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Bangkok, July 26th 2011
Outline
Present Condition Problems Measurements Conclusions
Irrigation & PopulationCo
nditi
ons
Water Potency
Water Problems
Population
FoodWaterLand Use
Climate Change
Prob
lem
s
Irrigation Problems• Land acquisition
• Land use change from irrigation to residential area (around 35.000 Ha/year)
• Farmers’ preferrences to plant palm tree than paddy
• Operation and maintenance (fund, man power, discipline, etc.)
• Natural disaster (i.e. Eruption of Merapi Mountain which destroyed + 10,000 Ha
• Catchment area degradation
Mind Map
Water/ IrrigationProblems
Demand Mgt
Supply
Infrastructures
Institutions
Spatial Plan
River Basin Plans
Decentralization
Participatory
Regulations
Mea
sure
men
ts
conventional approach
complementary approach
Spatial Plan• Boundary : administrative region
• Legalization by government head
• Land use zoning
• Accommodating all sectors: defense, security, agriculture, forestry, industry, transportation, health, energy, mining, education, water, housing, etc.
River Basin Plans• Boundary : river basin
• Consist physical and non-physical efforts
• Pillars of water management :• water conservation, • water utilization, • control of water destructive
potential,• public participation• information system
• Arranged with coordination of government in all level, water users (agriculture, industry, commercial), universities, NGOs cosensus
Decentralization
38%
19%
43%Central Gov-ernment
Provincial Governments
Regencies/ Municipalities
Total Irrigation area 7.42 million hectares
• There are 33 provinces and 495 regencies/municipalities
• Local governments budget comes from national transfer and local income (taxes, retribution, etc.)
National Transfer- DAU- DAK- Infrastructure Fund
Irrigation Mgt & Development
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 -
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
2,400
New Construction RehabilitationOperation & Maintenance
Irrig
ation
Are
a (t
hous
and
hect
ares
)
Irrigation Mgt & Development (2)
PISPTarget : six highest paddy producer provincesActivities :
• irrigation institution (at local government) empowerment• water user association empowerment and • rehabilitation of around 457 thousand hectares irrigation farm
PIRIMP Target : nine provinces (North Sumatera, West Sumatera, Jambi, South
Sumatera, Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and South Kalimantan)Activities : total 59 thousand national irrigation area
• rehabilitation and • construction
Irrigation Mgt & Development (2)
DISIMPTarget : nine provinces in eastern IndonesiaActivities : • empowerment if irrigation institution in local government• rehabilitation of local irrigation areas (around 84 thousand hectares)
System of Rice IntensificationMethod :• intermitten irrigation• 1 seed per hole• organic fertilizer• without insecticide
SRIConventional/Non-SRI
System of Rice IntensificationProvince
Productivity (ton/Ha)
Non SRI SRI
Lampung 12.00 13.50
Banten 10.00 16.90
West Java 6.04 6.59
Central Java 8.27 9.27
East Java 7.00 8.00
Bali 7.80 11.18
NTB 4.31 8.06
NTT 3.46 6.50
South Sulawesi 4.54 7.39
Southeast Sulawesi 3.58 5.36
Central Sulawesi 3.69 7.00
North Sulawesi 7.49 15.03
Gorontalo 4.82 7.51
Lessons LearntCo
nclu
sion
s
• Pressures in irrigation come from population growth, water availability, land availability, etc.
• Comprehensive approach is needed to solve the problems, including demand management
• Measures in Demand Management can be form of introducing a new plantation method i.e. SRI, applying clusters plantation, empowering water user association/farmers, etc.
• It is necessary to control population growth since population affect the most to water sector and irrigation.
Thank You