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about harmonic
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( 50 Hz)
50 Hz
( Linear Load) R ,L, C
(Non - Linear Load) ON - OFF SCR , IGBT
Total Harmonic Current Distortion :THDI
converter 6-pHarmonic PU Value Harmonic PU Value 1 1.00 5 0.192 29 0.014 7 0.132 31 0.012 11 0.073 35 0.011 13 0.057 37 0.010 17 0.035 41 0.009 19 0.027 43 0.008 23 0.020 47 0.008 25 0.016 49 0.007
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionSingle Phase supply80%(high 3rd)Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionSemiconverter87%(high 2nd, 3rd,4th)
Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion6 Pluseconvertersmoothingno series inductance80%
Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion6 Pluseconverter,capacitivesmoothingwith series inductance>3%or DC Drive40%
Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion6 Pluseconverterwith largeinductorfor currentsmooting28%
Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion12 Pluseconverter
15%
Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionAC VoltageRegulator
Varies withFiring angle(51%)
Non-Liner Load
Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionFluorescentLighting
17%
Non-Liner Load
Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion :THDV
Displacement Power Factor : DPF
Power Factor : PF
DPF PF
Characteristic Converter
6P 12P 5 11 7 13 11 23 13 25 17 35
converter 6-pHarmonic PU Value Harmonic PU Value 1 1.00 5 0.192 29 0.014 7 0.132 31 0.012 11 0.073 35 0.011 13 0.057 37 0.010 17 0.035 41 0.009 19 0.027 43 0.008 23 0.020 47 0.008 25 0.016 49 0.007
converter 12-pHarmonic PU Value Harmonic PU Value 1 1.00 5 0.0192 29 0.0014 7 0.0132 31 0.0012 11 0.073 35 0.011 13 0.057 37 0.010 17 0.0035 41 0.0009 19 0.0027 43 0.0008 23 0.020 47 0.008 25 0.016 49 0.007
Point of Common Coupling : PCC
Harmonic flow
Harmonic flow
Source of Harmonic Electronic equipment Power electronic Arcing devices Saturable devices overexcited
Electronic equipment Electronic Ballast
IEC 1000 - 3 - 2 THDi < 34.8 %
Electronic Ballast
Electronic equipment
Switching Mode Power Supply : SMPS
Switching Mode Power Supply : SMPS
Power electronic - Power Rectifier- Static Power Converter
Adjustable Speed Drive :ASD
Adjustable Speed Drive :ASD
Arcing devices Induction FurnaceArc Welding / Spot Welding Arc Furnace
(Arc Furnace)
Arc Furnace - Scrap-Metal Arc Furnace - Ladle Arc Furnace
Harmonic Scrap-Metal Ladle Order Arc Furnace Arc Furnace 2 5.0 pu. 2.0 pu. 3 20.0 pu. 10.0 pu. 4 3.0 pu. 2.0 pu. 5 10.0 pu. 10.0 pu. 6 1.5 pu. 1.5 pu. 7 6.0 pu. 6.0 pu. 8 1.0 pu. 1.0 pu. 9 3.0 pu. 3.0 pu. 11 2.0 pu. 2.0 pu. 13 1.0 pu. 1.0 pu.
Saturation devices overexcited Transformer Induction motor generator
Transformer No Load
Transformer magnetization(with out hysteresis)Magnetization curveFlux and Magnetization current wave form
3
Transformer magnetization(including hysteresis)
(B) B (B x A)
3
()
MVASc
EX TR= 1000 kVA, ZT =6.25, Cap= 300kVAR
KVAr
KVAr
700 kVAr
500 kVAr
Base Line
0 kVAr
250 kVAr
150 kVAr
13TH
11TH
7TH
5TH
x
Std. IEC 1000-3-6
Equivalent circuit
Chart2
11.13210.757.810.7
2826.5525.5226.25
161136.5267.2894.59
56.1759.8746.2753.63
27.612826.327.5
18.91918.519
14.6814.814.514.7
12.0912.181212.1
10.3410.3810.2710.35
R = 0 W , L = 0 W
R = 0 W , L = 1 MW
R = 1 MW , L = 0 W
R = 0.5 MW,L = 0.5 MW
%Z/MVA
%Z/MVA
Sheet1
Load R =0.05MW
ZT =27.7653027159Load L =0.1MW
Xsub =0.0333h =5h * Xsub=0.1665Z1 =0.1665i
R22 =1.757h =5R22 =1.757Z2 =1.757
X22 =0.006826h =5h * X22=0.03413Z3 =3.413E-002i
RT=0.125h =5RT=0.125Z4=0.125
XT=3h =5h * XT=15Z5 =15i
Rp=2000h =5Rp=2000Z6 =2000
Xc=166.666h =5Xc/h=-33.3332Z7 =-33.3332i
Xm=1000h=5Xm*h=5000Z8=5000i
Z1+Z2 =1.757+0.1665i
Z3+Z4 =0.125+3.413E-002i
Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4 =1.882+0.20063i
ZT1=Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4+Z5 =1.882+15.20063i
ZT2 = ZT1//Z6 = ZT1*Z6/(ZT1+Z6)1.99542811009962+15.1711880298673i
ZT1*Z6 =3764+30401.26i
ZT1+Z6 =2001.882+15.20063i
ZT3 =ZT2//Z7 = ZT2*Z7/(ZT2+Z7)6.64127087910324+27.1144004886715i
ZT2 *Z7 =505.704244837173-66.5140042795726i
ZT2 + Z7=1.99542811009962-18.1620119701327i
ZT4 =ZT3//Z8 = ZT3*Z8/(ZT3+Z8)6.5698114857732+26.9768347280651i
ZT3 *Z8=-135572.002443357+33206.3543955162i
ZT3 + Z8=6.64127087910324+5027.11440048867i
Sheet2
Order35791113151719
R = 0 W , L = 0 W11.1322816156.1727.6118.914.6812.0910.34
R = 0 W , L = 1 MW10.7526.55136.5259.87281914.812.1810.38
R = 1 MW , L = 0 W7.825.5267.2846.2726.318.514.51210.27
R = 0.5 MW,L = 0.5 MW10.726.2594.5953.6327.51914.712.110.35
Sheet2
R = 0 W , L = 0 W
R = 0 W , L = 1 MW
R = 1 MW , L = 0 W
R = 0.5 MW,L = 0.5 MW
%Z/MVA
%Z/MVA
Sheet3
Rated Capacitor IEEE Std.18-1992Maximum Operating Voltage 110% of Rated rms VoltageMaximum Peak Voltage 120% of Rated Peak VoltageTotal rms Current 180 % of Rated rms CurrentTotal kVAR 135% of Rated kVAR
3 Harmonic Order 3 (Zero Sequence) 3 4 Single phase electronic load SMPS
Harmonic Relationship to Symmetrical Component
Harmonic Number
Sequence Component
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
1
Positive
IA (0
IB (120
IC (240
3
Zero
I3A (0
I3B (0
I3C (0
5
Negative
I5A (0
I5B (240
I5C (120
7
Positive
I7A (0
I7B (120
I7C (240
9
Zero
I9A (0
I9B (0
I9C (0
11
Negative
I11A (0
I11B (240
I11C (120
13
Positive
I13A (0
I13B (120
I13C (240
15
Zero
I15A (0
I15B (0
I15C (0
17
Negative
I17A (0
I17B (240
I17C (120
3
The third harmonic for Single phase electronic loadtypically in the rang 60-90 % of the fundamental (P519A/D5Guide for Applying Harmonic Limits on Power System) Calculation
3 3
IEEE Std.C57.110-1986
Load loss (PLL) = I2R + PEC (Stay Loss)
PEC : eddy current loss
PEC-R :. eddy current loss factor
N = 1 N = 1.5 RH RL = 2 / 9 RH RL = 2 / 3
Tr 2000 kVA ,11kV/400V 75 C 15750 W 2890 W RH = 1.083 RL = 0.000845 Tr DY11 RMS 2000A
Sol IH-R = 150 A, IL-R = 2887 A 2000 A IH = 72.7 A, IL-R = 2000 ARH =1.24 , RL = 0.000563 PEC-R=15750 - 1.5 (1502 x 0.24 +28872+0.000563)= 4742 W
= 4742 x 6.123 = 29034 W
= 29034 + 1.5(72.72 x 0.24 +20002 x 0.000561)= 34314 W
PEC-R :Eddy Current Loss Factor 150 VA - 225 KVA Pec-r 5 - 10 %
UL 1561(Underwriter Laboratorier) K K-factor
6-P Transformer Dry type 1000 kVA , 400 V, PEC-R=0.08
Harmonic number
Frequency
Current Ih (pu.)
Ih2
Ih2. h2
1
50
1.000
1.000
1.000
3
150
0.016
0.000
0.002
5
250
0.261
0.068
1.703
7
350
0.050
0.003
0.123
9
270
0.003
0.000
0.001
11
550
0.089
0.008
0.958
13
650
0.031
0.001
0.162
15
750
0.020
0.000
0.090
17
850
0.048
0.002
0.666
19
950
0.026
0.001
0.244
21
1050
0.001
0.000
0.000
23
1150
0.003
0.000
0.005
25
1250
0.021
0.000
0.276
Totals :
1.084
5.230
K-Factor Transformer derating
SMPS
Misoperation of equipment Circuit Breaker Fuses Protective Relay Meter
Circuit Breaker (Trip Point)
Fuse (Skin effect) -
Protective Relay - Electromagnetic RMS
Protective Relay () - Digital (Crest Voltage) Sampling Zero Crossing 20 %
Meter 50 Hz
- IEC-1000-3-6 , P519A/D5Stage1Stage2 IEC-1000-3-6 Wi = 2.5 P519A/D5 Wi = 1
Harmonic Assessment EX . 400/230 V , = 10 MVA 6 Pulse Converter with large inductor for current smoothing 12 kW 8 kW
Stage1
Stage2 Type of Load Typical Wave form Weight Factor6 Pluseconverterwith largeinductorfor currentsmooting
0.8
Harmonic Assessment IEEE 141-1993 MVASC ; Short-circuit capacity MVAH ; Power rating for load harmonic
%THDv = 5, Converter 6-P SCR < 45 %THDv = 5, Converter 12-P SCR < 29
Chart1
11.24715622387.31291453
10.22468747626.6481041182
9.37263018656.0940954417
8.65165863375.6253188692
8.0336830175.2235103786
7.49810414924.8752763533
7.02947263994.5705715813
6.61597424934.3017144294
6.24842012434.0627302944
5.91955590733.8489023842
5.62357811193.656457265
5.3557886783.4823402524
5.11234373813.3240520591
4.89006792343.1795280565
4.68631509333.0470477208
4.49886248952.925165812
4.32582931692.8126594346
4.16561341622.708486863
4.01684150852.6117551893
3.87832973242.5216946655
3.74905207462.4376381767
6-P
12-P
SCR
%THD
Sheet1
con 6-pI1I5I7I11I13I17I19I23I25I29I31I35I37I41I43I47I49Con 6-P
%pu.10.1920.1320.0730.0570.0350.0270.020.0160.0140.0120.0110.010.0090.0080.0080.00722kV, 0.5 MVA
Order571113171923252931353741434749IL = 13.122A
MVAsc%Vh% V5% V7% V11% V13% V17% V19% V23% V25% V29% V31% V35% V37% V41% V43% V47% V49SCR%THDv
148.00006604846.200063571240.150055246437.050050980829.75004093625.650035294423.00003164820.0000275220.300027932818.600025593619.25002648818.50002545618.450025387217.200023667218.800025868817.15002359842112.4715622383
224.00003302423.100031785620.075027623218.525025490414.87502046812.825017647211.50001582410.0000137610.15001396649.30001279689.6250132449.2500127289.22501269368.60001183369.40001293448.5750117992456.2357811191
316.00002201615.400021190413.383351748812.35001699369.9166803128.55001176487.6666772166.666675846.76667597766.20000853126.4166754966.1666751526.15000846245.73334122246.26667528965.7166745328637.4905207461
412.00001651211.550015892810.03751381169.26251274527.4375102346.41250882365.7500079125.000006885.07500698324.65000639844.8125066224.6250063644.61250634684.30000591684.70000646724.2875058996828.1178905596
59.60001320969.24001271428.03001104937.41001019625.95000818725.13000705894.60000632964.0000055044.06000558663.72000511873.85000529763.70000509123.69000507743.44000473343.76000517383.43000471971022.4943124477
68.0000110087.70001059526.69167587446.17500849684.9583401564.27500588243.8333386083.333337923.38333798883.10000426563.2083377483.0833375763.07500423122.86667061123.13333764482.85833726641218.745260373
76.85715229266.60000908165.73572217815.29286442584.2500058483.66429075633.28571880692.85714678862.90000399042.65714651342.7500037842.64286077942.63571791252.45714623822.68571798132.45000337121416.067366034
86.0000082565.77500794645.01875690584.63125637263.7187551173.20625441182.8750039562.500003442.53750349162.32500319922.4062533112.3125031822.30625317342.15000295842.35000323362.14375294981614.0589452798
95.3333406725.13334039684.46111724964.11667233123.3055601042.85000392162.5555590722.222225282.25555865922.06666951042.1388918322.0555583842.05000282081.91111374082.08889176321.90555817761812.4968402487
104.80000660484.62000635714.01500552463.70500509812.97500409362.56500352942.30000316482.0000027522.03000279331.86000255941.92500264881.85000254561.84500253871.72000236671.88000258691.71500235982011.2471562238
114.3636423684.20000577923.65000502243.36818645282.7045491762.33182139042.0909119681.818184321.84545708481.69091141761.7500024081.6818204961.67727503521.56363851521.70909326081.55909305442210.2246874762
124.0000055043.85000529763.34583793723.08750424842.4791700782.13750294121.9166693041.666668961.69166899441.55000213281.6041688741.5416687881.53750211561.43333530561.56666882241.4291686332249.3726301865
133.69231277293.55385104393.08846578822.85000392162.28846468741.9730796381.76923320371.53846365541.56154061021.43077119951.48077126831.42307888121.41923272211.32307874361.44615583611.3192325845268.6516586337
143.42857614633.30000454082.8678610892.64643221292.1250029241.83214537821.64285940341.42857339431.45000199521.32857325671.3750018921.32143038971.31785895621.22857311911.34285899061.2250016856288.033683017
153.20000440323.08000423812.67667034982.47000339871.98333606241.7100023531.53333544321.3333351681.35333519551.24000170621.28333509921.23333503041.23000169251.14666824451.25333505791.1433349066307.4981041492
163.0000041282.88750397322.50937845292.31562818631.85937755851.60312720591.4375019781.250001721.26875174581.16250159961.20312665551.1562515911.15312658671.07500147921.17500161681.0718764749327.0294726399
172.82353329692.71765079832.36176795572.17941476361.7500024081.50882560561.35294303811.17647220711.19411929021.09411915261.13235449931.08823679151.0852956111.01176609811.10588387461.0088249176346.6159742493
182.6666703362.56667019842.23055862482.05833616561.6527800521.42500196081.2777795361.111112641.12777932961.03333475521.0694459161.0277791921.02500141040.95555687041.04444588160.9527790888366.2484201243
192.52631926572.43158229322.11316080241.95000268321.56579162821.35000185761.21052798151.05263302741.06842252280.97894871551.01315928880.97368555030.97105396770.90526440350.98947504570.902632821385.9195559073
202.40000330242.31000317862.00750276231.8525025491.48750204681.28250176471.15000158241.0000013761.01500139660.93000127970.96250132440.92500127280.92250126940.86000118340.94000129340.8575011799405.6235781119
212.28571743092.20000302721.91190739271.76428814191.4166686161.22143025211.09523960230.95238226290.96666799680.88571550450.9166679280.88095359310.87857263750.81904874610.89523932710.8166677904425.355788678
222.1818211842.10000288961.82500251121.68409322641.3522745881.16591069521.0454559840.909092160.92272854240.84545570880.8750012040.8409102480.83863751760.78181925760.85454663040.7795465272445.1123437381
232.08695939342.00869841611.74565457591.61087178181.29348004071.11521892581.0000013760.86956641390.88260991010.80869676490.83695767340.80434893290.80217501680.7478271160.81739242910.7456531999464.8900679234
242.0000027521.92500264881.67291896861.54375212421.2395850391.06875147060.9583346520.833334480.84583449720.77500106640.8020844370.7708343940.76875105780.71666765280.78333441120.7145843166484.6863150933
251.92000264191.84800254281.60600220991.48200203921.19000163741.02600141180.92000126590.80000110080.81200111730.74400102370.77000105950.74000101820.73800101550.68800094670.75200103480.6860009439504.4988624895
261.84615638651.7769255221.54423289411.42500196081.14423234370.9865398190.88461660180.76923182770.78077030510.71538559980.74038563420.71153944060.7096163610.66153937180.7230779180.6596162922524.3258293169
271.7777802241.71111346561.48703908321.37222411041.1018533680.95000130720.8518530240.740741760.75185288640.68888983680.7129639440.6851861280.68333427360.63703791360.69629725440.6351860592544.1656134162
281.71428807311.65000227041.43393054451.32321610651.0625014620.91607268910.82142970170.71428669710.72500099760.66428662830.6875009460.66071519490.65892947810.61428655950.67142949530.6125008428564.0168415085
291.65517469131.59310564041.38448466371.27758796491.02586348060.88448397570.79310453960.68965612140.70000096320.64138019290.66379401680.63793191230.6362077720.59310426440.64827675410.5913801241583.8783297324
301.60000220161.5400021191.33833517491.23500169940.99166803120.85500117650.76666772160.6666675840.67666759780.62000085310.64166754960.61666751520.61500084620.57333412220.6266675290.5716674533603.7490520746
311.54838922741.49032463131.29516307251.19516293490.95967873990.82742049340.74193650480.64516217810.65483961070.60000082560.62096859640.59677501470.59516210930.55483947310.60645244740.5532265677623.6281149109
321.5000020641.44375198661.25468922651.15781409320.92968877930.80156360290.7187509890.625000860.63437587290.58125079980.60156332770.57812579550.57656329340.53750073960.58750080840.5359382375643.5147363199
331.4545474561.40000192641.21666834081.12272881760.9015163920.77727379680.6969706560.606061440.61515236160.56363713920.5833341360.5606068320.55909167840.52121283840.56969775360.5196976848663.4082291587
341.41176664851.35882539921.18088397781.08970738180.8750012040.75441280280.67647151910.58823610350.59705964510.54705957630.56617724960.54411839580.54264780550.5058830490.55294193730.5044124588683.3079871247
351.37143045851.32000181631.14714443561.05857288520.85000116960.73285815130.65714376140.57142935770.58000079810.53142930270.55000075680.52857215590.52714358250.49142924760.53714359630.4900006742703.2134732068
361.3333351681.28333509921.11527931241.02916808280.8263900260.71250098040.6388897680.555556320.56388966480.51666737760.5347229580.5138895960.51250070520.47777843520.52222294080.4763895444723.1242100622
371.29729908241.24865036681.08513662831.00135272920.80405516040.69324419710.6216224770.54054128430.54864940360.50270339440.52027098620.5000006880.49864933480.46486550450.50810880730.4635141513743.0397719524
381.26315963281.21579114661.05658040120.97500134160.78289581410.67500092880.60526399070.52631651370.53421126140.48947435770.50657964440.48684277520.48552698390.45263220180.49473752290.4513164105762.9597779536
391.23077092431.18461701461.02948859610.95000130720.76282156250.65769321270.58974440120.51282121850.52051353670.47692373320.49359042280.47435962710.4730775740.44102624790.48205194540.4397441948782.8838862112
401.20000165121.15500158931.00375138120.92625127450.74375102340.64125088240.57500079120.5000006880.50750069830.46500063980.48125066220.46250063640.46125063470.43000059170.47000064670.42875059802.811789056
411.17073331821.12683081880.97926964020.903659780.72561075450.62561061690.56097638170.48780554930.49512263250.45365916080.46951284120.45122013310.45000061920.41951277240.45853721630.4182932585822.7432088351
421.14285871541.10000151360.95595369630.8821440710.7083343080.61071512610.54761980110.47619113140.48333399840.44285775220.4583339640.44047679660.43928631870.4095243730.44761966350.4083338952842.677894339
431.11628060581.07442008310.9337222150.86162909260.69186141710.59651244870.53488445690.46511691910.47209367290.43255873470.44767503460.43023315010.42907035780.40000055040.43720990390.3988377581862.6156177265
441.0909105921.05000144480.91250125560.84204661320.6761372940.58295534760.5227279920.454546080.46136427120.42272785440.4375006020.4204551240.41931875880.39090962880.42727331520.3897732636882.5561718691
451.06666813441.02666807940.89222344990.82333446620.66111202080.57000078430.51111181440.4444450560.45111173180.41333390210.42777836640.41111167680.41000056420.38222274820.41777835260.3811116355902.4993680497
461.04347969671.00434920810.8728272880.80543589090.64674002030.55760946290.5000006880.4347832070.44130495510.40434838250.41847883670.40217446640.40108750840.3739135580.40869621450.3728266922.4450339617
471.0212780010.9829800760.85425649460.7882989570.63297959440.54574543180.48936237550.42553250040.43191548790.39574522540.40957503170.39361756290.39255373160.36595795040.40000055040.3648941191942.3930119625
481.0000013760.96250132440.83645948430.77187606210.61979251950.53437573530.4791673260.416667240.42291724860.38750053320.40104221850.3854171970.38437552890.35833382640.39166720560.3572921583962.3431575466
490.97959318470.94285844020.81938888260.75612348940.60714369260.5234701080.4693884010.40816382690.41428628430.37959235910.39285768340.37755153990.37653113040.35102089120.38367399730.3500004816982.2953380049
500.9600013210.92400127140.80300110490.74100101960.59500081870.51300070590.4600006330.40000055040.40600055870.37200051190.38500052980.37000050910.36900050770.34400047330.37600051740.3430004721002.2494312448
con 12-pI1I5I7I11I13I17I19I23I25I29I31I35I37I41I43I47I49Con 12-P
%pu.10.01920.01320.0730.0570.00350.00270.020.0160.00140.00120.0110.010.00090.00080.0080.00722kV, 0.5 MVA
Order571113171923252931353741434749IL = 13.122A
MVAsc%Vh% V5% V7% V11% V13% V17% V19% V23% V25% V29% V31% V35% V37% V41% V43% V47% V49SCR%THDv
14.80000660484.620006357140.150055246437.05005098082.97500409362.565003529423.00003164820.000027522.03000279331.860002559419.25002648818.5000254561.84500253871.720002366718.800025868817.1500235984273.1291453
22.40000330242.310003178620.075027623218.52502549041.48750204681.282501764711.50001582410.000013761.01500139660.93000127979.6250132449.2500127280.92250126940.86000118349.40001293448.5750117992436.56457265
31.60000220161.54000211913.383351748812.35001699360.99166803120.85500117657.6666772166.666675840.67666759780.62000085316.4166754966.1666751520.61500084620.57333412226.26667528965.7166745328624.3763817667
41.20000165121.155001589310.03751381169.26251274520.74375102340.64125088245.7500079125.000006880.50750069830.46500063984.8125066224.6250063640.46125063470.43000059174.70000646724.2875058996818.282286325
50.9600013210.92400127148.03001104937.41001019620.59500081870.51300070594.60000632964.0000055040.40600055870.37200051193.85000529763.70000509120.36900050770.34400047333.76000517383.43000471971014.62582906
60.80000110080.77000105956.69167587446.17500849680.49583401560.42750058823.8333386083.333337920.33833379890.31000042663.2083377483.0833375760.30750042310.28666706113.13333764482.85833726641212.1881908833
70.68571522930.66000090825.73572217815.29286442580.42500058480.36642907563.28571880692.85714678860.2900003990.26571465132.7500037842.64286077940.26357179120.24571462382.68571798132.45000337121410.4470207571
80.60000082560.57750079465.01875690584.63125637260.37187551170.32062544122.8750039562.500003440.25375034920.23250031992.4062533112.3125031820.23062531730.21500029582.35000323362.1437529498169.1411431625
90.53333406720.51333403974.46111724964.11667233120.33055601040.28500039222.5555590722.222225280.22555586590.2066669512.1388918322.0555583840.20500028210.19111137412.08889176321.9055581776188.1254605889
100.48000066050.46200063574.01500552463.70500509810.29750040940.25650035292.30000316482.0000027520.20300027930.18600025591.92500264881.85000254560.18450025390.17200023671.88000258691.7150023598207.31291453
110.43636423680.42000057793.65000502243.36818645280.27045491760.2331821392.0909119681.818184320.18454570850.16909114181.7500024081.6818204960.16772750350.15636385151.70909326081.5590930544226.6481041182
120.40000055040.38500052983.34583793723.08750424840.24791700780.21375029411.9166693041.666668960.16916689940.15500021331.6041688741.5416687880.15375021160.14333353061.56666882241.4291686332246.0940954417
130.36923127730.35538510443.08846578822.85000392160.22884646870.19730796381.76923320371.53846365540.1561540610.143077121.48077126831.42307888120.14192327220.13230787441.44615583611.3192325845265.6253188692
140.34285761460.33000045412.8678610892.64643221290.21250029240.18321453781.64285940341.42857339430.14500019950.13285732571.3750018921.32143038970.13178589560.12285731191.34285899061.2250016856285.2235103786
150.32000044030.30800042382.67667034982.47000339870.19833360620.17100023531.53333544321.3333351680.13533351960.12400017061.28333509921.23333503040.12300016920.11466682441.25333505791.1433349066304.8752763533
160.30000041280.28875039732.50937845292.31562818630.18593775580.16031272061.4375019781.250001720.12687517460.116250161.20312665551.1562515910.11531265870.10750014791.17500161681.0718764749324.5705715813
170.28235332970.27176507982.36176795572.17941476360.17500024080.15088256061.35294303811.17647220710.1194119290.10941191531.13235449931.08823679150.10852956110.10117660981.10588387461.0088249176344.3017144294
180.26666703360.25666701982.23055862482.05833616560.16527800520.14250019611.2777795361.111112640.1127779330.10333347551.0694459161.0277791920.1025001410.0955556871.04444588160.9527790888364.0627302944
190.25263192660.24315822932.11316080241.95000268320.15657916280.13500018581.21052798151.05263302740.10684225230.09789487151.01315928880.97368555030.09710539680.09052644040.98947504570.902632821383.8489023842
200.24000033020.23100031792.00750276231.8525025490.14875020470.12825017651.15000158241.0000013760.10150013970.0930001280.96250132440.92500127280.09225012690.08600011830.94000129340.8575011799403.656457265
210.22857174310.22000030271.91190739271.76428814190.14166686160.12214302521.09523960230.95238226290.09666679970.08857155040.9166679280.88095359310.08785726370.08190487460.89523932710.8166677904423.4823402524
220.21818211840.2100002891.82500251121.68409322640.13522745880.11659106951.0454559840.909092160.09227285420.08454557090.8750012040.8409102480.08386375180.07818192580.85454663040.7795465272443.3240520591
230.20869593930.20086984161.74565457591.61087178180.12934800410.11152189261.0000013760.86956641390.0882609910.08086967650.83695767340.80434893290.08021750170.07478271160.81739242910.7456531999463.1795280565
240.20000027520.19250026491.67291896861.54375212420.12395850390.10687514710.9583346520.833334480.08458344970.07750010660.8020844370.7708343940.07687510580.07166676530.78333441120.7145843166483.0470477208
250.19200026420.18480025431.60600220991.48200203920.11900016370.10260014120.92000126590.80000110080.08120011170.07440010240.77000105950.74000101820.07380010150.06880009470.75200103480.6860009439502.925165812
260.18461563860.17769255221.54423289411.42500196080.11442323440.09865398190.88461660180.76923182770.07807703050.071538560.74038563420.71153944060.07096163610.06615393720.7230779180.6596162922522.8126594346
270.17777802240.17111134661.48703908321.37222411040.11018533680.09500013070.8518530240.740741760.07518528860.06888898370.7129639440.6851861280.06833342740.06370379140.69629725440.6351860592542.708486863
280.17142880730.1650002271.43393054451.32321610650.10625014620.09160726890.82142970170.71428669710.07250009980.06642866280.6875009460.66071519490.06589294780.0614286560.67142949530.6125008428562.6117551893
290.16551746910.1593105641.38448466371.27758796490.10258634810.08844839760.79310453960.68965612140.07000009630.06413801930.66379401680.63793191230.06362077720.05931042640.64827675410.5913801241582.5216946655
300.16000022020.15400021191.33833517491.23500169940.09916680310.08550011760.76666772160.6666675840.06766675980.06200008530.64166754960.61666751520.06150008460.05733341220.6266675290.5716674533602.4376381767
310.15483892270.14903246311.29516307251.19516293490.0959678740.08274204930.74193650480.64516217810.06548396110.06000008260.62096859640.59677501470.05951621090.05548394730.60645244740.5532265677622.3590046871
320.15000020640.14437519871.25468922651.15781409320.09296887790.08015636030.7187509890.625000860.06343758730.058125080.60156332770.57812579550.05765632930.0537500740.58750080840.5359382375642.2852857906
330.14545474560.14000019261.21666834081.12272881760.09015163920.07772737970.6969706560.606061440.06151523620.05636371390.5833341360.5606068320.05590916780.05212128380.56969775360.5196976848662.2160347061
340.14117666480.13588253991.18088397781.08970738180.08750012040.07544128030.67647151910.58823610350.05970596450.05470595760.56617724960.54411839580.05426478060.05058830490.55294193730.5044124588682.1508572147
350.13714304590.13200018161.14714443561.05857288520.0850001170.07328581510.65714376140.57142935770.05800007980.05314293030.55000075680.52857215590.05271435820.04914292480.53714359630.4900006742702.0894041514
360.13333351680.12833350991.11527931241.02916808280.08263900260.0712500980.6388897680.555556320.05638896650.05166673780.5347229580.5138895960.05125007050.04777784350.52222294080.4763895444722.0313651472
370.12972990820.12486503671.08513662831.00135272920.0804055160.06932441970.6216224770.54054128430.05486494040.05027033940.52027098620.5000006880.04986493350.04648655050.50810880730.4635141513741.9764633865
380.12631596330.12157911471.05658040120.97500134160.07828958140.06750009290.60526399070.52631651370.05342112610.04894743580.50657964440.48684277520.04855269840.04526322020.49473752290.4513164105761.9244511921
390.12307709240.11846170151.02948859610.95000130720.07628215620.06576932130.58974440120.51282121850.05205135370.04769237330.49359042280.47435962710.04730775740.04410262480.48205194540.4397441948781.8751062897
400.12000016510.11550015891.00375138120.92625127450.07437510230.06412508820.57500079120.5000006880.05075006980.0465000640.48125066220.46250063640.04612506350.04300005920.47000064670.42875059801.8282286325
410.11707333180.11268308190.97926964020.903659780.07256107550.06256106170.56097638170.48780554930.04951226330.04536591610.46951284120.45122013310.04500006190.04195127720.45853721630.4182932585821.7836376902
420.11428587150.11000015140.95595369630.8821440710.07083343080.06107151260.54761980110.47619113140.04833339980.04428577520.4583339640.44047679660.04392863190.04095243730.44761966350.4083338952841.7411701262
430.11162806060.10744200830.9337222150.86162909260.06918614170.05965124490.53488445690.46511691910.04720936730.04325587350.44767503460.43023315010.04290703580.0400000550.43720990390.3988377581861.7006777977
440.10909105920.10500014450.91250125560.84204661320.06761372940.05829553480.5227279920.454546080.04613642710.04227278540.4375006020.4204551240.04193187590.03909096290.42727331520.3897732636881.6620260295
450.10666681340.10266680790.89222344990.82333446620.06611120210.05700007840.51111181440.4444450560.04511117320.04133339020.42777836640.41111167680.04100005640.03822227480.41777835260.3811116355901.6250921178
460.10434796970.10043492080.8728272880.80543589090.0646740020.05576094630.5000006880.4347832070.04413049550.04043483820.41847883670.40217446640.04010875080.03739135580.40869621450.3728266921.5897640283
470.10212780010.09829800760.85425649460.7882989570.06329795940.05457454320.48936237550.42553250040.04319154880.03957452250.40957503170.39361756290.03925537320.0365957950.40000055040.3648941191941.5559392617
480.10000013760.09625013240.83645948430.77187606210.0619792520.05343757350.4791673260.416667240.04229172490.03875005330.40104221850.3854171970.03843755290.03583338260.39166720560.3572921583961.5235238604
490.09795931850.0942858440.81938888260.75612348940.06071436930.05234701080.4693884010.40816382690.04142862840.03795923590.39285768340.37755153990.0376531130.03510208910.38367399730.3500004816981.4924315367
500.09600013210.09240012710.80300110490.74100101960.05950008190.05130007060.4600006330.40000055040.04060005590.03720005120.38500052980.37000050910.03690005080.03440004730.37600051740.3430004721001.462582906
Sheet1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
SCR
%THDv
Sheet2
6-P12-P
2011.24715622387.31291453
2210.22468747626.6481041182
249.37263018656.0940954417
268.65165863375.6253188692
288.0336830175.2235103786
307.49810414924.8752763533
327.02947263994.5705715813
346.61597424934.3017144294
366.24842012434.0627302944
385.91955590733.8489023842
405.62357811193.656457265
425.3557886783.4823402524
445.11234373813.3240520591
464.89006792343.1795280565
484.68631509333.0470477208
504.49886248952.925165812
524.32582931692.8126594346
544.16561341622.708486863
564.01684150852.6117551893
583.87832973242.5216946655
603.74905207462.4376381767
Sheet2
6-P
12-P
SCR
%THD
Sheet3
Harmonic AssessmentSingle line System Rated capacitor & Harmonic
Equivalent Circuit
Calculation Rated capacitor
Maximum Operating Voltage 110% of Rated rms VoltageMaximum Peak Voltage 120% of Rated Peak VoltageTotal rms Current 180% of Rated rms CurrentTotal kVAR135% of Rated kVAR
Rated Capacitor IEEE Std.18-1992
Calculation Rated capacitor 100 KVARMaximum Operating Voltage 100.9% (110%)Maximum Peak Voltage 119.1% (120%) Total rms Voltage 201% (180%) Total kVAR 124% (135 %)
h
VC pu.
IC pu.
kVARC pu.
1
1.00
1.00
1.00
5
0.011
0.053
0.001
7
0.013
0.088
0.001
11
0.037
0.408
0.015
13
0.030
1.69
0.22
Calculation Rated capacitor 200 KVARMaximum Operating Voltage 100.1% (110%)Maximum Peak Voltage 106% (120%) Total rms Current 103.6% (180%) Total kVAR 100.9% (135 %)
h
VC pu.
IC pu.
kVARC pu.
1
1.00
1.00
1.00
5
0.013
0.065
0.001
7
0.023
0.160
0.004
11
0.017
0.184
0.003
13
0.007
0.094
0.001
(ZT=5-6%)
Assessment Harmonic Resonance
IEC 1000-4-7General guide on harmonic end interharmonics measurement and instrumentation, For power supply systems and equipment connected thereto
Power Quality Analyzer Dranetz 658
Reliable Power Recorder (RPM)
Fluke 413 Power Harmonic Analyzer
105.bin
- - CT PT -
(PCC)
(PCC)
Zero Sequencedelta transformer connection
wye transformer connection
CT PT - PT 3 KHz Accuracy 3 % 5 kHz CVT CVT
- CVT CVT - CT 5 KHz Accuracy 3 % 10 kHz
PRC-PQG-1998
24
10
7
10
Snapshots
Time Trends
Probability histogram
1 3
Case1Problem Generator System
Case1Problem Generator System
Case1Problem Generator System
Case1Problem Generator System
ASD 3
() 3
1. 3 2. 3
PRC-PQG-01-1998
*
PRC-PQG-01-1998 Power system Reliability Committee : PRC
Power Quality working Group : PQG
Engineering Recommendation G.5/3 September 1976 The Electricity Council Chief Engineer Conference Limits for Harmonics in The United Kingdom Electricity Supply System
*
1.
*
2.
*
3 1 - 1 - 3
*
1
- 5 kVA- IEC -1000-3-2
*
3
(PCC)
(kV)
Converter
3 phase
AC. Regulator
3 phase
3-
Pulse
(kVA)
6- Pulse
(kVA)
12- Pulse
(kVA)
6-
Thyristor
(kVA)
3-
Thyristor /
Diode (kVA)
0.400
8
12
-
14
10
11 and 12
85
130
250
150
100
2 (A) (PCC)
*
Voltage at
PCC (kV)
MVAsc
Base
Harmonic current distortion limits (Ih )(A rms)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0.400
10
48
34
22
56
11
40
9
8
7
19
6
16
5
5
5
6
4
6
11 and 12
100
13
8
6
10
4
8
3
3
3
7
2
6
2
2
2
2
1
1
22 , 24 and 33
500
11
7
5
9
4
6
3
2
2
6
2
5
2
1
1
2
1
1
69
500
8.8
5.9
4.3
7.3
3.3
4.9
2.3
1.6
1.6
4.9
1.6
4.3
1.6
1
1
1.6
1
1
115 and above
1,000
5
4
3
4
2
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
MVAsc MVAsc Base
1 22 kV MVAsc = 250 MVA (PCC) 5
2 22 kV MVAsc = 750 MVA (PCC) 5
3 (%THDV)
*
Voltage at PCC
(kV)
Total Voltage Distortion
THDV(%)
Individual Harmonic
Voltage Distortion (%)
odd
even
0.400
5
4
2
11 , 12 , 22 and 24
4
3
1.75
33
3
2
1
69
2.45
1.63
0.82
115 and above
1.5
1
0.5
. 4
1. 1 22 kV (PPC) 200 MVA Converter 6-P 500 kVA 2. 2 22 kV (PPC) 200 MVA Converter 6-P 600 kVA 3. 3 22 kV (PPC) 200 MVA Converter 6-P 750 kVA 4. 4 400 V (PPC) 4.3 MVA Converter 6-P 100 kVA
*
1
1 ,2 3 22 kV 2 4 400 V Converter 6-P kVA 1 2
*
2
2.1.2
*
1 1
5
7
11
13
17
19
2
(A)
9
6
6
5
2
1
(A)
3.6
2.4
2.4
2
0.8
0.4
(A)
2.52
1.73
0.96
0.75
0.46
0.35
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.24
0.23
0.2
0.18
0.15
0.13
3 %THDv
%THDv
4
0.56
_973919261.unknown
_973919263.unknown
_973919264.unknown
_973919260.unknown
2 2
5
7
11
13
17
19
2
(A)
9
6
6
5
2
1
(A)
3.6
2.4
2.4
2
0.8
0.4
(A)
3.02
2.07
1.15
0.9
0.55
0.42
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.29
0.27
0.24
0.22
0.18
0.15
3 %THDv
%THDv
4
0.67
_973919267.unknown
_973919268.unknown
_973919269.unknown
_973919266.unknown
3 3
5
7
11
13
17
19
2
(A)
9
6
6
5
2
1
(A)
3.6
2.4
2.4
2
0.8
0.4
(A)
3.78
2.6
1.43
1.12
0.69
0.53
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.36
0.35
0.3
0.28
0.22
0.20
3 %THDv
%THDv
4
0.84
_973919272.unknown
_973919274.unknown
_973919276.unknown
_973919271.unknown
4 4
5
7
11
13
17
19
2
(A)
56
40
19
13
6
6
(A)
24.08
17.2
8.17
5.59
2.58
2.58
(A)
27.71
19.05
10.53
8.22
5.05
3.9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2.23
21.5
1.86
1.72
1.38
1.19
3 %THDv
%THDv
5
5.23
_973919284.unknown
_973919285.unknown
_973919286.unknown
_973919283.unknown
4 2 .
1.
2. 1 2.1.3
3. 2 3
4. 2 3
Evaluate of Solution to Harmonic ProblemsUse AC or DC ReactorUse Multiple-pulsing Use Passive Harmonic FilterUse Active Harmonic Filter
Use AC or DC Reactor
Use AC or DC ReactorReactance of Choke Inductor
Converter 50 kVA,380V use 3%XL
Effect of input choke on ASD current distortion
Multiple - pulsing12-P6 -P6 -P
ASD
ASD
480 Volt Bus
Multiple - pulsing24 -P12 -P12 -P
ASD
ASD
480 Volt Bus
Phase shift for multi-pulsingPhase shift (Deg.) Pulses Deg. 12 30 24 15
Multiple - pulsing
Passive Harmonic Filter
Detune Filter- Mitigation Harmonic Resonance
- Reduce Harmonic current 10-30%
Detune Filter
Detune Filter hr % reactor2.5 16.03.0 11.13.5 8.163.779 7.004.082 6.005 4.00
Tune FilterEliminate Harmonic current 70-90%
Tune Filter 150 Hz
Basic Tune Filter Design- Harmonic Current-Reactive Filter-Limitation-Voltage and Current Capacitor-Interaction System
Tolerance
Component
Prescribed Tolerance
Expected Tolerance
Ref. Standard
Capacitor
0% to 15% of rated farads
0% to 5%
IEEE 518
Reactor
-3% to 7% of rated henrys
-3% to 3%
ANSI C57.16
Resistor
-10% to 10% of rated ohms
-5% to 5%
ANSI RS-229
Harmonic Filter Design
Sheet1
Harmonic Filter Design
InputOutput
h5I(rated)759.694
kvar(rated)500Kvar(actual)500
V(rated)380I(actual)759.6937
V(Actual)380Xc0.2888
KVA(HL)500c10142.3664
KVA(T)1500Hr4.7
ZT(%)6XL0.0131
Vh(%)1L0.0383
Ih(%)30IFL(actual)795.7152
IFL(rated)795.7152
KVAR(Fil)523.7079
Ih227.9081
Ih(ut)68.5191
Ih296.4272
IF(rms)849.1359
Vhc29.6547
Vfc398.0180
Vc(rms)399.1212
Vcp427.6727
Icp1092.1424Limit
Vcp(%)112.5120
Ic(%)111.8180
KAVRc(%)117.4135
Vc,rms(%)105.0110
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sheet1
Harmonic Filter Design
InputOutput
h5I(rated)759.694
kvar(rated)500Kvar(actual)500
V(rated)380I(actual)759.6937
V(Actual)380Xc0.2888
KVA(HL)500c10142.3664
KVA(T)1500Hr4.7
ZT(%)6XL0.0131
Vh(%)1L0.0383
Ih(%)30IFL(actual)795.7152
IFL(rated)795.7152
KVAR(Fil)523.7079
Ih227.9081
Ih(ut)68.5191
Ih296.4272
IF(rms)849.1359
Vhc29.6547
Vfc398.0180
Vc(rms)399.1212
Vcp427.6727
Icp1092.1424Limit
Vcp(%)112.5120
Ic(%)111.8180
KAVRc(%)117.4135
Vc,rms(%)105.0110
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sheet1
Harmonic Filter Design
InputOutput
h5I(rated)759.694
kvar(rated)500Kvar(actual)500
V(rated)380I(actual)759.6937
V(Actual)380Xc0.2888
KVA(HL)500c10142.3664
KVA(T)1500Hr4.7
ZT(%)6XL0.0131
Vh(%)1L0.0383
Ih(%)30IFL(actual)795.7152
IFL(rated)795.7152
KVAR(Fil)523.7079
Ih227.9081
Ih(ut)68.5191
Ih296.4272
IF(rms)849.1359
Vhc29.6547
Vfc398.0180
Vc(rms)399.1212
Vcp427.6727
Icp1092.1424Limit
Vcp(%)112.5120
Ic(%)111.8180
KAVRc(%)117.4135
Vc,rms(%)105.0110
Sheet2
Sheet3
Rated Capacitor IEEE Std.18-1992
Sheet1
Harmonic Filter Design
InputOutput
h5I(rated)759.694
kvar(rated)500Kvar(actual)500
V(rated)380I(actual)759.6937
V(Actual)380Xc0.2888
KVA(HL)500c10142.3664
KVA(T)1500Hr4.7
ZT(%)6XL0.0131
Vh(%)1L0.0383
Ih(%)30IFL(actual)795.7152
IFL(rated)795.7152
KVAR(Fil)523.7079
Ih227.9081
Ih(ut)68.5191
Ih296.4272
IF(rms)849.1359
Vhc29.6547
Vfc398.0180
Vc(rms)399.1212
Vcp427.6727
Icp1092.1424Limit
Vcp(%)112.5120
Ic(%)111.8180
KAVRc(%)117.4135
Vc,rms(%)105.0110
Sheet2
Sheet3
Interaction System
Interaction System
Active Harmonic Filter
- 590-5574- 590-5576- 590-5577 Fax 590-5810 e-mail [email protected]
Tel 590- 5577 Fax 590-5810 E-mail [email protected] [email protected]
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