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COMCEPT OF THE MONEI SUPPLY Money: Currencgr and Demand Deposits of Bank Money and Near-Money Liquidity of Assets Role of U.S. Treasury in structure of monetary credit gold reserves Treasury currency issues Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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Page 1: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COMCEPT OF THE MONEI SUPPLY Money: Currencgr and Demand Deposits of Bank Money and Near-Money Liquidity of Assets

Role of U.S. Treasury in structure of monetary credit gold reserves Treasury currency issues

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Page 2: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

Controversy: problem of determining for statistical purposes the ingredients of the 'money supply.1

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Page 3: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions

!• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank and Federal Government deposits and less items in process of collection) •

?• "privately held* money supply: time deposits added to above*

3. £d: total deposits, adjusted, plus currency outside banks plus U.S. Gov. deposits at F.R. banks and com­mercial and bivings banks, Treasury cash holdings plus net foreign banks deposits TOTAL MONET SUPPLY

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Page 4: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

If Money - Regulation

Barber, A# V. Currency expansion and bank credit• (In:The

Banker, May 19S8, p.155-41)

An estimate of the effect of the recent mone-tary tendencies on the banking systai • The use of exchange control has eliminated much of the banking power.

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Page 5: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

BURNS, A. F.

Relative importance of check and cash pay­ments in the United States, 1919-1928, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION,

December, 1929.

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Page 6: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CARLSON, Valdemar

Democratizing Money, JOURNAL OF FINANCE, Vol.11, No. 2, October, 1947, pp. 68-71•

advocate of subsidy for banks to compensate for cost of servicing their demand deposit accounts to widen use of deposit currency

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Page 7: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CHASE, H. S.

The confusion regarding money, BANKERS MAGAZINE,

April and May, 1938, Pp. 5, 6.

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Page 8: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CHASE, Harvey S.

"Honey and Bank Deposits," JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTANCY,

January, 1936.

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Page 9: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CHASE, H. S.

"Are Bank D e p o t s Money?" BANKERS

September, 1935* Pp. 6 .

MAGAZINE,

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Page 10: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CHASE, Harvey S*

"Are Bank Deposits Money?* BAHEERS1

MAGAZINE, September, 1935«

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Page 11: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COHEN, Jacob

Financial intermediaries and the supply of money, JU-.VILV OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Vol. 36, No. 3, August, 3954, pp. 331-334.

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Page 12: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COHEN, Jacob

Financial intexmedlaries and the supply of money ]A Note], THE REVIEW OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, XXXVI, Aug. 1954, pp. 331-34.

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Page 13: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

i tin-HP, '"* *»o1ua/ an<i ^6*r »iuJu<*l

1 /

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Page 14: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COPELAND, M. A. and BRILL, Daniel K.

Banking assets and the money supply since 1929, FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN,

January, 194S. 8 pp

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Page 15: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COPELAND, M., and BRILL, D. H.

"Banking Assets and the Money Supply Since 1929," FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN,

January, 1948, pp. 24-32.

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Page 16: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COPELAND, H. k. and BRILL, D* H.

Bank assets and the money supply since 1929* FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN, Jan. 194B, pp. 24-32.

Analysis of changes in the money supply and the factors causing them

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Page 17: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

COPELAND, M. A. and BRILL, D. H.

"Banking assets and the money supply since 1929, FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN, XXXIV, Jan. 1948, pp. 24-32.

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Page 18: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CROSS, Ira B.

Note on factors affecting our monetary supply, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, Vol. U, No. 5, October, 1936, pp. 691-692.

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Page 19: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CROSS, Ira B.

•'Note on factors affecting our Bioney supply,11

JOUENAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, October, 1936,

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Page 20: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CROSS, Ira 8.

"Note on Factors Affecting Our Monetary Supply," JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, XLIV, October, 1936, pp. 691-2.

Comment on Seymour Harris's book review, JPE, 1936.

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Page 21: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CROSS, IntB.

"Mote on factors affee ting our monetary supply," JOORKAL OF POLITICAL ECOMOMI, October 1936.

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Page 22: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CRQVTHER, Geoffrey

The Future of the Banks, TRANSACTIONS [OF THE MACHESTER STATISTICAL SOCIETI, Session, i943-44.

February, 1944 •

Empirical study of the relationship between money and money income

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Page 23: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CURRIE, Lauchlin

The economic distribution of demand deposits, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 33, No. 202, June, 1938, pp. 319-326.

concept of velocity of money as tool of analysis

Analysis of demand deposits by types of depositors

Data on distribution of money —helpful for understanding of the factors reflected in changes in income velocity.

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Page 24: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

CURRIE, Lauchlin

"The economic distribution of demand deposits," JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, v. 33,

no, 202, June 1938. pp. 319-326.

3 pp.

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Page 25: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

DANIELS, G. V.

The Circulation of Moneji in Relation to Production and Employment, THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL,

IV, 1933, pp. 15-29.

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Page 26: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

DICE, Charles A. and SCHAFFNER, Philip

A neglected component of the money supply, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol. 29, Sept. 1939, pp. 514-520.

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DICE, Charles A. end SCHAFFNER,, Philip

A neglected component of the money supply, THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXIX, September, 1939, pp. 5U-520.

See comment: VILLARD, H. H., "A Note on offset checks as a com­ponent of the money supply," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXIX, December, 1939, pp. 798-99.

DICE, C. A. and SCHAFFNER, P.: A Reply to Mr. Villard," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXX, March,

1940, p. 113. EITEMAN, V. J.: "Comment on 'Offset Shcecks as a

Component of the Money Supply* by Mr. Villard, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXX, March, 1940, pp. 114-115

Comment by E. C. Harwood, ibid., p. 115.

Dice, °. A. and SCHAFFNER, P.; "A reply to Mr. Villard," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXX, March 1940.

VILLARD, H.H.: Further Comment on 'Offset Checks,'" AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXX, Dec, 1940, pp. 823-5J "Offset Checks: Further Reply," by Dice and Schaffner, ibid., pp. 825-27

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Page 28: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

DUNBAR, C. F.

Deposits as Currency, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Vol. I, July, 1887.

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Page 29: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

DUNBAR,

D e p o s i t s a s Currency, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS,

1887.

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Page 30: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

ELLIOTT, C.

"Bank Cash," CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, Vol. A, no. 3, August, 1938, pp. 432-4.59.

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FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF PHILADELPHIA.

Money on good behavior - Anntial Report, 1955* Philadelphia: Federal Reserve Bank, 1956. 40 pp.

Analysis of the money supply during the recent minor recession

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Page 32: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN

Measurement of factors influencing the volume of deposits and currency, Vol. 30, No. 6, June, 19U.

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Page 33: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

FISHER, A* G. B.

nDoes an increase in volume of production call for a corresponding increase in the voluoae of money?1* AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXV, June 1935, pp.197-211.

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Page 34: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

FISHER, A. G. B.

Does an increase in volume of production call for a corresponding increase in volume of money? AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXV, June, 1935, pp. 197-211.

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Page 35: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

FISHER, A.G.B.

"Volume of Production and Volume of Money" A.E.R. Vol XXV, No. 2 June 1935

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~Tk* Soppltj o? l a w K M c i ^ e - y it^v

QncVo^d Ctodd Louies lQ2.o-3Q

Q

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Page 37: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

GOODWIN, Richard M.

The Supply of Bank Money in England and Wales, 1920-38. OXFORD ECONOMIC PAPERS, June, 1941.

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Page 38: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

HARTZEL, Elmer

Time deposits, HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW, October, 1934, pp* 33-43•

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Page 39: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

HARTZEL, E.

"Time depos i t s ," HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW, October, 1934.

Pp. 1 1 .

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HARTZEL, Elmer

"Time Deposits, » HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW,

October, 1934.

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Page 41: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

HUTT, W. H.

The notion of the volume of money, SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Vol. 20, No. 3, September, 1952.

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Page 42: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

JONES, Frederick V.

Ifaderstanding Money Supply, BUSINESS EECORD (National Industrial Conference Board, Vol. H I , No. 11, November, 1955, pp* 416-18.

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Page 43: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

JONES, Frederick V.

Surplus money: A postwar problem, ECONOMIC RECORD (National Industrial Conference Board), Vol. V, No. 11, November, 1943.

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Page 44: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

LEONG, Y. S.

An estimate of the amount of money held by the banks and of the amount of money in general circulation in the United States, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, XXXVIII, 1930, pp. 164-93.

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LEONG, I. S.

"An estimate of the volume of deposit cuxrency in the United States," JOURHAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMI,

XXXVII, 1929, pp. 583-603.

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Page 46: Bank Credit and Money Supply: Problems of the Money Supply · 2018. 11. 6. · MONEX SUPPLY: Definitions !• Currency outside banks, plus demand deposits (but exclusive of interbank

LIN, Lin

Are Time Deposits Money? THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVII, March, 1937, pp. 76-86.

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LIN, Lin

Are time deposits money? AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol. 27, March, 1937, pp. 76-86.

characteristics of time deposits

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LIN, LIN

"Are Time Deposits Money?" THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVIJ, No. 1 , March, 1937, pp.

78-86.

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LIN, Lin

Federal Reserve Currency.

Doctoral thesis . Chap. 1, abstracted in ABSTRACTS OF DOCTORS1 DISSERATIONS, No. 17. Ohio State aniversity Press, 1935*

Time deposits , pp. 80-81

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MEADE, J. E.

The Amount of Money and the Banking System, ECONOMIC JOUENAL, March, 1934.

amount of money = total deposit liabilities of member banks + amount of notes held by the public

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MEADE, J . E.

"The Amount of Moaasy and the Banking System,1' ECONOMIC JOURNAL,

1934.

Reprinted i n READINGS IN MONETARY THEORY.

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PETERSON, J. Marvin

"Money supply and the level of business activity," ch. Ill, in DETERMINING THE BUSINESS OUTLOOK (ed. by Herbert V. Proehnow). New York: Harper, 1954, pp. 51-85.

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POLAK, J. J. and WHITE, William H*

The effect of income expansion on the quantity of money, IMF STAFF PAPERS, IV, Aug», 1955, pp. 398-433.

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PRITCHARD, Leland J.

Toward a More Meaningful Statistical Concept of the Money Supply, JOURNAL OF FINANCE, IX, March, 1954.

Mona E. DINGLE: "A Comment," ibid., X, March, 1955, pp. 62-66j "A Reply" by L. J. Pritchard, pp. 66-67; "Rejoinder" by M. E. DINGLE, p. 69.

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PRITCHABD, Leland J.

"Tovard a More Meaningful Statistical Concept of the Money Supply," THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE, IX, March 1954, PP. 41-4S.

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PRITCHARD, Leland J.

Toward a more meaningful statistical concept of one money supply, JOURNAL OF FINANCE, IX, March 1954, pp. 41-48.

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ROBINSON, Roland I.

Money Supply and Liquid Asset Formation, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXVI, No. 1, March, 1946, pp. 127-133.

money supply and adequacy of money stock

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RODKEX, R. G.

Bank deposits, EHCICLOPAEDIA OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ed. by E. R. A. Seligman. Vol. II. New York:

1930, pp. 416-17.

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RODKEY, R. G.

Bank Deposits, in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOCIAL SCIMCES.

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SAVKINS, D. T.

Factors of the flov of money and their variance, ECONOMIC HECOFD,

June, 1933. Pp. 19.

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SCHUMACHER, Arnold C.

Changes in the money forces during 1955 and their implications, THE ANALYSTS JOUHNAL, Vol. 12, No. 2, May, 1956, pp. 45-47.

The relationship of money forces to equity prices, loc. cit., February, 1955•

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d u d "+JA«L lrcoSoc-cy , JVlt>ntlo^c| . D e c e m b e r

1 *- I CClj art t c < ^ J

~»ap<fr / O D . V J

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M f a - fllaeont Cleartncf and itoe ^^/>p/xj

4pn/ **» /y . ^

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SCHAFFNER, P. P.

Intra-account clearing and the supply of money, (University of Chicago) JOURNAL OF BUSINESS,

April, 1938, part I . Pp. 10.

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SHAW, Edward S.

MONEY, INCOME, H D MONETARY POLICY. Chicago: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1950.

Chaps, xi and xxv - influence of Treasury policies on the money supply

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SIM10NS, Edward C.

"A note on the causes of instability in the money supply," JOURNAL OF FINANCE, VI, Sept. 1951.

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SIMMONS, Edward C.

"A note on the causee of instability in the money supply," JOUBNAL OF FINANCE, VI, Sept. 1951, pp. 333-337.

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SNYDER, Carl

Turnover of deposits, AMERICAN BANKERS' ASSOCIATION JOURNAL,

February, 1924.

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STEINER, William Hovard

Activity of mutual-savings-bank deposits, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY,

December, 1937, pp* 759-303*

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H Savings banks

Steiner, W. H. Activity of mutual-savings-bank deposits.(In

Jr.of Political Economy,Dec.1957,p.789-803)

The author holds that activity of savings deposits is a savings,and not a currency or mone­tary problem,and finds that previous estimates of time-deposit velocity of twice a year appear to be far too high.

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IT Steiner, 1. H.

Activity of mutual-savings-bank deposits* (In Jr. of Political Economy, Dec.l937fp.789-803.)

Ths author holds that activity of savings deposits is a savingst and not a currency or mon­etary problem* and finds that previous estimates of time-deposit velocity of twice a year appear to be far too high*

Deposits-Velocity Deposits-Savings banks.

Thrift.

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SUTTON, Joseph H.

THE PBDSPERITT DILEMMA. Kansas City, Mo.: Vhite-Lowell Press, 1953* Pp. i x , 130.

Money supply

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TIRANA, Rifat

Behavior of Bank Deposits Abroad, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLEMENT, XXX, March, 1940, pp. 92-105.

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WALK, Haskell P.

FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN, May, 1940.

estimates of distribution of demand deposit holdings by economic classes of depositors.

reviews changes in demand deposit holdings of the various classes of depositors between end-1933 and end-1937, and also presents estimates of the distribution of time deposit holdings

These estimates are base* upon data compiled primarily from corporation income tax returns and represent a con­tinuation of study of the distribution of demand deposits pub. in FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN, October, 1939, and of the earlier study by Martin Krost and Lauchlin Currie, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION,

June, 1938•

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WALKER, E. Ronald and BEECROFT, R. M.

CHANGES IN THE STOCK OF AUSTRALIAN MONEY. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 194-2. 8 pp.

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VARBURTON, Clark

How much variation in the quantity of money is needed? THE SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Vol. XVIII, No. A, April, 1952.

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WARBURTON, Clark

Hov much var ia t ion in the quantity of money i s needed? SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, XVIII, No. 4 , August, 1952.

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VAHBURTON, Clark

Volume of savings, quantity of money, and business instability, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMT,

June 194-7.

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VARBURTON, Clark

Volume of savings, quantity of money, and business instability, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY,

June, 1947, pp. 222-233.

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VARBORTON, Clark

"Quantity and frequency of use of aoney in the United States, 1919-45," JOUBNAL OF POLITICAL ECONQMI, LIV, Oct. 194&, pp. 436-50.

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VARBURTON, Clark

"The Volume of Money and the Price Level between the World Wars," JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY,

March, 1945.

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WARBDRTON, Clark

"The Volune of Money and the Price Level Between the World Wars," JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, June 1945.

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SNIDER, Carl

"Industrial Growth and Moaetaiy Theoiy,w

ECONOMIC JQKOM, Vol. I, Sunnier, 1933.

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WHITTLESEY, C. R.

"Memorandum on the s t a b i l i t y o f demand deposits,1* AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXIX, Dec. 1949, pp. 1192-2 1203.

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•»>« c W * « / e r / ^ C I of S « a , ^ s

S/S£i4/

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WHITTLESEY, C. E.

Meaoramitai on the s tab i l i ty of demand deposit*, AMERICAN ECONOMIC ROTEK, Vol. 39, December, 1$&9, pp. 1192-1203.

Credit—Instability of bank Deposits—Demand

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VIJNHOLDS, H. V. J . Author File

Velocity of circulation, money stock and money possession, THE SOUTH AFRICAN JOUENAL OF ECONOMICS, Vol. 22, No. 3 , September, 1954. pp. 311-25.

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