENT (42-76%)- CHITINE ( N-ACETYL-GLOCOSAMINE)- CHECK FOR FIBER CONTENT- CHECK FOR FAT CONTENT- INCLUSION VARIES

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BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK