Batteries in Maritime – Why, who, how? · Electricity is the thing. There are no whirring and grinding gears with their numerous levers to confuse, no dangerous and evil-smelling

DNV GL © 09 May 2019 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL ©

Sondre Henningsgård09 May 2019

MARITIME

Batteries in Maritime – Why, who, how?

1

Åland Maritime Day 2019

Electricity is the thing. There are no whirring and grinding gears with their

numerous levers to confuse, no dangerous and evil-smelling gasoline

and no noise.

DNV GL © 09 May 2019

GHG

3

CO

2ekv

. (%

)

HFO MDO LNG LPG BiodieselHydrogenBattery

2019

+2

-4


Other

4

HFO MDO LNG LPG Biodiesel Hydrogen Battery

SOX

NOX

PM

%


Cost developmentIndicative for one chemistry



NB: figure is unofficial, however, it illustrates the benefit of “instant Torque”

η


Batteries and hybrid systems represent a new way of providing power and propulsion – the trick is figuring out how to apply for your system

8

Peak shaving• Act as a buffer

• Level power seen by engines

Optimise load• Optimise the operating point

of the generators

• Reduce maintenance

Harvest energy• Recover energy from cranes,

drilling equipment, etc.

• Accommodate energy from renewables

Backup power• Battery system provides

backup power, UPS like functionality

UPSImmediate power• Instant power in support of

generators

Spinning reserve• Backup for running

generators

• Fewer turbines needed online


Lithium ion batteries – A big family!Old figure; illustrates the different characteristics in battery chemistries

9


Example maritime battery system from Corvus

10


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Volu

met

ric

ener

gy d

ensi

ty-

MJ/

l

Gravimetric energy density - MJ/kg

Bioethanol

PetrolSyntetic diesel

Diesel

Biodiesel

Energy density of various fuels

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density

CGH2 700 barLH2 20.3 K

CGH2 350 barH2

LPGLNG

CNG 200 bar

NGNMC Battery cell

Ammonia

For ships – volumetric energy density is in general most important


Friendly reminder

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Two examples

Cargo unloading simulationDP real life measurements


Savings?

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Ferry

• Fuel potential: 100 %*

• Maintenance potential: 100 %**

PSV

• Fuel 5-20 % (20-30 % in DP)

• Maintenance: +30 % engine runtime reduction

Drilling rig

• Fuel potential 10-12 % (not looking into alternative ways of saving)

• Maintenance: 30-40 %

Tug

• Fuel >10 % possible

• Maintenance around 20-30 % depending

Geared bulk (cargo handling)

• Up to 30 % fuel saved

• One genset never used

Shuttle tanker

• Potentially lower CAPEX (less engines)

• Improved fuel economy (particularly DP) and significant maintenance savings


Who are using batteries?

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Denmark

United Kingdom

Canada

Sweden

Germany

Netherlands

Global

United States

France

Unknown

Norway

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Area of operation


Development in shipsBased on year battery is installed

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1998 2003 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2024 2026

Number of ships with batteries installed or on orderIn service Under construction


Class societiesExcluding projects with unknown class status

DNV GL working with batteries on ships:

140+ class projects

– First with class rules (since 2012)

100+ Advisory projects

Strong in R&D (Fellowship), several joint industry projects

Battery test laboratories (Energy)

22

DNV GL

Not classed

LR

BV

ABS

RINA

Indian Register ofShipping


Newbuild or retrofit?

Still mainly newbuilds. Share has been around 30/70 for a while now.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Retrofit

Newbuild69 %

31 %


Technology

NB! Figure indicative as not all projects state if they are plug-in or not

Other

Propulsion 50 %

23 %

18 %

9 %

Battery applicationHybrid Plug-in hybrid Pure electric Unknown


Let’s talk elephant in the room

Batteries are so great, there are no risks or challenges… ?


Safety

Operational limitations (i.e. available energy an such)

Off-gas if heated

– Toxic and flammable

– If not vented explosive atmosphere could occur

Thermal runaway

BMS is the backbone of battery systems!

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Other challenges

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Minerals and mining Recycling and 2nd life Charging


•Determine the need and expectations for the hybrid system

•Any special considerations needed for your project?

•Limiting factors (shore power available?)

Kick off with Client

•A detailed operational profile is the best way of assessing the feasibility of a battery hybrid project

•All relevant modes must be covered

•Machinery configurations

Data gathering•The ship concept(s) will be evaluated using DNV GL in-house tools

•Battery sizing and lifetime evaluations

•Several iterations depending on need

System modelling and simulation

•CAPEX and OPEX considerations; what is the expected Return of Investment?

•Maintenance and fuel savings are key questions

Evaluation•Input for specification?•Decision support for investment?

•Which concept to choose?•Need more details?

Results

How to approach the problem?

Where are you? Where can we get you?

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• Determine the need and expectations for the hybrid system

• Any special considerations needed for your project?

• Limiting factors (shore power available?)Kick off with

Client

• A detailed operational profile is the best way of assessing the feasibility of a battery hybrid project

• All relevant modes must be covered

• Machinery configurations

Data gathering

• The ship concept(s) will be evaluated using DNV GL in-house tools

• Battery sizing and lifetime evaluations

• Several iterations depending on need

System modelling and

simulation

• CAPEX and OPEX considerations; what is the expected Return of Investment?

• Maintenance and fuel savings are key questions

Evaluation

• Input for specification?

• Decision support for investment?

• Which concept to choose?

• Need more details?

Results

How to approach the problem?

Where are you?

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How do you [intend to] operate today?

– How do you actually operate?

– Do you really know?

What are your commercial and safety requirements?

How to get where you want to/should be?

– Feasibility

– Safety studies

– Simulations

– Class


To make it simple – consider the system as a whole

http://ostensjo.no/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/DeepOcean-construction-vessel-Edda-Freya.png


Useful links

Alternative Fuels insight https://afi.dnvgl.com/

Maritime Advisory https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/advisory/index.html

Maritime Advisory Mechanical and Systems: https://www.dnvgl.com/services/mechanical-systems-engineering-services-3732

Battery resource page: https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/advisory/battery-hybrid-ship-service.html (includes class rules, battery handbook and more)

DNV GL Norshipping activities (including machinery laboratory tour at Høvik 4 June): https://www.dnvgl.com/events/nor-shipping-2019-145257

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https://afi.dnvgl.com/

https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/advisory/index.html

https://www.dnvgl.com/services/mechanical-systems-engineering-services-3732

https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/advisory/battery-hybrid-ship-service.html

https://www.dnvgl.com/events/nor-shipping-2019-145257


SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

www.dnvgl.com

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are the properties of companies in the Det Norske Veritas group. All rights reserved.

Thank you for your attention!

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Sondre Henningsgå[email protected]+47 416 58 410

Documents

Batteries in Maritime – Why, who, how? · Electricity is the thing. There are no whirring and grinding gears with their numerous levers to confuse, no dangerous and evil-smelling