Basic Concept of Value

7/30/2019 Basic Concept of Value

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BASIC CONCEPT OF VALUEMORAL EDUCATION 1

MR 1351 D

PROGRAM PERSEDIAAN IJAZAH SARJANA

MUDA PERGURUANPENGAJIAN CINA

AMBILAN JULAI 2010

7 AUGUST 2010by

Tengku Zahiri Tengku Abdul Wahab


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Basic Concept Of Value

The dictionary defines value as something or somematter that can be gauged firstly from the point of

view or price which can be counted and secondly

from intrinsic quality, i.e something that can be felt

internally or in our thoughts

Hence value exist in many aspects

It is found in morality

In fact morality is a type of value even though not all

values are moral


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Examp le 1: On our red currency notes, Bank Negara

Malaysia makes the declaration Wang Kertas ini sah

diperlakukan dengan nilai sepuluh ringgit

With this, we use the note to the value of RM 10 just as

it is fixed and legalised by BNM

This means that we can buy something that costs

RM10 with this note

This is the example of value from the materialistic

aspect

From the aspect of morality, there is no difference

between a theft of RM10 and of RM 100 though

certainly difference in monetary value

Commiting theft whether of ten ringgit or of thousand

ringgit is an act that is unacceptable


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Example 2: In society if a person has a lot of moneyhe is considered rich and if he does not have muchmoney he is considered poor

However we should not assess a person solely onthe basis of his wealth or the amount of his wealth orthe amount of money he posseses

Instead we should appraise him from the point of

view of his quality of living, his character and themoral values that he posseses

Such intrinsic values can only be felt by the personconcerned, or are noticed or taken into account bypeople who observe them

Such a situation explains why there are people whoare rich and yet do not feel happy in life and areconstantly living in fear


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In terms of value and quality of life, poor people dosometimes find themselves in a better situation thantheir richer counterpart

This raise the issue of people who place moreimpotance on non-moral values than on moral values

There are people who strive to own valuable propertybut neglect moral and religious values

There are also individuals who cling on to certainmoral values to the extent that they miss out onopportunities to obtain wealth in the form of money etc

There are also people who place importance on bothtypes of values and lead lives that are physically andspritually well-balanced


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Hence the values of a person may differ from those

of another and the perception of an individual

towards a certain value may also differ from that of

another individual

For instance we refrain from doing anything that may

cause us to be infected with AIDS because we value

life and do not wist to die

There may be people who consider other values

more important in this instance values like honesty,

faithfulness, fairness, gratefulness to God, patience

etc

Nevertheless, all these values are capable of

preventing an individual from engaging in practices

that may infect him with AIDS


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This examples show that value can be considered in

various aspects

Values also has several characteristics In humans value can be seen, appraised and felt

through the subjects speech, movements, conduct,

attitude and actions

For instance, a child who is taught the value ofpoliteness or courtesy will speak politely and behave

properly only if that child understands and appreciates

the value that he has been taught

The childs behaviour will be noticed and appraised bypeople around him, and he might be labelled as a

polite boy, a boy who lacks politeness or an impolite

boy


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TYPES OFMORALVALUES

COMPARED


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Human beings are not only intelligent and can speak,

but they also like to evaluate and can differentiatebetween good and evil, beautiful and ugly, valuable

and invaluable

As a result, evaluating and making choices are main

human functions which are carried out most of thetime

Roughly the term value is used in three different

contexts


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Value as an atrribute. The English saying, Time is

Moneyor Malay proverb Masa itu emas both depict

time as being precious value

Value as a measure of price or of marks assigned to

something, i.e quantity. In the question , what value

did the head of department give you for your work

perfomance?. Value here means the total marks thatis quantity given to the officer by the head of

department when the later assessed your work

perfomance in the Work Perfomance Assessment

Form of the civil service in Malaysia


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Value in axiological context, i.e pertaining to moralor aesthetic value judgements. Consider this Malaypantun :

Jangan ditangkap burung yang terbang

Turun hinggap di tepi paya

Jangan diharap kepada orang

Usaha sendiri hingga berjaya

Personal effort is an important factor in realising thethings we hope for in life, not dependence on otherpeople

In short, value funtcions as a yardstick or a standard

for anything that humans do, desire and wish for,whether it can be seen, heard or felt by our senses


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Instrumental (Extrinsic) Values and Intrinsic Values

Instrumental or Extrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Quality received or rejected asinstrument to achieve certain objective

Dependent on other values to

achieve certain objective

Second order values, e.g bravery,

diligince, respect for others

Quality received or rejected solelybecause it is good or bad without

considering its effect

Not dependent on other values to

achieve certain objectives. The value

mentioned is itself the final objective

First order values, e.g kindness,love

Example

Bombing Hiroshima to end the war

Imposing the death penalty for drugtraffickers to stamp out drug trafficiking

activities

Example

A judge passes a death by hanging

sentence on a person found guilty oftrafficking drug purely because it is

obligatory for the judge to do so

because of the lawnot because the

judge himself wishes to stamp out drug


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2. Subjective Values and Objectives Values

Subjectives Values General

Quality accepted or rejected bysomeone who gives his views

Accepted or rejected on the basis of

an individuals opinion

Quality that may be valuable or notvaluable but free from personal choice

Accepted or rejected on the basis of

a set of criteria agreed upon by all or a

majority of people

Example :The USAs desire to attack Iraq

Britain said that the US should

attack Iraq for the sake of long term

peace in the world so that Iraq could

not continue to produce weapons of

mass destruction. France on the otherhand said that US should not attack

Iraq because such an attack would

sacrife the lives of many innocent

people

Example :War is horrible tragedy

Slavery does not reflect

humanitarian values

Child labour is a cruel practice

which must be abolished


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Relative Values and Absolute Values

Relative Values Absolute Values

Value accepted or rejected by

regulations in a society in order to

achieve certain societal objectives

It is arbitrary, not perfect and

differs in other societies

Can change with times

Value the worth of which is not

related to the custom of a certain

society

Generally accepted and tested or

proven to be good or bad

Constant at all times and in all

places and in almost all norms of

society

In Kuala Lumpur, a family can

develop only through an official

marriage of a couple. On the other

hand, in California, a family can be

formed without an official marriage

Living as a legally married couple

is a good practice


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Basic Concept of Value