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Basic research leads us to a greater understanding of how the natural
world operates.
Basic research leads us to a greater understanding of how the natural
world operates.
Applied research aims to develop useful applications from the
knowledge gained from basic research.
Applied research aims to develop useful applications from the
knowledge gained from basic research.
The Functions of Science
pure science applied science
the search for knowledge; facts
using knowledgein a practical way
Science attempts to establish cause-effect relationships.
Pure Science
The search for facts about the natural world.
?
- In science, we often try to establish a cause-effect relationship.
- Driven by curiosity: the need to know, explore, conquer something new.
Applied Science
The practical application of scientific discoveries.
-Also known as “technologytechnology”- Used to improve our lives
Cell phonesBiodegradable garbage
bags
Corning Glass
NASA’s Problem Design a materialthat is clearclear and can with-stand extreme differences in temperature without fail-ing (cracking).
Corning Glass FAILED…but SUCCEEDED at making great cookware that can withstand extremes in temperature.
Design a face shieldto protect and provideclear vision.
Fertilizers (5-15-10)
Nitrogen (N)– Promotes vegetative growth, making the plants lush and
green– Excess nitrogen: few blooms (flowers)
Phosphorous (P)– Gives energy and vitality– Promotes rapid maturity and flowering
Potassium (K)– Promotes strong plant growth and deep roots– Helps plants become more disease-resistant
Fertilizers help plants produce more food.
saccharin A compound, C7H5NO3S, that is several hundred times sweeter than can sugar
and is used as a calorie-free sweetener.
Table Sugar = sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Formula: C12H22O11 [C12(H2O)11]
Dehydration of Sucrose:
C12H22O11 + 11 H2SO4 12 C + 11 H2SO4.H2O
HOCH2HOCH2
HO
OH
OH OHHO
OO
OCH2OH
risk-benefit analysisrisk-benefit analysis
weigh pros and cons before deciding
• Because there are many considerations for each case, “50/50 thinking” rarely applies.
How does scientific knowledge advance?
1. curiosity2. good observations3. determination4. persistence
Aluminum Mining
• Charles Martin Hall• 1850s: aluminum sold
for $500 / pound • Developed method to
extract aluminum from bauxite
• Hall’s method– 1 pound Al costs 30 cents
4-6 pounds bauxite
current 1 lb Al
+
=