Basics of Computer & IT[1].ppt

8/14/2019 Basics of Computer & IT[1].ppt

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Basics of

Computer & Informtion

Technology


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Definition of Computer

Computer is an electronic machine which

accepts some data as input, process at

electronic speed and gives some outputunder stored programs.


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Data

Data:Streams of raw facts representing events

such as business transactions.

Data can also be classified as: quantitative

qualitative

discrete

continuous

primary

secondary.


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Types of data

Quantitative datais that capable of being

measured numerically, e.g. the standard labour

hours required to produce one unit of output. Qualitative datais that not capable of being

measured numerically but may reflect

distinguishing characteristics, e.g. the grade of

labour used to produce the unit of output.


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Types of data

Data is said to be discretewhen it can only take

on specific fixed values, e.g. the actual number

of vehicles through a car wash per day could be35 but not 35.3.

Whereas continuous datatakes on any

numerical value and we could, in an eight hour

day, measure the throughput of cars as 4.375per hour i.e. 35 cars / 8 hours.


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Types of data

Primary datais collected for a particular enquiry,for example by observation, employees wouldbe observed performing a 'value adding' activitywhen establishing a standard time for theactivity.

Data collected by a trade association from anumber of firms and comprising tradeassociation statistics would become secondarydatawhen used by a firm in the sector makingan enquiry of its own.


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Information

Information:Clusters

of facts that are

meaningful and usefulto human beings in

the processes such

as making decisions

Information


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Types of Information

Information is classed as:

Strategicthat information relating to the

longer term planning and strategic focus ofthe business.

Tacticalthat used in short term planning

and decision making within an organisation.

Operationalthat relevant to day-to-day

decision making.


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Types of Information: Strategic

Strategic Information would relate to the longer-

term strategy on the companys market share,

which in turn informs the production plan. This plan would be used to predetermine the

level of investment required in capital equipment

in the longer term.

This process which 'compels planning' wouldlead to investigating new methods and

technology.


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Types of Information : Tactical

Tactical information could include the short-term

budget for 12 months and would show the

budgeted machine utilisation in terms ofmachine hours for each item of plant.

The total machine hours being predetermined

from the production budget for the period.


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Types of Information: Operational

Operational information would include a current

weeks report for a cost center on the capacity of

the plant utilized in the period. actual machine hours x 100

budgeted machine hours

i.e. the percentage capacity utilized.


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Types of Computer (A/C to Size)

Supercomputer

Mainframe computer

Midrange / Minicomputer

Microcomputer


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1) Supercomputer

Supercomuter are high-capacity machines withthousands of processors

that can perform morethan several trillioncalculations per second.

Its speed is measured inMFLOPS and GFLOPS.

It is used in area ofdefense and weaponry,weather forcasting,scientific research etc.


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Mainframe computer

Larger, more expensive,

and faster than midrange

computer.

Permit the interconnection

of a greater number of

people.

Typically store larger

volume of data andinformation.

Speed : MFLOPS, GFLOPS


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Minicomputer / Midrange

Perform specific functionlike to control complexmanufacturing processes

or to operate a hotelsreservation system.

Interconnect people andlarge sets of information.

Powerful than

microcomputer.

Speed : Multiple ofFLOPS or Hz.


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Microcomputer

Relatively compact and

usually found on a table

or desktop.

Speed : MHz or GHz.

Desktop computer,

Notebook, Laptop,

palmtop, pen-based

computer, PDA are typesof microcomputer.

Generally use as a client.


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Types of computer (A/c to Function)

1. Digital computer

High speed, programmable electronic

devices that perform mathematicalcalculations, compare values and results.

Counts discreate signals (0,1).

Example : Desktop computer, Digitalcamera etc.


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2. Analog Computer

Measures the physical properties like

voltage, pressure, temperature etc. Works on continuouse signals.

Examples : Furnace thermostate, voltmeter,

speedometer etc.


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3. Hybrid Computer

Combine functionality of Digital and Analog

computer. Example : Modern Petrolpump, Robots etc.


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Communication

The sending and receiving of

data and information over a

communication network.

Data Communication

The transmission of data

and information through a

communication network.

Communication Networks

A set of stations, conssiting of hardware, programs,

and information, that are linked togather as a system

that transmits and receives data or information.


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Information Technology (IT)

Information technology is a general term

that describes any technology that helps

to produce, manipulate, store,communicate, and/or desseminate

information.

Computer

Technology

Communication

Technology+ =Information

Technology


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Information system

A set of interrelated components that collect

(or retrieve), process, store, and distribute

information to support decision making andcontrol in an organization


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Activities in Information System

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

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Basics of Computer & IT[1].ppt