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8/3/2019 Basic GPS Course
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Basic GPS Course Or,
Where the heck am I ???
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NBGSARA Basic GPS Course 2
Agenda
09:00
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NBGSARA Basic GPS Course 4
What is the Global
Positioning System? Space-based, worldwide radio-
navigation system. Constellation of 24
satellites(plus spares) ingeosynchronous orbits, and anetwork of ground controlstations.
Free access, highly accuratepositioning data is available to
GPS receivers anywhere in theworld. Developed and owned by the
US Dept of Defense.
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NBGSARA Basic GPS Course 5
Many Different Receivers
Garmin, Magellan,Trimble etc.
Handheld, surveyor,permanent mountedin vehicles.
http://www.garmin.com/products/etrexLegend/http://www.garmin.com/products/gpsmap60cx/http://www.garmin.com/products/etrexsummit/http://www.garmin.com/products/etrex/8/3/2019 Basic GPS Course
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NBGSARA Basic GPS Course 6
How Does GPS work?
Satellitesconstantlytransmit a stream
of coded signalsat low power. GPS receivers are
programmed withthe generalpositions of thesatelliteconstellations,and their identifierdata.
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How Accurate is it? Depends on the type of receiver, and
terrain. Average handheld receiver:
10 to 15 meters newer models 5 meters
Graphic of person standing in a10 m circle
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Before Proceeding!
Need to cover some basicbackground material.
Give you a better understanding ofwhat your GPS is telling you!
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First things first! A Review!
Need to know about maps andcoordinate reference systems: Universal Transverse Mercator
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Positioning/Mapping Review
When we discuss our position, we always usesome form of reference frame. We do thisautomatically:
Im about 10 feet in front of you ; or He lives next to the Tim Hortons ; or Im at Grid reference 318 765 .
The last statement uses a Grid reference anartificial grid of lines drawn on a map toprovide a standardized reference frame for allusers.
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Universal Transverse
Mercator We use the UTM (Universal Trans Mercator)
grid reference system, since it is over-laid onall topo maps, and is widely accepted for
terrestrial operations. Maps are by necessity flat representations of
the curved surface of the earth. They useProjections to approximate the curves of theearths surface.
Mercator projections peel back the curvedsurface of the earth, and represent areas asflat Zones on maps.
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6366 60
15N
30N
45N
0N (Equator)
60N
75N
84N
15S
30S
45S
60S
75S
80S
Each UTM Zone is Centred on a Meridian
0m 500,000m 1,000,000m0m
2,000,000m
4,000,000m
6,000,000m
10,000,000m
8,000,000m
0m
2,000,000m
4,000,000m
6,000,000m
10,000,000m
8,000,000m The UTM coordinate
system is overlaid on top ofthe geographic (lat/long)coordinate system.
The two systems coincidein each of 60 UTM zonesat:
The equator Each zones central
meridian (63in eg) Boundary of each UTM
zone defined by meridians3east & west of centralmeridian (66& 60in eg)
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UTM zones of Canada
New
Brunswickis in zone19 & 20 T
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Horizontal linesmeasure Northing
Vertical linesmeasure Easting.
UTM positions areread Easting first,then Northing.
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UTM for Our Area - 20 or 19T
TU
2019
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So.if we look at the map..
We are 5,124,000 meters or5,124 km from the equator inZone 20This measurement is called thenorthing .
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A Grid Square (1 km x 1 km)
Read as: 60 (easting), 38 (northing)
What is the UTM for the X ?
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UTM Example
20T 3 83 000 51 24 000 (Buctouche Map)
20T 3 82 000 50 41 000 (Alma Map)
UTMZoneNo.
UTMLatitude
BandLetter
EastingValue
NorthingValue
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MGRS A subset of UTM
Divides UTM in smaller 100,000msquares identified by two letters eg.
LG An MGRS is made up of 5 parts:1) A zone,2) latitude band,3) MGRS square identification,4) an easting, and5) a northing
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MGRS example
20T LG 830 240 (Buctouche Map)
20T LR 820 410 (Alma Map)
UTMZoneNo.
UTMLatitude
BandLetter
EastingValue
NorthingValue
MGRSsquare
Versus 3 83 000 51 24 000
Versus 382000 5041000
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All those things to set ?
Why do we care about all these numbers? Because all GPS units are configured to work with
multiple reference frames, anywhere in the world.
They give far more information than is required forlocal navigation.
Practically, this means YOU must be able toconfigure a GPS to work correctly in YOUR zone(with your maps) and be able to extract the important
numbers from a position screen.
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Which of the 36 Grid
Systems????
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Datum
Once a grid system is chosen, that system mustitself be referenced to the land-masses shown onthe maps. This refers to the DATUM of thetopographical map you are using.
DATUM is the set of survey data used to createthe map. It is shown on the map, in a title block.
It is critical that your GPS be set to use the same DATUM as your map!
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Which of the 127 Datums to
Use????
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Check Datum Incorrect datum settings can result in
errors in position of hundreds of meters you may be using another country !
CHECKING and setting the position format, or grid,(UTM, MGRS) and the DATUM (usually NAD 83,
NAD 27, or WGS 84)is the first thing to do EVERY time you turnon a GPS.
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Now Back to the GPS
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What can a GPS do for you?
Provide your current position anywhere, anytime.
Display a line of past positions (atrack) and store them. Store a large number of known
locations waypoints. Give you real-time estimates on your
travel progress.
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Setup Position Format, Map
Datum Set-up position
format and map
datum to matchpaper map. If not using same
map datum can beout 100s of meters.
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Setup of Heading
True Magnetic
Grid
In our area thedifference between Trueand Magnetic is approx.18 - 19West
Which way is north?
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Setting Waypoints All have screens to set waypoints.
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Waypoint GOTO Once you have a waypoint,
you can navigate to it usingthe Goto command.
Newer models have a choiceof: Follow roads Follow off-road
Normally directs you in astraight line as -the-crow- flies.
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Navigating to Waypoint Navigating to a
waypoint: Gives compass
bearing, Distance to point, Estimated time to get
there, based oncurrent rate of travel.
Heading: Your moving direction.
Bearing: The direction from your current
location to a destination.
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Be Careful with GOTO
GPS tells you to go 3.8kmat a bearing of 248true.
Have to look at the map to
see what terrain isbetween the start andend position.
Need to plan your route!
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Setup of Tracks
Turn Track LogOn
Set colour tosomething otherthan transparent .
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A Point About Accuracy
Training exercise, Irishtown Nature Park:28 Aug 2004, 9 to 11pm
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Position Formats
Position:Map Datum:North Ref:
Position: Decimal degrees(hddd.ddddd )
Map Datum: WGS84North Ref: True
Position: Degrees, decimal minutes( hddd mm.mmm )
Map Datum: WGS84North Ref: True
Position: MGRSMap Datum: NAD27/WGS84North Ref: Grid
http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.city.red-deer.ab.ca/NR/rdonlyres/5707A3B7-139C-4F42-A5E7-5CA9ABB1CED9/0/HelicopterinSky.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.city.red-deer.ab.ca/Connecting%2Bwith%2BYour%2BCity/City%2BServices%2Band%2BDepartments/RCMP/General%2BRCMP%2BInformation/RCMP%2BPhoto%2BGallery.htm&h=150&w=200&sz=8&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=Xj4i_RlW4-OFdM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drcmp%2Bhelicopter%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG8/3/2019 Basic GPS Course
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SAR Uses
Finding start positions Marking end positions
Mapping trails found Route planning getting around unsafeareas
Navigate to another team, waypoint, etc.with a GOTO
What happens if the GPS fails how do Iget back home?
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Downloading/Uploading
Can download/upload: Waypoints
Tracks Routes to/from GPS units into
mapping software
http://www.garmin.com/products/gpsmap60cx/8/3/2019 Basic GPS Course
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Always Remember! 1. Allow unit to lock on to 4 or more satellites.2. ALWAYS save your starting point as a waypoint (lets call
it home ) write it in your field notebook.3. Clear the track log & old waypoints before starting a task.4. Set the odometer/trip to zero.5. Keep extra batteries and keep GPS warm.6. Does NOT replace map & compass. Take map & compass
with you.7. Always check/set (according to map reference):
Position format Map datum North reference
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The only way to ..
be comfortable with your GPS is to practice, (on your sofa)
.. practice , (out for a walk)
.. practice (in your car) !
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So, Dont forget!
Which Map Datum ?
Which Position Format or Grid?
Which North Reference?Magnetic
Grid True
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GPS Specific Screens
Lets run through the screens forGPSmap60Cx or 76Cx
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GPSmap 60Cx / 76Cx
Satellite Main Menu Map Trip Compass
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Trip Push Menu Choice of 7 itemsto reset .
Suggest choosingthese fields for SARpurposes
P h M
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Compass
Note:
Heading Field
Bearing Field
Best to use:
Bearing Pointerfor SAR
ALWAYS ..
STOP Navigationwhen finished witha GOTO.
Push MenuWhen a GOTO is Active.
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Creating a Waypoint
Push Mark
Push Enter ,inside name fieldto get on-screen
keypad
Push Enter ,inside Location
to get on-screenkeypad
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Finding a Waypoint
Push Find List Push MenuGoto
Waypoint
ALWAYS ..STOP Navigationwhen finished witha GOTO.
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Hands-On!
Now lets put some waypoints intoour GPS and see what we can find!
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Outdoor Exercises
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R eference
M aterial
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Electronic Maps
Mapquest find latitude/longitude http://www.mapquest.com/maps/main.adp?for
mtype=latlong&cat=&address=&city=&state=&
zipcode= Google Earth: http://earth.google.com/ Map Source: (from Garmin)
Topographic maps Metro Guide maps
Service NB NB Atlas: http://www.snb.ca/gdam-igec/e/2900e_1.asp
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Reference Material
Two good manuals: http://www.garmin.com/aboutGPS/manual.html
GPSGuideforBeginners_Manual.pdf
UsingaGarminGPSwithPaperLandMaps_Manual.pdf US Coast Guard service interruptions
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps/gpsnotices/default.htm
Geocache web site: http://www.geocaching.com/
Topographic map information: http://maps.nrcan.gc.ca/topo101/index_e.php http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map