Basic Vocab Zapotec

Basic Vocabulary

Stephen A. Marlett, compiler

The Zapotec Grammar FilesStephen A. Marlett, compiler. (February 2010) Basic vocabulary. In: Cheryl A. Black, H. Andrew Black and StephenA. Marlett (eds.) The Zapotec grammar files.[http://www.sil.org/mexico/WorkPapers/WP001i-ZapotecGrammarFiles.htm] SIL International. These are workingpapers that are periodically updated, expanded, and corrected. Comments or corrections can be sent to the editors (seethe index page).

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3

Items 1.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Items 1.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Items 1.4 ......................................................................................................................................... 9

Items 1.5 ....................................................................................................................................... 12

Items 1.7 ....................................................................................................................................... 15

Items 1.8 ....................................................................................................................................... 17

Items 2.1-2.4 ................................................................................................................................ 21

Items 2.9 ....................................................................................................................................... 24

Items 3.6-3.8 ................................................................................................................................ 27

Items 4.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 29

Items 4.2 ....................................................................................................................................... 32

Items 4.3 ....................................................................................................................................... 35

Items 4.4 ....................................................................................................................................... 37

Items 4.7 ....................................................................................................................................... 39

Items 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 42

Items 6 .......................................................................................................................................... 45

Items 8 .......................................................................................................................................... 47

Items 10 ........................................................................................................................................ 49

Items 13 ........................................................................................................................................ 51

Items 14 ........................................................................................................................................ 53

Items 15.4-15.5 ............................................................................................................................ 56

Items 15.6 ..................................................................................................................................... 58

Items 18 ........................................................................................................................................ 61

Index of English Terms ................................................................................................................ 64

Index of Spanish Terms ............................................................................................................... 65

Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 66

References .................................................................................................................................... 66

2 Basic Vocabulary

Introduction

This document presents selected basic vocabulary items in different varieties of Zapotec.1 Allof the data are presented in broad IPA transcription (see Transcription Conventions for details andsee Data Sources for sources of data).2 All of the forms may be assumed to have penultimate stresson the root unless otherwise marked although with some sources it is hard to determine the factsabout stress (if stress is relevant at all) and so stress may not be consistently represented. Thenumbers in the column headers are those used in the Intercontinental Dictionary Serieshttp://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/ (Mary Ritchie Key, founding editor), following the numbering inBuck (1949); the arrangement of the data follow that scheme of using a thematic organization.Since the data are presented in tabular format here, the original "chapters" of the IntercontinentalDictionary Series are split across various tables. Verbs are cited in three forms that are traditionallyreferred to as Habitual, Potential and Completive since each may have idiosyncratic features. Insome cases the Stative form is presented as well or in their place. When a form contains an equalssign followed by a number, it means that the form is the same as the referenced word in the samelanguage.Indexes from English and Spanish to the IDS number are also provided.

Items 1.2

'cave';'cueva';1.280

'mountain','hill';'cerro';1.220

'sand';'arena';1.215

'mud';'lodo';1.214

'dust';'polvo';1.213

'earth','land','ground','soil';'tierra';1.210 &1.212

Identifier as inEthnologue

ISO639-3code

beliaijajuiuabesteuna3Sierra de Jurezzaa

(loanword)danjubanuuldjiu4San Juan Guelavazab

danijuibenubju5Ocotlnzac

blejajobenbitejoCajonoszad

1I thank the many people who have contributed data for this paper (as documented in Data Sources, as well as specialhelp from Joaqun Lpez and Beth Merrill) and those who have helped to improve the presentation, including BethMerrill, Andy Black, and Cheri Black. Special thanks to Andy Black for preparing the indexes.

2High vowels or central approximants are not consistently represented since the analysis is either not clear, notagreed upon, or actually varies from variety to variety. Thus one may see (for example) /bia/, /bja/, or /ba/, which maybe very close or identical in pronunciation.

3See 'mud' 1.214 in [zpq].4/j/ here is phonetically [j].5/j/ here is phonetically [j].

Introduction 3




'mud';'lodo';1.214




ISO639-3code

belealilijui8juna7bisteju6Yarenizae

dan9jubnjowjoAyoquescozaf

(loanword)danijuibeeju de10juIsthmuszai

den,jijubenjoMiahuatlnzam

keliojiubenjuOzolotepeczao

belealilijui12juna11bistejuAlopamzaq

buloajuilujuRincnzar

Santo DomingoAlbarradas

zas

bluabeneTabaazat

blojajoben,on

bitejoYatzachizav

bilidanjuband13juMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

AsuncinMixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

beloja16un15bnbteju14Choapanzpc

6/j/ is phonetically [].7/j/ is phonetically [].8/j/ is phonetically [].9The transcription here reinterprets the source, which is more similar phonetically to [dajn], presumably with

anticipatory palatalization. Furthermore, this is specifically 'hill' since 'mountain' is this morpheme followed by /o/.10'earth' 1.210, 'ash' 1.84011/j/ is phonetically [].12/j/ is phonetically [].13See 'ashes' 1.840.14/j/ here is phonetically [j].15See 'mud' 1.214 in [zpq].16/j/ here is phonetically [j].

4 Basic Vocabulary




'mud';'lodo';1.214




ISO639-3code

Southeastern Ixtlnzpd

Petapazpe

blieiojujuban17

djuSan Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea deHumboldt

zpg

Totomachapanzph

ejjubnjudiliuSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

jubedai, esta,ejeku,nutu,nee

ejuiebenujubea18

juLachixozpl

bliejubenliuMixtepeczpm

(loanword)dan20juibnuoiuju19Santa Ins Yatzechizpn

jilojijubande, jidejoAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

blojajoona21bitejoZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

eju---juCoatlnzps

San VicenteCoatln

zpt

17'earth' 1.210, 'wet'18'earth' 1.210, '?'19/j/ here is phonetically [j].20This refers to all of the countryside.21See 'earth' 01.210 in [zaa].

Items 1.2 5




'mud';'lodo';1.214




ISO639-3code

blojaju23benbiteju22Yallagzpu

danjuijuChichicapanzpv

juaZanizazpw

binSan BaltazarLoxicha

zpx

Mazaltepeczpy

blubikju u24bijuTexmelucanzpz

jubenlujuSouthern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

beljaijubnu ju25juXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San AgustnMixtepec

ztm

Santa CatarinaAlbarradas

ztn

Loxichaztp

koplokijjupenjutiliu, ju26Quioquitani-Quierztq

(loanword)dan27jubendejuTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

jajo jabenejoYateezty

22Also /jo/. The vowels vary freely.23Also /jo/. The vowels vary freely.24'earth' 1.210, 'fine'.25'smoke', 'earth' 1.210.26The two words are used quite interchangeably.27Best translated 'countryside'.

6 Basic Vocabulary

Items 1.3

'river','stream','brook'; 'ro','corriente','arroyo';1.360

'foam';'espuma';1.324

'water';'agua'; 1.310

Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code

jobeinaindaSierra de Jurezzaa

eu28bnnisSan Juan Guelavazab

ubaininisOcotlnzac

jaobinnisCajonoszad

jo29kuinaindaYarenizae

eupinnisAyoquescozaf

iubiia,30

bupunisaIsthmuszai

nitMiahuatlnzam

nitOzolotepeczao

jo31besinaindaAlopamzaq

nisaRincnzar

nisSanto Domingo Albarradaszas

nisaTabaazat

jaobinnisYatzachizav

eu32biunnisMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

28'arroyo' (typically without water). For 'river' this is follows by /nis/ 'water'.29The vowel carries a contour tone and is phonetically long.30As in what comes to the top of food that is being cooked on a stove top.31The vowel carries a contour tone and is phonetically long.32Varies freely to /jeu/.

Items 1.3 7





jao33binnisaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

ibe, iepinnisSan Pedro Quiatonizpf

nzeGuevea de Humboldtzpg

Totomachapanzph

oubinnisSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

()ekuiainzaLachixozpl

nisMixtepeczpm

bldabinnisSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

jubinnisAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

jebinanisZoogochozpq

nisSantiago Xanicazpr

jobebinniCoatlnzps

niSan Vicente Coatlnzpt

jeo34binnisYallagzpu

isaChichicapanzpv

awnisZanizazpw

nitSan Baltazar Loxichazpx

Mazaltepeczpy

binisTexmelucanzpz

nisSouthern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

33/j/ here is phonetically [j].34/j/ here is sometimes pronounced [j].

8 Basic Vocabulary





ewpinnisXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San Agustn Mixtepecztm

Santa Catarina Albarradasztn

Loxichaztp

ki-pepinnisQuioquitani-Quierztq

ubinnisTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

nisYateezty

Items 1.4

'earthquake';'terremoto';1.450 [citingverb 'quake''temblar' in 'h','p', 'c']

'stone';'piedra';1.440

'wood';'madera';1.430

'tree';'rbol';1.420


ISO 639-3code

i-u, u,gu-u

ijaja35jaa, jaSierra de Jurezzaa

uia37bed36jaSan Juan Guelavazab

u=1.420jaOcotlnzac

bed-o; -o,o, w-o

ja=1.420jaCajonoszad

35See 1.420 'tree'.36'lumber'.37Phonetically the // is often pronounced [x] in this context.

Items 1.4 9




'tree';'rbol';1.420


ISO 639-3code

-u, i-u, bi-uija39=1.420jaa38Yarenizae

=1.420jaAyoquescozaf

uie=1.420jaaIsthmuszai

kejaMiahuatlnzam

kejaOzolotepeczao

-u, i-u, bi-uija41=1.420jaa40Alopamzaq

ijaaRincnzar

jaSanto DomingoAlbarradas

zas

iaaaTabaazat

bed-o; -o,o, w-o

jejaYatzachizav

u; -nib, ---, ---ibadjaMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

uuio42=1.420jaaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

uita, ie43=1.420jaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea de Humboldtzpg

Totomachapanzph

38/j/ is phonetically [].39/j/ is phonetically [].40/j/ is phonetically [].41/j/ is phonetically [].42There is no contrast between [j] and [j] in this variety.43'stone, rock', 'rock', respectively.

10 Basic Vocabulary




'tree';'rbol';1.420


ISO 639-3code

(idiom)44ge=1.420jaSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

ukieakaLachixozpl

kiejaMixtepeczpm

-u, ---, ---iejaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

okejaAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

bdao-o;-o, o,w-o

je=1.420jaZoogochozpq

jakSantiago Xanicazpr

ejaCoatlnzps

San Vicente Coatlnzpt

o, o, b-o ~w-o

je ~ jajajYallagzpu

iajaaChichicapanzpv

itajaZanizazpw

San Baltazar Loxichazpx

Mazaltepeczpy

itajaTexmelucanzpz

kijaSouthern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

uita ~ ktajaXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl


Santa CatarinaAlbarradasztn

44'move' 'earth' 1.210.

Items 1.4 11




'tree';'rbol';1.420


ISO 639-3code

Loxichaztp

u; -ni u, k-niu, b-ni u

ki=1.420jaQuioquitani-Quierztq

uia=1.420jaTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

jejaYateezty

Items 1.5

'rainbow';'arco iris';1.590

'star';'estrella';1.540

'moon';'luna'; 1.530

'sun'; 'sol';1.520

'sky';'cielo';1.510


ISO639-3code

beljabiubiajaba45Sierra de Jurezzaa

lianbalibuubijabaSan Juan Guelavazab

ubimbelimbeunubiabe46Ocotlnzac

betiabelbeowbijabaCajonoszad

jetilabelinan-do-beo48dad-ubiza47jebaYarenizae

bliambeanilabeAyoquescozaf

belei49beuubia()iba,a iba

Isthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

belinan-do-beoubizaijabaAlopamzaq

45/j/ here is phonetically [j].46San Antonino: /ube/.47The first part is from regional Spanish tata meaning 'father'.48The first part is from regional Spanish nana meaning 'mother'; the second part means 'big'. Both parts indicate

respect.49This word is archaic in this variety.

12 Basic Vocabulary




'sun'; 'sol';1.520

'sky';'cielo';1.510


ISO639-3code

Rincnzar

iduSanto DomingoAlbarradas

zas

Tabaazat

jitbelbjo51bijoba,jaba50

Yatzachizav

balaiba52

bjubiibaMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

bitabelobiuobiaibaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

(loanword)iiba53

bwi,obi

ibaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea deHumboldtzpg

Totomachapanzph

bkitmlmwnbizibaSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

litabela()ubiia54liibeLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

bljainblibuubiiiabaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

50In Yatzachi el Bajo and Yatzachi el Alto, respectively.51/j/ is phonetically [] here.52'star', 'sky' 1.510.53'fire' 1.810, 'sky' 1.510.54San Miguel Mixtepec /wiia/.

Items 1.5 13




'sun'; 'sol';1.520

'sky';'cielo';1.510


ISO639-3code

bajitmbalmbembijibaAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

pitabelbjo55bijabaZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

mblmbewibCoatlnzps


bitbelbeowijebaYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

bejibaZanizazpw

San BaltazarLoxicha

zpx

Mazaltepeczpy

belbejdobaTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

itmelmmbiibaXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San AgustnMixtepec

ztm


ztn

Loxichaztp

kitlamlmmbi ~nbi

kpaQuioquitani-Quierztq

biainiloubabeuubiubaTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

55/j/ is phonetically [] here.

14 Basic Vocabulary

Items 1.7

For 1.750, the first part of the compound expressions is 'water' 1.310 . The second part has thesame segments as 'stone' 1.440, but in [ztq], at least, the tones are different (as noted in the twoentries), and so the popular etymology may be spurious.

'rain';'lluvia'; 1.750

'wind'; 'viento';1.720

'air'; 'aire';1.710


ija=1.710beSierra de Jurezzaa

nis ia=1.710biSan Juan Guelavazab

iu=1.710mbOcotlnzac

je=1.710beCajonoszad

ija56=1.710beYarenizae

jeu=1.710bAyoquescozaf

nisa ie=1.710biIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

ija57=1.710beAlopamzaq

Rincnzar

biSanto Domingo Albarradaszas

Tabaazat

je=1.710beYatzachizav

nis i=1.710beMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

nisa io=1.710beChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

56/j/ is phonetically [].57/j/ is phonetically [].

Items 1.7 15



'air'; 'aire';1.710


nis iebe-do58beSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

o=1.710meSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

kiu=1.710biLachixozpl

meMixtepeczpm

nisa ie=1.710bSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

jejmbimbiAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

je=1.710beZoogochozpq

meSantiago Xanicazpr

=1.710mbiCoatlnzps


je ~ je=1.710beYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

ejZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

Texmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

ameXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

k=1.710meQuioquitani-Quierztq

58'air' 1.710, 'fierce'

16 Basic Vocabulary



'air'; 'aire';1.710


nis ia=1.710bTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 1.8

Several varieties have a compound made of 'fire'1.810 + 'flame', or the opposite order. For 1.851,the intended lexical item is the one used when an item (paper, wood, etc.) is burning.

'charcoal';'carbn';1.890

'firewood';'lea';1.880

'burn(intr.)';'arder';1.851'h', 'p','c'

'ashes';'cenizas';1.840

'flame';'llama';1.820

'fire';'fuego';1.810


ISO639-3code

lojawaa,waa

tejiSierra de Jurezzaa

bo=1.420-ajki,-ajki,ujajki

debal60i59San Juan Guelavazab

bu=1.420jeki,eki,weki

dbeliOcotlnzac

bowa-al,-al,ol

debel jijiCajonoszad

beuaaai-de,i-de,bi-de

debelaiYarenizae

-jek,---, ---61

diAyoquescozaf

59Commonly used specifically for the coals.60Commonly used to refer to the fire.61'burn with flame'.

Items 1.8 17








ISO639-3code

bu=1.420-jaki,-aki,u-jaki

debeleiIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

aai-de,i-de,bi-de

debelaiAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

baowa,wa

-al,-al,ol

deji beljiYatzachizav

boja da64-jek,---, ---63

kobd62baliboMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

AsuncinMixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

baowaa-ej, -ej,uiej

dei belaiChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

62Compare 'dust' 1.213.63s-burn.64'tree' 1.420 'hill' 1.220

18 Basic Vocabulary








ISO639-3code

buja(idiom)67dbal66i65San Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea deHumboldt

zpg

Totomachapanzph

bo=1.420-ek,-ek,w-ek

dibliSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

wabiakatikiLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

=1.420dniubliSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

blan=1.420jek, ---,---

kadebal68=1.820Amatlnzpo

El Altozpp

baowae-ala,-ala,ola

deji beljiZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

diiCoatlnzps

San VicenteCoatln

zpt

baowaje-ej,-ej,w-jej

debel jijiYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

boZanizazpw

65Often interchanged with 'flame' 1.820.66Often interchanged with 'fire' 1.810.67'sit' 'fire' 1.810.68Also /lu bal/ (tongue fire) 'fire's tongue'.

Items 1.8 19








ISO639-3code

San BaltazarLoxicha

zpx

Mazaltepeczpy

diiTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

bo=1.420-ek, ---,---

ke dabelkiXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San AgustnMixtepec

ztm


ztn

Loxichaztp

powjaek,k-jek,k-jek

kitiblkiQuioquitani-Quierztq

bo=1.420-iek,ek,wek

kub-debeli69Tilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

69This word is more specifically referring to the hot coals. The word for 'flame' is generally used to refer to the fireitself.

20 Basic Vocabulary

Items 2.1-2.4

For 2.300, several varieties use a loanword from Spanish 'macho' that is typically applied onlyto animals.

'female'; 'hembra';2.400

'male'; 'macho';2.300

'person';'persona';2.100

Identifier as in EthnologueISO639-3code

na70eneSierra de Jurezzaa

unaul,72niu73bnietj71San Juan Guelavazab

etmnOcotlnzac

nol,nol77bna,78bis79

ja,74ma, ngol,75

bio 76benCajonoszad

na81biju80beneYarenizae

niolmjetAyoquescozaf

naola,84 unanola,82 niu83biniIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

na86biju85beniAlopamzaq

Rincnzar

Santo Domingo Albarradaszas

Tabaazat

70Relating to animals.71The /b/ is pronounced [b] when preceded by the plural proclitic /de/, and [m] otherwise.72Used for animals.73Used for people.74This is applied to dogs and certain other animals.75This is applied to turkeys; it is also a term of respect for an old man of significance.76Used for humans.77This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.78This is used for birds.79Used for deer.80This is preceded by the relativizer /nu/ when used.81Adjective.82Relating to animals.83Except when in a compound (as for a baby boy), this word is used only in women's speech. Men's speech uses the

loanword 'hombre'.84Relating to animals.85This is preceded by the relativizer /um/ [sic] when used.86Adjective.

Items 2.1-2.4 21





nol,90bna,91bis92ja,87ma,ngol,88

bo 89benYatzachizav

unanolbenMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

nole94ja, nol,93 mabenChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

is,96 na97nie, ol95benSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

wnaolmenSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

ueulabeneLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

unannolbnSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

olbjimietAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

87This is applied to dogs and certain other animals.88This is applied to turkeys; it is also a term of respect for an old man of significance.89Used for humans.90This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.91This is used for birds.92Used for certain mammals.93This is used for birds.94This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.95Just for animals.96Used for some animals.97Used for a donkey.

22 Basic Vocabulary





nole,101bna,102bise103ja,98ma,ngol,99

bo 100beneZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps


nol,107 bna108jaj,104 bjio,105

nol106benYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

mbekTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

una,109nus110bijmenXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

98This is applied to dogs and certain other animals.99This is applied to turkeys; it is also a term of respect for an old man of significance.100Used for humans.101This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.102This is used for birds.103Used for certain mammals and some birds.104For animals.105For people.106For turkeys.107For people.108For chickens.109Person.110Animal.

Items 2.1-2.4 23





kna,111kus, 112nus 113mij, mamen,bne

Quioquitani-Quierztq

kuk, kun, usan,115

unanul,114 niwbnTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 2.9

'you (pl.)';'vosotros';2.950

'we(exclusive)';'nosotros(exclusivo)';2.942

'we(inclusive)';'nosotros(inclusivo)';2.941

'you(sg.)';'t';2.920

'I'; 'yo';2.910


ISO639-3code

lebi; =leindu; =duiuluind;=a,=de

Sierra de Jurezzaa

=t, =tdun; =n,=n

=2.942liu; =una; =aSan Juan Guelavazab

=t=na=ja=lna; =aOcotlnzac

le; =leneto;=nto

o; =oli; =o,=lo

nad; =,=d

Cajonoszad

lebi; =lei-du; =dui; =ilu; =lunedi; =a,=di

Yarenizae

=lle; =ale-l; =lna; =naAyoquescozaf

=t=du=nuli; =luna; =aIsthmuszai

nalu; =lda; =nMiahuatlnzam

111For a person.112For an animal (adjective).113Noun.114Relating to animals.115Relating to animals: specifically those never with young, those pregnant or with eggs, and those raising young,

respectively.

24 Basic Vocabulary




'you(sg.)';'t';2.920

'I'; 'yo';2.910


ISO639-3code

Ozolotepeczao

lebi ~libi; =le

i-du; =dui ~ iu;=i

lu; =lunedi; =a,=dia

Alopamzaq

Rincnzar

ly; =lna; =an,=n


zas

Tabaazat

le; =leneto; =toio; =ole; =o,=do

nada;=a,=da

Yatzachizav

la-tu;=tu116

nue;=nue

nunu;=nulu; =luna; =Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

na; =a,=n, =da

Coatecas Altaszca

AsuncinMixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

le; =lento;=ndo

ao; =olw;=lo

ndi;=a

Choapanzpc


Petapazpe

lat; =dtu; =n=2.942luj; al, lna; vowellength

San Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea deHumboldt

zpg

Totomachapanzph

see 2.920no=bede; denoSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

116Also /lotu/.

Items 2.9 25




'you(sg.)';'t';2.920

'I'; 'yo';2.910


ISO639-3code

Tlacolulitazpk

=wa=awa=u=luli 117Lachixozpl

tnlunaMixtepeczpm

=tu=du, =a=nlonaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

unubelunaAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

le ~ le ;=le

neto; =toio; =ole; =o,=do

neda,=da,=a

Zoogochozpq

=alenaSantiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps

snlonSan VicenteCoatln

zpt

le; =leneto; =toio; =olwe;=lo

nadaYallagzpu

=tununuji; =lunaChichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw

San BaltazarLoxicha

zpx

Mazaltepeczpy

see 2.920see 2.910na, nu; =u,=

jaTexmelucanzpz

nedaSouthern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

tonn, nluj; a, lnaXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San AgustnMixtepec

ztm

117Compare this with first person dual /li/.

26 Basic Vocabulary




'you(sg.)';'t';2.920

'I'; 'yo';2.910


ISO639-3code


ztn

Loxichaztp

=do=n=nli; =o,=l

na; =a,=n


=tu=du=nuli; =una; =a,=na

Tilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 3.6-3.8

'louse';'piojo'; 3.811

'fish'; 'pez';3.650

'dog'; 'perro';3.610


beibelabekuSierra de Jurezzaa

beiabeldbekSan Juan Guelavazab

mbimbeldmbekuOcotlnzac

bebelbekCajonoszad

betibelabekuYarenizae

peblnikAyoquescozaf

biibendabikuIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

betibelabekuAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

bebelbekoYatzachizav

Items 3.6-3.8 27


'fish'; 'pez';3.650



beblbkMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

bibelabekoChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

bebalbjkSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

mijamlmkSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

bijebelanikuLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

babeldbekuSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

mbembalbakAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

beebelbekoZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

mblmbekCoatlnzps


beebelbkYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

biabalbehZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

pkibele, bafTexmelucanzpz

28 Basic Vocabulary


'fish'; 'pez';3.650



Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

mkij118malmkXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

mimlmkQuioquitani-Quierztq

bbeldbekTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 4.1

For 4.170, several varieties use a loanword from regional Spanish 'cacho'.

'horn';'cuerno';4.170

'bone';'hueso';4.160

'blood';'sangre';4.150

'hide';'pellejo';4.120b

'skin';'piel';4.120a


ISO 639-3code

= 'bone'4.160 +

itaenijediSierra de Jurezzaa

'head'4.200

katn=4.120aid ladSan Juan Guelavazab

kaibakunidiOcotlnzac

loziten=4.120ajidCajonoszad

118Nits.

Items 4.1 29







ISO 639-3code

= 'bone'4.160 +'head'4.200

zitaeni=4.120ajedi119Yarenizae

(loanword)nidAyoquescozaf

kauitainiidiidiladi120

Isthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

= 'bone'4.160 +'head'4.200

zitaeni=4.120ajedi121Alopamzaq

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

loziten=4.120ajid,lid122

Yatzachizav

kauten=4.120aidMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

luzuitaenabaidiChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

119The vowel /e/ is phonetically [je] when it follows /j/ and precedes a lenis obstruent in this variety. The /j/ isphonetically [].

120'hide' 4.120b, 'body'.121The vowel /je/ is phonetically [je] when it follows /j/ and precedes a lenis obstruent in this variety. The /j/ is

phonetically [].122This is the noun that is used with a possessor.

30 Basic Vocabulary







ISO 639-3code

kiten=4.120aidSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

iten=4.120aedSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

= 'bone'4.160 +

ataene(loanword)itiLachixozpl

'head'4.200

Mixtepeczpm

kaunarunid ladiSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

kaiten=4.120ajidAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

loziten=4.120ajidZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

tidtenidCoatlnzps


luziten=4.120ajidYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

itidZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

naziten=4.120aidTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

kaiten=4.120aidXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

SanAgustnMixtepecztm

Items 4.1 31







ISO 639-3code


ztn

Loxichaztp

kaiten=4.120akidQuioquitani-Quierztq

ka(loanword)123nidtTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 4.2

'tooth';'diente';4.270

'tongue';'lengua';4.260

'nose';'nariz';4.230

'ear';'oreja';4.220

'eye';'ojo';4.210

'head';'cabeza';4.200


ISO639-3code

lajalueeinanaaija-lo124ikiaSierra de Jurezzaa

lajluidiabslokiaSan Juan Guelavazab

lajldujadiaslukOcotlnzac

lejloinnaalaojiCajonoszad

lajaluzainnaaija-lo125ikiYarenizae

lajluidalokAyoquescozaf

lajaluiidiaalu,126 ielu,127

bizalu

ikeIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

lajaluzainnaaija-lo128ikiAlopamzaq

123Compare, however, the word /it/ 'egg' in this variety.124'stone' 1.440-'face'.125'stone' 1.440-'face'. The word for 'stone' changes the fortis glide to lenis here, however.126This word is literally 'face'.127'stone' 1.440-'face'.128'stone' 1.440-'face'. The word for 'stone' changes the fortis glide to lenis here, however.

32 Basic Vocabulary




'ear';'oreja';4.220

'eye';'ojo';4.210



ISO639-3code

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

lejloin,in129

na()laojiYatzachizav

ljluidiabisjalojekMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

lejluikinnaalaoioChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

ljluidiapslioikaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea deHumboldt

zpg

Totomachapanzph

lejlozpide-dabzalotoSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

lajaluiidiakaikuluuka ekieLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

lajlduiiediabalo,bizlo

ikSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

ke lejluinalojekAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

129Free variation.

Items 4.2 33




'ear';'oreja';4.220

'eye';'ojo';4.210



ISO639-3code

lajloeinanalao,jelao

jiZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

ndejlueekCoatlnzps


lajluinnajlao,130

je laojiYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

luloixZanizazpw

San BaltazarLoxicha

zpx

Mazaltepeczpy

lajluidauloikTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

talaj,kta-laj131

luijdalo, nudlo

ikXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San AgustnMixtepec

ztm


ztn

Loxichaztp

lajlukijtalo, mlokikQuioquitani-Quierztq

jalajluidiebaloikTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

130This word is literally 'face'.131The first part means 'stone'.

34 Basic Vocabulary

Items 4.3

'knee'; 'rodilla'; 4.360'hand'; 'mano';4.330


ibinaSierra de Jurezzaa

ibnaSan Juan Guelavazab

ibija132Ocotlnzac

ibnaCajonoszad

ibinaYarenizae

ibjaAyoquescozaf

ibinaIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

ibinaAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

ibnaYatzachizav

jek-ib133naMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

ibinaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

iibniaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

132/j/ here is phonetically [j].133'head'-'?'.

Items 4.3 35



ibnaSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

ikijaLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

ibnanSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

ukjaAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

ibnaZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

ibjaCoatlnzps


ibnaYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

jZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

tibTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

ibnaXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

kibnaQuioquitani-Quierztq

ib134naTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

134This word is always used with another to name a part of the knee; it is not used alone.

36 Basic Vocabulary



Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 4.4

'liver'; 'hgado'; 4.450'breast (of woman)';'pecho (de mujer)';4.410


teiiSierra de Jurezzaa

lazdokidudSan Juan Guelavazab

ldu uidud135Ocotlnzac

ladojaiCajonoszad

lazdo ~ laztoiziYarenizae

ladoAyoquescozaf

laiiiIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

lazdo ~ laztoiziAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

et, etiYatzachizav

lastoidud pe136Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

lataoe137iiChoapanzpc

135Spanish glosses in source: 'teta, pezn'.136The second part of this expression is from Spanish.137Etymologically 'heart'-'big'.

Items 4.4 37




Petapazpe

lododudSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

leddudSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

aki-ji139ii,138 iLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

latolatoSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

leto140lazAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

eteieZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps


Yallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

lalu,141 i,142 i143Texmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

138Of an animal.139Etymologically 'heart' + ?.140This expression includes general 'insides', including 'heart' and 'liver'.141'breast'.142'mammary gland'.143From colloquial Spanish 'chichi'.

38 Basic Vocabulary



iXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

laiQuioquitani-Quierztq

la144dudTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 4.7

'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'

'live'; 'vivir';4.740 'h', 'p', 'c'or Stative

'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

-ati, -ati, utika-ban, k-ban,uka-ban

-alia, -alia,ulia

Sierra de Jurezzaa

-at, -at, utna-ban, i-ban,u-ban

-al, -al, ulSan Juan Guelavazab

-ati, -ati, uti-bani, i-bani,u-bani

-al, ----, ulOcotlnzac

-et, -et, wit-ban, i-ban,w-ban

-al, -al,ol

Cajonoszad

-ati, -ati, utina-bani-ali, -ali, uliYarenizae

___, -at, ___Ayoquescozaf

-ati, -ati, utina-bani-ale, -ale, uleIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

144That is, the 'center of the body' and not the particular organ.

Items 4.7 39

'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'


'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

-ati, -ati, utina-bani-al, -al, ul145Alopamzaq

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

-at, -at, ot-ban, -ban,b-wan

-al, -al,ol

Yatzachizav

-et, -et, ut-ban, i-ban,u-ban

-al, -al, olMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

-ati, -ati, utin-e-ban146-alo, -alo, oloChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

-jt, -jt, ujt-ba, ba,wa

-jab lu, jalbju, biabl ju,147

-a, -a, o148



Totomachapanzph

-et, -et, w-et-ban, j-ban,w-ban

-al, -al, walSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

-ati, ati, unutie-wai, wai,u-wai

-ala, ala, unulaLachixozpl

145While [zaq] is extremely similar to [zae], [zaq] tends to drop the post-tonic vowel in normal speech.146s-?-live.147Idiom referring to people: 'fall' 'ground' 1.210.148Referring to animals. This verb also means 'to break a long, slender thing'.

40 Basic Vocabulary

'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'


'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

Mixtepeczpm

-ati, -ati, uti-ban, ---, ----al, -al, olSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

n-et, jet, nutmban149n-ak, -al, nolAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

-at, -at, ot-ban, ban,w-ban

-al, -al,ol

Zoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps


-at, -at, ot-ban, ban,w-ban

-a, -a,o

Yallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

Texmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

-t, -t,uj-t

m-ban; -ban,i-ban, u-ban

-al, -al, uj-alXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



ztn

Loxichaztp

-et, k-et, kut-pan, k-pan,pan

-al, k-al, kolQuioquitani-Quierztq

-atj, -atj, utj-ban, -iban,uban

-al, -al, ulTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

149Stative.

Items 4.7 41

'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'


'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 5

For 5.122, see the relationship between many of these words and the word for 'green' (15.680).

'drink'; 'beber';5.130 'h', 'p', 'c'

'raw';'crudo';5.122 'h','p', 'c'('uncooked'rather than'green')

'eat'; 'comer;5.110 'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

-ija, ija, ujaja-o, -o, u-doSierra de Jurezzaa

-e, -e, w-ena-a-o, ---, u-do150;-kin, i-kin, b-kin151.

San Juan Guelavazab

-u-au, -au, u-dauOcotlnzac

-e, j-e,w-e

ja-ao, -ao, w-daoCajonoszad

-ija, ija, ujaja-o, -o, u-doYarenizae

---, ---, owAyoquescozaf

-e, -e, w-ena-ja-o, -o, u-doIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

-ija, ija, ujaja-o, -o, u-doAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

150This verb is used only with a non-human subject.151This verb is used for people.

42 Basic Vocabulary

'drink'; 'beber';5.130 'h', 'p', 'c'


'eat'; 'comer;5.110 'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

-e, j-e,-e

ja-ao, -ao, w-daoYatzachizav

-, j-, u152ja-au, -au,u-dau

Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

-io, io, weja-ao, -ao, u-daoChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

-je, -je, oja-aw, -aw,b-daw



Totomachapanzph

-o, -o, w-oja-u, -u, w-uSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

-we, we,un-we153

(negative of'cooked')

-aku, -aku,u-daku

Lachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

, ---, ----ja-o, -o, u-doSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

n-o, -o, ngunjejn-aw, -aw,n-daw

Amatlnzpo

El Altozpp

152Note the loss of the glottal stop in the Potential form.153The vowel in this root varies to /a/ for some people.

Items 5 43

'drink'; 'beber';5.130 'h', 'p', 'c'


'eat'; 'comer;5.110 'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

-ee, j-ee,-ee

ja-a, -a,w-da

Zoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps


-e, j-e,w-e

-ao, -ao, w-daoYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

Texmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

-a, -ja, uj-a-ow, -ow, uj-owXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

i, ki-, bi-aw, k-aw, k-taw~ taw


-e, -e, w-ena-ja-aw, -aw, b-dawTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

44 Basic Vocabulary

Items 6

'leather'; 'cuero'; 6.290Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code

=4.120aSierra de Jurezzaa

=4.120aSan Juan Guelavazab

=4.120aOcotlnzac

=4.120aCajonoszad

=4.120aYarenizae

Ayoquescozaf

=4.120bIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

=4.120aAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

=4.120aYatzachizav

=4.120aMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

=4.120aChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

=4.120aSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

ged-jej154Santa Mara Quiegolanizpi

154'skin' 4.120a, '?'

Items 6 45

'leather'; 'cuero'; 6.290Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

(loanword)Lachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

=4.120aSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

=4.120aAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

=4.120aZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps


Yallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

=4.120aZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

=4.120aTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

=4.120aXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

=4.120aQuioquitani-Quierztq

=4.120aTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

46 Basic Vocabulary

Items 8

'tree'; 'rbol'; 8.600 =1.420 (not repeatedhere)

'leaf'; 'hoja'; 8.560Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code

laSierra de Jurezzaa

bldaSan Juan Guelavazab

ndiaOcotlnzac

laCajonoszad

laaYarenizae

laAyoquescozaf

bandaaIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

laaAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

laYatzachizav

balaMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

laaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

blaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

iSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Items 8 47

'tree'; 'rbol'; 8.600 =1.420 (not repeatedhere)

'leaf'; 'hoja'; 8.560Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

lekaLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

bldaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

laAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

laaZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

laCoatlnzps


lajYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

laZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

laTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

blaXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

plaQuioquitani-Quierztq

bldaTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

48 Basic Vocabulary

Items 10

path;camino,senda;10.720

come; venir; 10.480 'h','p', 'c'


nea-ita, da, b-itaSierra de Jurezzaa

nez-ed, -ed, b-edSan Juan Guelavazab

nez-ed, ---, ---Ocotlnzac

nez-id, j-id, b-idCajonoszad

nea-ida, ida, b-ida155Yarenizae

nz-id, -id, ___Ayoquescozaf

neza-eda, -eda, b-edaIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

nea-ida, ida, b-ida156Alopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

nez-id, j-id, b-idYatzachizav

nez-jd, x-jd, b-jd157Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

neza-ida, -ida, b-idaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

155Recall that the lenis stop /d/ is voiceless in [zae].156Recall that the lenis stop /d/ is voiceless in [zaq].157The diphthong here is phonetically [i].

Items 10 49


come; venir; 10.480 'h','p', 'c'


nez-id, -id, b-id;158 -jd,-jd, b-jd 159



Totomachapanzph

nz-did, tid, u-didSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

inzjuse, tse, utseLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

nez-ia, ---, ---Santa Ins Yatzechizpn

nazn-jid, jid, mbidAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

nez-id, j-id, b-idZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

nezCoatlnzps


nez-ed, j-ed, b-edYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

nezZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

Texmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

naz-jad, -jad, u-jadXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl


158'come' (not to home).159'come to home'.

50 Basic Vocabulary


come; venir; 10.480 'h','p', 'c'



Loxichaztp

nzid, kid, b-idQuioquitani-Quierztq

nez-ju160-jed, -jed, z-jedTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 13

For 13.010, see the various issues revolving around the number 'one' and how it should be citedin Counting, this series.

'full'; 'lleno'; 13.210(some are verb 'befull' and cited in h,p, c)

'two';'dos';13.020

'one'; 'uno';13.010

Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code

aupatubi, tuSierra de Jurezzaa

atioptubSan Juan Guelavazab

-, ---, auptubi, tuOcotlnzac

toa; i-a, ji-a,bi-a

op, optoCajonoszad

sa; isa, isa, bisaupatubi, tuYarenizae

tjoptubAyoquescozaf

a; i-a, ---, ---upatobi, tiIsthmuszai

ibMiahuatlnzam

ibOzolotepeczao

sa; isa, isa, bisaupatubi, tuAlopamzaq

tuRincnzar

160/nez/ means 'toward' or 'over there'.

Items 13 51


'two';'dos';13.020

'one'; 'uno';13.010


tibSanto Domingo Albarradaszas

tuTabaazat

-a, a, -aop, optoYatzachizav

-a, i-a, bi-atjopteb, te, teMitlazaw

Xadanizax

tub, tuCoatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

-a, i-a, u-aopatuChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

aoptobSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

-jeza, -jeza,u-jeza

tupteb, teSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

nela; -jela, jela,u-jela

ukutukuLachixozpl

tibMixtepeczpm

-a, ---, b-aoptuSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

nae, jie, nueoptubAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

-a, a, -aoptoZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

topadibaCoatlnzps

dubSan Vicente Coatlnzpt

52 Basic Vocabulary


'two';'dos';13.020

'one'; 'uno';13.010


-ada, w-ada,b-ada

optoYallagzpu

tubiChichicapanzpv

uptibZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

atubTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

ka-; z-, i-,u-

optibXanaguaztg

tibLapagua-Guiviniztl



ibLoxichaztp

-ak, k-ak,bjak

optuQuioquitani-Quierztq

-a, i-a, b-atioptu, tubTilquiapanzts

tuTejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 14

'night (or 'become night)';'noche' (o 'anochecer');14.420 'h', 'p', 'c'

'new'; 'nuevo';14.130


-ala, -ala, ulakubiSierra de Jurezzaa

guinkubSan Juan Guelavazab

elkubiOcotlnzac

Items 14 53


'new'; 'nuevo';14.130


jel; -al, -al, olkob, kobCajonoszad

elakubiYarenizae

ilkubAyoquescozaf

i-ini, ---, bi-inikubi161Isthmuszai

kubMiahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

elakubiAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

jel; -al, -al, olkobYatzachizav

jlna-kob162Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

e; ila;163 r-e, e,u-e164

kubiChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

ilkobSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

lkwebSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

161Most commonly inflected for Stative aspect: /na-kubi/.162s-new.163Used when counting.164The form /ia/ is used when counting the nights.

54 Basic Vocabulary


'new'; 'nuevo';14.130


ula165kukiLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

elkubiSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

jalkubAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

jel; -al, -al, olkobeZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

tlkubCoatlnzps


jelkobYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

alkubZanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

elkubTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

alkubXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

kolkubQuioquitani-Quierztq

el; -ak-el, -ak-el,uk-el166

kubTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

165San Miguel Mixtepec: /ela/.166Literally 'make'-'night'.

Items 14 55


'new'; 'nuevo';14.130


Yateezty

Items 15.4-15.5

'see'; 'ver'; 15.510'h', 'p', 'c'

'hear'; 'or'; 15.410 'h','p', 'c'


i-la, i-la, bi-lai-jeni, i-jeni, bi-jeniSierra de Jurezzaa

-ja, -ja, b-ja-in dia, -in dia, b-india

San Juan Guelavazab

-na-k dia, ---, ---167Ocotlnzac

-lei, i-lei, b-lei-eni, -eni, b-eniCajonoszad

i-la, i-la, bi-lai-jeni-ni, i-jeni-ni,bi-jeni-ni168

Yarenizae

---, b-je, ----ndia, ---, ---Ayoquescozaf

-uja, ---, bija-una diaa, ---, binadiaa169

Isthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

i-la, i-la, bi-laieni-ni, ijieni-ni,bieni-ni170

Alopamzaq

Rincnzar


Tabaazat

-lei, lei, b-lei-ene, j-ene, b-eneYatzachizav

-u-wi, -u-wi,b-a-wi

-u-s-jen, -u-s-jen,b-a-s-jen 171

Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

167Literally ? 'ear' 4.220.168This is a dative verb.169Literally 'obey' 'ear' 4.220.170This is a dative verb.171This verb has causative morphology. /u-/ is the theme vowel commonly used with causatives.

56 Basic Vocabulary

'see'; 'ver'; 15.510'h', 'p', 'c'

'hear'; 'or'; 15.410 'h','p', 'c'


Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

r-l, i-l, b-lr-u-z-naa, u-z-naa,b-z-naa172

Choapanzpc


Petapazpe

-wi, wi, mna-kwa-dia, kwa-dia,p-ka-dia173



Totomachapanzph

-wi, k-wi ~ -wi,wi

-on, -on, w-onSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

-ija, b-ija, ub-ija-jene, jene, u-jeneLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

-jen, ---, ----bia, -bia, u-biaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

nwi, wi, m-win-on, -on, mb-inAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

-le, le, b-le-ene, j-ene, b-eneZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps


-e, e, b-e-ene, j-ene, b-eneYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

172Idiom: 'cause.be.upright-ear' ; 4.220 /u-/ is the theme vowel commonly used with causatives.173The last part is 'ear' 4.220.

Items 15.4-15.5 57

'see'; 'ver'; 15.510'h', 'p', 'c'

'hear'; 'or'; 15.410 'h','p', 'c'


-zak, zak, b-zakTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

-on, -on, uj-onXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl



Loxichaztp

-an, k-an, kon-on, k-on, binQuioquitani-Quierztq

-an, -an, un-in, -in, b-inTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

Items 15.6

In 15.640, 15.650, 15.680, and 15.690, if a prefix is included, it is Stative.

'yellow';'amarillo';15.690

'green';'verde';15.680

'blue';'azul';15.670

'red';'rojo';15.660

'black';'negro';15.650

'white';'blanco';15.640


ISO639-3code

jaija(loanword)inajejaiiSierra de Jurezzaa

nana(loanword)nianasniSan Juan Guelavazab

na-aina-nina-asna-kiiOcotlnzac

ua(loanword)naasjiCajonoszad

jaija(loanword)inajaiziiYarenizae

una-eniejasna-atAyoquescozaf

uina-a174(loanword)iajasekiiIsthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

174The sense of this is 'living (not dead, relating to plants)'. The color is expressed using a loanword from Spanish.

58 Basic Vocabulary




'red';'rojo';15.660




ISO639-3code

jaia(loanword)inajaiziiAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

aa(loanword)naasjiYatzachizav

ona-jasulnianolMitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

AsuncinMixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

aiia(loanword)na ~na

asobeziChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

nna(loanword)jajas,ngas

nkiSan Pedro Quiatonizpf

Guevea deHumboldt

zpg

Totomachapanzph

ngenga=15.680nlongasniSanta MaraQuiegolani

zpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

ainijenije175lunaanikiiLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

ol-iniannas-kiiSanta Ins Yatzechizpn

na-jena-je(loanword)na-nena-asusAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

175The loanword 'azul' is used more commonly today.

Items 15.6 59




'red';'rojo';15.660




ISO639-3code

aea(loanword)naasiZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

Coatlnzps

na---176San VicenteCoatln

zpt

aa(loanword)naasiYallagzpu

Chichicapanzpv

kamdnakaZanizazpw

San BaltazarLoxicha

zpx

Mazaltepeczpy

Texmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

jn(loanword)enna177

jaznkiXanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl

San AgustnMixtepec

ztm


ztn

Loxichaztp

kun(loanword)ninjesniQuioquitani-Quierztq

n-an-a(loanword)nian-asn-kiTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

176Compare /ni/ 'yellow'.177Literally 'blood' 'appears'.

60 Basic Vocabulary

Items 18

'name';'nombre';18.280

'tell story';'contar'('relatar'); 18.221'h', 'p', 'c'

'sing'; 'cantar';18.120 'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

la-ula, -ula, b-elaSierra de Jurezzaa

lar-ue, g-ue, b-e-uld, -uld, b-ildSan Juan Guelavazab

l178-uld, -uld,b-ild

Ocotlnzac

le-ses, w-ses,b-ses

-ol, -ol, b-ilCajonoszad

lai-iia, kiia,u-diia

-ula, ula, b-ilaYarenizae

le() 179-olAyoquescozaf

l-u-zabi dia,---, ---180

-unda, ---,b-inda

Isthmuszai

Miahuatlnzam

Ozolotepeczao

la-iia, kiia,u-diia

-ula, ula, b-ilaAlopamzaq

Rincnzar


zas

Tabaazat

la-ual, -ual,b--ual

-ol, ---, ---Yatzachizav

la-ol, -ol, b-l182-ol-o, -ol-o,b-l-o181

Mitlazaw

Xadanizax

Coatecas Altaszca

178'is called'.179'is called'.180Literally 'show' 'word'.181Etymologically 'tellmouth'.182'tell''.

Items 18 61



'sing'; 'cantar';18.120 'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

Asuncin Mixtepeczoo

Lachiguirizpa

Yautepeczpb

lao-ula, w-ila, b-ilaChoapanzpc


Petapazpe

la-uj, -uj, be-ol, -ol, b-ilSan Pedro Quiatonizpf


Totomachapanzph

la-zt, j-zt,w-zt

-ol-ban, -ol-ban,w-ol-ban183

Santa Mara Quiegolanizpi

Quiavicuzaszpj

Tlacolulitazpk

le-kie, kie, u-kie-ula, ula, un-ulaLachixozpl

Mixtepeczpm

la-old, -old,b-ild

Santa Ins Yatzechizpn

le 185n-za kuent, zakuent, m-zakuent184

n-ol, -ol, mb-ilAmatlnzpo

El Altozpp

la-uala,-uala,b--uala

-ol, -ol, b-ilZoogochozpq

Santiago Xanicazpr

lCoatlnzps


la-ol, -ol, b-elYallagzpu

183Etymologically 'read' '?'.184The part /kuent/ is a loanword from Spanish 'cuento'. Other varieties have a similar idiom.185'is called'.

62 Basic Vocabulary



'sing'; 'cantar';18.120 'h', 'p', 'c'


ISO 639-3code

Chichicapanzpv

Zanizazpw


Mazaltepeczpy

laTexmelucanzpz

Southern Rincnzsr

Elotepeczte

l-ne kuent, ---, ----ol kant, ---,---186

Xanaguaztg

Lapagua-Guiviniztl


laSanta Catarina Albarradasztn

Loxichaztp

l-so kuent, k-sokuent, p-so kuent

-ol, k-ol, b-ilQuioquitani-Quierztq

la-ni, -ni, u-ni187-uld, -uld, b-ildTilquiapanzts

Tejalapanztt

Gilztu

Zaachilaztx

Yateezty

186The verb is also used for 'dance'; the second part of this idiom is from Spanish 'cantar' for 'sing'.187This is simply the verb for 'say, speak'.

Items 18 63

Index of English Terms

An index from English to the IDS number is given below.

river 1.360ground 1.210, 1.212air 1.710

sand 1.215hand 4.330ashes 1.840

see 15.510head 4.200be born 4.720

sing 18.120hear 15.410black 15.650

skin 4.120ahide 4.120bblood 4.150

sky 1.510hill 1.220blue 15.670

soil 1.210, 1.212horn 4.170bone 4.160

star 1.540I 2.910breast (of woman) 4.410

stone 1.440knee 4.360brook 1.360

stream 1.360land 1.210, 1.212burn (intr.) 1.851

sun 1.520leaf 8.560cave 1.280

tell story 18.221leather 6.290charcoal 1.890

tongue 4.260live 4.740come 10.480

tooth 4.270liver 4.450die 4.750

tree 1.420, 8.600louse 3.811dog 3.610

two 13.020male 2.300drink 5.130

water 1.310moon 1.530dust 1.213

we (exclusive) 2.942mountain 1.220ear 4.220

we (inclusive) 2.941mud 1.214earth 1.210, 1.212

white 15.640name 18.280earthquake 1.450

wind 1.720new 14.130eat 5.110

wood 1.430night (or become night) 14.420eye 4.210

yellow 15.690nose 4.230female 2.400

you (pl.) 2.950one 13.010fire 1.810

you (sg.) 2.920path 10.720firewood 1.880

person 2.100fish 3.650

rain 1.750flame 1.820

rainbow 1.590foam 1.324

raw 5.122full 13.210

red 15.660green 15.680

64 Basic Vocabulary

Index of Spanish Terms

An index from Spanish to the IDS number is given below.

pez 3.650hembra 2.400agua 1.310

piedra 1.440hgado 4.450aire 1.710

piel 4.120ahoja 8.560amarillo 15.690

piojo 3.811hueso 4.160rbol 1.420, 8.600

polvo 1.213lengua 4.260arco iris 1.590

ro 1.360lea 1.880arder 1.851

rodilla 4.360lodo 1.214arena 1.215

rojo 15.660luna 1.530arroyo 1.360

sangre 4.150llama 1.820azul 15.670

senda 10.720lleno 13.210beber 5.130

sol 1.520lluvia 1.750blanco 15.640

terremoto 1.450macho 2.300cabeza 4.200

tierra 1.210, 1.212madera 1.430camino 10.720

t 2.920mano 4.330cantar 18.120

uno 13.010morir 4.750carbn 1.890

venir 10.480nacer 4.720cenizas 1.840

ver 15.510nariz 4.230cerro 1.220

verde 15.680negro 15.650cielo 1.510

viento 1.720noche (o anochecer) 14.420comer 5.110

vivir 4.740nombre 18.280contar 18.221

vosotros 2.950nosotros (exclusivo) 2.942corriente 1.360

yo 2.910nosotros (inclusivo) 2.941crudo 5.122

nuevo 14.130cuerno 4.170

or 15.410cuero 6.290

ojo 4.210cueva 1.280

oreja 4.220diente 4.270

pecho (de mujer) 4.410dos 13.020

pellejo 4.120bespuma 1.324

persona 2.100estrella 1.540

perro 3.610fuego 1.810

Index of Spanish Terms 65

Abbreviations

completive=chabitual=hpotential=pstative=s

References

Buck, Carl Darling, compiler. 1949. A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

66 Basic Vocabulary

ContentsIntroductionItems 1.2Items 1.3Items 1.4Items 1.5Items 1.7Items 1.8Items 2.1-2.4Items 2.9Items 3.6-3.8Items 4.1Items 4.2Items 4.3Items 4.4Items 4.7Items 5Items 6Items 8Items 10Items 13Items 14Items 15.4-15.5Items 15.6Items 18Index of English TermsIndex of Spanish TermsAbbreviationsReferences

Documents

Basic Vocab Zapotec