TENSES (PEMBAGIAN WAKTU)

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (+) S +Verb + O/C (-) S + do + not + verb + O/C (?) Do + S + Verb1 + O/C

Time Signal : always, generally, seldom, usually, often, sometimes, ever/never.

Example : + I study english every Saturday.

- I don’t study english every Saturday.

? Do You study english every Saturday ?

2. Simple Past Tense (+) S + V2 + O/C (-) S + did + not + V1 + O/C (?) Did + S + V1 + O/CTime signal : …ago, yesterday, last…Example :(+) I went to Menado last week.(-) I did not go to Menado last week.(?) Did You go to Menado last week ?

3. Present Continous Tenses

(+) S + to be (am, is, are ) + Ving + O/C (-) S + to be (am, is, are ) + not + Ving +

O/C (?) To be (am, is, are ) + S + Ving + O/C

Time Signal : now, rightnow, at present, at moment.

Example :(+) We are reading a newspaper at present.(-) We are not reading a newspaper at

present.(?) Are We reading a newspaper at

present ?

4. Past Continous Tenses

(+) S + to be (was/were) + Ving + O/C (-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Ving

+ O/C (?) to be (was/were) + S + Ving + O/CTime signal : while, after, beforeExample :(+) I was watching TV when He came.(-) I was not watching TV when He came.(?) Was You watching TV when He came?

5. Present Future Tense

(+) S + shall/will + V1 + O/C (-) S + shall/will + V1 + O/C (?) Shall/Will + S + V1 + O/CTime signal : next, tomorrow, to night.Example :(+) We will go to Surabaya next week.(-) We will not go to Surabaya next

week.(?) Will We go to Surabaya next week?

6. Past Future (+) S + should/would + V1 + O/C (-) S + should/would + not + V1 + O/C (?) Should/Would + S + V1 + O/CExample :(+) Yudi would go to Bali next month.(-) Yudi would not go to Bali next month.(?) Would Yudi go to Bali next month?

7. Present Perfect Tense (+) S + have/has + V3 + O/C

(-) S + have/has + not + V3 + O/C (?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O/CTime signal : since, for, already, just.Example :(+) I have stayed in Pringsewu since 20 years

ago.(-) I have not stayed in Pringsewu since 20

years ago.(?) Have You stayed in Pringsewu since 20

years ago?

8. Past Perfect Tense (+) S + had + V3 + O/C (-) S + had + not + V3 + O/C (?) Had + S + V3 + O/CTime signal : by the…Example :(+) I had taken a bath by the time Rani

arrived.(-) I had not taken a bath by the time Rani

arrived.(?) Had You taken a bath by the time Rani

arrived?

Conditional Sentences

Type 1• Main Clause : Present Future Tense

S + will/shall + V1 + O/C

• If Clause : Simple PresentS + V1 + O/C

Example:I will go to Bali, if I have a holiday.If you call him, he will come here.

Type 2Type 2 Main Clause : Past Future

S + should/would + V1 + O/C If Clause : Simple Past Tense

S + V2 + O/CExample :I would buy a new house if I won the lottery.She would go Bali if She had much money.

Type 3

• Main Clause : Past Future PerfectS + should/would + have + V3

• If Clause : Past PerfectS + had + V3 + O/C

Example :If I had been a president I would have built

many school.You would have passed your final exam if you

had studied.

PASSIVE VOICEACTIVE SENTENCES PASSIVE SENTENCES

1. Simple PresentS + V1 + O

1. Simple Present S + to be ( am,is,are) + V3 + O

2. Present ContinousS + to be (am,is,are) + Ving + O

2. Present ContinousS + to be (am,is,are) + being + V3 + O

3. Simple PastS + V2 + O

3. Simple PastS + to be (was/were) + V3 + O

4. Past ContinousS + to be (was/were) + Ving + O

4. Past ContinousS + to be ( was/were) + V3 + O

5. Present FutureS + shall/will + V1 + O

5. Present FutureS + shall/will + be + V3 + O

6. Past FutureS + should/would + V1 + O

6. Past FutureS + should/would + be + V3 + O

7. Present PerfectS + have/has + V3 + O

7. Present PerfectS + have/has + been + O

8. Past PerfectS + had + V3 + O

8. Past PerfectS + had + been + V3 + O

ExampleSimple PresentActive : He borrows the history book from the libraryPassive : The history book is borrowed by him from the

library

Present ContinousActive : You are washing the new dressesPassive : The new dresses are being washed by You

Simple PastActive : I saw You in the bus yesterdayPassive : You was seen by me yesterday

Past ContinousActive : You were studying english when Ina camePassive : English was being studied by You when Ina

came

ExamplePresent FutureActive : We will invite You on Lina’s partyPassive : You will be invited on Lina’s party

Past FutureActive : He wouldn’t give me a new dressPassive : A new dress wouldn’t be given to me by him

Present PerfectActive : They have sold the new old housePassive : The old huose has been sold by them

Past PerfectActive : Mr. Tanu had built the new company for 2

yearsPassive : The new company had been built by Mr. Tanu

for 2 years

ELLIPTICAL + + Sentence + and + S + aux. verb +

too Sentence + and + so + aux. verb + S

- - Sentence + and + S + aux. verb +

not + either Sentence + and + neither + aux.

verb + S + - and - +Sentence + but + S + aux. verb + not Sentence + but + S + aux. verb

Example I like classical music Benny like classical music I like classical music and Benny does too I like classical music and so does Benny

My sister didn’t visit that museum last holiday Tari didn’t visit that museum last week My sister didn’t visit that museum last holiday

and Tari didn’t either My sister didn’t visit that museum last holiday

and neither did Tari

Budi has worked in this office for 3 years Ella hasn’t worked in this office for 3 years Budi has worked in this office for 3 years but ella

hasn’t

ExampleMr. Tedi doesn’t know that wordFeri knows that word Mr, Tedi doesn’t know that word but

Feri does

CONDITIONAL SENTENSE(Kalimat Pengandaian))

Conditional clouse / if clouse

- Main clouse (induk kalimat)

- Sub clouse (anak kalimat)

•There are 3 types of conditional

1.Type 1 / future conditional

2.Type 2/ present counditional

3.Type 3/ past counditional

Main clouse

Type 1: present future

(s+shall/

will+V1+O)

Type 2: past future

(s+should/

would+V1+o)

Type 3:past future

perfeck

(s+should/

would+have+V3+o

Sub clouse

type 1:simple

presenttense

(if+s+V1+o)

Type 2:simple past

tense

(if+s+V2+o)

Type 3:past perfect

(if+s+had+V3+o)

Example :

1. If I...... (have) the time, I......(go) to bali

a. If I have the time, will go bali

b. If I had the time, I would go to bali

c. If I had the time, I would have gone to bali

2. You would buy a new car if you ... (gat) enough money

( you would buy a new car if you got enough money )

3.The teacher ...(explain) that lessen if the student ask him

( the teacher w ill explain that lessen if the student ask him

4.If tomy .... (be) here yesterday he would have adviced me

( if the had been here yesterday he would have adived me

S O

I USYOU Me

HE YourSHE him

her

• Active Sentences

1. Simple present s+V1+O2. Present countinous s+tobe(was/har)+ving+o3. Simple past s+V2+o4.Past countinouse s+tobe(was/were)+ving+o

• Possitive Sentence

1.Simple presents+tobe(is,am.are)

+V3+o2. Present countinouse s+tobe(is,am,are)+being+V3+o3. Simple past s+tobe(was/were)+v3+o4. Past countinouse s+tobe(was/were)+beng+v3+o

DEGRESS OF COMPARISON(Tingkat perbandigan)

There are 3 types of comarison :

1.Positive degress ( tingkat perbandigan biasa

is,as...as

2.Comperative degress (tigkat pebandigan

lebih than....

3.Superative degress (tingkat perbandigan

paling the...

Adjective possitive comperative superlative degree degree degree

a.1 atau 2 _ + Er + Est suku kata tall tall taller tallest short short shorter shortest high high higher highest easy easy easier easiest cheap cheap cheaper cheapest

b. Lebihn dari 2 _ +more +mostsuku katabeautiful beautiful more beautiful most beautifulexpensive expensive more expensive most expensivecareful careful more careful most carefuldiligent diligent more diligent most diligentduickly duickly more duickly most duiclyslowly slowly more slowly most slowly

Example :

a.As the subyek

• mr tedy is a manager mr. Tedy who is very tall is a

manager

he is very tall

b.As the obyek

• the lady is my secretary the lady whom you saw

at the party

you saw her at the party is my secretary

c.As the possesive

• mrs rany entered the room mrs rany whose bag is red

entered the room

har bag is red

• the computer is mine the computer of which monitor

is

it’s monior is color clor is mine

QUESTION TAQ

• short question which takes place in the and sentence

Statemen question taqa) + -b) - +c)Kalimat ajakan shall wed)Kalimat perintah will you

Example : s+p+o+aux verb+ not+s s+p+not+aux verb +s

Kalimat ajakanlet’s us goto the movie, shall we ? let’s me come to your house, shall we /Kalimat perintahOpen the door, will you ?Clouse the book, ill you