Basketball Injury Prevention and Treatment

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Basketball Injury Basketball Injury Prevention and TreatmentPrevention and Treatment

Bryce Compton, MS, LAT, ATCCertified Athletic Trainer

Injury Occurrence in BasketballInjury Occurrence in BasketballIn a Recent Study by the SAFE KIDS In a Recent Study by the SAFE KIDS Campaign, More Than 200,000 Children Ages Campaign, More Than 200,000 Children Ages 55--14 Were Treated in a Hospital Emergency 14 Were Treated in a Hospital Emergency Room for Basketball Related Injuries.Room for Basketball Related Injuries.

Most Common Most Common Injuries in BasketballInjuries in Basketball

16.2%16.2%13.3%13.3%StrainsStrains

44.2%44.2%44.6%44.6%SprainsSprains

19.6%19.6%26.5%26.5%General General TraumaTrauma

FemalesFemalesMalesMalesInjuryInjury

Injury Occurrence in BasketballInjury Occurrence in Basketball

8.8%8.8%12.2%12.2%Face/ScalpFace/Scalp

11.2%11.2%11.5%11.5%Forearm/Wrist/Forearm/Wrist/HandHand

13%13%10.3%10.3%KneeKnee

16.6%16.6%14.7%14.7%Hip/Thigh/LegHip/Thigh/Leg36%36%38.3%38.3%Ankle/FootAnkle/Foot

FemalesFemalesMalesMalesInjuryInjury

Basketball InjuriesBasketball Injuries

Traumatic Overuse

Traumatic InjuriesTraumatic InjuriesSudden Onset of Sudden Onset of Injury.Injury.Mechanism of Injury Mechanism of Injury is Usually Known.is Usually Known.Usually a Clear Usually a Clear Indication of an Indication of an Inflammatory Inflammatory Process.Process.

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Inflammatory SignsInflammatory SignsRedness.Redness.Heat.Heat.Pain.Pain.Swelling.Swelling.Loss of Function.Loss of Function.

Common Traumatic Common Traumatic Injuries in BasketballInjuries in Basketball

Head Injuries.Head Injuries.–– Concussions.Concussions.

Shoulder Injuries.Shoulder Injuries.–– Dislocations.Dislocations.–– Instability.Instability.

Hand and Wrist Injuries.Hand and Wrist Injuries.Knee Injuries.Knee Injuries.–– Ligament Sprains.Ligament Sprains.–– Meniscal Injuries.Meniscal Injuries.

Ankle and Foot Injuries.Ankle and Foot Injuries.–– Sprains.Sprains.–– Fractures.Fractures.

Grade 1 ConcussionsGrade 1 ConcussionsSymptoms:Symptoms:–– Transient Confusion.Transient Confusion.–– No Loss of No Loss of

Consciousness.Consciousness.–– No Headaches.No Headaches.–– No Neurological No Neurological

Symptoms.Symptoms.–– Symptoms Resolve Symptoms Resolve

in Less Than 15 in Less Than 15 Minutes.Minutes.

Grade 1 ConcussionsGrade 1 ConcussionsManagement:Management:–– Remove from Remove from

Contest.Contest.–– Examine Examine

Immediately and at Immediately and at 55--Minute Intervals.Minute Intervals.

–– May Return if PostMay Return if Post--Concussive Concussive Symptoms Resolve Symptoms Resolve Within 15 Minutes.Within 15 Minutes.

Grade 2 ConcussionsGrade 2 ConcussionsSymptoms:Symptoms:–– Transient Confusion.Transient Confusion.–– No Loss of No Loss of

Consciousness.Consciousness.–– Mild Headache.Mild Headache.–– Amnesia.Amnesia.–– LightLight--Headed.Headed.–– Unable to Concentrate or Unable to Concentrate or

Focus.Focus.–– Symptoms do Not Symptoms do Not

Resolve in Less Than 15 Resolve in Less Than 15 Minutes.Minutes.

Grade 2 ConcussionsGrade 2 ConcussionsManagement:Management:–– Remove From Remove From

Contest and Disallow Contest and Disallow Return for That Day.Return for That Day.

–– Examine Frequently Examine Frequently for Signs of Intrafor Signs of Intra--Cranial Pathology.Cranial Pathology.

–– Physician Physician Management.Management.

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Grade 3 ConcussionsGrade 3 ConcussionsSymptoms:Symptoms:–– Any Loss of Any Loss of

Consciousness.Consciousness.Brief (Seconds).Brief (Seconds).Prolonged (Minutes).Prolonged (Minutes).

–– Severe Neurological Severe Neurological Symptoms.Symptoms.

–– Beware of Second Beware of Second Impact Syndrome.Impact Syndrome.

Grade 3 ConcussionsGrade 3 ConcussionsManagement:Management:–– Transport to the Transport to the

Nearest Emergency Nearest Emergency by Ambulance if by Ambulance if Unconscious or if Unconscious or if Worrisome Signs are Worrisome Signs are Detected.Detected.

–– Use Backboard and Use Backboard and Send to Emergency Send to Emergency Room.Room.

Head Injury Take Head Injury Take Home InstructionsHome Instructions

Observe for 24Observe for 24--48 48 Hours.Hours.Symptoms to Be Symptoms to Be Observed.Observed.Management:Management:–– Head Injury Take Head Injury Take

Home Instructions.Home Instructions.

Head Injury Take Home Instructions

Head injuries are among the most feared of all sporting injuries. The vast majority of head injuries are minor; however, the potential for serious injury is always present. The following recommendations can help prevent a seemingly minor injury from becoming a life threatening injury. If any of the following symptoms are present 24-48 hours after a head injury, the athlete should be taken immediately to your family physician or to an emergency room:

• Severe headaches (deep throbbing) • Dizziness or loss of coordination • Temporary loss of memory/mental confusion/disorientation • Ringing of the ears (tinnitus) • Blurred or double vision (diplopia) • Unequal pupil size • No pupil reaction to light • Nausea and/or vomiting • Slurred speech • Convulsions or tremors • Excessive sleepiness or grogginess • Clear fluid from the nose and/or ears • Decreased pulse rate • Gradual increase in blood pressure • Numbness or paralysis (partial or complete) • Difficulty being aroused

Management Instructions:

• Check breathing rate, heart rate, skin color and other symptoms every two hours

• Awaken the athlete every two hours to check their condition • Allow the athlete to consume only clear liquids for eight hours • Do not allow the athlete to take any medications in the initial 24 hours

following the injury unless directed by a physician. Certain medications may thin the blood that could increase the severity of the injury. They may also mask the symptoms of a serious head injury

• If there is a question at any time concerning the well-being of the athlete, seek medical attention immediately

Shoulder DislocationsShoulder DislocationsTraumatic Injury.Traumatic Injury.Falling Directly on the Falling Directly on the Shoulder or Shoulder or Outstretched Arm.Outstretched Arm.Obvious Deformity.Obvious Deformity.Do Not Attempt to Do Not Attempt to Reduce.Reduce.Treat as a Medical Treat as a Medical Emergency and Refer to Emergency and Refer to a Physician.a Physician.

Shoulder DislocationsShoulder DislocationsTreatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Rest.Rest.–– Sling for 3 Weeks.Sling for 3 Weeks.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Manual Therapy.Manual Therapy.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– Severe Cases.Severe Cases.–– If Fractures are Present.If Fractures are Present.

Shoulder DislocationsShoulder Dislocations

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Shoulder InstabilityShoulder InstabilityLoosening of the Loosening of the Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Surrounding the Shoulder Surrounding the Shoulder Joint.Joint.Recurrent Subluxation of Recurrent Subluxation of the Humeral Head. the Humeral Head. Athlete will Complain of the Athlete will Complain of the ““Shoulder Coming Out of Shoulder Coming Out of Place.Place.””Can be Traumatic or Can be Traumatic or Overuse Injury.Overuse Injury.

Shoulder InstabilityShoulder InstabilityTreatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.–– Rotator Cuff and Rotator Cuff and

Scapular Stabilizers.Scapular Stabilizers.

Surgical.Surgical.–– When Therapy is Not When Therapy is Not

Successful.Successful.

Shoulder InstabilityShoulder Instability Hand and Wrist InjuriesHand and Wrist InjuriesTypes:Types:–– Sprains.Sprains.–– Fractures.Fractures.–– Dislocations.Dislocations.–– Tendon Injuries.Tendon Injuries.

Hand and Wrist InjuriesHand and Wrist InjuriesMechanism: Mechanism: Contact.Contact.–– Getting Hit Directly on Getting Hit Directly on

the Hand and Wrist.the Hand and Wrist.–– Falling and Landing with Falling and Landing with

the Hand and Wrist in a the Hand and Wrist in a Awkward Position.Awkward Position.

–– Having the Ball Hit the Having the Ball Hit the Hand, Wrist, or Fingers Hand, Wrist, or Fingers in an Awkward Position. in an Awkward Position.

Hand and Wrist InjuriesHand and Wrist InjuriesSigns and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Mild to Sharp Pain.Mild to Sharp Pain.–– Mild to Moderate Mild to Moderate

Swelling.Swelling.–– Discoloration and Discoloration and

Bruising.Bruising.–– Inability to Move the Inability to Move the

Hand, Wrist, and/or Hand, Wrist, and/or Fingers Properly, Fingers Properly, Depending on Severity.Depending on Severity.

–– Point Tender Over the Point Tender Over the Injured Area.Injured Area.

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Hand and Wrist InjuriesHand and Wrist InjuriesTreatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Brace or Cast.Brace or Cast.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– Depending on Severity.Depending on Severity.–– Depending on Bone Depending on Bone

Displacement with Displacement with Fractures.Fractures.

Hand and Wrist InjuriesHand and Wrist Injuries

Knee InjuriesKnee InjuriesLigament Injuries.Ligament Injuries.–– Anterior Cruciate.Anterior Cruciate.–– Posterior Cruciate.Posterior Cruciate.–– Tibial (Medial) Tibial (Medial)

Collateral.Collateral.–– Fibular (Lateral) Fibular (Lateral)

Collateral.Collateral.

Meniscal Injuries.Meniscal Injuries.

Anterior Cruciate LigamentAnterior Cruciate LigamentAnatomy:Anatomy:–– Connection Between Connection Between

Anterior Tibia and Anterior Tibia and Posterior Femur.Posterior Femur.

Function:Function:–– Prevents Rotational Prevents Rotational

Movements About the Movements About the Knee.Knee.

–– Prevents Anterior Prevents Anterior Translation of the Tibia Translation of the Tibia on the Femur.on the Femur.

Anterior Cruciate Anterior Cruciate Ligament InjuryLigament Injury

Mechanism: Mechanism: Contact.Contact.–– Getting Hit in the Back Getting Hit in the Back

of the Knee While on of the Knee While on Full Body Weight.Full Body Weight.

NonNon--Contact.Contact.–– More Common.More Common.–– Usually Caused by a Usually Caused by a

Deceleration, Jump Stop, Deceleration, Jump Stop, or Pivoting Motion.or Pivoting Motion.


Signs and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– ““PopPop”” or or ““SnapSnap””..–– Immediate Swelling and Immediate Swelling and

Pain.Pain.–– Unable to Continue Unable to Continue

Participation.Participation.–– Requires Evaluation by a Requires Evaluation by a

Physician.Physician.–– Possible Surgery.Possible Surgery.–– Treatment.Treatment.

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Clinical Evaluation.Clinical Evaluation.–– Manual Muscle Manual Muscle

Testing.Testing.–– Range of Motion Range of Motion

Testing.Testing.–– Special Tests.Special Tests.–– Functional Testing.Functional Testing.


MRI Evaluation.MRI Evaluation.

ACL Injuries in FemalesACL Injuries in FemalesIncidence:Incidence:–– Rate of Rate of

NonNon--Contact ACL Contact ACL Injuries in Injuries in Females Athletes Females Athletes is 2 to 1 Compared is 2 to 1 Compared to Male Athletes.to Male Athletes.

ACL Injuries in FemalesACL Injuries in FemalesPrevention:Prevention:Intrinsic Factors:Intrinsic Factors:–– Alignment.Alignment.

Increased QIncreased Q--Angle.Angle.–– Joint Laxity.Joint Laxity.–– Hormonal Effects.Hormonal Effects.

Extrinsic Factors:Extrinsic Factors:–– Muscle Strength.Muscle Strength.

Strengthen Hamstrings.Strengthen Hamstrings.–– Conditioning.Conditioning.–– Technique.Technique.


Treatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– ACL Reconstruction.ACL Reconstruction.


PostPost--Surgical Surgical Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.–– Strengthen Knee Strengthen Knee

Stabilizing Muscles.Stabilizing Muscles.–– Correct Muscular Correct Muscular

Imbalances.Imbalances.–– Functional Activity.Functional Activity.

Bracing.Bracing.Return to Activity.Return to Activity.–– 44--6 Months Post6 Months Post--Surgery.Surgery.

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Posterior Cruciate LigamentPosterior Cruciate LigamentAnatomy:Anatomy:–– Connection Between Connection Between

Posterior Tibia and Posterior Tibia and Anterior Femur.Anterior Femur.

Function:Function:–– Prevents Rotational Prevents Rotational

Movement About the Movement About the Knee.Knee.

–– Prevents Posterior Prevents Posterior Translation of the Tibia Translation of the Tibia on the Femur.on the Femur.

Posterior Cruciate Posterior Cruciate Ligament InjuryLigament Injury

Also Known as the Also Known as the ““Dashboard InjuryDashboard Injury””..Mechanism: Mechanism: –– Contact Injury.Contact Injury.–– Getting Hit on the Getting Hit on the

Anterior Tibia, Usually Anterior Tibia, Usually with the Knee Bent.with the Knee Bent.

–– Falling Directly on the Falling Directly on the Knee with the Knee Knee with the Knee Bent.Bent.


Signs and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Pain at the Time of Pain at the Time of

Impact.Impact.–– Over Time, Develop Over Time, Develop

Pain in the Calf Region.Pain in the Calf Region.–– Minor Swelling. Minor Swelling. –– Instability in the Knee.Instability in the Knee.–– Unable to Continue Unable to Continue

Participation.Participation.–– Requires Evaluation by a Requires Evaluation by a

Physician.Physician.–– Possible Surgery.Possible Surgery.–– Treatment.Treatment.






MRI Evaluation.MRI Evaluation.


Treatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– More Common.More Common.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Manual Therapy.Manual Therapy.–– Brace.Brace.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– Not Very Common.Not Very Common.–– PCL Reconstruction.PCL Reconstruction.

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Medial Collateral LigamentMedial Collateral LigamentAnatomy:Anatomy:–– Made Up of 2 Bands.Made Up of 2 Bands.–– Deep Band Deep Band –– Connected Connected

to the Medial Meniscus.to the Medial Meniscus.–– Superficial Band.Superficial Band.

Function:Function:–– Prevents Medial Prevents Medial

Translation of the Knee.Translation of the Knee.–– Prevents the Medial Prevents the Medial

(Inner) Aspect of the (Inner) Aspect of the Knee Joint from Knee Joint from Widening from Stress.Widening from Stress.

Medial Collateral Medial Collateral Ligament InjuryLigament Injury

Mechanism: Mechanism: –– Contact Injury.Contact Injury.–– Getting Hit on the Getting Hit on the

Lateral (Outside) Aspect Lateral (Outside) Aspect of the Knee With the of the Knee With the Knee Slightly Bent.Knee Slightly Bent.

–– Deep Band is More Deep Band is More Prone to Injury First, Prone to Injury First, Which May Lead to Which May Lead to Medial Meniscal Medial Meniscal Damage Also.Damage Also.


Classification:Classification:–– Grade I Sprain.Grade I Sprain.–– Grade II Sprain.Grade II Sprain.–– Grade III Sprain.Grade III Sprain.


Grade I Sprain:Grade I Sprain:–– Stretching of the Stretching of the

Ligament Fibers with Less Ligament Fibers with Less Than 10% Being Torn.Than 10% Being Torn.

–– Mild Tenderness on the Mild Tenderness on the Inside of the Knee Over Inside of the Knee Over the Ligament. the Ligament.

–– Usually No Swelling. Usually No Swelling. –– When the Knee is Bent to When the Knee is Bent to

30 Degrees and Force is 30 Degrees and Force is Applied to the Outside of Applied to the Outside of the Knee, Pain is Felt But the Knee, Pain is Felt But There is No Joint Laxity. There is No Joint Laxity.


Grade II Sprain:Grade II Sprain:–– Greater Than 10% of the Greater Than 10% of the

Ligament Fibers are Ligament Fibers are Torn.Torn.

–– Significant Tenderness Significant Tenderness on the Inside of the Knee on the Inside of the Knee on the Medial Ligament. on the Medial Ligament.

–– Some Swelling Seen Some Swelling Seen Over the Ligament. Over the Ligament.

–– When the Knee is When the Knee is Stressed as for Grade 1 Stressed as for Grade 1 Symptoms, There is Pain Symptoms, There is Pain and Moderate Laxity in and Moderate Laxity in the Joint, Although the Joint, Although There is a Definite End There is a Definite End Point. Point.


Grade III Sprain:Grade III Sprain:–– This is a Complete Tear This is a Complete Tear

of the Ligament. of the Ligament. –– Pain can Vary and is Pain can Vary and is

Sometimes Not as Bad Sometimes Not as Bad as That of a Grade 2 as That of a Grade 2 Sprain. Sprain.

–– When Stressing the Knee When Stressing the Knee There is Significant Joint There is Significant Joint Laxity. Laxity.

–– The Athlete May The Athlete May Complain of Having a Complain of Having a Very Wobbly or Very Wobbly or Unstable Knee. Unstable Knee.

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Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation.Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation.


Treatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Manual Therapy.Manual Therapy.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Brace.Brace.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– Very Rare.Very Rare.–– Only for Severe Only for Severe

Instability.Instability.


Return to Activity:Return to Activity:–– Grade I: 1 Grade I: 1 -- 2 Weeks.2 Weeks.–– Grade II: 2 Grade II: 2 -- 4 Weeks.4 Weeks.–– Grade III: 4 Grade III: 4 -- 6 Weeks.6 Weeks.

Lateral Collateral LigamentLateral Collateral LigamentAnatomy:Anatomy:–– Connection Between the Connection Between the

Femur and the Head of Femur and the Head of the Fibula.the Fibula.

–– Not Connected to the Not Connected to the Meniscus.Meniscus.

Function:Function:–– Prevents Lateral Prevents Lateral

Translation of the Knee.Translation of the Knee.–– Prevents the Lateral Prevents the Lateral

(Outer) Aspect of the (Outer) Aspect of the Knee Joint from Opening Knee Joint from Opening or Gapping.or Gapping.

Lateral Collateral Lateral Collateral Ligament InjuryLigament Injury

Mechanism: Mechanism: –– Contact Injury.Contact Injury.–– Not Nearly as Common Not Nearly as Common

as MCL Injury.as MCL Injury.–– Direct Impact to the Direct Impact to the

Inner Surface of the Inner Surface of the Knee Joint.Knee Joint.

–– Due to the Nature of the Due to the Nature of the Injury, ACL and PCL Injury, ACL and PCL Ligaments May Also Ligaments May Also Become Damaged.Become Damaged.

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Classification:Classification:–– Grade I Sprain.Grade I Sprain.–– Grade II Sprain.Grade II Sprain.–– Grade III Sprain.Grade III Sprain.


Grade I Sprain:Grade I Sprain:–– Stretching of the Stretching of the

Ligament Fibers with Less Ligament Fibers with Less Than 10% Being Torn.Than 10% Being Torn.

–– Mild Tenderness on the Mild Tenderness on the Outside of the Knee Over Outside of the Knee Over the Ligament. the Ligament.

–– Usually No Swelling. Usually No Swelling. –– When the Knee is Bent to When the Knee is Bent to

30 Degrees and Force is 30 Degrees and Force is Applied to the Inside of Applied to the Inside of the Knee, Pain is Felt But the Knee, Pain is Felt But There is No Joint Laxity. There is No Joint Laxity.


Grade II Sprain:Grade II Sprain:–– Greater Than 10% of the Greater Than 10% of the

Muscle Fibers are Torn.Muscle Fibers are Torn.–– Significant Tenderness Significant Tenderness

on the Outside of the on the Outside of the Knee on the Lateral Knee on the Lateral Ligament. Ligament.

–– Some Swelling Seen Some Swelling Seen Over the Ligament. Over the Ligament.

–– When the Knee is When the Knee is Stressed, There is Pain Stressed, There is Pain and Moderate Laxity in and Moderate Laxity in the Joint, Although the Joint, Although There is a Definite End There is a Definite End Point. Point.


Grade III Sprain:Grade III Sprain:–– This is a Complete Tear This is a Complete Tear

of the Ligament. of the Ligament. –– Pain can Vary and is Pain can Vary and is

Sometimes Not as Bad Sometimes Not as Bad as That of a Grade 2 as That of a Grade 2 Sprain. Sprain.

–– When Stressing the Knee When Stressing the Knee There is Significant Joint There is Significant Joint Laxity. Laxity.

–– The Athlete May The Athlete May Complain of Having a Complain of Having a Very Wobbly or Very Wobbly or Unstable Knee. Unstable Knee.






With Severe With Severe Damage, an MRI Damage, an MRI Evaluation May be Evaluation May be Necessary.Necessary.–– In Picture, Full Tear In Picture, Full Tear

of ACL, PCL, and of ACL, PCL, and Lateral Collateral Lateral Collateral Ligament.Ligament.

–– Medial Collateral Medial Collateral Ligament Intact.Ligament Intact.

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Treatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Manual Therapy.Manual Therapy.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Brace.Brace.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– With Grade III Sprains.With Grade III Sprains.–– If ACL and/or PCL are If ACL and/or PCL are

Damaged as Well.Damaged as Well.

Medial and Lateral MenisciMedial and Lateral MenisciAnatomy:Anatomy:–– Small Small ““CC”” Shaped Piece Shaped Piece

of Cartilage Between the of Cartilage Between the Femur and Tibia.Femur and Tibia.

–– One on the Medial One on the Medial Aspect and One on the Aspect and One on the Lateral Aspect of the Lateral Aspect of the Knee.Knee.

Function:Function:–– Primarily Acts as a Primarily Acts as a

Cushion Between the Cushion Between the Two Bones.Two Bones.

Medial and Lateral Medial and Lateral Meniscal InjuriesMeniscal Injuries

Mechanism:Mechanism:–– Pieces of Cartilage Tear Pieces of Cartilage Tear

and are Injured Usually and are Injured Usually if an Athlete Quickly if an Athlete Quickly Twists and Rotates the Twists and Rotates the Upper Leg While the Upper Leg While the Foot is Firmly Planted.Foot is Firmly Planted.

–– Gradual Degeneration.Gradual Degeneration.


Classification:Classification:Radial Tear.Radial Tear.–– Inside and Lateral Tear.Inside and Lateral Tear.

Flap Tear.Flap Tear.–– Piece of the Torn Piece of the Torn

Cartilage Flips Upward.Cartilage Flips Upward.Peripheral Tear.Peripheral Tear.–– Around the Outer Edge.Around the Outer Edge.

Longitudinal Tear.Longitudinal Tear.–– Middle and Longitudinal Middle and Longitudinal

Tear.Tear.


Signs and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Usually an Audible Usually an Audible

““PopPop”” or or ““SnapSnap””..–– Mild to Severe Pain Mild to Severe Pain

Depending on the Extent Depending on the Extent of the Tear.of the Tear.

–– Swelling is Common, Swelling is Common, But May Also Develop But May Also Develop After Several Hours.After Several Hours.

–– Knee May Lock or Feel Knee May Lock or Feel Weak.Weak.

–– Unable to Continue Unable to Continue Participation.Participation.

–– Requires Evaluation by a Requires Evaluation by a Physician.Physician.





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Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation to See Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation to See the Extent of the Tear.the Extent of the Tear.


Treatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– For Very Minor Tears For Very Minor Tears

with Little to No with Little to No Symptoms Present.Symptoms Present.

–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Manual Therapy.Manual Therapy.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Brace.Brace.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.


Surgical.Surgical.Partial Meniscectomy.Partial Meniscectomy.–– Much More Common.Much More Common.

Repaired with Sutures.Repaired with Sutures.–– Occur Less Than 10% of Occur Less Than 10% of

the Time.the Time.

Ankle and Foot InjuriesAnkle and Foot InjuriesTypes:Types:–– Sprains.Sprains.–– Fractures.Fractures.

Ankle SprainsAnkle SprainsMost Common is an Most Common is an Inversion or Inward Inversion or Inward Stress.Stress.Least Common is an Least Common is an Eversion or Outward Eversion or Outward Stress.Stress.Can be Traumatic or a Can be Traumatic or a Chronic, Reoccurring Chronic, Reoccurring Injury.Injury.

Ankle SprainsAnkle SprainsSigns and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Mild Aching to Sudden Mild Aching to Sudden

Pain.Pain.–– Swelling.Swelling.–– Discoloration.Discoloration.–– Inability to Move the Inability to Move the

Ankle Properly.Ankle Properly.–– Pain in the Ankle Even Pain in the Ankle Even

When You are Not When You are Not Putting Weight on It.Putting Weight on It.

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Ankle SprainsAnkle SprainsTreatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Rest.Rest.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Manual Therapy.Manual Therapy.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– In Recurrent Situations.In Recurrent Situations.

Ankle SprainsAnkle Sprains

Ankle and Foot FracturesAnkle and Foot FracturesMechanism: Mechanism: Contact.Contact.–– Getting Stepped on the Getting Stepped on the

Ankle or Foot.Ankle or Foot.–– Jumping or Landing Jumping or Landing

Improperly.Improperly.–– Sudden Twisting, Sudden Twisting,

Pivoting, or a Jump Stop Pivoting, or a Jump Stop Where the Ankle Gives Where the Ankle Gives Out. Out.

Ankle and Foot FracturesAnkle and Foot FracturesSigns and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Mild to Sharp Pain.Mild to Sharp Pain.–– Mild to Moderate Mild to Moderate

Swelling.Swelling.–– Discoloration and Discoloration and

Bruising.Bruising.–– Inability to Move the Inability to Move the

Ankle, Foot, and/or Toes Ankle, Foot, and/or Toes Properly, Depending on Properly, Depending on Severity.Severity.

–– Point Tender Over the Point Tender Over the Injured Area.Injured Area.

Ankle and Foot FracturesAnkle and Foot FracturesTreatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical.Surgical.–– Brace or Cast.Brace or Cast.–– 44--6 Weeks of 6 Weeks of

Immobilization.Immobilization.–– Control Inflammation.Control Inflammation.–– Modalities.Modalities.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Surgical.Surgical.–– Depending on Severity.Depending on Severity.–– Depending on Bone Depending on Bone

Displacement with Displacement with Fractures.Fractures.

Ankle and Foot FracturesAnkle and Foot Fractures

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When to Seek Medical Attention When to Seek Medical Attention for a Traumatic Injuryfor a Traumatic Injury

Swelling About a Swelling About a Joint.Joint.Inability to Move a Inability to Move a Joint.Joint.Decreased Joint Decreased Joint Motion.Motion.

ACL

When to Seek Medical Attention When to Seek Medical Attention for a Traumatic Injuryfor a Traumatic Injury

Obvious Deformity.Obvious Deformity.Inability to Walk or Inability to Walk or Bear Weight on a Bear Weight on a Joint.Joint.

Treatment of Traumatic InjuriesTreatment of Traumatic InjuriesTreat the Treat the Inflammatory Inflammatory Process:Process:–– Rest.Rest.–– Ice.Ice.–– Compression.Compression.–– Elevation.Elevation.

Seek Medical Help if Seek Medical Help if Necessary.Necessary.

Return to Play Following a Return to Play Following a Traumatic InjuryTraumatic Injury

Pain Free.Pain Free.Normal Range of Normal Range of Motion.Motion.Normal Strength.Normal Strength.Able to Run.Able to Run.Able to Jump and Pivot.Able to Jump and Pivot.Able to Perform Sport Able to Perform Sport Specific Activities.Specific Activities.

Characteristics of Characteristics of Overuse InjuriesOveruse Injuries

Gradual Insidious Gradual Insidious Onset.Onset.No History of Trauma.No History of Trauma.Typically No Indication Typically No Indication of a Major of a Major Inflammatory Process.Inflammatory Process.Usually the Result of Usually the Result of Repetitive Activity.Repetitive Activity.

Causes of Overuse Causes of Overuse Injuries in BasketballInjuries in Basketball

Strength Imbalances.Strength Imbalances.–– Strength Deficits.Strength Deficits.

Flexibility Deficits.Flexibility Deficits.Training Errors.Training Errors.Inherent Risk of Inherent Risk of Sport.Sport.Biomechanical Biomechanical Considerations.Considerations.

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Progression of Progression of Overuse SymptomsOveruse Symptoms

Pain After Sporting Activities.Pain After Sporting Activities.Pain with Sporting Activities but Pain with Sporting Activities but with Nowith NoDecrease in Performance.Decrease in Performance.Pain During Sporting Activities Pain During Sporting Activities withwithDecreased Performance.Decreased Performance.Unable to Perform Sporting Activities.Unable to Perform Sporting Activities.Pain During Everyday Activities.Pain During Everyday Activities.

Common Overuse InjuriesCommon Overuse InjuriesPatellar Tendinitis Patellar Tendinitis ((““JumperJumper’’s Knees Knee””).).Shin Splints.Shin Splints.Stress Fractures.Stress Fractures.Achilles Tendinitis.Achilles Tendinitis.Plantar Fasciitis.Plantar Fasciitis.

Patellar TendinitisPatellar TendinitisInflammation and Irritation Inflammation and Irritation of the Patellar Tendon.of the Patellar Tendon.Overuse Injury that is Overuse Injury that is Usually Caused by Sports Usually Caused by Sports that Involve Jumping that Involve Jumping Activities and Changing Activities and Changing Directions.Directions.With Repeated Strain, With Repeated Strain, MicroMicro--Tears and Collagen Tears and Collagen Degeneration Occur in the Degeneration Occur in the Tendon.Tendon.

Patellar TendinitisPatellar TendinitisClassification:Classification:Grade I.Grade I.–– Pain Only After Training.Pain Only After Training.

Grade II.Grade II.–– Pain Before and After Pain Before and After

Training, But Eases Up Once Training, But Eases Up Once WarmedWarmed--Up.Up.

Grade III.Grade III.–– Pain During Training Which Pain During Training Which

Limits Performance.Limits Performance.Grade IV.Grade IV.–– Pain During Everyday Pain During Everyday

Activities.Activities.

Patellar TendinitisPatellar TendinitisSigns and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Pain Directly Over the Pain Directly Over the

Tendon.Tendon.–– Point Tender Over the Point Tender Over the

Tendon.Tendon.–– Pain with Activities, Pain with Activities,

Especially with Jumping Especially with Jumping and Kneeling.and Kneeling.

–– Less Common, Swelling Less Common, Swelling Around the Tendon.Around the Tendon.

Patellar TendinitisPatellar TendinitisTreatment:Treatment:–– Rest.Rest.–– AntiAnti--Inflammatory Inflammatory

Medication.Medication.–– Stretching.Stretching.–– Cross Friction Cross Friction

Massage.Massage.–– Ice Treatments.Ice Treatments.–– ChoCho--Pat Straps and Pat Straps and

Brace.Brace.

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Shin SplintsShin SplintsAlso Known as Medial Also Known as Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome.Tibial Stress Syndrome.Overused and Damaged Overused and Damaged Extensor Muscle or Tendon.Extensor Muscle or Tendon.Inflammation of the Tibial Inflammation of the Tibial Periosteum Sheath.Periosteum Sheath.Stress Fracture of the Tibia.Stress Fracture of the Tibia.Chronic Compartment Chronic Compartment Syndrome.Syndrome.

Shin SplintsShin SplintsSymptoms:Symptoms:–– Pain Over the Inside Distal Pain Over the Inside Distal

Tibia.Tibia.–– Pain at the Start of Pain at the Start of

Exercise, Which Often Exercise, Which Often Eases as the Session Eases as the Session Continues.Continues.

–– Pain Returns After Activity Pain Returns After Activity and May be Worse the and May be Worse the Next Morning.Next Morning.

–– Minor Swelling.Minor Swelling.–– Lumps and Bumps.Lumps and Bumps.–– Pain with Stretching the Pain with Stretching the

Extensor Muscles.Extensor Muscles.

Shin SplintsShin SplintsTreatment:Treatment:–– Rest.Rest.–– Ice and Cold Therapy.Ice and Cold Therapy.–– Stretch the Muscles of Stretch the Muscles of

the Lower Leg.the Lower Leg.–– Correct Muscular Correct Muscular

Imbalance.Imbalance.–– Wear Shock Absorbing Wear Shock Absorbing

Insoles.Insoles.–– Heat After Acute Stage.Heat After Acute Stage.–– See a Physician.See a Physician.

Stress FracturesStress FracturesOne of the Most Common One of the Most Common Injuries in Sports.Injuries in Sports.Overuse Injury.Overuse Injury.Occurs When Muscles Occurs When Muscles Become Fatigued and are Become Fatigued and are Unable to Absorb Shock. Unable to Absorb Shock. Eventually, the Fatigued Eventually, the Fatigued Muscle Transfers the Muscle Transfers the Overload of Stress to the Overload of Stress to the Bone Causing a Tiny Crack Bone Causing a Tiny Crack Called a Stress Fracture.Called a Stress Fracture.Diagnosed with XDiagnosed with X--Ray or Ray or Bone Scan.Bone Scan.

Stress FracturesStress FracturesSigns and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:–– Pain with Activity and Pain with Activity and

When Putting Direct When Putting Direct Pressure Over the Pressure Over the Fracture Site.Fracture Site.

–– Pain Subsides with Rest.Pain Subsides with Rest.–– Swelling, Bruising, and Swelling, Bruising, and

Discoloration May Also Discoloration May Also Occur.Occur.

Stress FracturesStress FracturesTreatment:Treatment:NonNon--Surgical:Surgical:–– Rest Rest –– 6 to 8 Weeks.6 to 8 Weeks.–– Cast, Brace, or Shoe Cast, Brace, or Shoe

Inserts if Necessary.Inserts if Necessary.–– Pain Medication.Pain Medication.–– Avoiding Activities that Avoiding Activities that

Cause Pain or Discomfort.Cause Pain or Discomfort.Surgical:Surgical:–– If Fracture Does Not Heal If Fracture Does Not Heal

Properly.Properly.

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Stress FracturesStress FracturesPrevention:Prevention:–– Set Incremental Goals.Set Incremental Goals.

Increase Gradually.Increase Gradually.–– Cross Training.Cross Training.–– Maintain a Healthy Diet.Maintain a Healthy Diet.–– Use Proper Equipment.Use Proper Equipment.

Proper Shoes.Proper Shoes.–– If Pain or Swelling Occurs, Discontinue Activity.If Pain or Swelling Occurs, Discontinue Activity.–– Recognize Symptoms Early, and Treat Appropriately.Recognize Symptoms Early, and Treat Appropriately.

Achilles TendinitisAchilles TendinitisInflammation, Irritation, Inflammation, Irritation, and Swelling of the and Swelling of the Achilles Tendon.Achilles Tendon.Symptoms:Symptoms:–– Pain in the Heel When Pain in the Heel When

Walking or Running.Walking or Running.–– Achilles Tendon is Point Achilles Tendon is Point

Tender.Tender.–– Tendon May be Swollen Tendon May be Swollen

and Warm.and Warm.

Achilles TendinitisAchilles TendinitisTreatment:Treatment:–– Rest.Rest.–– AntiAnti--Inflammatory Inflammatory

Medication.Medication.–– Ice.Ice.–– Cross Friction Cross Friction

Massage.Massage.–– Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.

Plantar FasciitisPlantar FasciitisIrritation and Swelling Irritation and Swelling of the Thick Tissue on of the Thick Tissue on the Bottom of the Foot.the Bottom of the Foot.Most Common Among Most Common Among Runners and People Runners and People Who Wear Shoes with Who Wear Shoes with Inadequate Shock Inadequate Shock Absorption.Absorption.

Plantar FasciitisPlantar FasciitisSymptoms:Symptoms:–– Develops Gradually.Develops Gradually.–– Sharp Pain in the Heel.Sharp Pain in the Heel.–– Affects Just One Foot, Affects Just One Foot,

However it can Also However it can Also Occur Bilaterally.Occur Bilaterally.

–– Worst with the First Few Worst with the First Few Steps After Awakening.Steps After Awakening.

–– Can Also be Triggered Can Also be Triggered by Long Periods of by Long Periods of Standing or Getting Up Standing or Getting Up from a Seated Position.from a Seated Position.

Plantar FasciitisPlantar FasciitisTreatment:Treatment:–– AntiAnti--Inflammatory Inflammatory

Medication.Medication.–– Physical Therapy.Physical Therapy.

Stretches for the Calf Stretches for the Calf Muscles and Achilles Muscles and Achilles Tendon.Tendon.Strengthening the Strengthening the Lower Leg Muscles.Lower Leg Muscles.Massage.Massage.

–– Night Splints.Night Splints.–– Orthotics.Orthotics.

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Plantar FasciitisPlantar FasciitisGrowth Injuries Growth Injuries

in Young Athletesin Young AthletesGrowth Plate Growth Plate Considerations.Considerations.Injuries:Injuries:–– ““OsgoodOsgood--SchlatterSchlatter’’s s

Disease.Disease.””–– ““SeverSever’’s Disease.s Disease.””

Calcaneal Calcaneal Apophysitis.Apophysitis.

Growth Injuries Growth Injuries in Young Athletesin Young Athletes

OsgoodOsgood--SchlatterSchlatter’’s s Disease.Disease.

SeverSever’’s Disease s Disease Calcaneal Calcaneal Apophysitis.Apophysitis.

OsgoodOsgood--SchlatterSchlatter’’s Diseases DiseaseOccurs Due to a Period of Occurs Due to a Period of Rapid Growth, Combined Rapid Growth, Combined with High Levels of with High Levels of Sporting Activity.Sporting Activity.Results in the Patellar Results in the Patellar Tendon Pulling on the Tendon Pulling on the Tibial Tuberosity Causing Tibial Tuberosity Causing Inflammation of the Bone.Inflammation of the Bone.Calcium Forms on the Calcium Forms on the Tibial Tuberosity Causing a Tibial Tuberosity Causing a Bony Growth.Bony Growth.

OsgoodOsgood--SchlatterSchlatter’’s Diseases DiseaseSymptoms:Symptoms:–– Pain at the Tibial Pain at the Tibial

Tuberosity.Tuberosity.–– Swollen or Inflamed Swollen or Inflamed

Bump on the Tibial Bump on the Tibial Tuberosity.Tuberosity.

–– Tenderness and Pain are Tenderness and Pain are Worse During and After Worse During and After Activity.Activity.

–– Pain When Contracting Pain When Contracting the Quadriceps.the Quadriceps.

OsgoodOsgood--SchlatterSchlatter’’s Diseases DiseaseTreatment:Treatment:–– Rest.Rest.–– Ice.Ice.–– Stretching.Stretching.–– Knee Brace.Knee Brace.

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SeverSever’’s Diseases DiseaseCalcaneal ApophysitisCalcaneal Apophysitis

Most Common Cause of Most Common Cause of Heel Pain in Growing Heel Pain in Growing Athletes.Athletes.Due to Overuse and Due to Overuse and Repetitive Microtrauma Repetitive Microtrauma of Growth Plates of the of Growth Plates of the Calcaneus in the Heel. Calcaneus in the Heel. Most Common in Most Common in Children 9 Children 9 –– 15 Years 15 Years Old.Old.


Symptoms:Symptoms:–– Pain or Tenderness in the Pain or Tenderness in the

Heel.Heel.–– Discomfort Upon Discomfort Upon

Awakening, or When Awakening, or When Squeezing the Heel.Squeezing the Heel.

–– Limping.Limping.–– More Severe Pain After More Severe Pain After

Walking or Exercise, and Walking or Exercise, and Difficulty Walking.Difficulty Walking.

–– Pain During Running Pain During Running and Sporting Activities.and Sporting Activities.


Treatment:Treatment:–– Rest.Rest.–– Ice.Ice.–– Compression.Compression.–– Elevation.Elevation.–– Elevate the Heel.Elevate the Heel.–– Stretch the Hamstring Stretch the Hamstring

and Calf Muscles 2 and Calf Muscles 2 –– 3 3 Times a Day.Times a Day.

–– Foot Orthotics.Foot Orthotics.–– Medication.Medication.

When to Seek Medical Attention When to Seek Medical Attention for an Overuse Injuryfor an Overuse Injury

If Symptoms are Present If Symptoms are Present with Everyday Activities.with Everyday Activities.If Symptoms are Severe If Symptoms are Severe Enough to Cause an Altered Enough to Cause an Altered Gait.Gait.If the Symptoms Diminish If the Symptoms Diminish After a Week of Activity After a Week of Activity Modification but Return Modification but Return Soon After the Athlete Soon After the Athlete Resumes His or Her Sport.Resumes His or Her Sport.

Treatment of Overuse InjuriesTreatment of Overuse InjuriesRelative Rest.Relative Rest.Treat the Inflammatory Treat the Inflammatory Process.Process.–– Rest.Rest.–– Ice.Ice.–– Compression.Compression.–– Elevation.Elevation.

Correct the Underlying Correct the Underlying Cause of the Injury!Cause of the Injury!

Preventing Overuse Preventing Overuse Injuries in BasketballInjuries in Basketball

Improve Strength.Improve Strength.–– Correct Muscular Correct Muscular

Imbalances.Imbalances.

Improve Flexibility.Improve Flexibility.Utilize Proper Utilize Proper Training Techniques.Training Techniques.Biomechanical Biomechanical Considerations.Considerations.

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Rules of StrengtheningRules of StrengtheningLight Resistance.Light Resistance.High Repetition.High Repetition.Emphasis on Endurance and Balance.Emphasis on Endurance and Balance.

* Refer to Strengthening Exercise Hand Outs.* Refer to Strengthening Exercise Hand Outs.

Strengthening ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesWeight Training Should Not Weight Training Should Not be Performed Until the be Performed Until the Athlete is 14 or Older.Athlete is 14 or Older.Emphasis in Basketball Emphasis in Basketball Should be on the Shoulder Should be on the Shoulder Girdle, Trunk, Core, and the Girdle, Trunk, Core, and the Stabilizers of the Knee and Stabilizers of the Knee and Ankle.Ankle.See Basketball See Basketball Strengthening Hand Outs.Strengthening Hand Outs.

Strengthening ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesWhen is it Safe for Kids When is it Safe for Kids

to Perform Strengthening?to Perform Strengthening?Free Weights and Free Weights and Machines Machines –– Not Until Not Until 14 or Older.14 or Older.Strength Training Using Strength Training Using Own Body Weight or Own Body Weight or Resistance Tubing.Resistance Tubing.Emphasize Proper Emphasize Proper Technique and Safety.Technique and Safety.Make Exercises Sport Make Exercises Sport Specific.Specific.

Benefits of Strength Benefits of Strength Training For KidsTraining For Kids

Increase Your Child's Muscle Strength and Endurance. Increase Your Child's Muscle Strength and Endurance. Help Protect Your Child's Muscles and Joints From Injury. Help Protect Your Child's Muscles and Joints From Injury. Improve Your Child's Performance in Nearly Any Sport. Improve Your Child's Performance in Nearly Any Sport. Strengthen Your ChildStrengthen Your Child’’s Bones.s Bones.Help Promote Healthy Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels. Help Promote Healthy Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels. Boost Your Child's Metabolism. Boost Your Child's Metabolism. Help Your Child Maintain a Healthy Weight. Help Your Child Maintain a Healthy Weight. Improve Your Child's SelfImprove Your Child's Self--Esteem. Esteem.

FlexibilityFlexibilityAbility to Move a Body Part Through Ability to Move a Body Part Through Normal Motion Against Minimal Normal Motion Against Minimal Resistance.Resistance.A Stretching Program is Important in A Stretching Program is Important in Injury Prevention.Injury Prevention.

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Stretching GuidelinesStretching GuidelinesPrecede Stretching Program Precede Stretching Program with a General Warmwith a General Warm--Up.Up.Perform Static Stretching Perform Static Stretching Holding Each Stretch for Holding Each Stretch for 1515--20 Seconds.20 Seconds.Perform Each Stretch 3Perform Each Stretch 3--5 5 Times.Times.Do Not Bounce.Do Not Bounce.See Basketball Stretching See Basketball Stretching Hand Out.Hand Out.

Basketball WarmBasketball Warm--UpUpThe Purpose of a Proper WarmThe Purpose of a Proper Warm--Up is to Prepare for Up is to Prepare for the Sport by Raising the Body Temperature, the Sport by Raising the Body Temperature, Optimizing Performance, and Preventing Injury. Optimizing Performance, and Preventing Injury. WarmWarm--up Activities Consist of General Running up Activities Consist of General Running Activities and Stretching Exercises. Activities and Stretching Exercises. As the ParticipantAs the Participant’’s Skill Requirements Increase, the s Skill Requirements Increase, the Time Allotted for WarmTime Allotted for Warm--Up Activities Increases and Up Activities Increases and the Exercises are More Specific. the Exercises are More Specific. See Basketball WarmSee Basketball Warm--Up Hand Out.Up Hand Out.

Stretching ExercisesStretching Exercises Stretching ExercisesStretching Exercises

Proper Training TechniquesProper Training TechniquesBegin Slowly.Begin Slowly.Progress Gradually.Progress Gradually.The #1 Cause of Injury The #1 Cause of Injury is Doing Too Much, is Doing Too Much, Too Soon.Too Soon.The Tissues of the Body The Tissues of the Body can Adapt if Change is can Adapt if Change is Gradual.Gradual.

Biomechanical ConsiderationsBiomechanical Considerations

Pronated Foot Supinated FootPronated Foot Supinated Foot““Flat FeetFlat Feet”” ““High ArchHigh Arch””

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Foot Biomechanics Foot Biomechanics RecommendationsRecommendations

Flat Feet: High Arch:Flat Feet: High Arch:Need Support. Need Shock Need Support. Need Shock

Absorption.Absorption.

Return to Play Following Return to Play Following an Overuse Injuryan Overuse Injury

Pain Free.Pain Free.Normal Range of Normal Range of Motion.Motion.Normal Strength.Normal Strength.Able to Run.Able to Run.Able to Jump and Pivot.Able to Jump and Pivot.Able to Perform Sport Able to Perform Sport Specific Activities.Specific Activities.

DehydrationDehydrationAffects Performance in Less Than 1 Hour of Affects Performance in Less Than 1 Hour of Exercise.Exercise.Dehydration of Just 1Dehydration of Just 1--2% of the Athlete2% of the Athlete’’s s Body Weight can Negatively Influence Body Weight can Negatively Influence Performance.Performance.Dehydration of More Than 3% of the AthleteDehydration of More Than 3% of the Athlete’’s s Body Weight Increases an AthleteBody Weight Increases an Athlete’’s Risk of s Risk of Heat Illness.Heat Illness.

DehydrationDehydrationWarning Signs:Warning Signs:–– Thirst.Thirst.–– Irritability.Irritability.–– Headache.Headache.–– Weakness.Weakness.–– Dizziness.Dizziness.–– Cramps.Cramps.–– Nausea.Nausea.–– Decreased Performance.Decreased Performance.

What to Drink During ExerciseWhat to Drink During ExerciseWater is the Best Replacement in Most Cases.Water is the Best Replacement in Most Cases.If Exercise Lasts More Than 45 Minutes or is Intense, If Exercise Lasts More Than 45 Minutes or is Intense, a Sports Drink Should be Provided During the a Sports Drink Should be Provided During the Session.Session.Use Sports Drinks Containing Carbohydrates.Use Sports Drinks Containing Carbohydrates.The Carbohydrate Concentration in the Ideal Fluid The Carbohydrate Concentration in the Ideal Fluid Replacement Solution Should be 6Replacement Solution Should be 6--8% (g/100ml).8% (g/100ml).Fluids Containing Low Sodium are Beneficial to Fluids Containing Low Sodium are Beneficial to Increasing Thirst as Well as Offsetting the Amount Increasing Thirst as Well as Offsetting the Amount Lost in Sweat.Lost in Sweat.Cool Beverages at Temperatures of 50Cool Beverages at Temperatures of 50--59 Degrees 59 Degrees Fahrenheit are Recommended.Fahrenheit are Recommended.

What NOT to Drink What NOT to Drink During ExerciseDuring Exercise

Fruit Juices, Carbohydrate Gels, Sodas, and Fruit Juices, Carbohydrate Gels, Sodas, and Sports Drinks That Have Carbohydrate Levels Sports Drinks That Have Carbohydrate Levels Greater Than 8%. This Affects Fluid Greater Than 8%. This Affects Fluid Absorption.Absorption.Beverages Containing Caffeine, Alcohol, and Beverages Containing Caffeine, Alcohol, and Carbonation Because They can Dehydrate the Carbonation Because They can Dehydrate the Body.Body.

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Hydration TipsHydration TipsDrink According to a Drink According to a Schedule Based on Schedule Based on Individual Needs. Individual Needs. If You are Thirsty, You If You are Thirsty, You are Already Dehydrated.are Already Dehydrated.Drink Before, During, Drink Before, During, and After Practices and and After Practices and Games.Games.

Fluid GuidelinesFluid GuidelinesBefore Exercise:Before Exercise:–– Drink 17Drink 17--20 Ounces of Water or Sports Drink 220 Ounces of Water or Sports Drink 2--3 3

Hours Before Exercise.Hours Before Exercise.–– Drink Another 7Drink Another 7--10 Ounces of Water or Sports 10 Ounces of Water or Sports

Drink 10Drink 10--20 Minutes Before Exercise.20 Minutes Before Exercise.

Fluid GuidelinesFluid GuidelinesDuring Exercise:During Exercise:–– Drink Early Drink Early -- Even Minimal Dehydration Even Minimal Dehydration

Compromises Performance.Compromises Performance.–– In General, Drink at Least 7In General, Drink at Least 7--10 Ounces of Water 10 Ounces of Water

or Sports Drink Every 10or Sports Drink Every 10--20 Minutes.20 Minutes.

Fluid GuidelinesFluid GuidelinesAfter Exercise:After Exercise:–– Within 2 Hours of Exercise, Drink Enough to Within 2 Hours of Exercise, Drink Enough to

Replace Any Weight Loss from Exercise. Replace Any Weight Loss from Exercise. –– Drink Approximately 20Drink Approximately 20--24 Ounces of Water or 24 Ounces of Water or

Sports Drink Per Pound of Weight Loss.Sports Drink Per Pound of Weight Loss.

* Refer to Hydration and Fluid Replacement * Refer to Hydration and Fluid Replacement Guidelines Hand Out.Guidelines Hand Out.

Thank YouThank You

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Basketball Injury Prevention and Treatment