Battery presentation

8/13/2019 Battery presentation

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Batteries

Consumer Auto Electrical

Lecture 2


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Battery Types

Automotive

Designed to only power motors for ashort time (starter), then be recharged

Completely draining will damage themDeep Cycling

Designed for powering electric motorswhere they are completely drained thenrecharged

Stronger design

More expensive


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Automotive Battery Types

Lead Acid

Contains 2 types of plates with

electrolyte

Lower cost

Most

common


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Automotive Battery Types

Gell Cell

Has 2 types of lead

plates wound in a

spiral

Uses an electrolyte

in gell form

More expensive thanlead acid

More durable than

lead acid


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Automotive Battery Connections

Post Terminal

Used in older cars

Side Terminal

Used in newer cars

L Terminal

Used in heavy trucks and equipment


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Battery Ratings

Batteries are rated 4 ways:

CCA (Cold Cranking Amps)

CA (Cranking Amps)

RC (Reserve Capacity)

AH (Ampere Hour)


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CCA

Cold Cranking Amps

Indicates the ability of a battery to

deliver a specified current at a low

temperature.

It is determined by the amount of

current a fully charged battery can

supply for 30 seconds at 0F without

the voltage falling below 7.2 Volts


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CA

Cranking Amps

This is the same test as the CCA

rating, except it is at a higher

temperature (32F instead of 0F)


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RC

Reserve Capacity

It determines the time in minutes a

vehicle can be driven after the

charging system fails

The length of time a fully charged

battery (at 80F) can supply 25 Amps

before the voltage falls below 10.5

Volts


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AH

Ampere Hour

The amount of current a fully charged

battery (at 80F) can supply for 20

hours without having the voltage fall

below 10.5 Volts


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Determining Battery Ratings

Most battery ratings are printed or

stamped in the top of the battery

Most have 1 or 2 ratings


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Determining Positive and Negative

In a post and Lterminal type, thepositive (or +) is

larger than thenegative post (or -)

In the side terminal,it is marked POS or+ for positive andNEG or fornegative


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Corrosion

Corrosion causes many battery

failures

Corrosion causes a barrier

between the battery post and thecable

When there is a barrier, no

electrons can flow

Even though the battery is fully

charged, current will not flow


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Eliminating Corrosion

Wash the top of the battery with hot

water until all the corrosion is gone

Remove the negative cable, then

the positive cable

Clean the positive post with a

battery cleaning brush, then the

battery cable

The corrosion is gone when the post

and cable are shiny


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Eliminating Corrosion 2

Connect the positive cable to the

battery

Clean the negative post and cable

until clean

Reconnect the cable to the battery

Many anticorrosion products areavailable to prevent corrosion


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Checking the Battery

If there is an indicator window,

look at the color of it

Green indicates good, dark

green means it needs a

charge, and white or

yellow means it

needs to be replaced


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Checking the Battery 2

Check the outside of the battery for

cracks

Check the hold down for tightness

Check for

cracked or

broken cables


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Checking the Battery 3

Check the level and condition of

the electrolyte


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Checking Electrolyte

There should be a mixture of 36%

sulfuric acid and 64% water in the

battery

You can measure using a

hydrometer

It measures the

weight of the

mixture


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Hydrometer Measurements

Pure water reads 1.000 on a

hydrometer

A reading of 1.270 means the battery

is fully charged (36% water, 24%

H2SO4)

A dead battery will read 1.100 (less

than 15% H2SO4)


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Hydrometer Measurements 2

When you measure the specific gravity

(weight) of each cell, they must all be

within 50% of each other

1.08

1.1

1.12

1.14

1.16

1.18

1.2

1.22

1.24

1.26

1.28

Level

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

Cell 4

Cell 5

Cell 6


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Voltage Tests Open Circuit

Turn on the headlights for 2 minutes

Turn off the headlights and connect a

voltmeter to the battery, red lead to positive,

black to negativeIf the battery is good, it will read above 12.2

volts

If below that, chargethe battery


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Load Test Connections

Make sure the battery is fully charged

Connect the red lead or the VAT-40 to

the positive terminal

Connect the black lead to the negativeterminal

Clamp the green clamp over the black

lead


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VAT-40 Connections


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Load Testing

Turn the Load Increase control untilthe ammeter reads 3 times the amp-hour (AH) rating or one-half the cold-

cranking ampere (CCA) ratingHold that reading for 15 seconds

Read voltmeter

A good battery will read at or above9.6 volts

Battery should be at 70F


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Case Drain Tests

Uses a voltmeter with the black lead

hooked to the negative

Use the red lead to touch the case in

the middle of the battery

It should read less than 0.5 volts

A larger reading indicates you should

clean the top of the battery with hot

water and detergent


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Parasitic Drain Test

Remove the negative cable

Hook a test light between the

negative post and the cable

If the light glows, there is a problem in

the electrical system

Look for lights on inside the truck or

trailer or the regulator is bad


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Charging the Battery - Precautions

Leave the vent caps in place

Charge in well ventilated areas

Keep sparks and flames away from acharging battery

Disconnect the ground wire to

recharge a battery


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Charging the Battery

Check electrolyte levels, fill as

needed

Disconnect the ground lead

Connect the red lead to positive, the

black to negative

Turn on the charger

Make sure it is set to the battery

voltage


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Disconnecting the Battery Charger

Turn off the charger

Disconnect the charger leads

Reconnect the ground wire


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Jumping a Battery

Make sure the vehicles are not

touching each other

Make sure when connecting the leads

they are clear of any rotating parts


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Jumping a Battery 12 Volts

Connect the red leads to both positive

posts

Connect one end of the black lead to

the negative terminal, the other to the

cars ground

After the car starts, disconnect the

black lead from the ground, then therest of them


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Jumping a Car - Illustration


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That Concludes Electrical Lecture 2

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Battery presentation