Basics Concepts of Information Technology

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THE BASIC CONCEPTS

OF INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY



ContentsContents ............................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER ONE: What is a PC? ......................................................... 3Operating System ........................................................................................4

GUI – Graphic User Interface ........................................................................5Multi-tasking ................................................................................................5What is a bit? or What is a Byte? .................................................................5How big is My File? KB, MB, GB ....................................................................5

CHAPTER 2: Hardware ................................................................... 7 The System Unit ...........................................................................................7Motherboard ................................................................................................7Basic PC Components ..................................................................................8AGP (Video Adapter) ....................................................................................9Hard Drive (C: Drive) ...................................................................................9PCI BUS ......................................................................................................10

CPU or Central Processor Unit ....................................................................10Microprocessor History ..............................................................................10Intel’s Core 2 ..............................................................................................12DVD ROM Drive ..........................................................................................13DVD RW Drive (Burner) ..............................................................................13DVD+RW Disc ............................................................................................13LCD Monitor or Display ..............................................................................14

CHAPTER 3: Memory ................................................................... 15Read-Only Memory (ROM) .........................................................................15Random-Access Memory (RAM) .................................................................15

CHAPTER 4: Peripherals .............................................................. 17

Printers ......................................................................................................19Scanners ....................................................................................................19Modem .......................................................................................................20Flash Drive .................................................................................................20

CHAPTER 5: The Basics ................................................................ 21Let’s Turn if On ..........................................................................................21Do not turn it off! .......................................................................................22

CHAPTER 6: The Keyboard ........................................................... 23Basic Keys ..................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 7: The Mouse ............................................................... 25Pointing the Mouse ....................................................................................26

The Mouse Click .........................................................................................26Dragging ....................................................................................................27Double-click ...............................................................................................27Right Button ...............................................................................................27Scroll Wheel/Button ...................................................................................27

.................................................................................................. 27Mouse Tip for Seniors ................................................................................28Are You Left Handed? ................................................................................28

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Exercise 1 ..................................................................................................28Practice your mouse skills on the Internet .................................................29

Chapter 8: Glossary .................................................................... 30FAQ ............................................................................................................31How do I change pointers? ........................................................................31

Why are there multiple different versions of XP? ......................................31Should I Upgrade to Vista? .........................................................................31Chapter 9: Quiz .......................................................................... 32

CHAPTER ONE: What is a PC?

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The first mass marketed PC was the IBM-PC which appears way back in 1981. The acronym PC was coined for ―Personal Computer. The term PCcompatible related to compatible PC’s from other manufactures that madePC’s which ran the same software at the IBM-PC. The first PC’s used an

operating system called DOS (Disk Operating System) which wasdevelopment by Microsoft. Today, Microsoft Windows is the pre-dominateoperating system for most PC’s.

Operating System

An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS) is the software componentof a computer system that is responsible for the management andcoordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for application programs that are run on

the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is tohandle the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves applicationprograms from having to manage these details and makes it easier to writeapplications. Almost all computers, including hand-held computers, desktopcomputers, supercomputers, and even modern video game consoles, use anoperating system of some type.

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1The Windows Operating System lets you talk to the computer through adevice called a Mouse and Keyboard.

GUI – Graphic User Interface

A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface which allowspeople to interact with electronic devices like computers, hand-held devices(MP3 Players, Portable Media Players, gaming devices), household appliancesand office equipment. A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators asopposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigationto fully represent the information and actions available to a user. The actionsare usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements.In 1984, the Macintosh 128K was the first mass produces computer to have aGUI interface and mouse. Prior to that time, very few computers have even

seen a mouse.

Multi-tasking

Multi-tasking is a method by which multiple tasks, also known as processes,share common processing resources such as a CPU. In the case of acomputer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any pointin time, meaning that the CPU is actively executing instructions for that task.Multitasking solves the problem by scheduling which task may be the onerunning at any given time, and when another waiting task gets a turn.

What is a bit? or What is a Byte?

In computer memory terms, the definition of a byte is a collection of eightbits. Unlike a bit that can hold the value of zero or one, a byte of memorycan hold a value from 0-255. On many computer systems, the Byte is thesmall unit of memory. With 0-255 combinations to work with, this can easyrepresent all the numbers and letters in the English alphabet. The method of coding that is most popular on PC architecture is known as ASCII (AmericanStandard Code of Information Interchange). For example: 01100001 binaryrepresent a lower case ―a‖ in the ASCII system.

How big is My File? KB, MB, GB

A kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes, not one thousand bytes as might be expected. This odd number results from the fact that computers use binary (base two)math, instead of a decimal (base ten) system.

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Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB). Amedium-sized novel contains about 1MB of information. 1MB is 1,024kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million bytes. Again, thisnumber results from the fact that computers use binary math.

Unit Abb. Size Equivalent

Bit 1 bitByte 8 bits 1 text characterKilobyte K 1,025 bytes 1 page of textMegabyte

MB 1,048,576bytes

A novel

Gigabyte GB 1,024Megabytes

An encyclopaedia

Terabyte (TB) is 1,024GB; 1TB is about the same amount of information asall of the books in a large library, or roughly 1,610 CDs worth of data.

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CHAPTER 2: Hardware

The System Unit

Motherboard

The motherboard is the most important part of the computer. It is the circuitboard where all of the computer's components are linked together.On the motherboard is the CPU or central processor unit. The CPU is theheart of the computer. It also has the slots for RAM memory and additional

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PCI slot for upgrading your computer such as graphic adapter, soundadapter, modem, firewire for video transfer, TV card, etc. There is a widerange of device that can be added to the motherboard.

A PC is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of

different parts -- memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. -- that work together."General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Internet and playgames.

Basic PC Components

Let's take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer.Beside the motherboard, you have additional components need to completethe system unit. These include, power supply, CPU Fan, Graphic card, PCI

bus, hard drive, floppy disk drive and CD/DVD drive.

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AGP (Video Adapter)

Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port, oftenshortened to AGP) is a high-speed system for attaching a graphics card to acomputer's motherboard, primarily used to accelerate 3D graphics.

Hard Drive (C: Drive)

The HDD (Hard Disk Drive) is a non-volatile memory storage device whichstore data magnetically on the fast moving rigid platter. Today’s HDD are asealed unit capable of storing several hundred Gigi-Bytes of data. A typicalstorage size for a hard drive is 160GB to 500GB. The hard disk is locatedinside the CPU and is similar to a floppy disk.

The only differences are it cannot be removed. The HDD should have

enough memory to stores all of the programs, data and files on the computersystem. The Hard Drive is like a file cabinet. The Hard Drive stores all of thesoftware on your system.

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PCI BUS

Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus - The most common way to connectadditional components to the computer, PCI uses a series of slots on themotherboard that PCI cards plug into.

CPU or Central Processor Unit

A microprocessor -also known as a CPU or central processing unit. It is acomplete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. The firstmicroprocessor was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. The 4004 was notvery powerful -- all it could do was add and subtract, and it could only dothat 4 bits at a time. But it was amazing that everything was on one chip.

Microprocessor History

The first microprocessor to make it into a home computer was the Intel 8080,a complete 8-bit computer on one chip, introduced in 1974. The firstmicroprocessor to make a real splash in the market was the Intel 8088,introduced in 1979 and incorporated into the IBM PC (which first appeared

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around 1982). If you are familiar with the PC market and its history, youknow that the PC market moved from the 8088 to the 80286 to the 80386 tothe 80486 to the Pentium to the Pentium II to the Pentium III to the Pentium4. All of these microprocessors are made by Intel and all of them areimprovements on the basic design of the 8088. The Pentium 4 can execute

any piece of code that ran on the original 8088, but it does it about 5,000times faster! The following table helps you to understand the differencesbetween the different processors that Intel has introduced over the years.

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Pentium4

2000

42,000,000

0.18 1.5 GHz 32 bits, 64-bit bus

Intel’s Core 2

The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit dual-core and2x2 MCM quad-core CPUs with the x86-64 instruction set, based on the IntelCore micro-architecture, The Core 2 micro-architecture returned to lowerclock speeds and improved processors' usage of both available clock cyclesand power compared with preceding Net-Burst of the Pentium 4/D-brandedCPUs.[ The Core 2 brand was introduced on July 27, 2006 comprising the Solo(single-core), Duo (dual-core), Quad (quad-core), and Extreme (dual- orquad-core CPUs for enthusiasts) branches, during 2007.

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Name Date

Transistors

Microns

Clockspeed

Data width

8080 197

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6,000 6 2 MHz 8 bits

8088 1979

29,000 3 5 MHz 16 bits, 8-bit bus

80286 1982

134,000 1.5 6 MHz 16 bits

80386 1985

275,000 1.5 16 MHz 32 bits

80486 1989

1,200,000

1 25 MHz 32 bits

Pentium 1993

3,100,000

0.8 60 MHz 32 bits, 64-bit bus

PentiumII

1997

7,500,000


PentiumIII

1999

9,500,000




DVD ROM Drive

The DVD also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc". TheROM is short for Read Only Memory. Most DVDs are of the same dimensionsas compact discs (CDs) but store more than six times as much data (4.7GB). This type of drive can only read CD or DVD disc. To be able to write onto ablank CD or DVD, you need a ―Burner drive. The main function of the DVDROM is you load or run additional program applications on your system.

DVD RW Drive (Burner)Short for DVD-Rewritable, a re-recordable DVD format similar to CD-RW orDVD+RW. A DVD Burner is able to write (burn) data on a DVD-RW disc whichcan be erased and recorded over numerous times without damaging themedium. A DVD-R or +R disc can only be burned once. Most computers willcome with a DVD/CD burner, which will allow you to burn both CD and DVDformat. With a burn you can backup your hard drive, create picture slideshow or even DVD movies.

DVD+RW Disc

DVD-RW disc is a rewritable optical disc with equal storage capacity to aDVD-R and DVD+R, typically 4.7 GB. The format was developed by Pioneer inNovember 1999 and has been approved by the DVD Forum. However, theyare less popular for computer use than DVD-R or DVD+R discs, because theyare not suitable for permanent backup files (because non-rewritable media issignificantly cheaper).

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LCD Monitor or Display

(Liquid Crystal Display) monitors are becoming hot items as prices drop andtechnology improves. If you haven’t made the leap from your old CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) screen yet, or you plan on upgrading your monitoranytime soon, this is for you.In shopping for a monitor, you should purchase the largest screen you canafford. A good monitor can last much longer than the Desktop PC. I wouldstart with a 19 screen or larger.

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CHAPTER 3: Memory

Memory is the internal storage areas in the computer. The term identifiesdata storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is usedfor the memory that exists on tapes or disks. Moreover, the term memory isusually used as shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actualchips capable of holding data. Therefore, memory is both hardware andsoftware.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is computer memory on which data has been pre-recorded. Once datahas been written on a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read.

ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM isreferred to as being non-volatile. Most personal computers contain a smallamount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that bootsthe computer. In addition, ROM is used extensively in calculators andperipheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored inROM.

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

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RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that can be accessedrandomly and is the most common type of memory found in computers andother devices, such as printers RAM in the PC is temporary because it forgetseverything when the computer is off. Programs are transferred here whenyou want to use a specific program or create or change data files, pictures,etc.

Again when you are finished you must save you work back to the hard disk inorder to preserve the changes.

o The Windows Operating System runs faster with more RAM.o When an application doesn’t have enough RAM, it swaps from

the Hard Drive. This is known as ―Virtual Memory.

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CHAPTER 4: Peripherals

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Any hardware device that is attached to your PC is known as Peripherals.

Printers

The two common printer types are Inkjet and Laser. Inkjet is the mostcommon type of computer printer for the general consumer due to their lowcost, high quality of output, capability of printing in vivid colour, and ease of use. The more expensive option for colour printing is a colour laser printer. They create high quality colour graphics and photos, as well as sharp text, allat significantly faster rates: 25-35 pages per minute (ppm) for text and 5-25ppm for graphics.

There's a hefty price attached since colour lasers. Another popular printer isthe All-In-One or Multifunction printer which combine printing, scanning,copying and faxing all in one machine. These printers are cheaper thanbuying separate stand-alone devices, take up less space and need only oneconnector cable and one power outlet. One disadvantage is that if yourprinter stops working, so does your fax, scanner or copier.

Scanners

A scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting,or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found inoffices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the

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document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Many scanners alsodouble as a copier and fax machine. Some can even act as a printer. Theseare called all-in-one printers (scan, fax, copy, email).

Modem

Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program thatenables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cablelines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas informationtransmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analoguewaves. Common use of a Modem is to connect to the Internet.

Note: For high speed connection, your Internet provider will usually installthe proper modem that will work will their service.

Flash Drive

A Flash drive is a storage device that uses flash memory rather thanconventional spinning platters to store data. Unlike USB flash drives andmemory cards, flash drives tend to physically imitate conventional hard

drives in size, shape, and interface so that they may act as a replacement forhard drives. With nothing being mechanically driven in a flash drive, thename may be seen as a misnomer.

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CHAPTER 5: The Basics

Nowadays there is great variety of operating systems, such as WindowsVista, Windows XP, Windows NT, Linux, etc. We are going to work withMicrosoft’s Windows XP and Vista operating systems. The operating systemis indispensable for the computer; without it the computer could not work.

The main function of any operating system is being an intermediary betweenus and the physical parts of the computer (screen, keyboard, hard disk,printer,...), making it easier to handle. For example, there is no need for us toknow exactly in what part of the hard disk we have saved a certaindocument we created, the operating systems takes care of it.

Let’s Turn if On

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All computers will have devices (peripherals) attached to it that should beswitched on before you switch the Base Unit on. You should switch these onfirst so that the system will recognize them as it progresses through the―Boot-Up process. Usually these peripheral include monitor, printer,scanners, etc.

Do not turn it off!

NEVER just turn the power switch OFF on base unit. You must do the proper―Shut-Down‖ from the Windows Start Menu. We will cover this in theWindows section.

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CHAPTER 6: The Keyboard

The arrangement of characters on a QWERTY keyboard was designed in1868 by Christopher Sholes, the inventor of the typewriter. According topopular myth, Sholes arranged the keys in their odd fashion to prevent jamming on mechanical typewriters by separating commonly used lettercombinations.

Basic Keys

Enter – completes and action or creates a new paragraph in text editing.Move the cursor down one line to add extra space between paragraphs.Confirm entry into a test form.Space Bar – blank spacesCaps Lock – lock the keyboard in upper case letters.Shift – Upper case letter or symbols (!@#$%^&*()_+)Arrow Keys Moves the cursor up, down, left or right in text editing mode. There are two sets of arrows. The second set is on the numeric keypad when

Num Lock is off.Numeric Keypad When Num Lock is on, this act as a numeric key pad forinputting numbers. When Num Lock is off , the keypad move the text cursor.Home move the cursor to the beginning of the line. End – move the cursor tothe end of line.Page Up – moves the page up. Page Dn – moves the page down.

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DEL or DELETE - Deletes the character at cursor and/or characters to theright of the cursor and all highlighted (or selected) text.BKSP or BACKSPACE - Deletes the character to the left of cursor and allhighlighted text.TAB - Moves the cursor five spaces to the right (number of spaces are

usually adjustable). Tab moves to the next field in a form or table (Shift-Tabfor previous field).ARROW KEYS - Moves the cursor around document without changing textControl Key Ctrl – control key is used in conjunction with other keys toperform a special operation.Window Key

– Window shortcuts :Displays the Start Menu

+ E – opens Windows Explorer (Computer)+ D – toggles between minimize and restore.Alt key – another command modifiers similar to the Ctrl key.Ctrl + Home – go to the beginning of the documentCtrl+End - go to the end of the documentAlt + F4 – close a windows Function Keys – Shortcut command.F1 will open a Help menu in most programs. Other software may use this keydifferently. Print Screen - Sends the current screen to the printer. Ctrl+PrtScrn – capture the current screen to the clipboard.

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CHAPTER 7: The Mouse

The standard mouse for Windows XP is a 3 button mouse. For the right-handed person, the left button is the main button. This can be reversed forleft-handed individuals.

The left button is the most used because with it we select objects, drag anddrop, open, close programs, etc.

The middle button or the scroll wheel is used to scroll up and down.Sometimes for it to take effect we need to click on what we want to scroll upand down. The right button is used to open the shortcut or alternate menu,depending on what you click on, the functions of the menu displayed varies.

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Pointing the Mouse

When you point with the mouse, you should always remember that the tip of the arrow is the spot at which you are pointing.

The Mouse Click

For a right-handed individual, the left mouse button is the main button to use

in the Windows operating system. This is the most used button to selectitems from a menu and launch programs. Typical thing to click on are:command button, menu, icons, radio button and hypertext.

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Dragging

Dragging is used to select several objects at the same time. To Drag, yousimply hold down left button down while you are move the mouse pointer.

When you let go of the mouse button, this is called a Drop. Thus the term,“Drag and Drop”. This is an important concept you muse master inperforming many Windows task.

Double-click

This is used to execute the desired programs associated with the icons.Mouse Over: Sometime additional information about the button or icon willappear simply by positioning the mouse over it with no clicking.

Right Button

Additional option menu will appear. This is context sensitive which means a

different menu will appear based on what you click on.

Scroll Wheel/Button

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The middle scroll button functions in two ways. As a wheel you can scroll upand down a page by rolling to button up or down. The second method is toclick on it like a button. This will create the Anchor on your page. Click theScroll Button the place the anchor on the page. Move the mouse up or downaway from the Anchor will cause the page to scroll up or down.

Mouse Tip for Seniors

Rest the heel of your hand on the table in front of the mouse. Hold themouse between thumb and ring and little fingers. Use only the thumb andthe fourth fingers to move the body of the mouse.

Are You Left Handed?

11. Click on the Start Button22. Slide the mouse cursor to Settings and click once with the left mousebutton13. Slide the mouse cursor over to Control Panel and click once with the leftmouse button24. Gently and quickly click twice with the left mouse button on the Mouseicon.35. Select left-handed from the Mouse Properties pop-up window.

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Exercise 1

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Selecting and De-Selecting11. Click on any desktop icon.

22. Watch the colour change.33. Click on an open area of the desktop

44. Watch the colour change back.

55. Repeat Step 1 to 4 for all icons.

Practice your mouse skills on the Internet

http://www.mouseprogram.com/http://www.pbclibrary.org/mousing/intro.htmhttp://www.seniornet.org/howto/mouseexercises/dragpractice1.htmlhttp://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/Avery/activities/mouse/MouseSkills.htm

Dragging (Move an Icon)11. Click on one of the desktop icons and hold the left button.22. Move the mouse to a different location.33. Release the mouse button.

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Chapter 8: Glossary

Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of thecomputer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that acomputer does is overseen by the CPU. Current CPU Technology usesmultiply cores or CPU’s in the same chip. Intel’s Core 2 Quad Processor is thelatest.

Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fastbecause it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specifictypes of memory in a computer:RAM – (Random-Access Memory ) Used to temporarily store information thatthe computer is currently working with. The word RAM is mostly associatedwith volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where theinformation is lost after the power is switched off. However, many othertypes of memory are RAM as well (i.e. Random Access Memory), includingmost types of ROM and a kind of flash memory called NOR-Flash. ForWindows Vista, a RAM of at least 4GB preferred.ROM - (Read-only memory), A permanent type of memory storage used

by the computer for important data that does not changeBIOS - (Basic input/output system) - A type of ROM that is used by thecomputer to establish basic communication when the computer is firstturned on. Caching or Cache - The storing of frequently used data inextremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPUDOS, for "Disk Operating System", is a shorthand term for a family of closely related operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatiblemarket between 1981 and 1995, or until about 2000 if one includes DOS-based Microsoft Windows versions (Windows 95, Windows 98, and WindowsME).Flash Memory is non-volatile computer memory that can be electricallyerased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used inmemory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of databetween computers and other digital products Virtual memory - Space on ahard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM asneededMotherboard - This is the main circuit board that all of the other internalcomponents connect to. The CPU and memory are usually on the

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motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard orconnected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound cardcan be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.Power Supply - An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used bythe computer. Hard disk - This is large-capacity permanent storage used to

hold information such as programs and documents.ID 10 T Error - Popular among cell phone company employees (as the termalso sounds similar to a phone model number). If the person called an ID 10- T doesn't understand, they further prove the name caller's point. Often usedin the context of user error. Question: "What is wrong with my phone?"Answer: "It must be the ID 10-T error." (―IDIOT‖)Operating system - This is the basic software that allows the user tointerface with the computer.IDE – (Integrated Drive Electronics Controller) - This is the primaryinterface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive.AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port is a very high-speed connection used by

the graphics card to interface with the computer.Sound card - This is used by the computer to record and play audio byconverting analogue sound into digital information and back again.Graphics card - This translates image data from the computer into a formatthat can be displayed by the monitor.

FAQ

How do I change pointers?

You can change pointer schemes by opening the Mouse Properties dialog box

at the Pointers tab. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, double-click Mouse, and then click the Pointers tab.

Why are there multiple different versions of XP?

XP will initially be released in two different versions: Windows XP Professional(for businesses) and Windows XP Home Edition (for consumers.) Although thekernel for both operating systems are the same, the Home Edition is astripped down version of the Professional version. Its main focus is theconsumer home PC market, and it is designed to be easier to use. Much of itsinterface assumes that you have a full time internet connection and that

your primary online activities are browsing, e-mail, instant messaging,listening to MP3 and online music, and sharing photos and other digitalmedia on the web. XP Professional is designed for businessand advanced home users who need security and enhanced networkingcapabilities. Should I Upgrade to Vista?

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For most people, the short answer is "no," unless you're buying a newcomputer. For starters, there are critical issues with Vista, and the lack of drivers for many system components is a big problem with making thecomputer work. Buying a new computer with Vista pre-installed should avoidthe second problem. Also, Vista requires a faster CPU and more RAM than

XP. There your hardware may have to be updated before you can upgrade toVista.

Chapter 9: Quiz

11) Which type of computer is the most powerful?2a. Mainframe3b. Portable4c. Handheld5d. Desktop

6e. Laptop

12) Which of these is Hardware?2a. CPU3b. Keyboard4c. Mouse5d. CD ROM6e. Windows Vista7f. Microsoft Word

13) Which of these is Software?2a. CPU3b. Keyboard4c. Mouse5d. Microsoft Windows

6e. Norton’s Anti-Virus7f. Computer Virus

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14) Which of these affect the speed of the computer?2a. Larger hard drive3b. Increase the RAM1c. Size of the System Unit2d. Speed of the CPU

3e. Wireless Keyboard

15) What happened to RAM memory when the computer is turn off?2a. It saves your files.3b. Your files are deleted.4c. It is volatile.5d. Much faster that the hard drive.

126) How many bits are in a byte?3a. 1

4b. 85c. 16

17) All data you create is stored on permanently your:2a. RAM3b. ROM4c. Hard Drive5d. Flash Drive6e. Personal Folder

18) Which of the following are input device?

2a. Mouse3b. Printer4c. Speaker5d. Keyboard1e. Monitor.

2f. Web Cam

19) On a right-handed mouse, the primary button is the:2a. Right Button3b. Middle Button4c. Left Button

5d. Scroll Button610) What is the Active Windows?

111) How do I make a window active?

112) Every Windows has 4 bars. What are they?

113) What is a dialog box?

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114) Where do I click to access the CD drive?

115) What is an I-beam?

116) What is an Insertion Point?

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Basics Concepts of Information Technology