BCO150013 - Political Science (1)

8/18/2019 BCO150013 - Political Science (1)

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Political science

TAMIL NADU NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL

( A STATE UNIVERSITY ESTABLISHED BY ACT NO.9 OF 2012 )

Navalur Kuttapattu, Srirangam (TK), Tiruchirapalli !"###$, Tamil Na%u

PROJECT ON

&'OLITICS O *S*+ATION

SUBMITTED TO

Dr-SU..A AO M-A-.-L-,'h-D-,

(Assist!t P"#$%ss#" i! P#&iti'& S'i%!'%)

./

M-MANO0

I 12ar .-COM-LL-. (H3n4)

(2g N3-.C#56##57)

POLITICS OF RESERVATION Page 1


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ACKNOWL*D8*M*NT

At t% #ts%t* I t+% tis #,,#"t!it- t# t!+ - P"#$%ss#" Dr-SU..A AO $"# t% /#tt# #$

- %"t # s /%%! #$ i%!s% %&, "i! #%!ts #$ !3i%t- ! t#",iit- i&% t%

,"#4%'t s t+i! its '"'i& s,%.

S%'#!&-* I '#!5%- - %%,%st "%"s t# t% Vi'% C!'%&" Arun 31 ! t%

i!ist"ti5% st$$ #$ TNNLS # %& t% ,"#4%'t i! i %st%% /- ,"#5ii! "%&i/&%

i!$#"ti#! i! t% $#" #$ &i/""- i!$"st"'t"% ! t/s% '#!!%'ti#!s i! ti%s #$ !%%.

Ti"&-* t% '#!t"i/ti#! % /- - ,"%!ts ! $"i%!s /- $#"%#i! t%i" ,"%'i#s ti%

is !$#"%tt/&% ! i&- s#&i'it%. T%i" 5&/&% 5i'% ! ti%&- s,%"5isi#! ,5% t%

- $#" t% s''%ss$& '#,&%ti#! #$ tis ,"#4%'t.

Fi!&&-* I t!+ t% A&it- # 5% % t% '#"% ! sti! t# '#!$"#!t &&

"&%s "i! t% +i! #$ tis ,"#4%'t. 6#"s "%!7t s$$i'i%!t t# '+!#&%% t%

t"%%!#s '#!t"i/ti#!s #$ 5"i#s ,%#,&% i!5#&5% i! tis ,"#4%'t* s I +!# 86#"s "% P##"

C#$#"t%"s7. I #!'% i! #&%%"t%&- ! %"!%st&- t!+ && t% ,%#,&% # %"% i!5#&5%

i"%'t&- #" i!i"%'t&- "i! tis ,"#4%'t +i! i' %&,% % t# '#% #t it $&-i!

'#"s.



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D*CLAATION

I* M-MANO0(R% N#: BC01;001


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

T% ,"#4%'t is % , #$ s%'#!"- t '#&&%'t% $"# 5"i#s s#"'%s &i+% !%s,,%"*

4#"!&s* >i!% ! %/sit%. F"# tis ,"#4%'t I '% t# +!# t% i$$%"%!t t-,%s #$ "%s%"5ti#! s-st% i! I!i ! # t%- i!$&%!'% t% ,#&iti's #$ I!i. It &s# %&,s % t#

!%"st! t% i$$%"%!t "#, #$ 'st%s! t%i" =#ts i! i$$%"%!t s%'ti#! &i+% %'ti#!*

%,-%!t i! t% #5%"!%!t 4#/s. It &s# %&, % t# !%"st! t% t"% s%s /#t t%

,#&iti's ! "%s%"5ti#! s-st% i! I!i.



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INDEX

CONTENTS PG.NO.

INTRODCTION !

"EANING OF RESERVATION #

$ISTOR% OF CASTE &ASED RESERVATION '

"ANDAL CO""ISSION 1(

DIFFERENT T%PES OF RESERVATION IN INDIA 13

)$AT CONSTITTION IS GRANTED* 1+

,DICIAL INTERPRETATION 1#

VOTE &AN- POLITICS 1

RENE)ED DE"ANDS FOR RESERVATION IN

RECENT

TI"ES

21

CAN "ERIT REPLACE RESERVATION* 22

CONCLSION 23

&I&LIOGRAP$% 24

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INTRODCTION

I!i is i% '#!t"- it % ,#,&ti#! #$ /#t 1.2 /i&&i#! ,%#,&% &i5i! i! it. It

'#,"#is% ,%#,&% $"# t% i$$%"%!t "%&ii#s ! %t!i'it-. T%"% is &s# "ii 'st%

s-st% ,"%5i&i! i! t% '#!t"-1. 6% &i5% i! $"%% '#!t"- ! tis $"%%# is i$t #$

%#'"'- t# s. O" '#!stitti#! i5%s s t% "it t# $"%%# ! #st t# %3%"'is% tis

$"%%# i! ! %=it/&% !!%". At t% s% ti% it is i!'/%!t #! t% ,"t #$ t% stt% t#

%!s"% tt %=&it- ,"%5i&s i! && s%'ti#! #$ t% s#'i%t-.

H#%5%" i! t#-7s '!'% #!% #$ t% "%& /""i'%s t# tis !i$#"itis t%

*S*+ATION S/ST*M-

I!i /%i! %5%,i! !ti#! it '""%!t&- $'i! !- ,"#/&%s ! t% "%s%"5ti#!

s-st% is /%i! #!% #$ t%. T% /i%st =%sti#! tt &i%s i! $"#!t #$ s is %t%"

i,&%%!ti! tis "%s%"5ti#! s-st% s "%&&- %&,% t% #!t"#%!? T% '""%!t

sitti#! s '&%"&- s#s tt t% %" 'st%s "% sti&& is'"ii!t% i! t% i&- &i5%s. T#

%5't% t% 'st%is $"# t% '#!t"- it is i,#"t!t tt % $it t% "%s%"5ti#! s-st%

i' !% i&& &% s t# t% %5%,%!t* '#,%t%!'-* %=&it- ! !it-2.

T% i! i #$ t% I!i! "%s%"5ti#! s-st% is t# i!'"%s% t% #,,#"t!iti%s $#" s#'i& !

%'ti#!& stts #$ t% !,"i5i&%% '#!iti%s ! t+% t% i! t% "it ,&'% #$

I!i! s#'i%t-.

1 I /e0o/t.cnn.co

2 Sliesa/e.net

POLITICS OF RESERVATION Page !


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Political science

MEANING OF RESERVATION

A''#"i! t# t% i'ti#!"- %!i! #$ "%s%"5ti#! is t% stt% =&i$i'ti#! /- !ti#!

tt %s'"i/%s t% ,"t #$ st!"i>ti#! "%%%!t tt it i&& !#t i,&%%!t #" i&&

i,&%%!t #!&- it &iitti#!s. Bt "%s%"5ti#! i! I!i %!s i$$%"%!t tt t%

"%s%"5ti#! i! I!i is $#" #$ $$i"ti5% 'ti#! %si!% t# i,"#5% t% %&&/%i! #$

,%"'%i5% /'+" ! !%" @ "%,"%s%!t% '#!iti%s %$i!% ,"i"i&- /- t%i" 'st% is

,%!#%!#! tt '#%!'% it i!t# $#"'% #$ t% I!i! '#!stitti#!


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Political science

HISTORY OF CASTE BASED RESERVATION IN INDIA

T% i% #$ 'st% /s% "%s%"5ti#! s $i"st '#i!% /- t% 6i&& H!t%" ! J-#ti"#,&%

i! 5"i#s $#"s i! 12.

HUNT* COMMISION

T% H!t%" '#issi#! s i,&%%!t% /- t% "4 #$ #&," i!

"st"* Ct",tiS4iM"4 i! 1902. H% i!t"#'%s "%s%"5ti#! i! t% s,,#"t #$

t% /'+" '&ss%s t# i,% #t t% ,##" =&it- #$ t%i" &i$% /- ,"#5ii! t% #,,#"t!it-

i! t% stt% #5%"!%!t. H% is t% $i"st +i! i! I!i t# i,&%%!t "%s%"5ti#! ,#&i'-.

I! 1909* "%s%"5ti#! s i!t"#'% i! $5#"#$ !/%" #$ 'st% ! '#!iti%s tt

&itt&% s"% i! i!ist"ti#! /- t% B"itis.

I! 19


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Political science

'OONA 'ACT

It "%$%" ! "%%%!t /%t%%! D". A/%+" ! t G!i si!% #! 2 s%,t%/%"

19


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Political science

T% M!& '#issi#! s %st/&is% i! I!i i! 199 /- t% 4!t ,"t- #5%"!%!t

!%" t% P"i% Mi!ist%" M#""4i%si it t% !t% t# i%!ti$- t% s#'i&&- #"

%'ti#!&&- /'+" '&ss%s. Tis '#issi#! s %% /- t% I!i! ,"&i%!t"i!

B.P M!& t# '#!si%" t% =%sti#! #$ s%t "%s%"5ti#! ! =#t%s $#" ,%#,&% t# "%"%ss

'st% is'"ii!ti#!* ! s% %&%5%! s#'i&* %'#!#i'* ! %'ti#!& i!i't#"s t#

%t%"i!% /'+"!%ss. I! 190* t% '#issi#!7s "%,#"t $$i"% t% $$i"ti5% 'ti#!

,"'ti'% !%" I!i! & %"%/- %/%"s #$ %" 'st%s %"% i5%! %3'&si5% ''%ss t#

'%"ti! ,#"ti#! #$ #5%"!%!t 4#/ ! st i! ,/&i' !i5%"siti%s* ! "%'#%!%

'!% t# t%s% =#ts* i!'"%si! t% /- 2 t# ;0.

SETTING P OF "ANDAL

CO""ISSION

T% ,&! t# s%t , t# !#t%" '#issi#! s t+%! /- t% M#""4i%si #5%"!%!t i!

19 s ,%" t% !t% #$ t% !%" "ti'&%


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Political science

5st i$$%"%!'%s i! s#'i&* '&t"& ! %!5i"#!%!t& $'t#"s* t% $#"%" i&& /%t t%

&tt%" /- &%!ts i! !- '#,%titi5% $i%&. E5%! i$ ! 5!'% '&ss 'i&Ks i!t%&&i%!'%

=#ti%!t s ' %" '#,"% t# t% 'i& #$ /'+" '&ss* '!'%s "% tt t%

$#"%" i&& sti&& /%t t% &tt%" i! !- '#,%titi#! %"% s%&%'ti#! is % #! t% /sis

#$ K%"itK.

• I! $'t* t % '&& K%"itK i! ! %&itist s#'i%t- is ! & #$ !ti5% %!#%!ts

! %!5i"#!%!t& ,"i5i&%%s. A 'i& $"# ! 5!'% '&ss $i&- ! tt #$

/'+" '&ss $i&- "% !#t K%=&sK i! !- $i" s%!s% #$ t% t%" ! it i&& /% !$i"

t# 4% t% /- t% s% -":sti'+. T% '#!s'i%!'% #$ 'i5i&i>% s#'i%t- ! t%

i'tt%s #$ s#'i& 4sti'% %! tt K%"itK ! K%=&it-K "% !#t t"!% i!t# $%tis !

t% %&%%!t #$ ,"i5i&%% is &- "%'#!i>% ! is'#!t% $#" %! K!%=&K "% %t# "! t% s% "'%.

• T# ,&'% t% &s #$ #,%! 'st% '#!$&i'ts i! ,"#,%" ist#"i'& '#!t%3t* t% st-

#!% /- Tt i!stitt% #$ S#'i& S'i%!'%s B#/- #/s%"5%s. T% B"itis "&%"s

,"#'% !- st"'t"& ist"/!'%s i! t% Hi! 'st% st"'t"%* ! t%s% %"%

'#!t"i't#"- i! !t"% ! i,'t . Ts* t% 5"i#s i,'ts #$ t% B"itis "&% #!

t% Hi! 'st% s-st%* 5i>.* !%" #!#,#&i>ti#! #$ 4#/s* %'ti#! ! ,"#$%ssi#!s /-

t% &it%"ti 'st%s* t% 6%st%"! '#!'%,ts #$ %=&it- ! 4sti'% !%"i!i! t% Hi!

i%""'i'& is,%!sti#!* t% ,%!#%!#! #$ S!s+"iti>ti#!* %!t%%& "%$#" #5%%!t

$"# /#5% ! i&it!t "%$#" #5%%!ts $"# /%* %%"%!'% #$ t% 'st%

ss#'iti#!s it !% "#&% s%t t% st% $#" t% 'st% '#!$&i'ts i! #%"! I!i. T#

#"% i!"%i%!ts i' %"% 5%"- %+ i! t% B"itis ,%"i#* 5i>.* ,#&iti'i>ti#! #$ t%

ss%s ! !i5%"s& &t $"!'is%* /%'% ,#%"$& #5i! $#"'%s $t%" t%

I!%,%!%!'%.

• I! 1990 M!& '#issi#! "%'#%!ti#! %"% i,&%%!t% /-

5is!t,"t,si! tt $i3% =#t #$ && 4#/s i! t% ,/&i' s%'t#" %"% "%s%"5%

$#" t% ist#"i'&&- is5!t% '&ss%s #$ t% s#'i%t-. It ,"#5#+% !ti#!i% ,/&i'

'En. )i8i0eia.co



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Political science

"t i! 1990. At ,"%s%!t % 5% "%s%"5ti#! s-st% it it ,%"'%!t%

ist"i/ti#! #$

S'%&% 'st%s @ 1;

S'%&% t"i/%s @ .;

Ot%" /'+" '&ss%s @ 2

T#t& "%s%"5ti#! @ 9.;

G%!%"& @ ;0.;9

DIFFERENT T YPES OF RESERVATION

IN INDIA

Bs% #! 'st%* "%&ii#!* %!%"* #i'i&% stts ! #t%" 't%#"i%s.

:;o/a.co



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Political science

8*ND .AS*D9

1< " "%s%"5ti#! ,"#5i% $#" #! t ,!'-t &%5%&* i! s#% %'ti#!&

i!stitti#!* 4#/s %t'.

H#%5%"* #!7s /i&& t# %3t%! "%s%"5ti#! t# ,"&i%!t ! stt% ss%/&- is ,%!i!

$"# !- -%".

*LI8ION .AS*D9

S#% stt%s %3t%!% "%&ii#! /s% "%s%"5ti#!. F#" %3,&%*

A!" P"%s %3t%!% "%s%"5ti#! $#" Ms&is.

DOMICIL* .AS*D9

I! '%"ti! st%s* 4#/s "% "%s%"5% $#" t#s% # "% #i'i&% iti! t% 4"isi'ti#! #$ tt

stt%.

OTH* CAT*8OI*S9

• T%""#"ist 5i'tis $"# si"* %. i! P!4/.

•Si!&% i"& 'i& (i! P!4/).

• Mi"!t $"# t% stt% #$ J ! si".

• S#!t%""!s#!"!t%" #$ $"%%# $it%".

• P-si'&&- !i',,%.

• S,#"t ,%"s#!&iti%s.

• NRIs 5% s&& ,%"'%!t% #$ "%s%"5% s%ts i! s#% %'ti#!& i!stitti#!s.

• C!it%s s,#!s#"% /- t% 5"i#s #"!i>ti#!s.

• T#s% # 5% s%"5% i! t% "% $#"'%s.

• D%,%!%!t #$ "% $#"'% ,%"s#!!%&:i!:'ti#!.

• R%,t"it%s.

• R%s%"5ti#! i! s,%'i& s'##& #$ #5%"!%!t !%"t+i!PSUs* $#" t% 'i&"%! #$

t%i" #! %,-%%s (%.. A"- s'##&* PSU s'##&s* %t'.)

• Pi ,t- "%s%"5ti#! i! ,&'% #$ #"si, ( %.. Ti"& V%!+t%s" T%,&%)



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Political science

• S%t "%s%"5ti#! $#" s%!i#" 'iti>%!s ! ,-si'&&- !i',,% i! ,/&i' /s

t"!s,#"t10.

WHAT CONSTITUTION IS

GRANTED?

'r2am;l29

I!i is s#'i&ist %#'"ti' "%,/&i' %"% 4sti'% (s#'i&* %'#!#i'* ! ,#&iti'&) !

%=&it- (#$ stts ! #$ #,,#"t!it-) "% s%'"% t# its 'iti>%!s.

1( %o;t;


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Political science

un%am2ntal ight9

As ,%" "it t# %=&it-* is'"ii!ti#! #! "#!s #$ "%&ii#!* "'%* 'st%* s%3 #" ,&'% #$

/i"t is ,"#i/it%* #%5%"* stt% '! is'"ii!t% ,#siti5%&- $#" t% /%!%$it #$ t% %+%"

s%'ti#!.

Dir2ctiv2 principl24 3< 4tat2 p3lic19

T%s% i"%'t t% stt% t# #"+ $#" s#'i& #"%"* 'i%5% s#'i& ! %'#!#i' 4sti'%* %&$"%

#$ #"+%"s* ,"##ti#! #$ %'ti#! ! %'#!#i' i!t%"%st #$ SC7s* ST7s ! #t%" %+%"

s%'ti#! %t'.

'art =+I Articl2 77# t3 7>" 4p2cial pr3vi4i3n r2lating t3 c2rtain cla44249

• R%s%"5ti#! $#" s%t SC7s ! ST7s i! t% #s% #$ ,%#,&% ("ti'&%


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Political science

I!i7s '#!stitti#! "!t%%s %=& "it.

Articl2 5> s-s tt T% stt% s&& !#t %!- t# !- ,%"s#! =&it- /%$#"% & #" t% %=&

,"#t%'ti#! #$ t% & iti! t% t%""it#"- #$ I!i.

Articl2 56 ,"#i/its is'"ii!ti#! i!st !- 'iti>%! #! "#! #$ "%&ii#!* "'%* 'st%*

s%3* ,&'% #$ /i"t* %t'.

Articl2 5! "!t%%s %=&it- #$ #,,#"t!it- i! tt%"s #$ ,/&i' %,-%!t* %t'.

At t% s% ti%* t% '#!stitti#! ,"#5i% $#" "%s%"5ti#! s-st%.

Articl2 >! s-s T% stt% s&& ,"#5i% it s,%'i& '"% t% %'ti#! ! %'#!#i'

i!t%"%st #$ t% %+%" s%'ti#! #$ t% ,%#,&%* !* i! ,"ti'&" #$ t% s'%&% 'st% ! t%

s'%&% t"i/%* ! s&& ,"#t%'t t% $"# s#'i& i!4sti'% ! && $"# #$ %3,itti#!.

I!i7s "%s%"5ti#! s-st% '#!t"i't it7 s #! '#!stitti#!7s ,"#is% #$ %=& "it11.

JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION

6%"%s it is t"% tt 0 -%"s # &#st && t% $i&i%s #$ '%"ti! '#!iti%s %"%

/'+" /t ,"%s%!t&- /'+"!%ss ! ,#5%"t- "% !#t "%st"i't% t# t% '#!iti%s.

M!t% ,"#5i% /- %3,"%ss #" #$ '#!stitti#! t"# A"ti'&% 1* !


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Political science

I! $%% is,"it- 's% D-'-034hi +4 Stat2 3< Ma%h1a .harat ( AI 5$66 SC77>), N#

',itti#! $%% s '#&&%'t% $#" /#!$i% "%si%!t #$ M.B st%!t ! && #t%" st%!t #

%"% !#t 5i! #i'i&% #$ M- /"t %"% '"% ',itti#! $%% i' s Rs. 1%! is /'+".

• T% si '&ss is !#t %=t%&- "%,"%s%!t%12.

I! 's% .ala?i v@4 Stat2 3< M143r2 (AI 5$!7 SC !>$) it s %& tt 8'st% #$ ,%"s#!

'!!#t /% t% s#&% '"it%"i $#" s'%"ti!i! %t%" ,"ti'&" 'st% is /'+" #" !#t.

D%t%"i!!t s' s ,"#,%"t-* #'',ti#!* ,&'% #$ /itti#! - && /% "%&%5!t $'t#"s t#

t+%! i!t# '#!si%"ti#!. T% '#"t $"t%" %& it #%s !#t %! tt it i$ #!'% 'st%

'#!si%"% t# /% /'+" it #%s!7t %!s tt it '#!si%"% t# /% /'+" $#" t% #&%

ti%. T% #5%"!%!t s#& "%5i% t% t%st ! i$ '&ss "%' t% stt% #$ ,"#"%ss %"%

"%s%"5ti#! is !#t !%'%ss"- it s#& %&%t% tt '&ss $"# t% &ist #$ /'+" '&ss%s.

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Political science

6t is s","isi! is tt #" '#!stitti#! '&%"&- is "%s%"5ti#!:$"i%!&- '#!stitti#! /t

!#%"% i! t% '#!stitti#! is t% t%" /'+" '&ss %$i!%. 6t 't&&- '#!stitti#!

/'+" '&ss? 6t "% %t%"i!i! #$ /'+" '&ss? Tis =%sti#! "%i!s

!!s%"% ! it is #!&- t% 4i'i& ,"#!#!'%%!t tt t%- 5% /%%! i5%! s#%

%!i!. %sti#! "is%s # '! "%s%"5ti#! /% % $#" s#%ti! tt s !#t /%%!

%$i!%?.

VOTE BANK POLITICS

A''#"i! t# t% "ti'&%


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si3t- -%"s $"# t% '#%!'%%!t #$ t% '#!stitti#!. I! #t%" #"s* tis ,"#5isi#! i&&

'%s% t# 5% %$$%'t #! t% 2;t J!"- 2010* i$ !#t %3t%!% $"t%".

T% Ni!%t- $i$t %!%!t #$ t% '#!stitti#! #$ I!i* #$$i'i&&- +!#! s T%

C#!stitti#! A't* 2009* %3t%!% t% ,%"i# #$ "%s%"5ti#! #$ s%t $#" t% s'%&% 'st% !

s'%&% t"i/% ! t% "%,"%s%!tti#! #$ "%s%"5ti#! #$ t% A!: I!i! i! t% L#+ S/

! stt% &%is&ti5% ss%/&i%s $#" !#t%" t%! -%"s* i.%. , t# J!"- 2020. A"ti'&%


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Political science

issi#! "% t# #!% $#" t% "+* /%'s% #$ t% 'st% '%"ti$i't%* i$ t% s-st% t"!

#5%" t% /%tt%" %i't% #'t#"s. E5%! i! IITs* t%"% "% !- '!it%s # &%5% t%

'""i'& i! t% i&% si!'% t%- '#& !#t itst! t% "#s &%"!i! ,"#'%ss. I!

s' 's% - st% t% #,,#"t!it- #$ t#s% # "% "%&&- %&ii/&% $#" ,"#$%ssi#!&

sti%s1


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P"'ti'% #$ 5#t% /!+i! is ,"%5&%!t* %"% 5#t%"s #$t%! /'+ #!&- '!it%s # /%!

t# t%i" 'st%.

D*MAND O C*TAIN CAST* TO .* INCLUD*D IN O.C@SC@ST 2tc9

8U00AS D*MAND O ST STATUS9

G4""s i! R4st! 5% /%%! %!i! ST stts* i!st% #$ t%i" '""%!t OBC stts*

!- %"% +i&&% i! t% ,"#t%st i! 200.

'AT*L D*MAND O *S*+ATION AS O.C9

Pt%& i! G4"t $#"% Pti"A!tA!#&!Siti (PAAS) %% /- "i+,t%&. I!

201;* t% ,ti"s* %& ,/&i' %#!st"ti#! '"#ss t% stt% s%%+i! OBC stts.

KA'US D*MAND O *S*+ATION AS O.C9

, itt#"s ,"#t%st% s%%+i! OBC stts ! s%t $i"% t# Rt!'& %3,"%ss t"i! i!

A!" P"%s.

TH* 0ATS D*MAND O *S*+ATION AS O.C9

T% ,"%s%!t /"!i! iss% %"% "- is '&&% i! t# '#!t"#& t% itti! #/s i! H"-!

is t% %! #$ 4ts $#" "%s%"5ti#!.

CAN MERIT REPLACE CASTE?

6%! % ti!+ /#t i$$%"%!t #,ti#! $#" t% ,#siti#! /s% "%s%"5ti#! s-st%* %"it

,,%"s i! #" /"i!. T#-%! ! !%"st- ,,&i%s $#" ! $$i"ti#! i! !- '#&&%%* t%

'#!$i"ti#! st"'t"%s "% % it i!=i"i%s s' s KA"% -# SCST #" OBC #" G%!%"&

Ct%#"-?K H# #%s it +% i$$%"%!'% i' '&ssi$i'ti#! #%s % $it i! it* t

+%s i$$%"%!'% is is &%iti'-. A '&ss '!Kt '##s% %t%" % is =&i$i% $#"



22/24

Political science

'#!$i"ti#! #" !#t. T%"% !%"#s #!%t"i&- #"% $& #$$ +is $itti! i! it t%

$#"" '&ss%s #%5%" t%- '!Kt %t t% ,"#'ts #$ s' "%s%"5ti#! si,&- /-

t%,%"!'% #$ 5i! ,&'% it t% %!%"& '&ssi$i'ti#!. O!'% i! i&% t%s% +is

5i! ,&'% it t% "%"%ssi5% '&ss%s #!Kt %"it ! sti&& ,#ss%sst% i,#"t!t

&%iti'- s i!st +i # '#!'%!t"t% " $#" '#!si%"/&% &%!t #$ ti% t# %t

s%t* i! tis - "//i! it#t %! tt s%t si!'% % #"ii!t%s $"# s,%'i$i' "%&ii#!

#" st!i! $#" i' #" i!ist"ti#! i5%s "%s%"5ti#!. N%"#s !%"sti%s

#!Kt+% it t# t% $#!ti#!s s "%s&t #$ t% #!%t"- "%s#!s ! t% i!i5i&s #

#!Kt $&& i! t% "%s%"5ti#! '"it%"i #!!#t %t "%s#!/&% #,%! ##" s %&&. Y%t* $#" !

t# ''#,&is %"it % s#& /% i!st"'t% ,"#,%"&-.Bt t% 5st 4#"it- #$ t% '&ss%s

#!Kt 5% t% #!%- "%&t% i% t# %t tt &%itit%&-. T% -#! %! ! -#!

&i%s # 'i%5% t% t#, 5% !#t /%'#%/"i&&i!t #5%"!it t% %st/&is%!t #$ t%

&%%! $#"'% #$ t%s% "%"+/&% s,&%!i !%"sti%s #& 5% /%%! &i "it $"# t%

%&%%!t"- s'##& st%.Y%"s #$ !% %3%"ti#! '#& !% "is% t% t# t% ,%3%s #$

,%"$%'ti#!. C! t% i!ist"ti#! i5% s' s#"t #$ t"i!i! "it $"# !%"!%t $#" %'

"%si%!t Q t% SCs* STs i! "%5%"s% '&ss%s* #t%" i! "%5%"s% '&ss%s ! %$t #$ t%

,##"#! t% ,",#"t% K$#"" "#,sK? At tt ,#i!t t%"% i&& /% !# "%=i"%%!t $#"

!- "%s%"5ti#!.

I! tis - "!+ #t t# /% s,,&!t% /- t% /%t"- stts #$ t% %!%"& ,#,&ti#!

! !#t /- %"it.

CONCLUSION

I! !- - t% "%s%"5ti#! is !#t s#&ti#! $#" t% ,"#/&% $'% /- t% s'%&% 'st% !

s'%&% t"i/% #" t% /'+" '&ss%s. F#" t "%s%"5ti#!* "%s%"5ti#! is i!&- $#" t%

%5%,%!t #$ t% %'ti#! ! %'#!#i' stts #$ t% /'+" '&ss%s it '! 'i%5%

/- t% %"it s-st% ! !#t #!&- /- t% "%s%"5ti#!. R%s%"5ti#! is is%s% i! #" '#!t"-

t# i,% it #t #5%"!%!t $i"st !ts t# %st"#- t% 'st% s-st% ! s&- "%s%"5ti#!

s-st%. Bt it is ,#ssi/&% #!&- t%#"%ti'&&- !#t ,"'ti'&&- i! s%!s% !# ,#&iti'& ,"t- i! #"



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Political science

'#!t"- is !#t "%- %5%! t&+ /#t t% "%s%"5ti#! s-st% /%'s% t%- $"i /#t t%i"

5#t% ss%s % t# s' 'ti5it- t% 5#t% $"# t%"% 'st% s !#t '% t# t%.

P#&iti'i!s s#& st#, si! "%s%"5ti#! s-st% s ii'+ t# 5% ,%"!%!t 5#t%

/!+. E'ti#! s#& !#t /% ,"t #$ ,#&iti's. I!st% !"t"% t% s,&i!s "it $"#

'i&## $#" t%i" /"it $t"% ! t%! t%"% #!7t /% !- !%% #$ s# '&&% "%s%"5ti#!

s-st% i! I!i.

R%s%"5ti#! s-st% it s#& /% %,%! #! t% $i!!'i& stts #$ t% $i&-.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERNET SOURCES

www.slideshare.net

www.quora.com

http://www.shareyouressays.com/

http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/


http://www.slideshare.net/http://www.quora.com/http://www.shareyouressays.com/http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/http://www.quora.com/http://www.shareyouressays.com/http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/http://www.slideshare.net/


24/24

Political science

http://edition.cnn.com

BOO SOURCE

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

http://edition.cnn.com/http://edition.cnn.com/

Documents

BCO150013 - Political Science (1)