Bao Cao Vlan

8/13/2019 Bao Cao Vlan

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Ging vin hng dn: Hu Thu

hm thc hin: guyn m(1111020080)

guyn nh Thin (1111020174)

p: 11CTH01

TP. H Ch inh, 2013

B GIO DC V O TO

R .


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LI C

Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh v stri n su sc i vi cc thy c ca trng i hc

Cng NghTP.HCh inh, c bit l cc thy c khoa Cng NghThng Tin ca trng

hng dn v gip em. V em cng xin chn thnh cm n c Hu Thu nhit tnh

hng dn hng dn em hon thnh tt bi lap.

Trong qu trnh hc tp, cng nh l trong qu trnh lm bi lap, kh trnh khi sai st, rt

mong cc Thy, C bqua. Em rt mong nhn c kin ng gp Thy, C em hc

thm c nhiu kinh nghim v shon thnh tt hn bi bo co tt nghip sp ti.

Em xin chn thnh cm n !


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L

1. L UY .......................................................................................... 41.1 Tng qut v VLAN........................................................................................ 4

1.1.1 Gii thiu ................................................................................................... 51.1.2 hi nim V ...................................................................................... 61.1.3 Cu hnh V ........................................................................................ 6

1.2 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)................................................................ 121.2.1 Gii thiu v VTP ................................................................................... 121.2.2 i t ca VTP ........................................................................................ 131.2.3 in VTP VTP domain)...................................................................... 131.2.4 Cc ch VTP...................................................................................... 14

1.3 EtherChanels .................................................................................................. 141.3.1

Tm hiu v EtherChanel ......................................................................... 141.3.1.1 Tng qut v EtherChanel.............................................................. 14

1.3.1.2 Cc interface Port-Chanel ............................................................... 141.3.1.3 Port Aggregation Protocol(PAgP) .................................................. 15

1.3.1.3.1 PAgP Modes .......................................................................... 171.3.1.3.2 t s tnh nng khc ca PgP........................................... 18

1.3.1.4 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) ................................. 181.3.2 Cu hnh EtherChanel ............................................................................. 18

1.3.2.1 Cu hnh EtherChanel mc nh ..................................................... 191.3.2.2 Cuhnh EtherChanel theo hng dn .......................................... 191.3.2.3 Cu hnh layer 2 EtherChanel ......................................................... 201.4 HSRP ............................................................................................................... 21

1.4.1 S dng Default Gateway ....................................................................... 211.4.2 Proxy ARP ............................................................................................... 221.4.3 Router Redundancy ................................................................................. 301.4.4 Cu hnh layer 3 Redundancy vi giao thc HSRP ............................... 281.4.5 Qu trnh hot ng ca HSRP ............................................................... 29

2. ....................................................................................... 332.1 hnh thc hnh ........................................................................................... 452.2 Thc hin cu hnh .......................................................................................... 452.3 t un .......................................................................................................... 56


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1. L UYT

1.1Tng Quan vVLAN1.1.1

Gii thiung l mt mng cc bvit tc ca ocal rea etwork), c nh

ngha l tt c cc my tnh trong cng mt min qung b broadcast domain). Cn

nh rng cc router b nh tuyn) chn bn tin qung b, trong khi switch b

chuyn mch) ch chuyn tip chng.

ng c nhiu quy m v mc phc tp khc nhau, n c th ch lin kt

vi ba my tnh c nhn v dng chung mt thit b ngoi vi t tin nh my in

lazer chng hn. Cc h thng phc tp hn th c my tnh trung tm y chServer) cho php nhng ngi dng trao i thng tin vi nhau v thm nhp vo

cc c s d liu dng chung.

Phm vi ng dng ca mng - ng thng c s dng kt ni cc

my tnh trong gia nh, trong mt phng Game, phng ET, trong mt to nh

ca C quan, Trng hc.- Cly ca mng gii hn trong phm vi c bn

knh khong 100m- Cc my tnh c c ly xa hn thng thng ngi ta s dng

mng Internet trao i thng tin.

hnh mng khng c V l mt mng phng flat network) v n hot ng

chuyn mch p 2. t mng phng l mt nim qung b broadcast), mi gi

qung b t mt host no u n c cc host cn li trong mng. i cng

trong switch l mt min ng collision), v vy ngi ta s dng switch

chia nh min collision, nhng n khng ngn c min qung b.

V bg tg: trong mt s trng hp mt mng Campus lp 2 cth m thm mt s ta nh cao tng na, hay mt s ngi dng tng ln

th nhu cu s dng bng thng cng tng, do kh nng thc thi ca

mng cng gim.

V bo mt: mi ngi dng no cng c th thy cc ngi dngkhc trong cng mt mng phng flat network), do rt kh bo mt.

V v bg ti: trong mng phng ta khng th thc hin truyntrn nhiu ng i, v lc mng d b vng lp, to nn cn bo qung


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b broardcast storm) nh hng n bng thng ca ng truyn. Do

khng th chia ti cn gi l cn bng ti).

gii quyt vn trn, ta a ra gii php V. V Virtual ocal rea

etwork) c nh ngha l mt nhm logic cc thit b mng, v c thit lp

da trn cc yu t nh chc nng, b phn, ng dngca cng ty. i V l

mt mng con logic c to ra trn switch, cn gi l on hay min qung b

(broadcast).

V Virtual ocal rea etwork) c nh ngha l mt nhm logic cc thit

b mng, v c thit lp da trn cc yu t nh chc nng, b phn, ng

dngca cng ty. i V l mt mng con logic c to ra trn switch, cngi l on hay min qung b broadcast).

V l mt mng o. V mt k thut, V l mt min qung b c

to bi cc switch. Bnh thng th router ng vai to ra min qung b. i

V th c th to ra min qung b.V l mt k thut kt hp chuyn mch

lp 2 v nh tuyn lp 3 gii hn min ng v min qung b. V cn

c s dng bo mt gia cc nhm V theo chc nng mi nhm.

V vi cch phn ngun ti nguyn v user theo logic lm tng hiu qu

hot ng ca ton h thng mng. Cc cng ty, t chc thng s dng V

phn nhm user theo logic m khng cn quan tm n v tr vt l ca h.

Vi V, mng c kh nng pht trin, bo mt v qun l tt hn v router

trong cu V c th ngn gi qung b, bo mt v qun l dng lu lng

mng.

Hnh2.1: M hnh mng LAN o


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1.1.2hi i v

VLAN l mt nhm cc thit b mng khng gii hn theo v tr vt l hoctheo LAN switch m chng kt ni vo.

VLAN l mt segment mng theo logic da trn chc nng, i nhm, hoc ngdng ca mt tchc chkhng phthuc vo v tr vt l hay kt ni vt ltrong mng. Tt c cc trm v server c s dng bi cng mt nhm lmvic sc t trong cng VLAN bt kvtr hay kt ni vt l ca chng.

Mi cng vic cu hnh VLAN hoc thay i cu hnh V iu c thchin trn phn mm m khng cn thay i cp v thit bvt l.

Mt my trm trong mt VLAN ch c lin lc vi file server trong cngVLAN vi n. V c nhm theo chc nng logic v mi VLAN l mtmin qung b, do gi dliu chc chuyn mch trong cng mt VLAN.

VLAN c khnng mrng, bo mt v qun l mng tt hn. Router trong cutrc VLAN thc hin ngn chn qung b, bo mt v qun l ngun giao thngmng. Switch khng th chuyn mch giao thng gia cc VLAN khc nhau.Giao thng gia cc VLAN phi c nh tuyn qua router.

1.1.2.1Mi qug b vi v routert V l mt nim qung b c to nn mt hay nhiu switch.

Hnh2.2: M in qung b trn 3 swi tch khc nhau

Trong hnh 2.9 cho thy to 3 min qung b ring bit trn ba switch nh th no.

nh tuyn p 3 cho php router chuyn gi gia cc min qung b vi nhau.


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Hnh2.3: M in qung b trn mt switch

Trong hnh 2.10 chng ta thy 3 V tc l 3 min qung b khc nhau c to

ra trn mt switch v mt router. Router s s dng nh tuyn p 3 chuyn

giao thng gia 3 V.

Switch trong hnh trn s truyn frame ln cng giao tip ca router khi:

Gi d liu l gi qung b. Gi d liu c a ch C ch l mt trong cc a ch C ca router.

u my trm 1 trong V thut mun gi d liu cho my trm 2 trong V

Bn hng, hai my ny nm trong 2 min qung b khc nhau, thuc hai mng khc

nhau, do a ch C ch trong gi d liu s a ch C ca default gateway

ca my trm 1. V vy a ch C ch ca gi d liu s l a C ca tng

Fa0/0 trn router. Gi d liu c chuyn n router, bng nh tuyn IP, router s

chuyn gi ng V Bn hng.

u my trm 1 trong V thut mun gi gi d liu cho my trm 2 trong

cng mt V th a ch C ch ca gi d liu s chnh l a ch C ca

my trm 2.

Tm li, switch s x l chuyn mch gi d liu khi c chia V nh sau:

i vi mi V switch c mt bng chuyn mch ring tng ng.


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u switch nhn c gi d liu t mt port nm trong V 1 chng hn, th switch s tm a ch C ch trong bng chuyn mch ca V m

thi.

ng thi switch s hc a ch C ngun trong gi d liu v ghi vobng chuyn mch ca V 1 nu a ch ny cha c bit.

Sau switch quyn nh chuyn gi d liu. Switch nhn frame vo t V no th switch ch hc a ch ngun ca

frame v tm a ch ch cho frame trong mt bng chuyn mch tng ng

vi V .

1.1.1.1Hot ng ca VLANi port trn switch c th gn cho mt V khc nhau. Cc port nm trong cng

mt V s chia s gi qung b vi nhau. Cc port khng nm trong cng V

s khng chia s gi qung b vi nhau. h mng hot ng hiu qu hn.

Hnh2.4: VLAN cnh

Thnh vin c nh ca V c xc nh theo port. hi thit b kt ni vo mt

port ca switch, tu theo port thuc loi V no th thit b s nm trong V

.

c nh, tt c cc port trn mt switch u nm trong V qun l. V qun

l lun lun l V 1 v chng ta khng th xo V ny c.


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Sau chng ta c th cu hnh gn port vo cc V khc. V cung cp bng

thng tin nhiu hn cho user so vi mng chia s. Trong mng chia s, cc user cng

chia s mt bng thng trong mng , cng nhiu user trong mt mng chia s th

lng bng thng cng thp hn v hiu sut hot ng cng gim i.

Thnh vin ng ca V c cu hnh bng phn mm qun l mng. Bn c th

s dng CiscoWorks 2000 hoc CiscoWorks for Switch Internetworks to V

ng. V ng cho php cc nh thnh vin da theo a ch C ca thit b kt

ni vo switch ch khng cn xc nh theo port na. hi thit b kt ni vo switch,

switch s tm trong c s d liu ca n xc nh thit b ny thuc loi V no.

Hnh2.5: VLAN ng

Cu hnh V bng cc phn mm V qun l tp trung.C C th chia V theo a ch C, a ch lgic hoc theo loi giao thc. hng cn qun l nhiu cc t ni dy na v thit b kt ni vo mng

thuc V no l tu theo a ch ca thit b c gn vo V.

C kh nng thng bo cho qun tr mng khi c mt user l, khng c trongc s d liu kt ni vo mng.

Xc nh thnh vin V theo port tc l port c gn vo V no th thit

b kt ni vo port thuc V , khng ph thuc vo thit b kt ni l thit b

g, a ch bao nhiu. Vi cch chia V theo port nh vy, tt c cc user kt ni

vo cng mt port s nm trong cng mt V. t user haynhiu user c th kt

ni vo mt port v s khng nhn thy l c s tn ti ca V. Cch chia V


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ny gip vic qun l n gin hn v khng cn tm trong c s d liu phc tp

xc nh thnh vin ca mi V.

gi qun tr mng c trch nhim cu hnh V bng tay v c nh.

i mt port trn switch cng hot ng ging nh mt port trn bridge. Bridge s

chn lung lu lng nu n khng cn thit phi i ra ngoi segment. u gi d liu

cn phi chuyn qua bridge v switch khng bit a ch ch hoc gi nhn c l

gi qung b th mi chuyn ra tt c cc port nm trong cng min qung b vi port

nhn gi d liu vo.

Hnh2.6: Chia VLAN theo port

u i ca :

i ch ca V l cho php ngi qun tr mng t chc mng theo logic chc

khng theo vt l na. h nhng cng vic sau thc hin d dng hn:

C tnh linh ng cao: di chuyn my trm trong d dng. Thm my trm vo d dng: Trn mt switch nhiu cng, c th c th

cu hnh V khc nhau cho tng cng, do d dng kt ni thm cc my

tnh vi cc V.

Thay i cu hnh d dng. im sot giao thng mng d dng.


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Gia tng bo mt: Cc V khc nhau khng truy cp c vo nhau tr khic khai bo nh tuyn).

Tit kim bng thng ca mng: do V c th chia nh thnh cc onl mt vng qung b). hi mt gi tin qung b, n s c truyn i ch

trong mt V duy nht, khng khng truyn i cc V khc nn gim

lu lng qung b, tit kim bng thng ng truyn.

C th to ra mng o, to ra cc nhm lm vic khng ph thuc vovtr ca thit b, chng hn, nhng ngi thuc cng nhm nghin cu khng cn

ngi cng mt phng hay cng mt tng trong to nh m vn l cc thnh vin

trong mt mng o.

1.1.1.2u hh u hh theo vt l:

V t u cui - n - u cui cho php phn nhm ngun ti nguyn s dng, v

d nh phn nhm user theo server s dng, nhm d n v theo phng ban... c

tiu ca V t u n cui - n - u cui l gi 80% giao thng trong ni b

ca V.

Chnh v xu hng s dng v phn b ti nguyn mng khc i nn hin nay V

thng c to ra theo gii hn ca a l.

Phm vi a l c th ln bng c mt to nh hoc cng c th ch nh vi mt

switch. Trong cu trc V ny. T l lu lng s l 20/80, 20% giao thng trong

ni b V v 80% giao thng i ra ngoi V.

im ny c ngha l lu lng phi i qua thit b lp 3 mi n c 80% ngun ti

nguyn. iu thit k ny cho php vic truy cp ngun ti nguyn c thng nhtu hh c h:

V c nh l V c c hnh theo port trn switch bng cc phn mm qun

l hoc cu hnh trc tip trn switch. Cc port c gn vo V no th n s

gi nguyn cuhnh V cho n khi thay i bng lnh. y l cu trc V

theo a l, cc user phi i qua thit b lp 3 mi truy cp 80% ti nguyn mng. oi

V c nh hot ng tt trong nhng mng c c im sau:

S di chuyn trong mng c qun l v kim sot.


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C phn mm qun l V mnh cu hnh port trn switch. hng dnh nhiu ti cho hot ng duy tr a ch C ca thit b

u cui v iu cnh bng a ch.

1.2VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)1.2.1ii thiu v

VTP l giao thc hot ng lp 2 trong m hnh OSI. VTP gip cho vic cu hnh

V lun hot ng ng nht khi thm, xa, sa thng tin v V trong h

thng mng.

Trong khun kh mi trng chuyn mch V. t ng Trunk l mt ng

kt ni point - to-point h tr cc V trn cc switch lin kt vi nhau. t

ng cu hnh Trunk s gp nhiu ng lin kt o trn mt ng lin kt vt l

chuy tn hiu t cc V trn cc switch vi nhau da trn mt ng cp vt l.

Vai tr ca VTP l duy tr cu hnh V thng qua admin domain ca mng. VTP

p 2 mt giao thc p 2 s dng cc Trunk Frame qun l vic thm bt, xa v

i tn cc V trn mt domain. Thm na, VTP cho php tp trung cc thay iti tt c cc switch trong mng.

Thng ip VTP c nggi trong mt chun CISCO l giao thc IS hoc IEEE

802.1q v sau i qua cc lin kt Trunk ti cc thit b khc.

1.2.2i t ca VTP c th cu hnh khng ng, khi s thay i to ra. Cc cu hnh khng ng c

th tng hp trong trng hp thngk cc vi phm nguyn tc bo mt. bi v cc k

ni V b chng cho khi cc V b t trng tn. Cc cu hnh khng ng

ny c th b ct kt ni khi chng c nh x t mt kiu ti mt kiu

khc. VTP cung cp cc li ch sau:

Cu hnh ng cc V qua mng. H thng nh x cho php 1 V c trunk qua cc mi trng truyn

hn hp. Ging nh nh x cc V Enthernet ti cc ng truyn tc

cao nh T, E, hoc FDDI.


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Theo di chnh xc kim tra V Bo ng v vic thm vo ccVLAN. D dng thm mi V

Trc khi thit lp cc V, ta phi thit lp mt min qun l management

domain) trong phm vi nhng th m ta kim tra cc V trong mng. Cc switch

trong cng mt min qun l chia s thng tin V vi cc V khc vmt s

switch c th tham gia vo ch mt min qun l VTP. Cc switch khc min khng

chia s thng tin VTP.

Cc switch s dng giao thc VTP th trn mi cng trunk ca n c:

in qun lmanagment domain) S cu hnh Bit c V v cc thng s c th.1.2.3Mi doai

t min VTP VTP domain) c to ra mt hay nhiu cc thit b a kt ni chia

s trn cng mt tn min VTP. i switch ch c th c mt min VTP. hi mt

thng ip VTP truyn ti cc switch trong mng, th tn min phi chnh xc thng

tin truyn qua.

ng gi VTP vi IS Frame:

VTP header c nhiu kiu trn mt thng ip VTP, c 4 kiu thng c tm thy

trn tt c cc thng ip VTP:

Phin bn giao thc VTP 1 hoc 2 iu thng ip VTP 1 trong 4 kiu di tn ca min qun l Tn min qun l

VTP flood thng ip qung b advertisement) qua VTP domain 5 pht mt ln, hoc

c s thay i xy ra trong cu hnh V. t VTP advertisement bao gm c

revisionnumber, tn V vlan name), s hiu V(vlan number), v thng tin

v cc switch c port gn vi mi V. Bng s cu hnh VTP Server v vic truyn


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b thng tin thng qua advertisement , tt c cc switch u bit v tn V v s

hiu ca V ca tt c cc V.

t trong nhng thnh phn quan trng ca VTP advertisement l tham s revision

number. i ln VTP Server iu chnh thng s V, n tng revision number

ln 1, ri sau VTP Server mi gi VTP advertisement i. hi mt switch nhn mt

VTP advertisement vi revision number ln hn, n s cp nht cu hnh V.

1.2.4c ch VTP hot ng mt trong 3 ch :

-Server-Client-Transparent

u mt Switch ch VTP server c th to, chnh sa, xa V. VTP server

lu cu hnh V trong VR ca n. VTP servergi thng ip ra tt c cc

port trunk ca n.

Switch ch VTP Client khng to, chnh sa v xa thng tin. VTP Client c

chc nng p ng theo mi s thay i ca V t server v gi thng ip ra ttc cc port trunk ca n.

VTP Client khng lu cu hnh trong VR m ch t trn R v n th c hc

cu hnh V t server. Do ch client rt hu dng khi switch khng b

nh lu mt lng ln thng tin V.

Switch ch transparent s nhn v chuyn tip forward) cc VTP update do cc

switch do cc switch khc gi n m khng quan tm n ni dung ca cc thng

ip ny. u transparent switch nhn thng tin cp nht VTP n cng khng cp nht

vo c s ca n, ng thi nu cu hnh V ca n c g thay i, n cng khng

gi thng tin cp nht cho cc switch khc. Trn transparent switch ch c mt vic

duy nht l chuyn tip thng ip VTP. Switch hot ng ch transprarent -

mode ch c th to ra V cc b. Cc vlan ny s khng qung b n cc switch

khc.

1.3Etherchannels1.3.1 hiu v therchannels


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Trong phn ny s bao gm mt s ch sau:

+ Tng quan v EtherChannel.

+ Giao din Port-Channel

+ Giao thc Port ggregation

+ Giao thc iu khin ink ggregation.

+ Cc mode EtherChannel.

+ Cc phng thc chuyn d liu v chia ti d liu

1.3.1.1g qua v therhaelt EtherChannel bao gm nhiu ng vt l fast ethernet Fa 10/100bps) hoc

gigabit ethernet 10/100/1000 bps) c gp thnh mt kt ni logical.EtherChannel c khnng cho php cc port dng kt ni hot ng ch Full-

duplex. V bng thng trn mi mt kt ni vt l c th t ti tc l 800 bps

i vi kt ni Fast Ethernet Fast EtherChannel), i vi kt ni gigabit ethernet th

tc ca mi ngvt l c th t mc ti a l 8 Gbps Gigabit EtherChannel)

i EtherChannel c th gp ti a l 8 ng Ethernet port, tt c cc port trong

EtherChannel s phi cu hnh nh mt ayer 2 port.

S EtherChannel c th cu hnh ti a trn Switch c gii hn l 6.

Bn c th cu hnh cc port EtherChannel hot ng vi nhng ch sau:

Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) On

Cu hnh c 2 port u cui ca EtherChannel hot ng cng mt ch :

hi bn cu hnh 1 port u cui ca EtherChannel hot ng c 2 ch : PgP

hoc CP, h thng s t ng iu chnh vi port u cui cn li ca EtherChannel

xc nh ch no s c hot ng. hi qu trnh t ng iu chnh khng

thnh cng th nhng port s hot ng vi trng thi suspended i vi cc IOS

12.2 tr v trc). Bt u t Cisco IOS Release 12.235) SE th thay v cc port

hot ng vi trng thi suspended th nhng port local s hot ng trng thi

independent v vn c kh nng truyn d liu nh nhng port khc. Cu hnh port

khng thay i, nhng port s khng c kh nng hot ng trong mt


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EtherChannel.

hi bn cu hnh mt EtherChannel hot ng ch On, th khng c qu trnht

ng iu chnh ch hotng trn cc port ca Switch na. hi tt c nhng

port ca switch s c active v hot ng trong mt EtherChannel.

u mt lin kt ang hot ng trong mt EtherChannel b li, th nhng lu lng

d liu ang truyn trn lin kt s t ng c chuyn sang nhng lin kt cn li

trong EtherChannel truyn tip. u tnh nng Traps c cu hnh hot ng trn

switch th khi mt lin kt ca EtherChannel b li s c mt thng bo li c gi

n switch xc nh lin kt b li. Vi nhng gi tin broadcast v gi tin

muticast i vo mt lin kt s b chn li. 1.3.1.2c iterface ort-channel

hi bn to ra cc EtherChannel, 1 port-channel logical interface s phi c to ra.

Bn c th to EtherChannel theo nhng phng phpsau:

+ S dng cu lnh channel-group ch configuration. Cu lnh ny s t ng

to interface logical port-channel khi channel group gn nhng port vt l vo. Cu

lnh channel-group c kh nng gn vo nhng port vt l: Ethernet, Fastethernet hoc

Gigabit Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps).

+ S dng cu lnh interface port-channel port-channel-number cu hnh ch

global configuration to port-channel logical interface. Sau dng cu lnh

channel-group channel-group-number cu hnh ch interface gn cc port vt

l vo logical port (port-channel).Channel-group-number c th to ra ging vi port-

channel-number, hoc bn c th s dng mt s khc. u bn s dng ch s

channel-group-number khc so vi ch s ca port

-channel-number th cu lnh

channel-group t ng to mt port channel mi.

i EtherChannel c mt port-channel logical interface c gi tr t 1 n 6. Ch s

port-channel interface tng ng c ch ra vi cu lnh channel-group cu hnh

ch interface.

Sau khi bn cu hnh mt EtherChannel, nhng cu hnh thay i v port-channel

interface s c gn vo tt c cc port vt l c chia vo port -channel interface.

hng thay i v cu hnh s c gn cho cc port vt l, chnh v vy thay i


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cc tham s cu hnh trn tt c cc port trong mt EtherChannel th s phi gn nhng

cu lnh cu hnh vo port-channel interface.

1.3.1.3Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP)Port ggregation Protocol PgP) l mt giao thc c quyn ca cisco v vy ch c

th chy duy nht trn cc thit b Switch ca cisco v nhng switch ca cc hng khc

c th h tr giao thc PgP. PgP c kh nng t ng to cc EtherChannel bng

cch trao i cc gi tin PgP gia cc Ethernet ports.

- Bng cch s dng PgP, cc switch s hc ID identity) ca cc switch khc c h

tr PgP thng qua mi port kt ni. Sau switch s t ng nhm nhng port c

cng thng s cu hnh vo trong mt lin kt logical channel hoc aggregate port).Cc port c nhm li vi nhau da trn phn cng, v cc tham s khc. V d,

PgP nhm nhng port c cng tc , cng ch duplex Full duplex hoc half

duplex), native Vlan, di Vlan, v trng thi ng trunk. Sau khi nhm nhng lin kt

ny vo mt EtherChannel, PgP s cho php EtherChannel hot ng nh mt port

vi giao thc STP Spanning tree protocol)

1.3.1.3.1PAgP ModesPgP s hot ng ch yu 2 ch :

+ uto: khi PgP hot ng ch auto th port ny s trng thi passive

negotiating, v port ny s chu trch nhim tr li cc gi tin PgP m n nhn c

nhng n s khng khi to mt gi tin PgP t ng iu chnh. Vi ch ny

th s ti u c qu trnh truyn cc gi tin PgP.

+ Desirable: hi Pgp hot ng ch Desirable th port ny s trng thi

active negotiating, v port ny s ch ng iu chnh m phn vi cc port khcbng cch gi i cc gi PgP.

- Cc port ca Switch trao i cc gi tin PgP duy nht vi cc port khc c cu hnh

ch auto hoc desirable. Cc port cu hnh ch On th s khng trao i cc

gi tin PAgP.

- hi mt port ca switch hot ng ch uto hoc Desirable th port ny s t

ng iu chnh vi nhng port khc cng EtherChannel v tc , trng thi ng

trunking v cc thng s Vlan.


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1.3.1.3.2Mt s th g hc ca agGiao thc DTP Dynamic Trunking Protocol) v giao thc CDP Cisco Discovery

Protocol) c kh nng gi v nhn nhng gi tin trn nhng port vt l trong mt

EtherChannel. Cc port c cu hnh trunk c th gi v nhn cc gi tin PgP

protocol data units PDUs) trn Vlan c ID thp nht.

- Trong mi EtherChannel, port vt l u tin trong channel s hot ng v cung

cp a ch C ca n cho EtherChannel. u port b xa b khi EtherChannel,

th mt port no cn li trong EtherChannel s hot ng up) v cung cp a ch

C ca n cho EtherChannel .

- PgP c kh nng gi v nhn PgP PDU duy nht trn nhng port vt l hot ngup) v c giao thc PgP c hot ng mt trong hai ch : uto hoc

Desirable.

1.3.1.4 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)Giao thc CP c nh ngha v cng b bi t chc IEEE vi chun IEEE

802.3ad v cho php cc switch ca cisco c th qun l cc Ethernet Channels. Giao

thc CP c kh nng t ng to cc EtherChannel bng cch trao i cc gi tin

CP gia cc Ethernet port.

- hi s dng CP, cc switch s t hc ID identity) ca cc switch khc c h tr

CP thng qua mi port kt ni vt l. Sau switch s t ng nhm nhng port c

cng thng s cu hnh vo trongmt lin kt logical channel hoc aggregate port).

Cc port c nhm li vi nhau da trn phn cng, v cc tham s khc. V d,

CP nhm nhng port c cng tc , cng ch duplex Full duplex hoc half

duplex), native Vlan, di Vlan, v trng thi ng trunk. Sau khi nhm nhng lin kt

ny vo mt EtherChannel, CP s cho php EtherChannel hot ng nh mt port

vi giao thc STP Spanning tree protocol).

1.3.2u hh therhaelTrong phn ny bao gm nhng ch sau:

+ Cu hnh EtherChannel mc nh

+ Cu hnh EtherChannel theo guidelines.


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+ Cu hnh ayer 2 EtherChannel

+ Cu hnh EtherChannel chia ti truyn d liu

+ Cu hnh PgP earn ethod v Priority

+ Cu hnh CP Hot-Standby Ports.

1.3.2.1u hh therchael c h1.3.2.2u hh therhael theo hg d

u cu hnh khng hp l, mt s EtherChannel port s khng c kh nng ngn

c nhng vng lp xy ra v mt s nhng vn khng ng c khc. Di y l

mt s nhng tham s cu hnh cc bn nn chn trong qu trnh cu hnh

EtherChannel ngn c cc vng lp v mt s nhng vn khc c th xy ra:

+ hng nn cu hnh nhiu hn 6 EtherChannel trn mt Switch.

+ Cu hnh giao thc PgP hot ng cng lc vi 8 port Ethernet.

+ Cu hnh giao thc CP hot ng cng lc vi 16 port Ethernet. hi 8 port

s c hot ng v 8 port cn li s hot ng ch standby nhm mc ch d

phng.

+ Tt c cc port hot ng trong mt EtherChannel s phi hot ng cng mt tc

v ch duplex Full duplex hoc half duplex).

+ hi tt c cc port c cu hnh trong EtherChannel m mt port no b

shutdown th lin kt b li, v cc lu lng d liu s c truyn trn nhng lin

kt cn li ca EtherChannel.

+ hi mt nhm c to, th cc tham s ca port u tin c gn vo nhm

s c ly l cc tham s dnh cho nhm . u bn thay i mt tham s no

cho port th bn s phi thay i trn tt cc port cn li trong nhm: - Danh sch Allowed-VLAN

- Cost path Spanning-tree cho mi V

- Priority port Spanning-tree cho mi V.

- Cc tham s ca Port Spanning-Tree

+ hng c php cu hnh mt port l thnh vin ca nhiu nhm EtherChannel.

+ hng cu hnh mt nhm EtherChannel hot ng cng ch PgP v CP.

i nhm EtherChannel c th c php hot ng vi PgP hoc CP trn cng


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mt switch.

+ hng c php gn mt port SP Switched Port nalyzer) ch l mt

thnh phn ca mt nhm EtherChannel.

+ Khng c php gn mt port secure l thnh phn ca mt nhm EtherChannel.

+ hi bn gn mt port no hot ng trong mt nhm EtherChannel th

bn s khng th no c php cho php port hot ng vi giao thc IEEE

802.1x, nu bn c cho port hot ng vi giao thc ny th s c mt thng bo li

xut hin.

+ u mt port c gn vo mt nhm EtherChannel, th bn phi di chuyn

port ra khi EtherChannel trc khi cho php port hot ng vi giao thc IEEE802.1x

+ Layer 2 EtherChannels:

Gn tt c cc port trng mt nhm EtherChannel vo cng mt Vlan, hoc cu hnh

hot ng vi ch Trunk. Cc port khng thuc ative Vlan th s khng th no

hot ng trong mt nhm EtherChannel.

u bn gn cc port hot ng vi ch trunk vo mt nhm EtherChannel, th bn

phi kim tra cc port yu cu phi c cu hnh cng mt giao thc l IEEE

802.1q hoc IS

1.3.2.3u hh laer therhaelBn cu hnh mt ayer 2 EtherChannel bng cch gn cc port vo mt channel

group vi cu lnh: channel-group c cu hnh trong ch interface configuration.

Cu lnh ny s t ng to mt port-channel logical interface.

Bt u t ch privileged EXEC ca switch cc bn c th thc hin theo tng bc

vi nhng cu lnh di y:

+ Configure terminal: vo ch global configuration

+ interface interface-id: Ch ra mt port vt l, v vo ch interface

configuration Vi giao thc PgP EtherChannel th bn c th cu hnh c 8 port

cng hot ng v cng tc . Cn vi giao thc CP EtherChannel th bn c th

cu hnh ti a l 16 port cng hot ng, trong c 8 port ang hot ng cn 8 port

cn li s hot ng ch standby.)


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+ switchport mode {access | trunk }:

switchport access vlan vlan-id: gn tt c cc port vo cng mt vlan hoc cu hnh

chng hot ng ch trunk.

+ channel-group channel-group-number mode {auto | desirable | on }: gn port

vo mt channel group, v chn giao thc PgP hoc CP s dng.

+ end: thot ra ch privileged EXEC.

1.4HSRP(Hot Standby Router Protocol)1.4.1 dg efault atewa

t my tnh trong mng c th i n cc ng mng khc nhau th ta phi cu

hnh default gateway. Gi s PC trn s cu hnh default gateway hng n

Router chuyn tip gi tin i n file server . V Router B cng c cu

hnh nh tuyn.

Trong m hnh bn di Router c chc nng routing cc packet n nhn c nsubnet . Cn router B c chc nng routing n subnet B. u nh Router b hng

hc khng c cn s dng c na th cc c ch nh tuyn ng s tnh ton li v

quyt nh Router B s l thit b chuyn tip gi tin thay th cho router .

hng PC th khng th no nhn bit c thng tin nh tuyn ny c. cc

PC ta thng ch cu hnh duy nht mt default gateway IP v a ch IP ny s khng

thay i khi m hnh mng ca ta thay i. h vy dn n trng hp l PC

khng th gi traffic i n cc host thuc cc ng mng khc trong m hnh mng.


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u nh mt router no d phng v hot ng ging nh default gateway cho

segment th ta khng cn phi cu hnh li a ch IP default gatway cho cc PC.

1.4.2Proxy ARP

Cisco IOS s dng proxy rp cho php cc host m n khng c tnhnng nh

tuyn c th ly c a ch ac address ca gateway c th forward packet ra

khi local subnet. V d nh trong m hnh trn proxy RP router nhn c mt gi

tin RP request t mt host cho mt a ch IP. a ch IP ny khng c cng nm

chung mt segment so vi host gi gi tin request. Router s gi v mt gi tin RP

vi ac address l ca router v IP l a ch m my cn i n. h vy host s gi

ton b tt c cc packet n a ch IP c phn gii thnh ac address ca

router. Sau router li lm tip cng vic y gi tin ny i n a ch IP cn n.

h vy vi tnh nng proxy RP cc end-user station s coi nh l cc destination

device c kt ni n chnh phn on mng ca n. u nh router l chc nng

proxy RP b fail th cc end station vn tip tc gi packet n IP c phn gii

thnh ac address ca fail router. V cc packet s b discard.


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Thc t th Proxy ac address c thi gian sng nht nh trong bng RP cache ca

my tnh. Sau khong thigian ny th workstation s yu cu a ch ca mt router

khc. hng n khng th gi traffic trong sut khong thi gian ny.

1.4.3Router Redundancy

Trong HSRP mt thit lp cho cc router hot ng phi hp vi nhau a ra mt

router o cho cc host trong mng . Bng cch dng chung mt a ch IP v a

ch ac layer 2, hai hay nhiu router c th hot ng nh l mt router o. IP

address oc cu hnh nh l default gateway cho cc my trm trong mt segment.

hi nhng frame c gi t mt my trm n n default gateway, cc my trm

dng c ch RP phn gii C address vi a ch IP default gateway. C ch

RP s c tr v bngac address ca virtual router. Cc frame gi n ac

address o v sau frame ny c x l tip tc bi active hoc l standby router

trc thuc group router o m ta ang cu hnh.

t hay nhiu router s dng giao thc ny quyt nh router vt l no s c trch

nhim x l frame c gi n a ch IP o v a ch ac o. Cc my trm s gi

traffic n router o. t router tht s c trch nhim forward traffic ny i tip tuy


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nhin router tht nay trong trng thi transparent so vi cc my trm u cui.Giao

thc redundacy ny cung cp cho ta mt c ch quyt nh router no s vai tr

active trong vic forward traffic v router no s vai tr standby.

hi mt forwarding router b fail th qu trnh chuyn i s din ra nh sau:

hi standby router khng cn nhn c gi tin hello t mt forwarding router Sau standby router s gi nh vai tr ca n lc ny l forwarding router c ny qu trnh truyn frame ca PC s khng b nh hng g bi v router

ang trng thi forwarding s dng IP address o vo ac address nh lc

ban u.

1.4.4 u hh laer edudac vi giao thc Ta c s lun l nh sau:


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Hot Standby Router Protocol HSRP nh ngha ra mt standby group. i router c

gn mt vai tr xc nh bn trong standby group ny. HSRP cung cp mt cch d

phng gateway cho end station bng cch chia s chung mt IP v ac address gia

cc redundant gateway. Giao thc ny s truyn thn g tin v IP o v ac o gia hai

router nm trong cng mt HSRP group

t group HSRP bao gm cc thng tin sau:

Active router Standby router

Virtual router Other router

HSRP active router v standby router gi gi tin hello n a ch multicast 224.0.0.2,

dng giao thc UDP port 1985 duy tr thng tin.


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1.4.5u trh hot g ca

Tt c router trong mt HSRP group c mt vai tr c th v tng tc vi nhau theo

mt phng php xc nh

Virtual Router: thc t ch l mt cp IP address v ac address m tt c cc thit b

u cui dng n lm IP default gateway. ctive router x l tt c packet v tt c

cc frame c gi ti virtual router address.

ctive Router: trong HSRP group mt router s c chn lm active router. ctive

router thc t l thit b vt l forward packet v n cng l thit b gi ac address o

n cc thit b u cui

Trong m hnh trn router c gi nh vai tr active v forward tt c cc framen a ch ac l 0000.0c07.acXX vi XX l s group ca HSRP. XX l h s hexa

a ch IP v a ch ac tng ng ca virtual router c duy tr trong bng RP

ca mi router thuc HSRP group. kim tra bng RP trong bng RP ta dng

lnh show ip arp.


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Hnh trn hin th bng RP ca mt router ang lm thnh vin ca HSRP group 1

trong Vlan 10. Trong bng RP trn ta thy rng virtual router c a ch l

172.16.10.110 v c mt Well-known ac l 0000.0c07.ac01 vi 01 l s group. S

HSRP group 1 hin th di dng c s 10 v 01 l di h c s 16

HSRP standby router lun theo di trng thi hot ng ca HSRP group v s nhanh

chng chuyn trng thi forwarding packet nu active router khng c hot ng. C

hai active router v standby router s truyn hello message thng bo cho tt c

router khc trong group HSRP bit rng vai tr ca n lc ny l g ? Cc router dng

a ch destination multicast 224.0.0.2, kiu truyn UDP port 1985. V a ch IP

source l a ch IP ca sending router.

goi ra bn trong HSRP group c th cha mt s router khc nhng vai tr ca n

khng phi active hay standby. hng router dng ny s monitor hello message c

gi bi active v standby router chc chn rng active v standby router ang tn

ti trong HSRP group. Router ny ch forward nhng packet n chnh a ch IP ca


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n nhng khng forward packet c t a ch n virtual router. hng router dng

ny s c message ti mi thi gian gia hai gi tin hello

t s thut ng trong HSRP

Hello Interval Time: hong thi gian gia hai gi tin Hello HSRP thnh cng

t mt router. Thi gian ny l 3 giy

Hold Interval Time: khong thi gian gia hai gi tin hello c nhn v gi

nh rng sender router b fail. c nh l 10 giy

hi active router b fail, th nhng router khc thuc cng HSRP group s khng cn

nhn c message t active router. V standby router sau s c gi nh l

ctive router. V nu nh c router khc bn trong HSRP group th n s c a lnlm standby router. u nh c hai active v standby router b fail th tt c router

trong group lm active v standby router.

Trong qu trnh ny new activer router gnh ly IP o v ac o ca virtual router nh

vy dn n cc thit b u cui s nhn thy tnh trng h hng ca cc dch v. Cc

thit b u cui tip tc gi traffic n ac addres ca virtual router. ew activer

router s gnh vc chp nhn phn phi gi tin.6. Cc trng thi trong giao thc HSRP

t router trong HSRP group c mt s trng thi hot ng nh sau: initial, learn,

listen, speak, standby hoc l active


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hi mt router ang trong mt s nhng trng thi trn th n s thc hin mt s

hnh ng nht nh. hng phi tt c HSRP router trong group s chuyn i sang

tt c cc trng thi. V d nh ta c 3 router trong group, mt trong ba con router

thuc group khng ng vai tr l standby hay active th con router ny vn duy tr

trng thi isten.

Tt c cc router u bt u trng thi Initial, iu ny hin th rng HSRP ang

khng hot ng. Sau n s chuyn sang trng thi learn, trng thi ny router s

mong ch thy c HSRP packet v tnhng packet ny n quyt nh xem virtual

IP l g ? v xc nh active router trong HSRP group.

hi mt interface thy HSRP packet v quyt nh xem virtual IP l g th n tip tc

chuyn sang trng thi listen. c ch ca trng thi listen l xcnh xem c

ctive hay Standby router cho HSRP group. u nh c active hay standby router

ri th n vn gi nguyn trng thi. Tuy nhin nu gi tin hello khng c thy tbt k router no, interface chuyn sang trng thi Speak.


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Trng trng thi Speak, cc router ch ng tham d vo qu trnh chn la ra active

router, standby router bng cch nhn vo gi tin hello xc nh vai tr

C 3 dng timer c s dng trong giao thc HSRP l active, standby, hello. u

nh khng c mt gi tin hello no c nhn t ctive HSRP router trong khong

thi gian active, th router chuyn sang trng thi HSRP mi.

ctive timer: dng monitor ctive Router. Timer s reset li vo bt k thi

im no khi mt router trong group HSRP nhn c gi tin hello c gi ra

t ctive Router. Gi tr Timer expire ph hp vi gi tr hold time ang c

set tng ng vi field trong HSRP hello message.

Standby timer: dng monitor standby router. Timer s reset li vo bt kthi im no khi mt router trong group HSRP nhn c gi tin hello c

gi ra t

Hello timer: thi gian ca hello packet. Tt c HSRP router trong bt k trng

thi no ca HSRP u to ra hello packetkhi m hello timer expire

trong trng thi Standby, bi v router lc ny nh l mt ng vin tr thnh

ctive Router k tip. nh k gi ra cc gi tin hello. cng listen cc hello

message t active router. Trong mt mng HSRP th ch c duy nht mt standby

router


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2. 2.1M hnh thc hnh:

Yu u:

1/ Xy dng cu hnh

Etherchannel ti Router 7200 v SW CORE.

HSRP ti 3 SW-1 v 3 SW-2

Chia VLAN.

2/ Dng Wireshark kim tra tra ng i PC V PC Test )

Etherchannel : Cho 1 cng down F1/0) quan st hng i.

HSRP :Shutdown cng f1/3 trn c 2 SW 3 SW-1 v 3 SW-2) quan sthng i


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2.2Thc hin cu hnh.Router 7200 :

en

conf t

no ip domain lookup

host Cisco7200

inter f2/0

ip add 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

====== enable port-channel 1=============

int port-channel 1

no ip add

no shut

======= add 2 fastethernet vao port-channel 1========

int range f1/0 - 1

no ip add

channel-group 1no shut

====== Cau hinh vlan tren port-channel 1 =============

inter port-channel 1.10

encapsulation dot1Q 10 native

ip address 172.32.10.1 255.255.255.0

no shut


encapsulation dot1Q 20

ip address 172.32.20.1 255.255.255.0

no shut


encapsulation dot1Q 30

ip address 172.32.30.1 255.255.255.0

no shut


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===== quang ba mang dung router rip v2 =====

router rip

ver 2

net 10.0.0.0

net 172.32.10.0

net 172.32.20.0

net 172.32.30.0

SW CORE :

en

vlan database

vtp v2

vtp domain cisco

vtp pass 123

vtp server

vlan 10 name Vlan10

vlan 20 name Vlan20

vlan 30 name Vlan30exit

conf t

no ip domain lookup

hostname CORE

int range f1/0 - 3

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport trunk native vlan 10

no shut

exit

inter vlan 10

ip add 172.32.10.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

exit


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inter vlan 20

ip add 172.32.20.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

exit

inter vlan 30

ip add 172.32.30.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

exit

int port-channel 1




no shut

exit

int range f1/0 - 1

channel-group 1 mode on

no shutexit

ip default-gateway 172.32.10.1

router rip

ver 2

net 172.32.10.0

net 172.32.20.0

net 172.32.30.0end

L3 SW 1 :

en

vlan database

vtp domain cisco

vtp pass 123

vtp client


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exit

conf t

no ip domain lookup

hostname L3-SW1

int range f1/0 - 3




no shut

exit

interface Vlan10

ip address 172.32.10.3 255.255.255.0

standby 1 ip 172.32.10.100

standby 1 priority 150

standby 1 preempt

standby 1 track FastEthernet1/1 60

standby 1 authentication Vlan10no shutdown

interface Vlan 20

ip address 172.32.20.3 255.255.255.0

standby 2 ip 172.32.20.100

standby 2 preempt

standby 2 track FastEthernet1/1standby 2 authentication Vlan20

no shutdown

interface Vlan 30

ip address 172.32.30.3 255.255.255.0

standby 3 ip 172.32.30.100



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standby 3 preempt


standby 3 authentication Vlan30

no shutdown

exit


router rip

ver 2

net 172.32.10.0

net 172.32.20.0

net 172.32.30.0

end

L3 SW 2:

en

vlan database

vtp domain cisco

vtp pass 123vtp client

exit

conf t

hostname L3-SW2

int range f1/0 - 3




no shut

exit

interface Vlan10

ip address 172.32.10.4 255.255.255.0

standby 1 ip 172.32.10.100

standby 1 preempt


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standby 1 track FastEthernet1/1


no shutdown

interface Vlan20

ip address 172.32.20.4 255.255.255.0

standby 2 ip 172.32.20.100


standby 2 preempt



no shutdown

interface Vlan30

ip address 172.32.30.4 255.255.255.0

standby 3 ip 172.32.30.100

standby 3 preemptstandby 3 track FastEthernet1/1


no shutdown


router rip

ver 2

net 172.32.10.0net 172.32.20.0

net 172.32.30.0

end

SW 1:


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SW 2 :


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int f0/0

ip add 172.32.20.11 255.255.255.0

no shut

end

Bt u kim tra ng i :

Ping tPC Vlan10-APC Testng i ca lu lng:PC Vlan10L3 SW1SW COREPC Test

Bt Wireshark ti cng f1/3 trn 3-SW 1

Bt Wireshark ti cng f1/0 trn L3-SW 1


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Ping tu PC Vlan10-APC Vlan10-Bng i: PCVlan10-AL3-SW-1L3-SW-2 -> PC Vlan10-BBt wireshark ti cng f1/2 trn 3-SW1

Ping PC Vlan20-APC Vlan20Bng i : PC Vlan20-AL3 SW-2PC Vlan20-B

Bt Wireshark ti cng f1/2 trn L3 SW2


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im tra EtherchannelShow cu hnh Etherchanel

Quan st ti 2 ng dy Etherchannel , khi ping t PC V n PC TEST ta thy lulng u chy qua 2 ng.

Shutdown 1 cng F1/0 , ta ping li v quan st thy lu lng tip tc chuyn trn ng cnli .


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HSRPShow cu hnh trn :L3 SW 1

L3 SW-2


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Tip tc tin hnh tt cng v quan st hng i ca lu lnga) shutdown f1/3 trn 3-SW1 Vlan20 lm cctive, Vlan10 v Vlan30 lm backup )

Ping PCVlan10-APCVlan10-B

ng i : PC Vlan10-AL3 SW2L3 SW1PC Vlan10-BBt Wireshark trn cng f1/2 trn 3-SW2


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Trn cng f1/2 trn 3 SW1

Ping T Vlan10-BVlan10-Ang i PC Vlan10-BL3 SW1PC VLAN 10-A

Bt Wireshark f1/2 3 SW1


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Bt Wireshark ti f1/2 3-SW2

b) shutdown f1/3 trn 3 SW-2 Vlan 10 v Vlan 30 ln lm ctive, Vlan 20 lmBackup)

Ping t Vlan10-AVlan10-Bi ng : PC Vlan10-AL3 SW 1PC Vlan10 -B


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Bt wireshark ti f1/2 3-SW1

Ping Vlan10-B cho Vlan10-A

i ng : PC Vlan10-B

L3 SW1

Vlan10 ABt Wireshark ti f1/2 3-SW1


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Ping Vlan10AVlan20B

ng i : Vlan10-AL3SW-1Vlan 20 BBt Wireshark ti f1/2 L3SW1

Ping Vlan10-B Vlan20 A

ng i : Vlan10-BL3SW1Vlan20 A

Bt Wireshark ti cng f1/2 3SW1


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2.3t u u lng chy u trn hai ng Etherchanel, khi shutdown 1 cng

f1/0 ) th lu lng vn tip tc chy trn ng cn li. hi cu hnh HSRP 1 IP v C o d phng c hnh thnh , nh m khi Router ctive b li khi shutdown cng f1/3) v mt StandbyRouterc la chn s ln lm ctive ,nh m cc lu lng trnmng khng b mt host v vn tip tc chuyn.

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