BARCODE TECHNOLOGYAmey KelkarMulund College of CommerceRoll No. 11011

AGENDA• Bar code technology

• Bar code terminology

• Types of barcode

• Bar code scanners

• Types of scanners

• Benefits of bar coding

BAR CODE TECHNOLOGY• It is an automatic identification technology

• Bar code is a predefined format of dark bars and white spaces

• It contain a specific information

• It allows real-time data to be collected accurately and rapidly

BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY• BAR

• The darker, non reflective element of a Bar Code

• BI-DIRECTIONAL SYMBOL• A Bar Code symbol format which permits reading in either direction

across the bars and spaces

• CHECK DIGIT• A calculated character included within the Bar Code for error

detection

BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY• SPACE

• The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code

• START CHARACTER• A special pattern of bars and spaces used to identify the beginning

of a Bar Code symbol

• STOP CHARACTER• A special pattern of bars and spaces used to identify the end of a

Bar Code symbol

TYPES OF BARCODE• Mainly the barcodes are of three types

• Alpha-numeric barcodes

• Numeric-only barcodes

• 2-Dimensional barcodes

ALPHA-NUMERIC BARCODES• Code 128

• Very capable code, excellent density, high reliability; in very wide use world-wide

• Code 39

• General-purpose code in very wide use world-wide

BAR CODE 128 EXAMPLE

Sym. Pattern Bar Code

A 10100011000

B 10001011000

C 10001000110

D 10110001000

E 10001101000

Ex. OF ALPHA NUMERIC BAR CODE

• Code 128

• Code 39

NUMERIC-ONLY BARCODES • UPC-A: - Universal product code seen on almost all retail

products

• EAN-13: - European Article Numbering international retail product code

• Codabar: - Older code often used in library systems, sometimes in blood banks

GENERATION OF NUMERIC BAR CODE

0 = 3211 1 = 2221 2 = 2122 3 = 1411 4 = 1132

5 = 1231 6 = 1114 7 = 1312 8 = 1213 9 = 3112

GENERATION OF NUMERIC BAR CODE

• Example: Assume the number 781871307436

• The following barcode is generated with the help of previously discussed patterns

CHECKSUM CALCULATION• Add the values of the digits in the even-numbered positions:

2, 4, 6, etc.

• Multiply this result by 3.

• Add the values of the digits in the odd-numbered positions: 1, 3, 5, etc.

• Sum the results of steps 2 and 3.

• The check character is the smallest number which, when added to the result in step 4, produces a multiple of 10.

Example: Assume the barcode data = 001234567890

• 0 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 0 = 20

• 20 * 3 = 60

• 0 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25

• 60 + 25 = 85

• 85 + X = 90 (nearest or equal to multiple of 10), therefore X = 5 (checksum)

2-DIMENSIONAL BARCODES• PDF417:  Excellent for encoding large amounts of data

• DataMatrix:  Can hold large amounts of data, especially suited for making very small codes

• Maxicode:  Fixed length, used by United Parcel Service for automated package sorting

• QR Code: Fast readability and large storage capacity compared to standard UPC barcodes.

BAR CODE SCANNERS• A device used to extract information optically from a Bar Code

• Bar Code symbol consists of series of vertical dark bars separated by spaces

• When illuminated reflected light is detected by electro optical sensor

• The intensity of reflected light from the dark bars is less than that of spaces

BAR CODE SCANNERS• Reflected light is converted into electrical voltage signals

• Analog voltages are digitized into raw data

• The decoder converts this data into the character data representation of the symbol’s code

TYPES OF SCANNERS • There are two basic types of bar code scanning devices

• Contact Scanner

• Non Contact Scanner

CONTACT SCANNERS

• Must touch or come in close proximity of symbol

• Good where the label cannot be placed in an easy-to-view position

• Normally hand-held/stationary units

• Common type is pen/wand reader

• Positioned angle of wand to the surface and movement speed across the symbol are key parameters

CONTACT WANDS

CONTACT READERS

NON CONTACT SCANNERS• Reader need not come in contact with symbol

• Scan distance may be from 6” to several feet depending upon symbol size and scanner design

• Hand-held, fixed beam readers

BENEFITS OF BAR CODING• Represent unique identity of a product

• Accuracy of data input (error free)

• Aid effective management of resources and inventories

• Less work by avoiding manual entry

WHAT WE LEARNED ?• Bar code terminology

• Types of bar code

• Generation of Bar code

• Generating Checksum

• Types of scanners

• Benefits of bar coding

This concludes my presentation!

Amey KelkarMulund College of CommerceRoll No. 11011