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OMAN- &Tz :z+:z YEVEN

I Economic pol* affeding the Region. & Counterdrug pokes and efforts.

w IIh W i l statements and policies wfiih are significant and/av of interest to the AOR. #.r Military updates, including Deparbnent of Defenserelated r e k m .

What's more, there is a searchable database by calegory, going bad a year, so you can customize searcher on speEiru

Additionally, he site is interadhe. You can prowide feedback on amtles request addilional informaln, w even provide link, to dated m c e s . All ywr need to access the artides is a valid email address where p u can receive notikath of updais.

All of thi information is wailable in both English and Spanish, so t h ~ e is na delay in trambting artidw or pdKles for dirtri. bution with your Parlner Nation counterparts, your superiorr, or anyone el% wha can benefihfr.~ current information.

Contents

The Salvadoran Army and its new national and international roles ............................. .2

WHINSEC Commitment To Unify Peace Operations Doctrine ................................ -7

2004 Calendar ......,.......................,........ .Center

ReSa~lkmyrdknsvrI#ti#lol ad h h w h m l role 2

Staff

Editor in Chief Wtlfredo Montes

Research, editing, wrltlngt translation, design, and pre-press Allen Wayne, LTD.

General James T. Hill Commander

The Forum of the Americas: Dihlogo is a professional military magazine published quarterly by the Commander of the United States Southern Command as an interna- tional forum for military personnel in Latin America. The opinions exp- in this magazine do not necessariv represent the policii or points of view of this command nor of any other agency of the United Sbtes towrnment We welcome letters to the editor. We appreciate your opinions about Di6logo and the articles in this issue. Please address your letters to Dialogo, United States Southern Command, 351 1 NW 91 st Avenue, Miami, Florida 331 72, U.S.A. Some articles have been edited because of space limitations. Unless otherwise indicated, photographs were obtained from the United States military. Reproduction or publication of arti- cles from Oiilogo is permitted. The editor requests notification of such use and a copy of the published arti- cle. Note, however, that to reproduce or rewrite articles in Di61ogo that are copyrighted, you will need to obtain permission from the original source.

I BY CoL Salvador A. Giralt Barraza -. . . .. , . -. , . - * = L L -3 -3-

; , . + . - - 3- -= . , in world, the only" -' 7 k sure of is that ust constantly adavt

h to the changes going on around them, The Salvadoran Army has - proven itself to be one of the mosl

. ... . <- - - - .

flexible institutions in recent years, accommodating to the dierent n: and requirements history has demanded of it. So, in the 1980s, with the impetus of a guerrilla war strongly backed by foreign elements, the Army had to change its mode c operation from one of convention&= warfare requiring the movem large units, with all their support components, to units-!%& were highly-mobile, vety fast, and - . - -

'. . -.: .. . - - .

battalion-sized with respect to their - -. . .- :- .- - . ,

. - - .

- - . . . - ;;. - - - , . - =a .-..-

armaments as well as combat and J support components. . With the end of the Cold War, On

C - .: - thelatei98Osandeady199€h.Ihe -

wars of liberation lost their mmue . . . . :=?- ; L z . - , c -.. - -;--- -

, - -?-- . :..---,-- -<?=-:%-. / . - . abng wlth their intertlatlonal syp . . - - ---.:-:=..

- . -- - -- - ;,:: -- . - .-

, - - ..- . ..- --- 1 . ..*- - -- .- -- - 3- -. .

- >

. 2-, port. Thus, the Salvadam Army, tlke - . .. - ;- many o h r Latin Amerim amri~,, - returned to its traditional &-as

guardian of the sovw&g"ty a d ten!- - torial integd%yof the Stale, contribu-

tor to national development, and 8 actor In support of government i d z' -3 tutions during emegencies or natu- ?+ ral disasters, being calied upon more 3!, w- often in the 1-1: role. 8 S b & r - .

located in the Circumpacifie Wt of _, fire, a vo tcanic m e :extending from Lz Alaska to Tierra #el F q o in south-. ?:-

- ern Argentina and Chile. t is also -- ?-,i+: : .-+ . located near the Cocos a d .=A+= :. -- F L .

: ' Caribbean tectonic plates, which makes it very prone to e a a

-

-

- - _-- , " - - -- -= . +*.: -. -; - .

(akhtaran

'I Basra L IRAN

PAKISTAN

4 SoWisrs from he Dminium RepuMir are in roarte to impact the Iraqi C o ~ c r l Bank. --

- e - ;-= . =-:. -a

a - ; z +. :-.-y--- -. .: . - - -. - - - -

This information provides a frame of reference for explaining the Salvadoran Army's important role in

i responding to natml disasters, as was amply demonstrated during the

! floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in ! 1 998 and the earthquakes of fanuary

and February 2001, This special geo- graphic circumstance underscores the Army's ability to adapt its organiza- tion to confront various natural or man-made disasters while simultane- ously fulfilling its traditional constitu-

t - tional mission, described above, and '. - cooperating in tasks aimed a t helping I: the general public and bolstering

As we said earlier, in this world of unexpected change and unpre- dictable circumstances, it tecomes difficult to gauge in what capacity and under what modalities the Army will be cated upon to a a either internally or externally. The new threats, such as drug trafficking, ter- rorism, international trafficking in i l k gal immigrants, and organized crime, all added to the traditional ethnic, religious, economic, political, and social problems, a h g with border tensions, can crea& tmtabittty in emerging or -ping democratic regimes. In thii respect, the terrible

k . national security and dwelopm&t. attacks of September 1 1,2001 point

I

to the institutional weakness we face in attempting to combat these threats, among which terrorism stands out.

El Safvzldor defined its position from the very start of this crisis, ma k- ing the fight against terrorism a national security prioriv, since it is clear that we cannot aspire to sus- tainabie development without addressing such threats. Hence, and in support of UN Security Council Ez Resolution 1 373, which calls on all States to prevent and suppress t e r r o r s ism in all its manifestations, a new %S m change looms on the hotiton: the H opportunity to partkipate in opera- @ =

mtbnal secsrrlty as set of ongo- ing a & m whkh the State b r lq ~ T n o r $ a r t u ~ t e & ~ c w d - thgs ~ ~ D Y c ~ ~ i n&maWl WtMs, disturbances of tfw put,Hc wee, natutkl disasters, and the vul. ne&&klts-that limk m&imal dewl- opmerif and j e o p a h a c h i m t d the national o b j . " These

1 - -, set fwth in Artkle 2 of the 4

3, To help malntain intematlanal bc-peace and security - -

w n r *th these objaives, u, ji!vador ir-$u&kng the United States, &ndkicj A a con tingent of

+. p o p s tg !mq to help with recon- fructian. That unit, the CuscaqSn Batlation, with .I 0 mior afficers, I4 junior oflicers,_B noncorilrnisiond offlcep, a?In$3T1 sPfde~i for-a total

- - - ---'

- , . i authorities. The --tterlion shipped out on -&gust 12, 2003 for Zaragm, Spain, for jdnt training with troops from the athSt0untries in the International

Division, including Greece, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Rumania, the Philippine% - - Hungary, Spain, Poland, the fgsl Dominican Republic, Honduras, - -F

Nicaragua. A second phase, in Kuwait, will provide additional train-

I

ing while allowing the troops time to become acclimatized to desert ter- rain. At that time the troops will also receive the equipment they will need to face any chemical, biobgiil, h c - teriolqical, or mdiologlcal thqat that may present itwtf ss they @myout their assigned work.

The spec*& a m af m e s wlll be in the vicinity of Ibn Naw. Logistical and admin'Wdw support will be supplied by the Spanish and Polish contingents. This mission has special meaning for the Salvadom forces, since it involves a new organi- tation and mode of operation in the international arena - this being the first time El Salvador has partidpatm' -u in an operation of this kind, facinl once again, the continuing of adapting;- -

As events &old,'the Salvadaw troops in ~raq will kmonstmte G their fellow countrymen an&.m ea alike their versatility&# b to operate in

race, colq c d , and nationality make no difference as they work to - make this world a safer place for M

future genmtions, Our hats are off to them.

I COMMITMENT TO - -

, UNIFY PEACE

rs no secret that the modern workl is fraught with rapid change. A person, wed group,

or institution that forgets this rum the risk .of fairing Mhd; sucial hange and policy will have new life

thank to many tactmobgbl advances. Accekmtcd scientific and technical progress will lead to mew fqter change in the near futurr;; $Ic great powers are in frank competition to be in the vanguard d this pme55. This rwribEimd combination of fa- Wi-s is paving the way for a dflerent

- ip the twenty-first century. It ms agaLnSt this backdrop that

f the "After Actia-

During the practical p seminar, and under the excel leadership of Major jos6 Neg employed a different approach the evaluation process, which i valuable toot for generating active discussion and participation by al . Thk atypical methodology helped the different delegations feel at

hqme, albwvmg them to steer their actions and make better dWons in complyitng with the specific mandate of achieving the peace which tr so nkcessary and sought-after in the fic- titious country of MSTAN.

This type of academic activity heips us provide feedback to each participant and establish and bcus the lessons learned. That. in turn.

mwm jwr f u t w $bdtb $(3k4@m@

snd axDuqp &~ient-&5& ' tiwe w k , conddating :2fieindi'@Ei ent rninioa, ta*, a& Pm~i&S;&g$s i n ~ ~ ~ m a n t ~ ~ l ~ t ~ f u r a ~ n C C ) ; E y dwtrim w guide w in ttw ; miw'm in whih the UnRed

s pwtkfpprtes. = Wng mmpkd this exercise, - . - -

-

: ~ : ~ m w @ d m m t h e R ~ - - - -

-

bW h r o n rmiw hi csrlThrde during the &ng retmonv.

of Paraguay to conduct a Training Seminar on Peacekwping Operations, with a target audience of officers at the Command and General Staff School and the Army Officers Training School (EPOE in Spanish), coordinated by the US Mice of Defense Cooperation. This was in response to the clear need throughout the world to establish

better communication channels in order to consolidate a consistent doctrine for these types of opera- tions so that, by unifying efforts, effective coordination can be achieved for the benefit of any joint interagency and multinational peace mission.

Planning of the peacekeeping exercise operations in the fictitious

kingdom of PRABONiA and the sub- sequent presentation by the partici- pants received special emphasis. Given the complex climate and rap- idly changing situation in which these types of operations are carried out, the multinational dynamic, and current policy, some fundamental considerations were: a good under- standing of the UN Mandate, a

1ues1 instructors PI wBHSIL, in o ronferem session. Others in the photo are denk in he Pwasuayan Capldns Coreer Cwrse ond Command and General Staff Course.

8 Dialugo: RpriI/Jurte 2DQ3 - - - . i - - - c 4

- Maim Joe bgr&t (UI) Prn UCs lsarrla (Hmduras), Vihdba (Argstllirm), and Z&&e (Ecuador), in s n h r codma session. I

speclalid vocabulargr appropriate tor use by all personnel, an acwted ~nolysh of the rnissiav, the dm@ went of rules of e@ngement, and the Status of forces Agreement (SOFA). 5iving adequate consideration to the key role played by the media in this dynamic setting, where all news is ;how in real time to a global audience, is alsa vibl.

The levet of interest shown by the 3flicm is an indication of how dim- cult the process of interrelation is and how important it is to cmrdi- nale the dierent liaison and support tasks that go along with the mill- tary's involvement in the various United Nations, international, goy-

ernmental, and n o n g m e n b d organizations. The main f & U S M h r

mpxt to doctrine was on trim.$@- ing capacities, standards, wit&& and agreed-up practices make it possible to execute pre- estabiiihd pmmdures before idti&- ing etw petre~ping apratbns, The k c ~ i n g O+em~iions

conference w extremely impoftant, even historic, f& W W W m Hemfsphere ItssEiute fM Coopemtion and for unit$ af dw- trine in the America, giwg ,& MghV topical subject matter, CQU*;~$F mism and Anti-tm&t a@&$$':& given the fact that it is-m en%m@ requirement for the Naldmali%t

I 3

College. It was delivered by the WHINSEC mobile training team to civilian and military authorities at that country's Institute for Advanced

i Strategic Studies.

Of special interest to the audience was clarification of certain aspects of the United Nations Letter regard- ing the applimon of Chapters Vl and VII in these types of operations in order to achieve stability in cer- tain regions of the world. The methodology stressed active partici- pation and the exchange of experi- m, bringing the conference to a

conclusion and creating tMH :;e%bectations for interaction ($W@ 1e0lleagUs.

. . * Tehran Bakhtaran

Esfahan

LMecca , =a2*: cr .. , :y KG:. :L:

:2:.,7: !..I+- . .-

LNecesita preparar un documento informative a liltimo momento? l8usca informacibn acttralitbda wbre la politica de lor EE-UU. en A d r i a del Sur? 1NetPsita una reseita general de las declaracione~ sabre ertrategia del ultimo aiio! LBusca hojas de datos confiables sobre difererrtes temas?

Si er ad, visite htr 1 1 b i r r I r I ~ I ~ I iL i \8~t~b~ 11f I 11 I y haga dic en d enlace "Info Link". The Southem C o m d Information Link (SCIL) brinda inbrmacisn esend y pdnente sobre asuntos locales y sobre la pdltica inkrnaaonal de los EEUU.

1 €H~~'swr&b~

U I I . ~ a s u s p d ~ y ~ p a m l a ~ . * ~ ~ & ~ k b E E U U . w t t e . l o s ~ d ~ ~ ( U & ~ k & r. ~ & h ~ W a m d M ~ e n d M ~ ~ y e n t a d o d m d a ~e40n6n6mrqwai&maIsreg&n~ * ~ c i r r i c i a t i v a s ~ e l t r ~ & ~ ~ ~ n . , HP b'&ii%fW@ad hhfwme O p r a h Anual FAOR).

c A+ itlrl~Mm~&m- &I Departamem de m.. .

Toda esta i n f o r m d h W m e r r i n g t & y q W i 4 d e ~ o q w w , ~ , p e ~ ~ a r p w l a t m k i h d e Iw artku- l o s o p o l l t i c a s ~ ~ & ~ ~ d e N a ~ o n w ~ ~ ~ o ~ l q ~ ~ r a ~ q w p u e d a apmtdw b W - w b L ,

Contenido La Fuerza Armada Sahradorefia y sus nuwos roles en el ambito nacional e international .................... .2

Cornpromiso De lntegracibn De WHINSEC PARA .... .... La Unificacibn De La Doctrina En Las Operaclones De Paz r .7

2004Calendario ...................................... Centro

Edltor en Jefe Wtlfredo Montes

Investigacl6n, edicihn, redaccihn, h.aduccl6n, dissfio, y pre-impresidn Allen Wayne, LTD.

General James T. Hill Comandante

El Foro de las Arniricas: Didlogo es una w ish militar profesional publicada trirnestralmente por el cornandante del Comando Sur de Ios Estados Unidos, que tiene como fin ser un foro interna- cional para 10s militares y el personal de seguridad en America Latina. Las opiniones expresadas en esta revista no necesariamente representan las politicas o puntos de vista de este cornando ni de atguna otra agencia del Cobierno de 10s Estados Unidos. Las cams al editor son bienvenidas. Apreciamos sus opiniones sobre Di61ogo y 10s articulos que aparecen en esta edici6n. Favor de enviar sus cartas Diilogo, United States Southern Command, 35'1 1 NW 91 st Avenue, Miami, Florida 33 1 72, U.S.A. Algunos a rticulos han sido editados debido a Ilmitaciones de espacio. Al menos que se indique otra cosa, las fotograffas fueron obienidas del EjCrcito de los Estados Unidos. La reproduccidn o publicacibn de articulos de Dialogo es permitida. El editor requiere notificacibn de tat uso y una copia del articulo publicado. Nota, sin embargo, para reproducir o rescribir articulos de DiZilogo que ya han sido registrados, necesitara obtener permiso de la fuente original.

El Sacretario de b ha determlna que la prmicaclbn de eslp mism es necararla pan la wnducclbn &i n m g W k crxrw as r w . por 4. por el Departamem de U.

I

n el mundo de inctrtidumbres en que vivimos, lo Qnico en que podemos estar seguros a,

que las instituciones deben estar constantemente adapthndose a tos cambios que el entorno tes exige. La Fuena Armada de El Salvador ha sido una de las instituciones que

10s irltimos aAos para adaptarse a 10s

trense a modificar su forma diFr operar, de una guerra conventional que requerla el movimiento de unidades de gran magnitud y todas sus unidades de apoyo combate y apoyo de servlcio combate, a unidades de tamaiio batall6n alta- rnente m6viles y m y ligeras, en cuanto al amamento de acorn-

el Este y Oeste, al finat de los 80 e inicio de lor 90, las guans de lib- eraci6n pierden su mistjcbmo y apoyo internaclmal, por lo que, la Fuem Armada Satvadorefia al igual que muchas Fuems Armadas Latinoamericanas, welven a su rol tradicional de ser garnntes be la soberanla e integridad territorial de los Estados, asT como coadyuMr en el desarmllo nacional y actuar en apoyo a instituciones del gobie

: . en caso de emergencias, o d

I 1.

Mecca

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naturales, akndo esta Clltirna la de mayor dernanda. En este sentido, El srganiraci6n para enfrerrtar mfer- frontetizos, provocan inestabilida Sakador se encwntra dentro &I cin- enter hi@-s de deasms n a b IDS oseglmenes dernov8ticos~er- ur6n de fugo del CkcurnpadT~co, rakes, 6 aqueltos producidos pot el gentes o en consolidaciQd En esb mna vokmsa que se a x t i e hombre, wr forma sirnultha dat sentido, bos aten* &I fatidi-- ' ' I ds$de Alaska hasta la Tierra del cwnplimEento a la M ~ i o n d mislh de ~ e p t k m b d i 2001, panel. ,. E5 &ego en el Sur ds Argentina y mstitL#ional d&ta con anbrioti- w i d e n d a s debilidades institu- , & Chile. Tarnbih su u b i d S n g+ dad, asi arm tambih, colabotar m c i a

-a fica lo localha en tas cwaniar de las las tarear orientadas a fawmcer a la el ter L- placns tect6ni-s &I Ccas y dei ~~n en gefieral, apoyando b El Salvador d d e el kicio de

lo que vuelve a fa zona my *midad y el d@sarrollo del pa&. crisis Min ib su posicidn, en la propicia para tos kme113o~us. Tal como lo mencionamos al ini- combate al t e r r o h o a pr"brRxio

Esta hformacidn es wcemria ck de &e articulq en &te mundo? -. -en materia de Seguridad %ionid, -

como marco de refemcia para de camblos inesperados que nos - --ya qw es widente que no se -#car el importante prptl que la toca desenvolvernos y sus impredmi- _ _zrspim a un desadlo sosten

Resoluci6n 137 exhorts a todm 10s Esta

Ias *hundaciones causadas por el = el mterno. Las nuwas amenam tal wnir y reprimir el terrorism0 en

operadones fuera de - $ las hntms patrias en apoyo a oms ,

p'ses que salir adelan te - - -- r

- - - - - . . - - .- .- - - - .

- - . -.

. - . .

,. despuh de enfrentar gubimos a s t a b a d l e c l d o en la Canstltwl6h ->- - totalitarbs y que apya4an el tmm- a c la RepdbHca en el grticulo 5 pw

la recmsfwccih y -cia humanitaria en el s&or centro -sur &_lgaq, m el prop6sito de c w un d h t e &a& y segum para faciti- tar la nan&i&t.a hs autoridades iraquk, + S l . W l 6 n Cuscatlin par- M d I t - & Agosto d V n i e a b ha& Zaragoza, Espafia, donde real-

adiestmrniento con 10s okos pa& integrantes que conforman la DMMn lntamcional: entre ellos:

Grecia, Bulgaria, Ucrania, Rumania, Filipinas, Hungria, Espafla, Poknia, ReMbIica Dominicanit, Honduras, Nicaragua y El Salvadw. ber ior a la intqracidn en Espalia, la W n d a fase de aclimataci6n y a&- tramiento se Hevat4 a catM en Kuwait, la cual consistid en actki- dades de entpenamiento y quipamiento, permitiendo el tkmpo necesario para Isr aclimat- aci6n particular de las zonas d w - cas. Durante ste @ d o tambi4n se recibirA equlpo para enfrenbr cualquier amenma qufmiq bil6g- ica, baaerioldgica u mdiddgia que se pueda presentar durante el desernpdlo de las labores asignadas.

IA m a de operaciones ser6 especlficarnente en el area general de An Najaf y se contar6 con d apoyo lqistico y administrzttivo de 10s contingentes de EspaAa y Polonia. Esta misi6n adquiere las fuerzas sahradorefias un significado, pues involucra una rweva o r g a n i u n y forma de operar en el hinbito internaciq

versatilidad, capacidad de operar en diferentes ireas y bajo condiciones dedrticas extremas, en una cultura distlnta, con un idiima dlsimd y una reltgih diferente. Para ellos y para t&s lor soldados no importando, raza, color, credo o nadonalidad que se esfuenan por hacer de este mundo un lugar mas seguro pam .lac fu turas genemiones, nuestro reconocimiento y adrniracibn.