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BC Hydro Case Study: Battery Energy Storage in Field, British Columbia, Canada
IEEE PES MeetingJuly 2014
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BC Hydro OverviewGeneral
• Crown Corporation• Serving about 95% of province and 1.9 million customers• ~10,500 MW demand
Generation• 13,800 MW capacity• 41 Dam sites, 30 Hydro facilities and 9 Thermal units• > 90% renewable• Wind under contract 790MW, installed 480MW
Transmission• 500kV series-compensated backbone• 18,000 km of transmission lines, 22,000 steel towers• 260 substations• One primary control center + one backup• Interconnected to Alberta and US – part of WECC
Distribution• 56,000 km of Distribution lines• Approx. 900K poles, over 300K of transformers• Serve 17 Non-integrated areas
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• Issue– Golden substation near-capacity
• Served via single 69kV transmission line• Peak load ~28MVA• 2 x 25kV transformers
– Poor reliability indices for Field• Single 55km 25kV distribution circuit from
Golden substation • Peak load ~550kVA
• Proposal – Add 2MW battery energy storage to Golden
distribution network to reduce peak load on substation
– Defer transformer upgrades at substation for 2 years
– Locate 1MW of the battery energy storage at Field to supply power during feeder outages
Battery Energy Storage Project Opportunity
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Battery Energy Storage Project OpportunityGovernment of Canada Clean Energy Fund 2009 Up to $146M over 5 years to support renewable, clean energy and smart grid programs across
Canada 50% matching funds for projects shown to reduce GHG emissions, demonstrate innovative
technology and knowledge transfer to other applications, locations and organisations BC Hydro proposal awarded funding Jan 2010
Project Objectives Implement peak shaving and islanding functions Demonstrate use of battery to:
Defer capital expense Be an alternative to diesel back-up
Demonstrate deployment of battery power in Canadian climate conditions
11. Energy Storage and Demand Response for Near-capacity SubstationLead proponent: BC HydroStrategic Area: Smart Grid/Electricity StorageLocation: Golden and Field, British ColumbiaPurpose: This project demonstrates the integration of energy storage as a mechanism for reducing electricity demand at near-peak capacity substations. This type of solution has the ability to be used in other remote communities where the grid reliability is low and the cost of the transmission line upgrade is uneconomical.
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Battery Energy Storage Design
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Sodium-Sulphur Battery TechnologyPower 1 MW Nominal (1.05 MW 2hr Peak)
Minimum Stored Energy 6.32 MWh DC
Number of Modules 20 x 316 kWh
Cycle life 4500 cycles
Round trip efficiency DC 85%
Installed footprint / Enclosure Height 25.1 m2 / 4.6 m
Rated DC voltage of battery (full charge) 640 V
Battery Temperature 300°C
Fast charge time of battery 9-10 hoursExpected life of battery 15 yearsEnergy density 59.6 kWh/m3Power density 9.9 kW/m3
Power consumption of peripheral devices: Depends on ambient conditions
~60 kW Battery Heaters (144 kW peak)
Manufacturer NGK Insulators, Japan
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Challenges• Schedule delays:
• Procurement• Permitting• Fire Safety
• Design challenges:• Canadian climate conditions• Telecom options
• Operations challenges:• Transitioning to operations• Unexpected “functionality”
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Schedule DelaysProcurement (May 2010 – Mar 2011) Two separate requests for proposal:
Energy storage technology Systems integration
Permitting (Mar 2010 – Aug 2011) Funding from the Federal Government
triggered CEAA (Canadian Environmental Assessment Application) process
Parks Canada additional permitting requirements
Fire Incident in Japan (Oct 2011 – Aug 2012) Construction stopped NGK investigation and design changes BC Hydro risk assessment and business case
review Reduce scope to 1MW in Field only
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Design Challenges
Civil Design Operating temperatures -50°C to + 40°C Maximum snow depth 1.2m Use metal building to provide snow
protection and fans to cool in summerOutdoor installation at Balls Gap, Virginia, AEP 2010
Under cover installation, Field, BC, BC Hydro 2013
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Design ChallengesR
Golden FieldPeak Load
500 kW
NaS Battery(6.3 MWh, 1 MW)
SMS(Inverter/Charger)
+/- 1000 kW+/- 750 kVAR
T125 kV – 240 V
1500 kVA
~-
G
Station Load and Battery Heaters
Telecom Design Backhaul from Field to BC Hydro
operations Satellite
Field area network for battery site to intellirupter 900 MHz SpeedNet radio
900 MHz radio peer-to-peer communication
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Lessons Learned• Combine the energy storage and integrator RFPs
• Time for procurement• Control systems suitability• Single contract negotiation and management
• Limitations of technologies in harsh environments• Climate • Terrain
• Balancing desire for in-house participation with timing constraints• Traditional standards and specification approach• Siloed approach to design
• The “safe” option still hasn’t been around that long• Operating non-standard equipment
• Operating orders• SCADA screens and controls
• Testing for all scenarios
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Battery Energy Storage Performance: Peak Shaving
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Battery Energy Storage Performance: IslandingDate Duration Reason
July 15, 2013 7.5 hours Tree
July 19, 2013 9 hours Tree
Sep 21, 2013 9.5 hours Vehicle accident
Sep 27, 2013 8 hours Vehicle accident
Oct 5, 2013 2 hours Vehicle accident
Oct 11, 2013 3 hours Unknown
Nov 15, 2013 Failed to activate Coordination between intellirupter and vista
Nov 19, 2013 14.5 hours Tree, snow, wind
March 8, 2014 23.5 hours Highway closure/avalanche
June 3, 2014 3 hours Tree
Total 80 hours Outage Prevented
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THANK YOUKunle Adeleye, BC Hydro [email protected] Whittaker, BC Hydro [email protected] Ellis, BC Hydro [email protected] Kositsky, BC Hydro [email protected]
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