- 1. TRNG I HC NNG LM TP HCM B MN CNG NGH HA HC CHNG 7CNG NGH MNG
LC2011
2. GiI THIU CHUNG CNGTHM THUL THUYTNGHNGC, SIMNG LC MNG U LC,
VILC LCCC LOI MNG2 3. T S T NG RING ng c - membrane m u - osmosis
ch m (c trong) permeate m u c (reverse osmosis -(filtrate) RO)chc
retentate (concentrate) c nano (nanofiltration NF)Dungch
solutionSiuc (ultrafiltration UF):Dng lu cht ban u feed Vi c -
(microfiltration MF)c vung c (dead-end filtration)c pn (crossflow
filtration)c - filtration3 4. I. IM VNH LC MNG ng c on ngn ch a c
pha, n ch s n n quaia c ctt ch nc. uc ing c khng ing Mangn ch m/dng
Trung a vn ch nhnn t t qua ng: Do t n ng Do ng Do p t4 5. C CH C
NG-PHNG PHP LC TIP TUYN(CROSSFLOW FILTRATION) ng y theo 2ng : vung
c va p n i b t ang Permeate (filtrate) ngm(c trong) = ng nm i quang
Retentate ng c c ( ch c) = ng ng n m khng i qua ng. 5 6. PHNIC NHC
NG c nh a t n ch ( ch c phn t,c nha ly, n ca c phn t)ng cn c t
quang c nh i ng chc a cn t so i ch c a l c.U M A CNG NGHNG C Cng
ngh ch va d n nh th thay th c u nh a lynng: c, chngt,trao i iono ra
nm t ng cao n i cho c t kng hngnh linh t cao6 7. NG DNG CA K THUT
MNG LC CNTP:lc trong/x l nc ung c c nc tri cy, sa CNMT: x l nc
thikh ng va m m c,kh u va c t u c a tan CNSH: thu hoch sinh khic c/
phn tch t bo protein CNHH: tch du, trch ly du tch mui loi kim loi
nng thu hi cht xc tc Y hc: c c cht khng sinh trong dung mi hu c7 8.
II. PHN I NG CPhni theou u c ngngcu c tngngPhni theo nh ng ng ngnh
truPhn i theo n ngu c (polymer) t a cng v c (ceramic)8 9. C NHAT
SINGCMng hu cMng v cCellulose acetate (CA)Polyamide Polysulfone
Ceramic Tmax (oC) 35 40 Tmax (oC) 50 Tmax (oC) Tmax (oC) 350 pH = 3
8 pH= 3 1175 pH= 0,5 13 a c, m n hn i pH =1 13 tr i c ang nh l
cchlorine n i t nh acid, m,th dao ng t ng permeate
dchlorinechlorine ng t ncn u p c kha d v gia nh pm gia nh cao, m n
i c t ky c ng nh l maoy a cng p nhn n (d> 10-2 m)chlorine, d phn
y sinh c9 10. I LNG C TRNG CA MNG LC ng knh l mao dn Mt mao dn: t l
phn trm gia tng din tch mt ct cc ng mao dn trnton b din tch b mt
mng xp: t l phn trm gia tng th tch cc ng mao dn v th tch mng Kh nng
chu nhit Kh nng chu dung mi bn sinh hc v trng dy tro: hm lng tro
tnh theo phn trm so vi tng khi lng cht kh trongmng Tnh a nc/ k nc
chit: t l phn trm gia hm lng cht chit c so vi tng lng cht khtrong
mng. chit th hin mc tinh sch ca mng. Kh nng phn ring Tc qua mng ca
dng permeate10 11. YU T NH HNG N NNG SUT LC Dng lu cht ban u: nng ,
thnh phn, kch thc phn t, in cccc phn t, nht, pH c tnh, cu to ca mng
lc: a nc, k nc. Tng tc ions, in cc gia lu cht ban u v mng lc iu kin
vt l, ng lc hc ca qu trnh: p sut qua mng, vn tc lc,nhit Yu cu cht
lng ca dch sau khi lc (permeate)11 12. MT S I LNG C TRNG CHO QU
TRNH LC1.Vn tc tip tuyn Uc (m/s):Uc = Q/ SQ lu lng dch c
(retentate) (l/h)S din tch mng lc (m2)2. Hng s Reynolds (Re) Re =
Uc*p*d/ *T - nht ca lu cht ban u(Pa.s)p- khi lng ring ca lu cht ban
u (kg/m3)d ng knh trong ca mng (m)3. nh lut Darcy ti thi im tJo =
Ptm/ *Rm = Lp * Ptm Rm= 32*X/e*d2Jo dng thm (l.h-1.m-2) hoc m.s-1
(1m .s-1=3,6.10-6 l.h-1.m-2)Ptm p sut qua mng (bar hoc atm)Rm tr
khng ni ti ca mng (m-1)Lp tnh thm nc ca mngX b dy ca mng (m)d ng
knh l lc (m)e rng ca mng (m) 12 13. III. C PHNG P C NG 13 14. Gia
nh i ngRO> NF>UF>MF14 15. nh u c mng lc i ngVi c Vi p i
ngCellulose nitrateorMicrofiltration(symmetric microporous)acetate,
polyvinylidene(MF)difluoride (PVDF),polyamides,
polysulfone,polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)Siu c Vi p khng i
ngPolysulfone,Ultrafiltration(Asymmetric microporous)
polypropylene, PTFE,(UF)polyvinyl chloride (PVC) c nanoThin-film
membrane Cellulose acetate, aromaticNanofiltration(NpolyamideF) m u
c Asymmetic skin-typeCellulose acetate, aromaticReverse osmosis
polyamide(RO) 15 16. 1.VI C (MICROFILTRATION MF) ch lc ngn t ch c,
phn t i kh n so vi cc qutrnh mng khc nh: c vin, vi sinh t, c t l ng
kha nho, cphn t phn t ng n, c t sn trong cng ngh sn phun..kchthc ca
cc phn t ny d = 0,1 10 m 2.SIU C (ULTRAFILTRATION UF) S dng mng hoc
phn tch dng cht lng hoc loi cc phn tha tan c trong dng. Loi tr vi
khun, mt vi loi protein, thuc nhum v cc c cht cphn t lng ln hn
10.000dalton, v cc ht c kch t 10-1000. Hiu qu UF ph thuc vo khi lng
ca phn t mun tch v kchthc ca chng UF rt hu hiu trong vic loi b cc
hp cht hu c.16 17. 3.LC NANO (NANOFILTRATION NF) S dng mng tch dng
cht lng hoc cc phn t cht c trongdng. C kh nng gi cc phn t ng, mui
kim loi ha tr II, vi khun,proteins, cc hp cht hu c v cc hp cht v c
,cc phn t ha tanc khi lng phn t ln hn 1000daltons. Hiu qu ca NF chu
nh hng bi in tch phn t, cc ht c intch cng ln th cng d b gi li. M U
C (REVERSE OSMOSIS -RO)Loi b cc loi ion ,vi sinh vt, khong cht, ng,
protein, thucnhum, c bit l cc mui v c (phn t lng 150-250 daltons,
kchthc 1-10) Sn xut nc tinh khit ng chai Ti s dng (lc li) nc tiu ca
cc nh du hnh v tr thnh ncung trn cc trm v tr Lc nc bin thnh nc ngt
17 18. C CH CA M UC (REVERSE OSMOSIS -RO):m u (osmosis):mu c
(reverse osmosis):18 19. 19 20. GinonQU TRNHPHNRINGBNGMEMBRANELin
tc 21. QU TRNH PHN RING GIN ONa. M hnh hi lu ton phn retentate1- bn
nguyn liu2- bm nguyn liu3- thit b lc4- thit b membrane5- van iu
chnh6- thit b trao i nhit 22. QU TRNH PHN RING GIN ONb. M hnh hi lu
mt phnretentate1- bn nguyn liu2- bm nguyn liu3- bm hi lu4- thit b
membrane 23. QU TRNH PHN RING LIN TCa. M hnh n gin1- bn nguyn liu2-
bm nguyn liu3- thit b membrane 24. QU TRNH PHN RING LIN TCb. M hnh
hi lu mt phnretentateretentate1- bn nguyn liu2- bm nguyn liu3- bm
hi lu4- thit b membrane 25. QU TRNH PHN RING LIN TCc. M hnh nhiu
giai on1- bn nguyn liu2- bm nguyn liu3- bm hi lu4- thit b
membrane5- van iu chnh 26. M HNHNG THIT B M HNHM HNH CUNSI MEMBRANE
XON M HNHBNG/ TM 27. 1.M HNH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)d =12,5 75 mml =
0,6 6,4 m27 28. 1.M HNH NG (TUBULAR MODULE) 28 29. 1.M HNH NG
(TUBULAR MODULE) 29 30. M HNH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)d =2,5 12,7
cm d =0,2 3 mml = 18 120 cmd =0,04 mm50 3000 si30 31. M HNH SI
(HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)31 32. M HNH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)32 33. M
HNH BNG/TM (PLATE MODULE)33 34. M HNH CUN XON (SPIRAL - WOUND
MODULE)34 35. 35
