Day 113: Empire and ExpansionBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

February 26, 2014A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

On page 670, analyze the political cartoon by answering the following

1. Who is the waiter and the patron?2. What is the patron doing?3. Explain the artist’s position and discuss

the issue that is addressed by this cartoon.

Drill

Objectives: Students will:Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and

turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century.Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes

of the Spanish-American War.Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War,

especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines.Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing

arguments in the debate about imperialism.AP Focus

Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century.

Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion.Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the

United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish-American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

Empire and Expansion

CHAPTER THEMESIn the 1890s, a number of economic and

political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories.

In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Chapter Focus

1st 30 identifications due on Monday-your quiz score is contingent on you completing the 1st 30 id’s.

Announcements

Should the United States annex the Philippines?

Revisit McKinley’s position and decide if he is using sound reasoning.

Motivation

Philippines excluded from peace negotiations with Spain

U.S. made it clear they were staying in the PhilippinesFebruary 4, 1899-Philippine insurrection led by Emilio

AguinaldoU.S. ended insurrection in 1901

4,234 Americans died600,000 Filipinos

William Howard Taft became civil governor in 1901U.S. spent millions on roads, sanitation, public health Philippines became a trading partner with the U.S.Freedom on July 4, 1946

“Little Brown Brothers” in the Philippines

China vulnerable after its defeat to Japan in 1894-95

Russia and Germany established spheres of influence

Open Door Note-John Hay, U.S. Secretary of State

European powers would have their own sphere in China

Boxer Rebellion-Chinese nationalists killed 200 foreigners and 1,000s of Chinese Christians

18,000 multi-national troops sent to end the rebellion

Hinging the Open Door in China

Republicans nominated William McKinley in 1900 and Teddy Roosevelt as V.P.

Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryanplatform: Republican overseas imperialism

7,218,491 to 6,356,734-popular vote292 to 155-electoral voteMcKinley assassinated in September 1901 by

an anarchist in Buffalo, NYTR became youngest President at 42

Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?

Americans learned the need for the canal when the Oregon took weeks to sail around S. America during War of 1898

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty(1850)-U.S. could not secure exclusive control over and isthmian route

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901-U.S. free hand to build and fortify. This is thanks to the England’s preoccupation

Where to build??Panama, a part of ColombiaColombia rejected U.S. offerPhilippe Bunau-Varilla incited a rebellion on November 3, 1903U.S. navy stopped Colombia from putting the rebellion downVarilla became Panamanian minister and signed the Hay-

Bunau-Varilla TreatyStarted in 1904, ended in 1914

Building the Panama Canal

“preventive intervention” or Roosevelt CorollaryU.S. concerned Europe would come to Latin America to collect bills from delinquent nations

U.S. would intervene in future financial situations in Latin America to keep Europe out

Initiated the “bad neighbor” policyUsed to justify interventions

TR’s Perversion of Monroe’s Doctrine

Russia wanted port access in Manchuria at Port Arthur in 1904

Japanese surprised Russia at Port Arthur in 1904 and then a series of defeats

1st time a non-European force beat a European force since the 16th century

Japan came to TR to ask him to broker peace, as the Japanese were running out of men and money

Neither side happy, Japan did get KoreaTR won 1906 Nobel Peace PrizeHurt relations with both countries

Roosevelt on the World Stage

Explain the following:Boxer Rebellion16th amendment19th amendmentSeward’s FolleyCentral Powers

5QQ

Japanese people left as conditions caused tax increases and war

1906 San Francisco school board segregated Chinese, Japanese, and Korean students

TR was not happy and invited the school board to the Whitehouse

Gentlemen’s Agreement was the outcomeTokyo agreed to withhold passports to laborers to

the U.S. TR sent the navy on a tour as a sign of strengthRoot-Takahira agreement-both U.S. and Japan would

respect each other’s possessions in the Pacific

Japanese Laborers in California

Begin Reading 1st ½ of Chapter 28 page 702-714

Prepare for Debate on Tuesday

Homework