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Laboratory Quality Management Conference
October 29, 2015
Michelle Preston, MA, Communications SpecialistAnnemarie Taylor, RN, BScN, MA, Executive Director
http://bcpslscentral.ca
BC Patient Safety & Learning SystemGathering Information on Laboratory Quality
bcpsls.ca
Overview
2
• BC Patient Safety & Learning System (BC PSLS)• Laboratory Safety Event Review Project (2011)• Changes following project• Current status of laboratory safety event reporting in BC PSLS• What does it all mean?• Applying learning for change
– Examples of improvement– Lower Mainland Laboratories project
British Columbia
3
• 4.6 million people• 6 health authorities
BC Healthcare System
4
…and Provincial Health Services Authority
• Northern Health• Interior Health• Fraser Health• Vancouver Coastal Health• Island Health
• Launched in 2008• Province‐wide web‐based safety event reporting system
– First in Canada– Used by all BC health authorities
• All healthcare staff can report (100,000+ potential reporters)• All sectors (acute, residential, community, ambulance)• All areas of care, including laboratory• Some patient and family reporting• Central Office in Vancouver
– System configuration, updates and technical support– Training and education– Overall leadership and direction
• Approximately 750,000 records in our provincial database
BC Patient Safety & Learning System (BC PSLS)
5
Vision and Mission
6
Make healthcare safer for all British Columbians by fostering a culture of safety, shared learning and continuous system improvement.
Safe healthcare for BC: No needless harm
Goals
7
• Communication• Standardization• Efficiency• Resource utilization• Culture of safety
System Architecture
8
Dat
abas
e C
lust
er
SAN
Safety Event Reporting and Management Workflow
9
Aggregate reports
Continuous improvement
Improve safety (change system) Share learning, promote reporting (change culture)
Adverse eventNear miss Safety hazard
Reporter Safety Event Report
Notify
Follow‐up and reviewCollaboration with others
Safety Learning Report record with findings
SecureDatabase
Actions to promote improvement, feedback
SeverityType
Managers Leaders Experts
• Started with World Health Organization’s International Classification for Patient Safety (2007)
• Laboratory classification section expanded to include fields on the Provincial Lab Occurrence Report Form (paper form)
• Launched in Interior Health (2008)• “Test Tube Tammy” got the word out• Completed provincial implementation (2011)
Implementing Laboratory Safety Event Reporting
10
• Phase of laboratory process:– Pre‐analytic: Clerical– Pre‐analytic: Collections– Analytic– Post‐analytic
• Degree of harm to patient – No harm– Minor harm– Moderate harm– Severe harm– Death
• Near miss?
11
Expanded Laboratory Safety Event Classification
• Risk of adverse events in laboratory settings is relatively low (2.7% to 12%)
• Impact on patients is much greater:– Laboratory results influence up to 80% of healthcare decisions– Inappropriate, unnecessary or additional tests– Patient discomfort, anxiety and inconvenience
• Extra costs to healthcare system
Laboratory processes are considered relatively safe……but could they be safer?
Laboratory Safety Event Project (2011): Background
12
Sources: Plebani, M. (2010); Lippi et al. (2011)
13
35%
21%
11%10%
7%
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Fall Medication Behaviour Laboratory Clinical process orprocedure
Top 5 Safety Event Categories (2008 – 2010)
Top 5 categories represent more than 80% of all events reported
Laboratory Safety Events Reported (2008 – 2010)
14
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Apr 2
008
May
200
8
Jun
2008
Jul 2
008
Aug
2008
Sep
2008
Oct
200
8
Nov
200
8
Dec
200
8
Jan
2009
Feb
2009
Mar
200
9
Apr 2
009
May
200
9
Jun
2009
Jul 2
009
Aug
2009
Sep
2009
Oct
200
9
Nov
200
9
Dec
200
9
Jan
2010
Feb
2010
Mar
201
0
Apr 2
010
May
201
0
Jun
2010
Jul 2
010
Aug
2010
Sep
2010
Oct
201
0
Nov
201
0
Dec
201
0
• Purpose: To review laboratory patient safety events reported in BC PSLS to identify opportunities for improvement
• Goal: Better and more effective laboratory processes in BC health authorities
• Questions:‐ Were there patterns in types or locations of events?‐ What was the frequency of laboratory events reported in BC?‐ What was the impact on patient safety?‐ Could we improve data quality?
Project Overview
15
Project Team: Dr. Michael Noble, Veronica Restelli, Annemarie Taylor, Dr. Douglas Cochrane
• Reporting period: April 1, 2008 – December 31, 2010• Number of lab events reviewed: 12,278• Reported by: 75 hospital‐based labs in BC health authorities• Metrics:
– Phase of laboratory process when event occurred– Most frequent problems reported by phase– Role of event reporter– Degree of harm to patients
• What else could we learn?
Project Scope
16
Project Findings: Phase of Laboratory Process
17
Clerical
Collections
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Preanalytic Analytic Postanalytic
76%
6%
18%
Project Findings: Phase of Laboratory Process
18
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700Ap
r 2008
May 200
8
Jun 2008
Jul 2008
Aug 2008
Sep 20
08
Oct 2008
Nov
2008
Dec 2008
Jan 2009
Feb 20
09
Mar 2009
Apr 2
009
May 200
9
Jun 2009
Jul 2009
Aug 2009
Sep 20
09
Oct 2009
Nov
2009
Dec 2009
Jan 2010
Feb 20
10
Mar 2010
Apr 2
010
May 201
0
Jun 2010
Jul 2010
Aug 2010
Sep 20
10
Oct 2010
Nov
2010
Dec 2010
Postanalytic (results and reports)
Analytic (sample testing process)
Preanalytic: Collections (sample collection including labeling)
Preanalytic: Clerical / order entry (order processing or handling)
Project Findings: Most Frequent Problems by Phase
19
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Preanalytic: Clerical Preanalytic:Collections
Analytic Postanalytic
Incorrect patient Incorrect test ordered
Unlabeled sampleMislabeled sampleDelay in sample collection
Incorrect lab results reported
Project Findings: Reporter Role
20
Project Findings: Degree of Harm
21
72%
24%
4%
1 death1%
No harm Minor harm Moderate harm Severe harm Death
• In addition to harm, were there consequences to the patient?
• How do we really know if the patient was harmed?• What does patient harm in the Laboratory context look like?• Are we asking too many/not enough/the right questions?• Who is reporting and who isn’t?
Project Findings: Where were the information gaps?
22
• Reviewed work done by (AHRQ) on classification of laboratory events in USA
• Worked with provincial Laboratory Quality Committee• Added new fields/questions:
– Point of care testing– Type of specimen involved (if applicable)– Recollection or other actions taken– Description of harm– Potential for severe harm
• Modified reporter role question
Next Steps
23
Laboratory Safety Event Report Form
24
Laboratory Safety Events Reported (2008 – 2015)
25
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Apr 2
008
Jun
2008
Aug
2008
Oct
200
8D
ec 2
008
Feb
2009
Apr 2
009
Jun
2009
Aug
2009
Oct
200
9D
ec 2
009
Feb
2010
Apr 2
010
Jun
2010
Aug
2010
Oct
201
0D
ec 2
010
Feb
2011
Apr 2
011
Jun
2011
Aug
2011
Oct
201
1D
ec 2
011
Feb
2012
Apr 2
012
Jun
2012
Aug
2012
Oct
201
2D
ec 2
012
Feb
2013
Apr 2
013
Jun
2013
Aug
2013
Oct
201
3D
ec 2
013
Feb
2014
Apr 2
014
Jun
2014
Aug
2014
Oct
201
4D
ec 2
014
Feb
2015
PROJECT
Top 5 Safety Event Categories (2011 – 2015)
26
36%
20%
11%9%
8%
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
Fall Medication Behaviour Clinical process orprocedure
Laboratory
Phase of Laboratory Process (2011 – 2015)
27
Clerical
Collections
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Preanalytic Analytic Postanalytic
67%
14%
19%
Phase of Laboratory Process (2008 – 2015)
28
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Apr 2
008
Jun 2008
Aug 2008
Oct 2008
Dec 2008
Feb 20
09Ap
r 2009
Jun 2009
Aug 2009
Oct 2009
Dec 2009
Feb 20
10Ap
r 2010
Jun 2010
Aug 2010
Oct 2010
Dec 2010
Feb 20
11Ap
r 2011
Jun 2011
Aug 2011
Oct 2011
Dec 2011
Feb 20
12Ap
r 2012
Jun 2012
Aug 2012
Oct 2012
Dec 2012
Feb 20
13Ap
r 2013
Jun 2013
Aug 2013
Oct 2013
Dec 2013
Feb 20
14Ap
r 2014
Jun 2014
Aug 2014
Oct 2014
Dec 2014
Feb 20
15
Postanalytic (results and reports)Analytic (sample testing process)Preanalytic: Collections (sample collection including labeling)Preanalytic: Clerical / order entry (order processing or handling)
PROJECT
Most Frequent Problems by Phase (2011 – 2015)
29
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Preanalytic: Clerical Preanalytic: Collections Analytic Postanalytic
Incorrect informationIncorrect test ordered
Unlabeled sampleMislabeled sampleDelay in sample collection
Procedure not followedIncorrect handling
Incorrect results reportedCritical result policy not followedResults reported to incorrect person
30
Reporter Role (2012 – 2015)
30
• If specimen was involved:– What type of specimen?– Was recollection needed?
• April 2014 – March 2015– For 8,586 reports, questions were asked 61% of the time (5,207 reports)
– 1,454 (28%) = Yes– 3,030 (58%) = No– 723 (14%) = Unknown
31
Defining Harm in the Laboratory Context: Recollection
• Was recollection needed? – Yes = 1,454
• Blood• Urine• Other• Topical swab• Stool• Sputum• Surgical specimen• Tissue• CSF
• Moderate to severe harm– Pre‐analytic: Collections
• Patient identification
– Analytic• Incorrect process
32
Defining Harm in the Laboratory Context: Recollection
• Laboratory patient safety events are consistently one of the Top 5 categories reported in BC PSLS
• Most events occur in the Pre‐analytic: Collections phase– Most events in this phase are reported not to cause harm– Most are reported by laboratory staff– Problems with mislabeled and unlabeled specimens and patient identification are most common
• Some severe harm has been reported related to recollections• Underreporting in the Analytic and Postanalytic phases is suspected, although we have seen some increase in Analytic phase reporting
• Project and subsequent changes to BC PSLS have improved data quality and support more meaningful, useful information
Summary
33
BC PSLS:• Helps organizations and staff focus on patient safety• Gives healthcare providers a way to report safety concerns• Promotes response from leaders to providers• Facilitates communication and collaboration across silos• Gives leaders a source of data to identify and focus on issues that are:– High volume– Problem‐prone– High risk– High cost
• Enables local improvement efforts
Summary
34
Applying Learning for Change
• Better laboratory safety event data• Positive feedback about report form• Examples of local improvement
35
Island Health: An insulin safety initiative for patients and staff
Fraser Health: Breaking down healthcare silos to improve safety in the NICU
Fraser Health: Fixing lab specimen errors: A cross-department initiative
35