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Refining Braithwaite’s ‘motivational postures’ approach:
Explaining (non-) compliance with the smoking ban by Dutch bar owners
Willem Bantema PhD – University of Groningen([email protected])
Starting point
• Why is enforcement (procedural justice) more effective to enhance compliance for high scorers on resistance, then for high scorers on disengagement?
Outline
1. Central argument: motivational postures2. Study design3. Refining Braithwaite4. Results (3 arguments)5. Conclusion and discussion
Motivational postures
- Valerie Braithwaite (1994; 1995; 2003; 2009; 2011)
- What are postures?
- Social distance
Commitment
Capitulation
Resistance
Disengagement
Case – smoking ban
Study design
• Surveys (completed: N=620) - Self-reported compliance (scale) - Resistance and disengagement (scales) - Support for a smoking ban - Support for legislation/law in general (Tyler)
Refining Braithwaite
• Search for stable elements in postures (Braithwaite, 2009): human and political values.
• What is the role of the perceived obligation to obey the law (Legitimacy) in the relationship between these postures and compliance with the smoking ban?
Results (1) Postures and compliance
• Predicting (non-)compliance with postures (N=582)Model
Predictor β Adj. R²
Model 1 Resistance -.36 ** 13
Model 2 Resistance + controls -.19 ** 25
Model 3 Resistance + controls+ disengagement
-.04 31
Model
Predictor β Adj. R²
Model 1 Disengagement -.43 ** .18 **
Model 2 Disengagement + controls -.32 ** .31 **
Model 3 Disengagement + controls + resistance
-.31 ** .31
Results-2• Predicting resistance and disengagement (N=582)
Model
Predictors β Adj. R²
Model 1 Controls+Support for smoking ban
-.33 **
.28 **
Model 2 Controls+Support for smoking banPerceived obligation to obey the law
-.30 **-.09 *
.28
Model 3 Controls & disengagementSupport for smoking banPerceived obligation to obey the law
-.18 ** .04
.40 **
Model
Predictors β Adj. R²
Model 1 Controls+Support for smoking ban
-.40 **
.20 **
Model 2 Controls+Support for smoking banPerceived obligation to obey the law
-.30 **-.31 **
.28 **
Model 3 Controls & resistanceSupport for smoking banPerceived obligation to obey the law
-.18 **-.28 **
.39 **
Results - 3• Mediation (partly) of the relationship between disengagement and
compliance
Indirect effect - Support for the smoking ban: -.05 ** (Sobel= -2.45)Indirect effect - Perceived obligation to obey the law: -.08 ** (Sobel= -3.11)N = 356.
Conclusion• Non-compliance is more persistance for disengagement,
compared to resistance.
• Important role of perceived obligation. Disengagement is not only about dissatisfaction with specific rules, but is also aimed at law in general.
• The perceived obligation to obey the law mediates and explains (partly) the relation between disengagement and (non-)compliance.
Items - Resistance (α=.64)
• Once the NVWA branded you as a non-compliant, they will never change their mind
• The NVWA is more interested in catching you for doing the wrong thing, than helping you do the right thing
• It’s important not to let the NVWA push you around
• Bars have to take a stand against the NVWA
• I’m dissatisfied with the practice of the NVWA
Items - Disengagement (α=.73) • I don’t care if I am not doing the right thing by the NVWA
• I personally don’t think that there is much the NVWA can do to make me comply with the smoking ban, if I don’t want to
• I don’t really know what the NVWA expects of me and I’m not about to ask
• I don’t care what the NVWA thinks of me
Items compliance (α=.93) • This establishment complies with the smoking ban
• If the weather is bad, I permit smoking in my establishment
• Smoking inside this establishment is permitted after midnight
Items - perceived obligation to obey the law (α=.82)
• People should obey the law even if it goes against what they think is right.
• Disobeying the law is seldom justified.
• I always try to follow the law even if I think that it is wrong.
• Disobeying the law is seldom justified.
Items - support for the smoking ban (α=.90)
• The smoking ban is a form of patronizing legislation.
• Smoking and bars belongs to each other.
• Workers in the hospitaly industry have to work in a smoke-free environment.
