Bb FM2102 L1 Vertebral Column & Joints

8/12/2019 Bb FM2102 L1 Vertebral Column & Joints

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FM2102The Vertebral Column

Dr Kathy Quane

Department of Anatomy UCC

The Vertebral Column

Grouped into 5 regions:

Typical vertebra

Weight bearing

Protection

Attachment

1

33 -34 vertebrae


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Vertebralcanal

Pedicle

(Spinal nerves emerge)

Atlas C1

Cervical Vertebrae

2

No vertebral body

There is a vertebral foremen to

contain the spinal cord

Transverse processes have a

foremen each for the vertebral

arteries to pass up to the brain


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Odontoidprocess

Axis C2

Right

Lateral

View

3

Odontoid peg forms part of a pivot joint


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T6 Superior View(triangular)

Thoracic Vertebrae

T6 Lateral View

(faces backwards)

(faces forwards)

(rib 6)

(rib 7)

(rib 6)

4


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L2 Superior View L3-4 Posterior View

(faces medially)

Inferior articular process(faces laterally)

Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacrum: Pelvic surface Sacrum: Dorsal surface

ventralsacralforamina:Ventral spinalnerve rami

emerge

Dorsalsacralforamina:

Dorsal spinanerve ramiemerge

Sacrum

for sacro-iliac joint

5

Rotation is limited because of medial / late

attachments

Discs have been ossified


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Sacrum: Median sagittal section

4 physiologic curves:

6


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Abnormal curvatures:

Kyphosis:


Lordosis:

7

Exaggerated forward concavity

Happens with TB (not common) and mostly with osteoporosis (in post

menopausal women)

Vertebral body collapses on itself

Tends to run in families

Most commonly seen during pregnancy.. After the spine returns to its normal

curve


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Scoliosis:

Joints between vertebrae

1. Intervertebral disc

2. Synovial joints between vertebral arches

Grays Fig 2.31A

8

S shaped lateral curvature

Compensation for shortening of Lower limb

Twist vert column to make both feet flat on the floor

Between vert bodies

Between articular processes


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Grays Fig 2.3

Amount of movement possible

Intervertebral discs

Nucleus pulposus

Grays Fig 2.31B

9

Between any two vertebrae is small

Total movement is more

Mushy consistencyShock absorption

No disc between atlas and axis

Is gradually replaced with fibrocartilage as one grows older

Secondary cartilagenous joint


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Joints between vertebral arches

L3-4 Posterior View

Inferior articular processes

Superior articular processes

Joints between vertebral arches

All movements

All movement

Rotation

Flexion/extension

Lateral flexion

Rotation

Grays Fig 2.32

Orientation of articularprocesses

10

Synovial joints

Four joints per vertebra

Limits the possible movement in each region

Are allowed to be free

Limited

Is possible because

of their position

Free

Free

Limited


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Long ligaments:

Anterior longitudinal ligament-

Posterior longitudinal ligament-

Supraspinous ligament-

Grays Fig 2.37B, 2.34

Herniation / Prolapse of intervertebral disc

Degenerates with age

Nerve compression

12

Over th tips of the spinous processes

Defect line in annulus fibrosis

The disc

& can be damaged if there is sudden shock to the vert column

Common between L3/4 or L5/S1 and C7/T1

Where a mobile part of the vert column meets a less mobile part

Symptoms

Sciatica


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Atlanto-axial Joints

OdontoidProcessor Dens Transverse

ligament of atlas(divides space)

Synovial pivot joint

Cx vertebra: posterosuperior view

Synovial joint

lateral mass of atlas

articular pillar of axis

RotationNo joint

Spinal cordAtlanto-axial dislocationrisk in rheumatoid arthritis

Atlanto-occipital Joints

Odontoidprocess

Posterior view: posterior part of bones removed Superior view

Occipital condyle

C1 lateral mass

Synovial joint

Skull rotates on atlas

13

If this is the case you must be very care

when intubating for surgery


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Intrinsic Muscles ofthe Back

Erector spinae

Rotatores

Transversospinales

14

Extensions and rotators of the head and neck area

Extend and rotate the vertebral column


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Bb FM2102 L1 Vertebral Column & Joints