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FRACTUREFIXATION

1a

A typical bicondylar fracture in which a wiring technique is used.

The wire is led by a surgical needle to attach the fragments

External fixators (left) are used to hold pins which havebeen inserted through the fracture fragments. Or pins andscrews may be inserted alone (right). From Radin.

1b

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1cExternal Fixations

Percutaneous fixationof scaphoid fracturewith a Herbert screwFractures of the wrist

and hand

1dInternal Fixations

1eInternal Fixations (cont.)

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T w o v ar i a t i o n s i n s c r e w t h r e a d s

From Park and Lakes.2

Screwdrivers for fracture fixation

Various for bone plates.3

Compression offracture site

through use of adynamic plateeither equippedwith a jack (top) orthrough theseating of screws

(bottom).

From Park and Lakes.

4

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5

Fixation of a metaphysialfracture through a highlycancellous region with acombination of plates,

bolts, and screws.

From Park and Lakes.

8

Femoral and tibial nails.

9a

Variations in cross-sectional geometries for hip nails.From Park and Lakes.

9b

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Hip nail for fixation of femoral

(intertrochanteric) fractures. From Park and Lakes.

10

Intramedullary rods are used

for internal fixation of longbone fractures and may be

designed for insertion fromeither the proximal or distalends.

From Park and Lakes.

11a

Intramedullary nailing of abroken femur under fluoroscopy

11b

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Drawings of dental implants showing their integrationwith the jaw bone. From Radin (left) and Park (right).

15

JOINTREPLACEMENTS

Anatomy and cartilagecontact surface of the hip.

From Park and Lakes.16

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Hip Joint Replacement (THR)

surgical procedure

17

Various designs for total hip arthroplasty. From left: Ball andSocket, Double Cup,Trunion, Retained Ball and Socket.

From Park and Lakes.18

Various methods ofhip stem fixation.

From Park and Lakes.

19

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Theoretical variation in fixation strength due to resorbablecement and bone ingrowth. From Park and Lakes.

20

Difference in variation of fixation strength in cemented stems

with and without resorbable particles within the cement.

Based on implantation study in dogs. From Park and Lakes. 21

Stresses on the surface of a femoral stem with andwithout an implant in place. From Park and Lakes.

22

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Typical design of a hip implant without a proximal lip.

From Park and Lakes.23

Typical design of a press-fithip implant with a proximal lip.

Typical design of a cementedhip stem with a proximal lip.

From Park and Lakes.24

Typical design of a hipimplant with full porouscoating layer.

Typical design of a hip stemwith porous coating limited tothe proximal region.

From Park and Lakes.25

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Anatomy of the knee.From Park and Lakes.

Knee Replacement

26

Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

surgicalprocedure

27

Designs of various

knee implants.

From Park and Lakes.28

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Designs of variouscongruent (top) and

incongruent (bottom)ankle implants.

From Park and Lakes.

29

Anatomy of the shoulder. From Park and Lakes.

30

Shoulder Joint Replacement31

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Three designs of

shoulder implants.

From Park and Lakes.

Patent 4693723

Shoulder

prosthesis

32

Various designs ofwrist implants.

From Park and Lakes.

33

Finger implants34

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Various designs of finger implants.

From Park and Lakes.

Patent 4011603

Finger joint implant

35