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d{ i otiev vj MXH,DHF ntjl vmc Di{ajt Jtia Mciavm Njsefivkje% Nkeiehkia xsppjtv vj fcnti{ ptkevkeo i

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4% Lcxxioc Ntjl vmc Fcie

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4 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; 4 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

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Vmkx tcxcithm otjwvm xpstv dcoie ke 4006 wmce MXH,DHFtchck~cf nsefkeo njt kvx S46 Tcxcithm Kentixvtshvstc Cemiehclcev

Ptjotil! acf d{ Ft% Fi~kf Hitaxje! ejw MXH ~khc ptcxkfcev njt

tcxcithm ief otifsivc xvsfkcx% Vmkx otiev ceidacf vmc hjaacoc vj

tchtskv xcekjt lioecv ke~cxvkoivjt ief dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx hmikt Ft%

Tcei FXjsi! wmj ke vste mix mktcf i htkvkhia lixx jn jsvxviefkeo

tcxcithmct,cfshivjtx%

Vmc ptjlkxc jn otjwvm ke hakekhia tcxcithm iaxj mix dcce

cemiehcf d{ vmc hjaacocx pitvectxmkp ke i hjexjtvksl jn Ejtvm Vc}ix

kexvkvsvkjex vmiv tchck~cf i &86 lkaakje Eivkjeia Kexvkvsvcx jn Mciavm

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ief Vtiexaivkjeia Xhkcehc Kekvkivk~c! acf d{ Ft% Lkavje Pihbct iv SV

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Fchmjw% Vmc savklivc ojia jn vmkx wkfc,tieokeo kekvkivk~c kx vj xpccf

vmc vtiexnct jn aidjtivjt{ fkxhj~ctkcx vj ecw vmctipkcx vmiv klptj~c

mslie mciavm% Vmc ptjgchv mix htcivcf i ~itkcv{ jn hakekhia tcxcithm

vtikekeo ief hjaaidjtivkje jppjtvsekvkcx njt jst nihsav{%

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Vchmejajo{ Fc~cajplcev! wmkhm wix cxvidakxmcf ke 400>% Mjsxcf kevmc Jnnkhc jn vmc Ixxjhkivc Fcie njt Tcxcithm ief Otifsivc Xvsfkcx!

Ft% Aitt{ Dcaakeoct! vmc Jnnkhc jn Vchmejajo{ Fc~cajplcevx ojiax

itc vj kehtcixc vtiexaivkjeia tcxcithm jppjtvsekvkcx wkvmke vmc

hjaacoc ief kehtcixc hjaaidjtivk~c tcxcithm wkvm kefsxvt{% Acf d{ Ft%

A{eec Jppctlie! vmkx jnnkhc cehjstiocx keej~ivk~c vmkebctx je vmc

nihsav{ vj kfcevkn{ vtiexaivkjeia vchmejajokcx% Vmc hjaacoc iaxj mix

xcce xshhcxx ke otiev nsefkeo njt vchmejajo{ fc~cajplcev! mcapkeo

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I wkfc ~itkcv{ jn tcxcithm vjpkhx c}kxvx iljeo vmc ljtc vmie ?0tcxcithm ptjgchvx hsttceva{ ke ptjotcxx iv vmc hjaacoc! tieokeo ntjl

dcmi~kjtia vj mkoma{ vchmekhia% Ke vmkxGjsteia{jsaa tcif idjsv vwj

ixxkxviev ptjncxxjtx ke pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{ wmj tchck~cf i otiev vj

c}pajtc wmcvmct i dcmi~kjt lieioclcev vchmekysc hiaacf hmkaf

aknc hjsaf mcap ptc~kjsxa{ sehjjpctivk~c pcfkivtkh fcevia pivkcevx%

Xvsfcev tcxcithm tclikex i mkom ptkjtkv{ iv MXH,DHF ief kx

xsppjtvcf d{ 40 vj 43 nihsav{ lcevjtx wjtbkeo wkvm ljtc vmie 83

xvsfcevx je otievx ntjl vmc Di{ajt Jtia Mciavm Njsefivkje%

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vmc ec}v ocectivkje jn fcevia ihifclkh tcxcithm nihsav{% Vmc &9%>

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MXH,DHF mix i ajeo mkxvjt{ jn xjakf xhkcevknkh keyskt{! ai{keo

vmc njsefivkje njt vmc otjwvm wctc c}pctkcehkeo vjfi{% Xkehc vmc9;?0x! tcxcithm mix dcce ok~ce i ptkjtkv{ ke jst xvtivcokh paieekeo!

ief i xsdxvievkia iljsev jn xpihc mix dcce iaajhivcf vj aidjtivjtkcx

ief jnnkhcx njt tcxcithmctx! kehasfkeo vmc Xhkcehcx Dskafkeo!

hjlpacvcf ke 4003%

Otjwvm ke tcxcithm ptj~kfcx c}hkvkeo ecw jppjtvsekvkcx njt

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tcxcithm cefci~jtx%

Ix {js hie xcc ntjl itvkhacx caxcwmctc ke vmkx kxxsc

jn vmc Di{ajt Fcevia Gjsteia! MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn

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vmc hjaacoc% Ke 400=! MXH,DHF tchck~cf ljtc vmie &= lkaakje

ke otievx njt tcxcithm ief vtikekeo! ief vmc hjaacoc mix

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

H I L P S X H J E E C H V K J E

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hjlptcmcexk~c vtikekeo ptjotil nsefcf keGsa{ 400= d{ i &9%> lkaakje Eivkjeia TcxcithmXct~khc Iwitf Kexvkvsvkjeia Tcxcithm Vtikekeo-V84+ Otiev ntjl vmc Eivkjeia Kexvkvsvc njtFcevia ief Htiekjnihkia Tcxcithm%

Vmkx njst,{cit ptjgchv! vmc aitocxv V84otiev iwitfcf ke vmc mkxvjt{ jn vmc Vc}ix I.LMciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct! wkaa ptj~kfc tcxcithmvtikekeo ief hitcct fc~cajplcev njt fcevkxv,xhkcevkxvx% Vmc ptklit{ ojia jn vmc ptjotil!

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Vmc ptjotil kx fktchvcf d{ Ft% TceiFXjsi! ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jn dkjlcfkhiaxhkcehcx iv MXH,DHF! wkvm hj,fktchvjtx Ft%Pisa Fchmjw! ptjncxxjt ief fktchvjt jn vmcotifsivc ptjotil ke dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx ivMXH,DHF! ief Ft% Pcttkc Ifilx! ixxjhkivc

fcie njt tcxcithm iv SV XjsvmwcxvcteLcfkhia Hcevct iv Fiaaix% I ptjotil if~kxjt{hjllkvvcc ief i xvcctkeo vcil jnnct oskfiehc%

D,XVITX jnnctx ecw ief cemiehcf vtikekeovj ptcfjhvjtia ief pjxvfjhvjtia xvsfcevxke i sekysc ief tkojtjsx lsavkfkxhkpakeit{ce~ktjelcev% Kv jnnctx vmtcc vtihbx7 i

fsia fcotcc ptjotil -F%F%X%*Pm%F%+ njtptcfjhvjtia xvsfcevx! i Pm%F% ptjotilnjt xvsfcevx mjafkeo i F%F%X% fcotcc! iefi ncaajwxmkp njt pjxvfjhvjtia xvsfcevx%Pitvkhkpievx itc lcevjtcf d{ nihsav{ ntjlMXH,DHF! MXH,Kexvkvsvc jn Dkjxhkcehcxief Vchmejajo{ ke Mjsxvje! SV Xjsvmwcxvcteief Tkhc Sek~ctxkv{ ke Mjsxvje%

Vmc hjlptcmcexk~c V84 vtikekeo otievxiwitfcf d{ EKFHT itc fknnkhsav vj ocv dchisxcjn vmc tcysktclcevx njt mkom,ac~ca tcxcithm iefvtikekeo jppjtvsekvkcx! xi{x Ft% Fi~kf Hitaxje!~khc ptcxkfcev njt tcxcithm ief otifsivcxvsfkcx iv vmc MXH% Ix i tcxsav! vmc V84 iwitfxihvsiaa{ vcef vj fcnkec vmjxc fcevia xhmjjax vmivitc vmc ljxv mkoma{ tcoitfcf ix ke~cxvlcevx d{

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d{ jnnctkeo vmcl kevctfkxhkpakeit{ vtikekeojppjtvsekvkcx vmiv wkaa jpce sp i~cescx acifkeo

vj hitcctx ke ~itkjsx ixpchvx jn htiekjnihkiatcxcithm ief ke ihifclkh fcevkxvt{! xi{x Ft%

Gilcx X% Hjac ?3! MXH,DHF fcie%FXjsi xi{x! _c hie ejw htcivc ie ihvk~c

pkpcakec jn wcaa,vtikecf hiefkfivcx wmj wkaa dclcevjtcf d{ jsvxviefkeo fcevia tcxcithmctx njtxshhcxxnsa hitcctx ke jtia mciavm tcxcithm%

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jn vmc pctkjfjevkhx tcxkfceh{ njt vmc S%X%

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mix psdakxmcf ljtc vmie =0 itvkhacx ief

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6 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

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Ft% Litkiecaai Ojeiacx! ixxkxviev ptjncxxjtke jtia ief li}kaajnihkia xstoct{ iv MXH,DHF!lcv Oscttctj wmkac wjtbkeo iv vmc XieviTjxi Li}kaajnihkia Xstoct{ Hcevct ke Hitihix!^cecscai% Xmc pctnjtlcf xstoct{ vj hjttchvvmc x{llcvt{ jn Oscttctjx nihc%

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djec xvtshvstc%Oajtki hjlcx ntjl i ~ct{ pjjt nilka{ ief

mif ej wi{ vj pi{ njt vmkx v{pc jn ptjhcfstc!

Ojeiacx xi{x% Xmc kx xshm ie kevcaakocev iefljvk~ivcf pctxje! ief K ncav xmc hjsaf oj nitDsv! ejv mi~keo wmiv wc hjexkfct i ejtliaajjbkeo nihc! xmc mif dcce xjlcwmiv intikf lj~c njtwitf%

_mce Ojeiacx gjkecf vmc MXH,DHF

nihsav{ ke Iptka 400?! xmc lcv Xsieec ^ctlieipaixvjajokxv iv vmc fcevia xhmjjax HcevctLi}kaajnihkia Ptjxvmjfjevkhx% Vmc vwj viabcfidjsv Oscttctjx hixc%

Ojeiacx sxcf mct pctxjeia nsefx vj tcvsvj Hitihix ief xstokhiaa{ paihc vkviekslklpaievx ke vmc djec vj xsppjtv ie jtdkviaptjxvmcxkx% Xmc vmce pikf njt Oscttctjx vti~vj vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx ke jtfct vj hjlpacvcmct hitc%

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xvsfcevx ptc~kcw otifsivc ief ptjncxxkjeia

xhmjjax% MXH,DHFx Ft% Ctekc Aih{ ;6! ;>!

fktchvjt jn xvsfcev fc~cajplcev! ptcxcevcf

kenjtlivkje idjsv iflkxxkje tcysktclcevx

ief xvsfcev aknc iv vmc fcevia xhmjja%

Xvsfcevx iaxj mcitf ntjl jvmct oscxv

xpcibctx tcptcxcevkeo itci otifsivc ief

ptjncxxkjeia xhmjjax! kehasfkeo vmc Sek~ctxkv{

jn Ejtvm Vc}ix! Xjsvmcte Lcvmjfkxv Sek~ctxkv{

Fcflie Xhmjja jn Aiw ief vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn

Vc}ix Xjsvmwcxvcte Lcfkhia Hcevct% Iffkvkje,

iaa{! njtlct Hjetif kevctex wmj jdvikecf

otifsivc jt ptjncxxkjeia fcotccx xmitcf vmckt

pctxjeia c}pctkcehcx wkvm vmc otjsp%

K ncca vmiv ihvk~kvkcx xshm ix vmkx wkaa oj

i ajeo wi{ ke hclcevkeo jst tcaivkjexmkp

wkvm vmc ptjncxxkjeia ief cfshivkjeia

hjllsekvkcx vmiv wctc tcptcxcevcf vmiv

c~cekeo! _kaakilx xi{x%

Vmc Hjetif ptjotil kx eilcf ke mjejt jn

fkxvkeoskxmcf Fiaaix pm{xkhkie ief cfshivkje

if~jhivc Ft% Cllcvv G% Hjetif! wmj wix vmc

txv Intkhie,Ilctkhie lcldct jn vmc Fiaaix

Kefcpcefcev Xhmjja Fkxvtkhv djitf jn vtsxvccx%

Vmc ptjotil! htcivcf ke 9;;8 d{ xvivc Xce%

Tj{hc _cxv jn Fkxvtkhv 48! paihcx Fiaaix

sefctotifsivc xvsfcevx kevj pikf xsllct

kevctexmkp pjxkvkjex% Vmc ptjotil ptj~kfcx

xvsfcevx vmc ptjncxxkjeia c}pctkcehceccfcf vj gslp,xvitv vmckt hitcct wmkac iaxj

ptj~kfkeo vmcl i xiait{ vj mcap jnnxcv vmckt

cfshivkjeia hjxvx%

Xkehc kvx kehcpvkje! vmc ptjotil mix otjwe

ntjl 4? vj 948 xvsfcevx pct {cit% Vmktv{ mi~c

kevctecf iv MXH,DHF ief iv acixv 90 njtlct

Hjetif kevctex mi~c ivvcefcf MXH,DHF njt

fcevia xhmjja%Ft% Litkiecaai Ojeiacx ief Xsieec ^ctli xmitc Oajtki Oscttctjx c}hkvclcev je vmc fi{ mct nkeia jtdkviaptjxvmcxkx kx fcak~ctcf%

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

H I L P S X H J E E C H V K

Xvsfcev xst~c{ xmjwx

vchmejajo{ ipvkvsfc! fcxktc

vj bccp mslie vjshm

Xst~c{ tcxsavx xmjw vmiv MXH,Di{ajtHjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{ xvsfcevx ptcnct vj sxccachvtjekh vchmejajo{ vj xsppaclcev! dsv ejvhjlpacvca{ tcpaihc! vmckt vtifkvkjeia haixxtjjlcfshivkje%

Vmc tcxsavx jn vmc 400= Xvsfcev Ptcnctcehcxnjt Acitekeo _kvm Fkokvia Vchmejajo{ Xst~c{wctc tcacixcf aixv Xcpvcldct%

Vmc xst~c{ wix hjefshvcf d{ vmc hjaacocxpaieekeo ief ixxcxxlcev hjllkvvcc vj mcaplccv c,vchmejajo{ kekvkivk~cx ke vmc hjaacocxxvtivcokh paie% Kv xvitvcf wkvm i njhsx otjsp jn

njst fcevia xvsfcevx cachvcf d{ vmckt haixxcx%Vmc otjsp kfcevknkcf htkvkhia kxxscx ke sxkeocachvtjekh vchmejajo{ njt kexvtshvkje iefhjllsekhivkje iv vmc hjaacoc%

Dixcf je vmc tcxsavx jn vmiv njhsx otjsp iefeslctjsx nihsav{ fkxhsxxkjex! i xst~c{ wixhjexvtshvcf vmiv tcyscxvcf kenjtlivkje idjsvxvsfcevx c}pctkcehc ac~ca wkvm hjlpsvctx!fkokvia cyskplcev sxcf! ntcysceh{ svkakkeo iefcnnchvk~cecxx jn hjaacoc tcxjsthcx! ptcnctcehcxnjt acitekeo ke ~itkjsx ce~ktjelcevx! vmc eccfnjt xviefitfkivkje jn c,hjstxc livctkiax ief

ptcncttcf ljfcx jn hjllsekhivkje% Vmc xst~c{wix iflkekxvctcf jeakec ke Li{ vj iaa fceviaxvsfcevx ief fcevia m{okcec xvsfcevx%

Ljtc vmie ;0 pcthcev jn xvsfcevx xikfvmc{ wctc i~ctioc jt c}pctkcehcf sxctx jnhjlpsvctx% Ecita{ i ysitvct jn xvsfcevx jwecfdjvm i aipvjp ief fcxbvjp hjlpsvct% Ljtc vmie

;0 pcthcev jn xvsfcevx iaxj xikf vmc{ mif mkomxpccf Kevctecv ihhcxx ief jwecf LP8 pai{ctx%

Tcoitfkeo xpchknkh c,acitekeo tcxjsthcx!idjsv vwj,vmktfx jn xvsfcevx njsef vmclcnnchvk~c njt acitekeo% Vmc{ hkvcf ~ktvsialkhtjxhjp{! fkokvia xbsaa ivaix ief fkokvia vjjvm

ivaix ix vmc ljxv cnnchvk~c tcxjsthcx%I hacit vmclc jn vmc xst~c{ tcxsavx wix vmiv

fkokvia tcxjsthcx xmjsaf ejv tcpaihc vmc mslievjshm! xi{x Ft% Iee LhHiee! fktchvjt jnpaieekeo ief ixxcxxlcev ief jec jn vmc tcpjtvxisvmjtx% Lie{ xvsfcevx c}ptcxxcf vmiv nihc,vj,nihc kevctihvkje kx xvkaa vmckt ni~jtkvc njtl jnhjllsekhivkje%

Ke nihv! ?6 pcthcev jn xvsfcevx wievcfjeakec livctkiax vj xsppaclcev dsv ejv tcpaihcachvstcx% Ljtc vmie >0 pcthcev ptcncttcfptkevcf vc}vdjjbx j~ct fkokvia vc}vx%

LhHiee xi{x vmc xst~c{ tcxsavx itc dckeohajxca{ c}ilkecf d{ hjaacoc iflkekxvtivjtx%Xmc xi{x vmc tcxsavx wkaa ejv jea{ mcapiflkekxvtivjtx iaajhivc vmc hjaacocx tcxjsthcx2vmc{ iaxj xmjw vmiv xjlc jn vmc hjaacocxxvtivcokh kekvkivk~cx njt c,acitekeo xmjsaf lj~cnixvct! pitvkhsaita{ vmc eccf vj hcevtiakcc,tcxjsthcx%

Hsttceva{ c,tcxjsthcx itc i~ikaidac ivxc~ctia cachvtjekh ajhivkjex! xshm ix vmchjaacocx kevtiecv! vmc hjaacocx psdakh xmitc

ftk~c ief je Daihbdjitf jt _cdHV% Ecita{iaa xvsfcevx ;= pcthcev xikf vmc eccf njti hcevtia ajhivkje njt fkokvia hjstxc livctkiaxwix klpjtviev%

Xvsfcevx wiev jec paihc wmctc c~ct{vmkeokx! jec wi{ vj xsdlkv ief jdvike kenjtlivkje!LhHiee xi{x%

Dj{ Xhjsvx acite idjsv

fcevkxvt{ je hilpsx

XC^CTIA LCLDCTX JNDj{ Xhjsv Vtjjp8=0 ke Paiej hilc vj MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc

jn Fcevkxvt{ ke Isosxv 400= vj wjtb jevmckt fcevkxvt{ lctkv difoc% I mkomakomv nj

vmc Xhjsvx wix hixvkeo pcfkivtkh ljafx

ief vibkeo vmcl mjlc vj bccp%

Ft% Ajsajs Ljjtc ;8! ;6! ixxjhkivc

ptjncxxjt ke tcx vjtivk~c xhkcehcx! ief

vwj fcevia xvsfcevx Tjd Hakec ief Xil

Caaxwjtvm -i njtlct Xhjsv mklxcan+

hjefshvcf vmc miefx,je ihvk~kvkcx ief vj

jn vmc hjaacoc%

Lie{ xvsfcevx c}ptcxxcf vmivnihc,vj,nihc kevctihvkje kx xvkaa vmckt

ni~jtkvc njtl jn hjllsekhivkje%Ft% Iee LhhIee

Xvsfcev Xil Caaxwjtvm c}pi fcvika fstkeo ie cfshivkjxcxxkje%

Ft% Ajsajs Ljjtcixxkxvx i Xhjsv kemiefx,je aidjtivihvk~kv{%

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> q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

Xvsfcevx ~kxkv estxkeo

mjlcx je ecw tjvivkje

F

cevia ief fcevia m{okcec xvsfcevx itcvcilkeo sp vj ptj~kfc hitc vj pivkcevx ke

ajhia estxkeo mjlcx vwj invctejjex pct wccb%Njt cihm tjvivkje! vwj njstvm,{cit fcevia

xvsfcevx ief vwj fcevia m{okcec xvsfcevx

Jtia mciavm kexvtshvkje kx jnvce i pitv jn vmc estxkemjlc ~kxkvx%

ihhjlpie{ Ft% Pivtkhki Xbst! ixxkxviev ptjncxxjtke psdakh mciavm xhkcehcx! vj jec jn 98 ajhiaestxkeo mjlcx%

Vmc estxkeo mjlc tjvivkje dcoie ix iejpvkje njt fcevia xvsfcevx ke vmc xptkeo 400?xclcxvct% Vmc kfci hilc ntjl Xbst! wmj

ptj~kfcx hitc mctxcan iv vmc mjlcx% Xmc wjtbcfwkvm Ft% Fie Gjecx =;! ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jnpsdakh mciavm xhkcehcx! vj cxvidakxm i xvsfcevtjvivkje%

Lie{ jn vmc xvsfcevx wmj pitvkhkpivcf vmivxptkeo cegj{cf vmckt c}pctkcehc! xj wc fchkfcfvj kehjtpjtivc kv kevj jst tjvivkje xhmcfsac kevmc niaa 400? xclcxvct! Xbst xi{x%

Ecit vmc hjlpacvkje jn vmc tjvivkjex nktxv{cit! acifctx ntjl vmc fcevia m{okcec ptjotilc}ptcxxcf kevctcxv ke gjkekeo vmc cnnjtv% GjIeeXhjnkcaf 09! fcevia m{okcec ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjtief hakekh hjjtfkeivjt! jtoiekcx vmc fceviam{okcec xvsfcevx pitvkhkpivkje%

_c oi~c vmc xvsfcevx vmc tcxpjexkdkakv{ vjfcvctlkec wmkhm xct~khcx vmc{ hjsaf ptj~kfcvmiv wjsaf mcap vmc pivkcevx! Xhjnkcaf xi{x%Vmkx kehasfcx dtsxmkeo vmckt vccvm! haciekeovmckt tclj~idac ippakiehcx! pctnjtlkeo jtiamciavm cfshivkje jt gsxv ptj~kfkeo i xlkac ief i

Estxkeo mjlc tcxkfcevx tchck~c kefk~kfsiakcfivvcevkje ntjl fcevia m{okcec xvsfcevx! wmj gjke wkvmfcevia xvsfcevx ke vmkx hjllsekv{ fcevkxvt{ tjvivkje%

Achvstc ifftcxxcx ihhcxx

vj fcevia mciavm hitc

VMC 400= DTISLIE,DCAA Iapmi Jlcoi

Achvstcxmkp iv MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{

ifftcxxcf wi{x vj klptj~c hjllsekvkcx

ihhcxx vj fcevia mciavm hitc%

Vmc fkxvkeoskxmcf achvstct njt vmc Xcpv% 9>

c~cev wix Ft% Tjdctv L% Dtiefgjtf! ie jtia ief

li}kaajnihkia xstocje ke Lkeecipjakx% I pixv

ptcxkfcev jn vmc Ilctkhie Fcevia I xxjhkivkje!Dtiefgjtf kx ie if~jhivc njt fcevia mciavm hitc

ihhcxx djvm eivkjeiaa{ ief ke Lkeecxjvi! wmctc

mc mix xct~cf ix hmikt jn vmc vixb njthc je

sek~ctxia mciavm hitc njt vmc Lkeecxjvi Fcevia

Ixxjhkivkje%

Ke mkx achvstc vkvacf Vmc Hjllsekv{ Fcevia

Mciavm Hjjtfkeivjt vj Klptj~c Ihhcxx vj Fcevia

Hitc! Dtiefgjtf ifftcxxcf vmc IFIx ptjpjxia

vj kehtcixc

ihhcxx d{

clpmixkkeo

vmkx ecw tjac

ke vmc fcevia

wjtbnjthc%

Fcevia mciavm

hjjtfkeivjtx

itc ptjpjxcf vj

mcap dtkfoc vmc

oip dcvwcce fkxvkehv hsavstia hjllsekvkcx ief

fcevia mciavm hitc x{xvclx%Vmc ipptj}klivca{ =0 xvsfcevx! nihsav{

lcldctx ief ajhia fcevkxvx wmj ivvcefcf

vmc achvstc iaxj mcitf Dtiefgjtf fcxhtkdc

hjjtfkeivjt vtikekeo ke fc~cajplcev ke vmtcc

ajhivkjex7 Lkhmkoie! Jbaimjli ief Hiaknjteki%

Vmc ieesia Dtislie,Dcaa Iapmi Jlcoi

Achvstcxmkp kx eilcf njt fkxvkeoskxmcf MXH,

DHF iaslek Ftx% Iantcf _% Dtislie 8= ief

_cafce C% Dcaa 86% Kv kx jtoiekcf vmtjsom vmc

hjaacocx n ihsav{ fc~cajplcev hjllkvvcc!

vmc Jnhc jn Hjllsekhivkjex . Kexvkvsvkjeia

If~iehclcev ief vmc Fiaaix iaslek hmipvct jn

Iapmi Jlcoi Kevcteivkjeia Ntivctekv{%

Dcaa wix i nihsav{ lcldct ke jtia ief

li}kaajnihkia xstoct{ ief i hjevkeskeo

cfshivkje achvstct sevka mkx fcivm ke 9;;0%

Mc iaxj wix i ~kxkvkeo ach vstct vj 46 fcevia

xhmjjax vmtjsomjsv vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx ief

Hieifi ief vmc isvmjt jn ekec vc}vdjjbx je

jtjnihkia pike ief VLG fkxjtfctx% Dt isliewix kexvtslcevia ke cxvidakxmkeo vmc Fiaaix

Hmipvct jn Iapmi Jlcoi nt ivctekv{ wmkac ke

fcevia xhmjja% I ptihvkhkeo fcevkxv ke Fiaaix

njt ljtc vmie 30 {citx ief i hjllcthkia

tcia cxvivc fc~cajpct! mc wix ie ihvk~c

hjllsekv{ ~jasevcct ief pmkaievmtjpkxv

sevka mkx fcivm ke 9;;>% Dcaa ief Dtislie

likevikecf i ntkcefxmkp njt 34 {citx%

Ft% Tjdctv Dtiefgjtf

akvvac hjlpie{% Vmc xvsfcevx vjjb vmc kekvkivkvj ~kxkv cihm tjjl vj xcc wmiv vmc{ hjsaf fj

Vmc estxkeo mjlc tjvivkje mix dcce xshojjf c}pctkcehc! xi{x Xhjnkcaf%

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

H I L P S X H J E E C H V K

Xvsfcevx htcivc nseftikxct

njt jtia hiehct iwitcecxx

J

ec jn MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{xxvsfcev jtoiekivkjex kekvkivcf ie

ildkvkjsx ptjgchv ke Iptka 400=! ie JtiaHiehct _iab vj tikxc nsefx ief iwitcecxx iefsavklivca{ mcap pivkcevx fcvchv jtia hiehct%

Vmc Xvsfcev Eivkjeia Fcevia Ixxjhkivkjehmjxc vj njhsx vmckt cnnjtvx je jtia hiehctdchisxc jn vmc fkxcixcx hjeechvkje vj fcevkxvxief vmc Intkhie,Ilctkhie hjllsekv{%

Xkehc fcevkxvx itc vmc ptklit{ mciavm hitcptj~kfctx wmj fcvchv jtia hiehct! kv kx ~kvia vmivvmc ocectia pjpsaivkje mcitx ntjl vmc fceviaxhmjja idjsv wmiv vmc tkxb nihvjtx itc! iefvmc klpjtviehc jn xhtccekeox! xi{x Ft% XijxivJaivsedjxse 0=! njtlct XEFI nseftikxkeo hmikt%

Jtia hiehct kx vmc xk}vm ljxv hjlljehiehct ke lce ke vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx% Kvfkxptjpjtvkjeivca{ innchvx Intkhie,Ilctkhiex!wmj itc fkioejxcf wkvm jtia hiehct vwkhc ixjnvce ix wmkvc pivkcevx% Ipptj}klivca{ 69pcthcev jn jtia hiehct pivkcevx fkc wkvmke nk~c{citx jn fkioejxkx% Njt Intkhie,Ilctkhiex! >>pcthcev jn pivkcevx fkc wkvmke vmiv xilc vklc%

Mjwc~ct! XEFI lcldctx iaxj pjkev jsvvmiv cita{ fcvchvkje xkoeknkhieva{ tcfshcx vmc

tkxb jn fcivm ief dcakc~c vmckt 3B wiab hiemcap ke vwj wi{x7 tikxkeo iwitcecxx idjsv jtiahiehct wkvmke vmc hjllsekv{ ief mcapkeo nsefpivkcevx wmj eccf jtia dkjpxkcx%

Iv vmc c~cev! pitvkhkpievx mcitf nktxvmiefwm{ vmckt mcap kx xj klpjtviev% Fie Xvihb!

vmc Fiaaix hjjtfkeivjt jn i ejeptjnkv otjsp!Xsppjtv njt Pcjpac wkvm Jtia ief Mcif iefEchb Hiehct! kexpktcf vmc htjwf wkvm mkxjwe xst~k~ia xvjt{ jn j~cthjlkeo jtia hiehct%Ifsavx tchck~cf ntcc jtia hiehct xhtccekeox! iefhmkaftce tchck~cf ntcc fcevia xhtccekeox%

Ke iffkvkje vj vmc hjaacocx XEFI lcldctx!xc~ctia jvmctx ke vmc hjllsekv{ gjkecf vmcc~cev% Xvinn lcldctx ntjl vmc Litvke AsvmctBkeo Gt% Hjllsekv{ Hcevct ke Fiaaix wiabcf!ief xvsfcevx ntjl Xjsvmcte LcvmjfkxvSek~ctxkv{ ief vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Ejtvm Vc}ix~jasevcctcf ix wcaa%

_kvm vmc nktxv wiab sefct vmckt dcav! XEFIxvsfcevx mjpc vj klptj~c ief c}pief vmcc~cev xj vmiv kv c~cevsiaa{ dchjlcx ie ieesiahjllsekv{ ihvk~kv{%

_ctc vt{keo vj tcihm jsv vj vmchjllsekv{! xi{x vmktf,{cit fcevia xvsfcevMitjaf Biliti! 400=,400; XEFI ptcxkfcev%Vmc Jtia Hiehct _iab wkaa xcef vmchtkvkhiaa{ klpjtviev lcxxioc jn cita{ fcvchvkjeief ptc~cevkje%

Pitvkhkpievx ke vmc nktxv Jtia Hiehct _iab acef vmckt cnnjtvx vj ptjljvkeo iwitcecxx ief cita{ fcvchvkje%

ICOF xvsfcevx

pitvkhkpivc ke c,achvstc

XVSFCEVXNTJL VMC IF ^IEHCF CFSHIVK

KE OCECTIA FCEVKXVT[ ptjotil iv MXH,

Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{ tchck~cf iec}hasxk~c oscxv achvstc ntjl ;30 lkacx

iwi{ ke Vshxje! Itk%

Ft% Bce Tccf! i pctkjfjevkxv wmj ejw

ptihvkhcx fcevia iecxvmcxki ief kx wkfca

bejwe ix ie c}pctv ke vmc caf! ptj~kfcf

vmc ICOF tcxkfcevx ke,fcpvm c}pjxstc vj

wmiv mc fcxhtkdcx ix ie jnvce j~ctajjbc

vjpkh% Mc fkxhsxxcf if~iehcf vchmekysc

jn ajhia iecxvmcxki iflkekxvtivkje!

pmitlihjajo{! eccfac hmjkhcx ief jvmct

vjpkhx! jnnctkeo mkx c}pctvkxc ntcc jn hmito

Vmc Gsa{ 400=c,achvstc wix jec jn

vmc txv tchck~cf d{ xvsfcevx je vmc

MXH,DHF hilpsx sxkeo wcd hjenctcehke

vchmejajo{ hiaacf _cdC}! iavmjsom

MXH,DHF nihsav{ lcldctx mi~c fcak~ctc

fkxviehc cfshivkje vj jvmct xhmjjax%

^kfcjhjenctcehkeo vchmejajo{ kx sxc

tjsvkeca{ je hilpsx d{ xvinn ief n ihsav{

njt lccvkeox ke~ja~keo lsavkpac hilpsxc

jn vmc Vc}ix I.L Mciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct%

_kvm vmc Kevctecv! pctxpchvk~cx

ntjl iaa j~ct vmc wjtaf itc ejw i~ikaidac

ke tcia vklc njt jst tcxkfcevx! wmkhm

ftixvkhiaa{ dtjifcex vmckt mjtkjex!

xi{x Ft% Hmitacx _ibccaf! ICOF ptjotil

fktchvjt% Vmc hjaacoc mix vmc echcxxit{

vchmejajo{ vj ptj~kfc vmkx c}pctkcehc! xj

kv wix jea{ eivstia vmiv wc fj jst dcxv vj

libc vmc c~cev mippce njt vmcxc ns vstc

ptihvkvkjectx%

Ft% Htiko Dittkeovje! ifgsehv ixxkxvie

ptjncxxjt ke ICOF! acf vmc cnnjt vx vj

ittieoc vmc c,achvstc%

_kvm i dsfocv ke paihc -vj pi{xshm vmkeox ix oscxv achvstct xvkpcefx+!

vmkx hie dc i tcosait! chjejlkhia

ief c}hcpvkjeiaa{ ~iasidac xjsthc jn

kenjtlivkje ief hiakdtivkje njt tcxkfcevx

ief vcihmkeo kexvkvsvkjex iaa j~ct vmc

wjtaf! _ibccaf xi{x%

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H I L P S X H J E E C H V K

4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

EKM otiev vitocvx hakekhia

fchkxkje,libkeo

I

e Jtia Mciavm Tcxcithm Cfshivkje otievjn &>88!868 ntjl vmc Eivkjeia Kexvkvsvc

jn Fcevia ief Htiekjnihkia Tcxcithm mix dccetchck~cf d{ MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{%

Vmc otiev wkaa mcap vmc hjaacoc klpaclcevi xctkcx jn hsttkhsasl kekvkivk~cx vj kexvtshvxvsfcevx mjw vj kehjtpjtivc c~kfcehc hakekhiatcxcithm jsvhjlcx kevj vmckt pivkcev,tcaivcffchkxkje,libkeo% Nsefkeo dcoie ke Iptka 400=ief wkaa dc fkxvtkdsvcf j~ct njst {citx%

Vmkx T43 otiev wkaa dc ie c}hcaacev vjjanjt cemiehkeo jst hakekhia tcxcithm hipidkakv{ke xc~ctia nsefilcevia wi{x! xi{x Ft% GilcxX% Hjac ?3! MXH,DHF fcie% Ke iffkvkje! jstxvsfcevx wkaa dc clpjwctcf vmtjsomjsv vmcktptjncxxkjeia hitcctx d{ c}pjxstc vj ecw htkvkhiavmkebkeo ief xhkcevknkh keyskt{ xbkaax% K c}pchvvmc dcecnkvx jn vmkx kekvkivk~c vj otciva{ klpihvDHFx j~ctiaa cnnchvk~cecxx%

Vmc hsttkhsait hmieocx itc hjaachvk~ca{fcxkoeivcf ix HSXPKF7 Hakekhkiex SxkeoXhkcehc vj Ptjfshc Kexpktcf Fcevkxvx%

HSXPKF ptjpjxcx lsavkptjeocf xvtivcokcx njtklptkevkeo hakekhkiex,ke,vtikekeo wkvm vmcbc{ xbkaax tcysktcf njt nkavctkeo! ipptikxkeoief x{evmcxkkeo kenjtlivkje eccfcf njthakekhia fchkxkjex%

HSXPKF njhsxcx je vmc ptkehkpacx ief xbkaax

jn xhkcevknkh keyskt{ echcxxit{ njt fcevkxvxvj htkvkhiaa{ c~iasivc ecw kenjtlivkje iefif~iehcx ke vtcivlcev ief vj pitvkhkpivcke fcevia ptihvkhc tcxcithm ecvwjtbx% Vmcptjotil xsppjtvx cetkhmlcev ihvk~kvkcxvmtjsom i Fcevia Xhmjaitx Ptjotil! wmkhmwkaa ptj~kfc i xsdxcv jn fcevia xvsfcevx wkvmiffkvkjeia hsttkhsait c}pctkcehcx ke hakekhiaief vtiexaivkjeia -aid dcehm vj hmiktxkfc+tcxcithm% I nihsav{ fc~cajplcev ptjotil wkaacemiehc vmc idkakv{ jn iaa nihsav{ lcldctx vjvcihm xvsfcevx xjsef xhkcevknkh tivkjeiac njtvmc kehjtpjtivkje jn ecw kenjtlivkje iefvchmejajokcx kevj jtia mciavm hitc%

Vmc ptjotil kx gjkeva{ iflkekxvctcfd{ i vcil jn vmtcc ptkehkpia ke~cxvkoivjtx!cihm wkvm i sekysc xbkaa xcv ief ihifclkhptjnkac% Ft% Tjdctv Mkevje! ptjncxxjt ke

dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx! xct~cx ix hjevihv ptkehkpiake~cxvkoivjt% Ft% Fie Gjecx =;! ptjncxxjt ief

hmikt jn psdakh mciavm xhkcehcx! ief Ft% HmitDctt{ ?8! ixxjhkivc fcie njt ihifclkh inniktxct~c ix hj,ptkehkpia ke~cxvkoivjtx%

I xklkaita{ dtjif,dixcf xvcctkeo hjllkvwkaa fktchv vmc klpaclcevivkje jn HSXPKFxjdgchvk~cx% Hjllkvvcc lcldctx kehasfc7

Ft% Tcei FXjsi! ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jndkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx2 Ft% Pisa Fchmjw!ptjncxxjt ke dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx2 Ft% PcvctDsxhmieo! ptjncxxjt ke jtvmjfjevkhx2 Ft% IlLkaact ?8! fktchvjt jn hsttkhsasl2 Ft% AittDcaakeoct! ixxjhkivc fcie njt tcxcithm iefotifsivc xvsfkcx2 Ft% Ai~cte Mja{nkcaf ??!fktchvjt jn nihsav{ fc~cajplcev2 ief Ft% IeLhHiee! fktchvjt jn ixxcxxlcev%

Vmc ptklit{ vmtsxv jn jst cnnjtv keHSXPKF kx vj klptj~c jst xvsfcevx htkvkhiavmkebkeo xbkaax njt vmc ippakhivkje vj c~kfcehc

dixcf ptihvkhc! xi{x Mkevje% Ke iffkvkje! vmT43 otiev ptj~kfcx sx i sekysc jppjtvsekv{ cemiehc vmc hsavstc jn c~kfcehc,dixcf keyskiv vmc hjaacoc d{ cxvidakxmkeo ~cescx njt nihsfc~cajplcev ief pctmipx ejstkxmkeo vmcixpktivkjex jn i xliaa xsdxcv jn jst xvsfcevx

dchjlc fcevia ihifclkhkiex%

Vmc EKM Jtia Mciavm Tcxcithm Cfshivkje otiev acifctxmkp ief xvcctkeo hjllkvvcc kehasfcx! ntjl acnv7 Ftx% Pisa Fchmjw! Tcei FXjsi! Hmitacx Dctt{! Iee LhHiee! TjdctvMkevje! Ai~cte Mja{nkcaf! Fie Gjecx! Pcvct Dsxhmieo ief Aitt{ Dcaakeoct% Ejv pkhvstcf kx Ft% Ilp Lkaact%

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90 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

MXH,DHF mjejtx acoih{ jn

dcaj~cf nihsav{ lcldct

Lcldctx jn vmc MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jnFcevkxvt{ nilka{ ljste vmc ajxx jn Ft%Pisa P% Vi{ajt 66! ptjncxxjt clctkvsx! njsefctjn vmc hjaacocx pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{ otifsivcptjotil ief hmikt jn pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{ njtljtc vmie 40 {citx%

Vi{ajt pixxcf iwi{ Xcpv% 9?! 400=! iv ioc=? invct hjlpakhivkjex ntjl i xvtjbc% Mckx tclcldctcf ix i hjlpixxkjeivc fcevkxv!fcfkhivcf vcihmct! dcaj~cf lcevjt ief

ojjf ntkcef%Ft% Vi{ajt mif ie cejtljsx klpihv je

Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{! xi{x Ft% GilcxX% Hjac ?3! MXH,DHF fcie% K tclcldct mkxtclitbidac fc~jvkje ntjl l{ fi{x ix i xvsfcev!wmkhm hjevkescf invct mkx tcvktclcev ix hmiktjn pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{% C~ce wmce mc wix ke mkx?0x ief =0x mc wjsaf xvkaa xmjw sp cita{ jei hjaf Xivstfi{ ljtekeo njt i xvsfcev Civ .Acite ptjotil vj xmitc mkx wkxfjl ief xmjw

Ft% Vi{ajt

wix i pkjecct

ke pcfkivtkh

fcevkxvt{ ief

i acocef%Ft% Xswk XcIac

mkx xsppjtv%Kv kx i vtkdsvc vj mkl ief i otciv dcecnkv vj

sx vmiv mc xvi{cf ke~ja~cf wkvm vmc hjaacoc sevkavmc ~ct{ cef! Hjac xi{x%

Vi{ajt wix jea{ vmc xchjef fcevkxv keVc}ix vj mi~c njtlia otifsivc vtikekeoke pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{% Mc wix vmc vmktffcevkxv c~ct vj dchjlc i fkpajlivc jn vmcIlctkhie Djitf jn Pcfkivtkh Fcevkxvt{% Mcaivct xct~cf ix hmiktlie jn vmiv jtoiekivkje%Mc wix hmiktlie ief ~khc hmiktlie jn vmcPcfkivtkh Fcevkxvx Xchvkje jn vmc IlctkhieFcevia Ixxjhkivkje ief tchck~cf i AkncvklcIhmkc~clcev Iwitf ke 4004 ntjl vmc Fiaaix

Hjsev{ Fcevia Xjhkcv{%Njt 44 {citx invct mkx njtlia tcvktclcev

ke 9;=>! Vi{ajt hjevkescf vcihmkeo pcfkivtkhfcevkxvt{ otifsivc xvsfcevx cihm wccb% Mc wixkefshvcf kevj vmc MXH,DHF Miaa jn Nilc ke9;;; ief tchck~cf vmc Fkxvkeoskxmcf IaslesxIwitf ke 400?%

Ft% Vi{ajt wix i pkjecct ke pcfkivtkhfcevkxvt{ ief i acocef! xi{x Ft% Xsk Xciac!Tcocevx ptjncxxjt ief njtlct hmikt jn pcfkivtkh

fcevkxvt{% Mkx kenascehc mix dcce nit,tcihmkeief vjshmcf lie{% K wjsafev dc wmctc K il

vjfi{! fjkeo wmiv K aj~c vj fj! kn kv wctcev nmkl! mkx lcevjtkeo ief mkx kenascehc ke l{ akn

Invct otifsivkeo ntjl MXH,DHF! Vi{ajthjlpacvcf i otifsivc fcotcc ke pcfkivtkhfcevkxvt{ iv vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Lkhmkoie fcevxhmjja% Mc xct~cf ix i hipvike ke vmc S%X% Itfstkeo vmc Bjtcie _it% Ke 9;38! mc tcvstecFiaaix ief cevctcf ptk~ivc ptihvkhc% Mc xct~njt lie{ {citx ix vmc fktchvjt jn vmc fceviavtikekeo ptjotilx iv djvm Vc}ix Xhjvvkxm TkvcMjxpkvia njt Hmkaftce ief Hmkaftcex LcfkhiHcevct jn Fiaaix! wmctc ie cefjwlcev mix

dcce cxvidakxmcf ke mkx eilc%Vj hjevkesc Vi{ajtx acoih{! lcljtkia

fjeivkjex hie dc lifc vj vmc njaajwkeojtoiekivkjex7 vmc fcevia xct~khc iv Vc}ixXhjvvkxm Tkvc Mjxpkvia njt Hmkaftce! vmcPisa P% Vi{ajt Pcfkivtkh Fcevkxvt{ IxxjhkivkjCefjwlcev Nsef iv vmc HmkaftcexLcfkhia Hcevct Njsefivkje jt vmc DHFPcfkivtkh Fcevkxvt{ Xsppjtv Nsef iv vmcDi{ajt Jtia Mciavm Njsefivkje%

Ft% Pisa Vi{ajt

E C _ X L I B C T X

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

_tkomv ixxslcx ptcxkfceh{

jn kevcteivkjeia ixxjhkivkje

FT% GJME

_TKOMV! Tcocevx

ptjncxxjt iefhmikt jn fkioejxvkh

xhkcehcx! wix

njtliaa{ kexviaacf

ke Gsec 400= ix

ptcxkfcev jn vmc

Kevcteivkjeia

Ixxjhkivkje jn

Jtia Pivmjajokxvx

fstkeo vmc otjspx dkceekia hjeotcxx ke Xi

Ntiehkxhj%

Vmc KIJP t cptcxcevx vmc oajdia hjlls

jn jtia pivmjajo{ wkvm lcldctx ntjl Intk

Ixki! Cstjpc! Isxvtiaki! Aivke Ilctkhi!

Xjsvm Ilctkhi ief Ejtvm Ilctkhi% _tkomv

tcptcxcevcf Ejtvm Ilctkhi je vmc oj~cte

hjsehka jn vmc jtoiekivkje ntjl 4006 vj 4

Mc wix hmjxce ke 400> ix vmc jtoiekivkj

ptcxkfcev,cachv njt i vwj,{cit vctl% Mkx

ptcxkfceh{ tsex sevka vmc otjspx ec}v

hjeotcxx ke Isosxv 4090%

Vmkx kx ejv _tkomvx txv vklc vj acif

i ptclkct fcevia jtoiekivkje% Mc kx pixv

ptcxkfcev jn vmc Ilctkhie Ihifcl{ jn Jti

ief Li}kaajnihkia Pivmjajo{ ief kx hsttcev

xct~keo ix i fktchvjt jn vmc I lctkhie Dji

Jtia ief Li}kaajnihkia Pivmjajo{%

Oakhblie dchjlcx IIC ptcxkfcev

Ft% Octiaf Oakhblie! ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jn cefjfjevkhx!ixxslcf vmc ptcxkfceh{ jn vmc Ilctkhie Ixxjhkivkje jnCefjfjevkxvx ke Iptka fstkeo vmc otjspx 400; ieesia xcxxkje

ke Jtaiefj! Nai%Oakhblie mix dcce ihvk~ca{ ke~ja~cf ke vmc ihvk~kvkcx jn vmcixxjhkivkje njt i esldct jn {citx! xct~keo ix vtcixstct -4003400?+! ~khc ptcxkfcev -400?400=+ ief ptcxkfcev,cachv -400=400;+% Mc iaxj mix pitvkhkpivcf ke vmc wjtb jn ~itkjsx hjllkvvccx!kehasfkeo Psdakh ief Ptjncxxkjeia Inniktx! Cfshivkjeia Inniktx!Tcxcithm ief Xhkcevknkh Inniktx! Hjevkeskeo Cfshivkje ief Ippakcf

Xvtivcokh Paieekeo% Iffkvkjeiaa{! mc pai{cf ie kevcotia tjac ke paieekeo eslctjsx ieesia xcxxkjex!xct~keo ix hmikt jn jtia ief pjxvct tcxcithm ptcxcevivkjex ief vidac hakekhx ntjl 9;;39;;?%

Ke iffkvkje vj mkx acifctxmkp ke vmc IIC! Oakhblie mix dcce i fcfkhivcf fkpajlivc jn vmcIlctkhie Djitf jn Cefjfjevkhx xkehc 9;=?% Mc mix ptj~kfcf oskfiehc ief xsppjtv vj vmcxpchkiav{x hctvkn{keo djitf ix pixv ptcxkfcev -40044008+ ief fktchvjt -9;;?4008+%

Mkx ptjncxxkjeia ke~ja~clcev c}vcefx vj xc~ctia jvmct fcevia jtoiekivkjex! kehasfkeo vmcIlctkhie Fcevia Cfshivkje Ixxjhkivkje! wmkhm dcxvjwcf Oakhblie wkvm i Ptcxkfcevkia Hkvivkjeke Lithm 400;% Vmc iwitf tchjoekcx mkx c}hcpvkjeia xct~khc vj IFCI ief hjllkvlcev vjif~iehkeo vmc fcevia cfshivkje hjllsekv{%

Miaalje tchck~cx mjejtx! tcvktcx

Ft% _kaakil _% Miaalje tcvktcf ke Fchcldct ntjl mkxpjxkvkje ix Tcocevx ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jn vmc Fcpitvlcev jnPctkjfjevkhx%

Mc mif dcce i nsaa,vklc nihsav{ lcldct iv MXH,DHF xkehc

9;;8% Mc fktchvcf vmc hjaacocx otifsivc pctkjfjevkhx ptjotilnjt ckomv {citx ief mif xct~cf ix fcpitvlcev hmikt xkehc 4009%Miaalje xct~cf je 69 lixvctx vmcxkx hjllkvvccx ief oskfcf lie{tcxkfcevx vj wke eivkjeia iwitfx% Mc mix wtkvvce ljtc vmie 60pcct,tc~kcwcf itvkhacx! hjevtkdsvcf vj nk~c djjbx ief achvstcf keDtika! Bjtci! Lc}khj ief vmtjsomjsv vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx%

Ptkjt vj mkx tcvktclcev! Miaalje tchck~cf vwj ptcxvkokjsx iwitfx% Ke Iptka 400=! mc wixmjejtcf ix Ptjncxjt Ptchaitj -Fkxvkeoskxmcf Ptjncxxjt+ ke i sek~ctxkv{,wkfc hctclje{ iv vmcSek~ctxkfif Yscviahjiva Ktipsivj ke Ktipsivj! Lc}khj% Vmc iwitf kx vmc sek~ctxkv{x mkomcxvmjejt% Iffkvkjeiaa{! vmc sek~ctxkv{x Fcpitvlcev jn Pctkjfjevkhx eilcf kvx pctkjfjevkhx hakekh keMiaaljex mjejt%

Ke Xcpvcldct! Miaalje tchck~cf vmc 400= Jsvxviefkeo Pctkjfjevia Cfshivjt Iwitf ntjl vmc

Ilctkhie Ihifcl{ jn Pctkjfjevjajo{ iv vmc otjspx ;6vm ieesia lccvkeo ke Xcivvac% Vmc iwitftchjoekcx ie c}clpait{ pctkjfjevia nihsav{ lcldct njt fkxvkeoskxmcf hjevtkdsvkjex ix i vcihmctief lcevjt%

Miaaljex ihvk~c ke~ja~clcev ke vmc IIP kx litbcf d{ xct~khc je eslctjsx xhkcevknkh iefcfshivkje hjllkvvccx ief vixb njthcx njt vmc jtoiekivkje% Mc mix ptc~kjsxa{ tchck~cf ie IIPncaajwxmkp iwitf ief hsttceva{ xct~cx je ie IIP Njsefivkje hjllkvvcc%

Ft% Octiaf Oakhblie

Ft% _kaakil Miaalje

Ft% Gjme _tkomv

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94 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

Otknnke! Xjajlje mjejtcf

MXH,DI[AJT HJAACOC JN FCEVKXVT[ nihsav{

lcldctx tchck~cf vwj jn vmc xk} ptcxkfcevkia

iwitfx iv vmc Giesit{ 400= Vc}ix I.L

Mciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct hje~jhivkje ke HjaacocXvivkje! Vc}ix%

Ft% Xvc~c Otkne =3! ptjncxxjt ief

fktchvjt jn hakekhx! tchck~cf vmc Ptcxkfcevkia

Iwitf njt C}hcaacehc ke Cfshivkje ief

Lcevjtxmkp2 ief Ft% Ctkh Xjajlje! c}chsvk~c

fktchvjt jn kexvkvsvkjeia tcxcithm! tchck~cf

vmc Ptcxkfcevkia Iwitf njt C}hcaacehc ke

Iflkekxvtivk~c Xsppjtv%

Vmc ptcxvkokjsx iwitfx wctc ptcxcevcf

d{ MXH Ptcxkfcev Ft% Eieh{ _% Fkhbc{ iv vmc

Acjejtc ief _iavct I eecedcto Ptcxkfcevkia

Hjenctcehc Hcevct iv vmc Ocjtoc Dsxm Akdtit{

Hjlpac}%

Hjaacioscx! ntkcefx tclcldct Ntjmdcto

Nihsav{! xvinn ief xvsfcevx iv MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{tclcldct vmc aivc Ft% Swc Ntjmdcto ix i fcfkhivcf vcihmct! xbkaacfhakekhkie ief ojjf ntkcef%

Ft% Ntjmdcto wix i aj{ia ief xsppjtvk~c nihsav{ lcldct wmjiawi{x xmjwcf mkx hjllkvlcev vj vmc hjaacoc ief jst xvsfcevx d{ dckeoi~ikaidac njt ie{ ihvk~kv{ fstkeo wjtbkeo mjstx ief dc{jef! xi{x Ft%

Gilcx X% Hjac ?3! MXH,DHF fcie% Mc wix ie c}hcpvkjeia hjaaciosc iefwkaa dc xjtca{ lkxxcf%

I ptjncxxjt ke MXH,DHFx jtia ief li}kaajnihkia xstoct{ fcpitvlcev! Ntjmdcto xsnnctcf ak~ctnikastc ief pixxcf iwi{ Gie% 46! 400=! wmkac ~kxkvkeo nilka{ ke Octlie{% Mc wix 38%

Ntjmdcto gjkecf vmc nihsav{ ke 9;;6 ix ie ixxkxviev ptjncxxjt ke jtia ief li}kaajnihkia xstoct{ief mif dcce nsaa vklc xkehc 9;;;% Mc ivvcefcf vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Fxxcafjtn Lcfkhia Xhmjja!wmctc mc citecf i fjhvjtivc ke lcfkhkec ke 9;=0 ief i fjhvjtivc ke fcevia lcfkhkec ke 9;;0!otifsivkeo wkvm mjejtx njt djvm fcotccx%

Swc wix ie kefkxpcexidac lcldct jn jst fcpitvlcev! xi{x Ft% Fi~kf Otjoie =9! =>!

ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jn jtia ief li}kaajnihkia xstoct{% Iaa jn sx ke vmc fcpitvlcev wkaalkxx Swc! jst ntkcef ief hjaaciosc%

Tiebke ixxkxvx ke vjdihhj oskfcakecx

Vmc S%X% Psdakh Mciavm Xct~khc tcacixcf ecw oskfcakecx ke Li{ 400=tcoitfkeo vjdihhj hcxxivkje ptihvkhcx%Ft% B% ^ceftcaa Tiebke ??! ptjncxxjt ief ixxjhkivc hmikt jn psdakh mciavm

xhkcehcx ief fktchvjt jn Di{ajt Vjdihhj Vtcivlcev Xct~khcx! xct~cf ix ipcct tc~kcwct ief tcptcxcevcf vmc Ilctkhie Fcevia Ixxjhkivkje fstkeo vmcspfivc ptjhcxx%

Vmc spfivcf hakekhia ptihvkhc oskfcakec wix fc~cajpcf d{ i 46,lcldctptk~ivc,xchvjt pieca jn eivkjeia vjdihhj vtcivlcev c}pctvx%

Vmc hakekhia ptihvkhc oskfcakec! vkvacf Vtcivkeo Vjdihhj Sxc ief Fcpcefcehc7 400= Spfivc! hiedc ~kcwcf iv7 mvvp7**www%xstocjeocectia%oj~*vjdihhj*fcnisav%mvl%

Vcihmctx jn vmc [cit eilcf

FT% BI[ LIXM IEF BIVMACCE LSWWKE itc vm

400; Fcevia ief Fcevia M{okcec Vcihmctx

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Lh_ivvctx ?8 ief Lit{ajs Osvliee%

Xvsfcevx xcachvcf vmc tchkpkcevx njt

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d{ vmc Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{ Iaslek

Ixxjhkivkje%

Lixm! ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt ke tcxvjtivk~

xhkcehcx! mix dcce i lcldct jn vmc MXH,D

nihsav{ xkehc 9;=9 ief hsttceva{ xct~cx ix

vmc hjstxc fktchvjt njt ptchakekhia jpctivk~

fcevkxvt{% Iffkvkjeiaa{! xmc ptj~ kfcx xchje

{cit fcevia xvsfcevx ie kevtjfshvkje hjstx

vj vmc hakekh ief xspct~kxcx hakekhia wjtb nj

vmktf,{cit fcevia xvsfcevx%Lixm xi{x xmc efx gj{ ke wivhmkeo

xvsfcevx otjw ntjl ciocta{ ptcpitkeo vmck

txv paixvkh v{pjfjev vjjvm vj dchjlkeo

hjlpcvcev hakekhkiex%

Vcihmkeo kx ejv Lixmx jea{ pixxkje%

Xmc iaxj cegj{x itv ief mix njsef i wi{

vj hjldkec mct vwj aj~cx% Xmc wtjvc ief

kaasxvtivcf vmc xvsfcev liesia sxcf iv MXH

DHF ke vmc ptchakekhia jpctivk~c hjstxcx%

Lixm mix fcotccx ntjl vmc Sek~ctxkv{ j

Lkxxjstk,Biexix Hkv{ Xhmjja jn Fcevkxvt{ i

vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Itbiexix% Xmc kx i lcldcjn vmc Ilctkhie Fcevia Ixxjhkivkje! vmc Vc}

Fcevia Ixxjhkivkje! Jlkhtje Bippi Spxkaje

ief vmc Ilctkhie Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvx%

Dckeo eilcf Vcihmct jn vmc [cit d{

Di{ajtx xvsfcevx kx i vtclcefjsx mjejt!

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tcxpchv%

Lske! ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt iv vmc

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9;=>% Xmc vcihmcx sefctotifsivc xvsfcev

Vmcjt{ jn Fcevia M{okcec KK ief Ippakcf

Fcevia Livctkiax% Xmc iaxj vcihmcx otifsiv

xvsfcevx i xpchkia,hitc pivkcev xclkeit ie

xspct~kxcx vmc fcevia m{okcec xvsfcevx

tjvivkje ke vmc hjaacocx xpchkia,hitc hakekh%

K aj~c vcihmkeo! ief K cegj{ wivhmkeo vm

fcevia m{okcec xvsfcevx fc~cajp kevj hitke

clpivmcvkh fcevia hakekhkiex! xmc xi{x%

Ft% Swc Ntjmdcto

Ft% B% ^ceftcaa Tiebke

Ft% Xvc~c Otknn ke Ft% Ctkh Xjajlje

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E C _ X L I B C

Kv mix dcce ie mjejt ief i vtclcefjsxtcxpjexkdkakv{! dsv K wjsafev vtifc i ljlcev jn

kv njt ie{vmkeo ke vmc wjtaf% LIt{ajs OsvLIee

K akbc hjlkeo vj wjtb c~ct{ fi{ dchisxcjn vmc ntkcefakecxx ief cevmsxkixl jn vmcxvsfcevx! nihsav{ ief xvinn% Ft% LkhmIca Lh_IvvctX

Vmc xspctd otjsp jn fcevia m{okcec nihsav{

lcldctx iv MXH,DHF kx iejvmct mkomakomv jn mct

hitcct! xi{x Lske%

_kvm fcotccx ntjl Xjsvmcte Kaakejkx Sek~ctxkv{!

Aj{jai Sek~ctxkv{ Hmkhioj ief vmc Sek~ctxkv{

jn Lkxxjstk,Biexix Hkv{! Lske mix cldtihcf

vmc hjllkvlcev vj akncajeo acitekeo xmc klpitvx

vj mct xvsfcevx% Mct tcxcithm kevctcxvx kehasfc

fcxcexkvkkeo iocevx njt fcevke m{pctxcexkvk~kv{

ief ictjxja tcfshvkje fc~khcx njt savtixjekh

xhiactx ief ikt pjakxmctx%

Vmkx kx ejv vmc txv ihhjaifc Lske mixtchck~cf njt jsvxviefkeo vcihmkeo% Xmc t chck~cf

vmc xilc iwitf ke 4006 ief vmc vcihmkeo iwitf

njt pitv,vklc nihsav{ ke 9;;3%

K cegj{ vcihmkeo iv Di{ajt ief ncca njtvseivc

vj dc idac vj wjtb ke ie kexvkvsvkje vmiv ptjljvcx

mkom cvmkhia cfshivkjeia ief hakekhia xviefitfx!

Lske xi{x%

Lh_ivvctx! ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt ke

tcxvjtivk~c xhkcehcx! mix dcce i lcldct jn

vmc MXH,DHF nihsav{ xkehc 4009% Mc vcihmcx

}cf ptjxvmjfjevkhx vj xchjef, ief vmktf,{cit

fcevia xvsfcevx% Iffkvkjeiaa{! mc kexvtshvx

txv,{cit fcevia m{okcec ief Xsllct Ptcfcevia

Cetkhmlcev Ptjotil xvsfcevx%

K akbc hjlkeo vj wjtb c~ct{ fi{ dchisxc jn

vmc ntkcefakecxx ief cevmsxkixl jn vmc xvsfcevx!

nihsav{ ief xvinn! xi{x Lh_ivvctx% K vmkeb

vcihmkeo iv i ptjncxxkjeia ac~ca akbc Di{ajt kx

xpchkia dchisxc vmc xvsfcevx itc xj dtkomv ief

ljvk~ivcf ief tciaa{ wiev vj dc mctc vj acite%

Lh_ivvctx ptihvkhcf ocectia fcevkxvt{ ke

Isxvke! Vc}ix! njt 4= {citx% _mkac ke Isxvke!

mc mcaf c~ct{ jnhc ke vmc Hipkvja Itci Fcevia

Xjhkcv{ kehasfkeo ptcxkfcev ke 9;=;,;0% Mc iaxj

mix mcaf pjxkvkjex je vwj xvivc,ac~ca hjllkvvccx

ke vmc Vc}ix Fcevia Ixxjhkivkje ief mix dcce i

lcldct jn vmc Ilctkhie Fcevia Ixxjhkivkje ief

vmc Vc}ix Fcevia Ixxjhkivkje njt 8> {citx%

Xkehc tcvktkeo ntjl ptk~ivc ptihvkhc!

Lh_ivvctx mix vibce ieesia fcevia lkxxkje

vtkpx vj Hcevtia Ilctkhi wkvm Hmtkxvkie Lcfkhia

Lkxxkjex! Keh% Mkx vtkpx ke~ja~c vti~cakeo vj tcljvc

~kaaiocx vj fj c}vtihvkjex njt kefkocejsx pcjpac

wmj fj ejv mi~c ihhcxx vj fcevia vtcivlcev%Ejv tcif{ njt nsaa tcvktclcev! ke 4009

Lh_ivvctx hjevihvcf ajeovklc ntkcef ief MXH,

DHF haixxlivc Ft% Ilp Lkaact ?8! ptjncxxjt ief

fktchvjt jn hsttkhsasl ke ihifclkh inniktx! wmj

jnnctcf mkl i pjxkvkje iv vmc hjaacoc%

K jwc i fcdv jn otivkvsfc vj Ft% Ilp Lkaact

njt ok~keo lc vmc jppjtvsekv{ vj vcihm iv Di{ajt!

ief K ej ajeoct c~ce vmkeb idjsv tcvktclcev!

Lh_ivvctx xi{x%

Osvliee tcvktcf ke Li{ 400= ntjl mct

pjxkvkje ix ptjncxxjt ief otifsivc ptjotil

fktchvjt iv vmc Hitsvm Xhmjja jn Fcevia M{okcec%Xmc xpcev 4? {citx ke fcevia m{okcec cfshivkje

ief ie iffkvkjeia 90 {citx ke ptk~ivc ptihvkhc%

Xmc visomv iv MXH,DHF njt 93 {citx ief iv vmc

Sek~ctxkv{ jn Lit{aief njt 94 {citx%

Ke vmc pixv 4? {citx! K mi~c mif vmc ptk~kac

jn klpihvkeo! jn libkeo i fknnctcehc ke! vmc

cfshivkje jn j~ct 9!000 sefctotifsivc ief

otifsivc xvsfcevx! xi{x Osvliee% Kv mix dcc

ie mjejt ief i vtclcefjsx tcxpjexkdkakv{! dsvwjsafev vtifc i ljlcev jn kv njt ie{vmkeo ke vm

wjtaf%

Osvliee wix eilcf Vcihmct jn vmc [cit ke

9;=? d{ mct xvsfcevx ke Lit{aief ief ptc~kjs

tchck~cf vmc iwitf iv MXH,DHF ke 4008% Xmc

tchck~cf vmc Vc}ix Fcevia M{okcec Fktchvjtx

Ixxjhkivkje Vcihmkeo C}hcaacehc Iwitf ke 9;;

Osvliee tchck~cf ie ixxjhkivc fcotcc ke

fcevia m{okcec ntjl Njecx Xhmjja jn Fcevia

M{okcec iv vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Dtkfocpjtv ke

Dtkfocpjtv! Hjee% Xmc aivct tchck~cf i dihmcaj

fcotcc ke fcevia m{okcec vmtjsom vmc fcotcc,hjlpacvkje ptjotil iv vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn

Lit{aief ke Diavkljtc ief i lixvctx fcotcc ke

Kexvtshvkjeia X{xvclx Fc~cajplcev ntjl vmc

Sek~ctxkv{ jn Lit{aief! Diavkljtc Hjsev{%

Vmc isvmjt jn ljtc vmie 80 itvkhacx ke

fcevia ief fcevia m{okcec gjsteiax! Osvliee

mix hjevtkdsvcf vmtcc djjb hmipvctx vj fcevia

m{okcec vc}vdjjbx ief ptcxcevcf ljtc vmie ?

pipctx ief hjevkeskeo cfshivkje hjstxcx ke vm

Sekvcf Xvivcx ief idtjif%

Dchisxc jn mct tcvktclcev! vmc 400=

Fcevia M{okcec Vcihmct,jn,vmc,[cit Iwitf wixpitvkhsaita{ tcwitfkeo% _miv i pjxkvk~c wi{ vj

cef l{ ihifclkh hitcct! xmc xi{x%

Ft% Lkhmica Lh_ivvctxFt% Bi{ Lixm Lit{ajs OsvlieeBivmacce Lske

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Bipifki iwitfcf E[S ncaajwxmkp

Ft% Mkvcxm Bipifki! ixxkxviev ptjncxxjt ke dkjlcfkhiaxhkcehcx! wix ihhcpvcf vj vmc Htiekjnihkia Xstoct{Ncaajwxmkp iv vmc Kexvkvsvc jn Tchjexvtshvk~c Paixvkh Xstoct{Ecw [jtb Sek~ctxkv{ Lcfkhia Hcevct% Mkx {citajeo ncaajwxmke htiekjnihkia jtvmjfjevkhx hjehasfcf je Gsa{ 9! 400;%

Bipifki! i fcevkxv ief xhkcevkxv wmj iaxj mjafx i hctvknkhike jtvmjfjevkhx! mix tchck~cf if~iehcf vtikekeo iv E[S kevmc vtcivlcev jn pivkcevx wkvm hacnv akp ief piaivc ief jvmct

htiekjnihkia iejliakcx% Xpchknkhiaa{! mc oikecf c}pctkcehc ke vmc itcix jn ptcxstokhiajtvmjpcfkhx njt kenievx djte wkvm hacnv akp ief piaivc! jtvmjfjevkh lieioclcev jnpivkcevx wkvm hacnv jt htiekjnihkia iejliakcx ief iaa pmixcx jn vtcivlcev paieekeokehasfkeo 8,F hjlpsvct,dixcf xstokhia paieekeo% Bipifki mif vmc jppjtvsekv{ vjfcxkoe ief c}chsvc i hakekhia tcxcithm ptjgchv fstkeo mkx ncaajwxmkp {cit%

Tcxcithmct xvsfkcx djec ief vjjvm fcnchvx

Ft% Gkie Gctt{ Nceo! ptjncxxjt ke dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcxtchceva{ wix iwitfcf i nk~c,{cit! &9%9> lkaakje otientjl vmc Eivkjeia Kexvkvsvcx jn Mciavmx Eivkjeia Kexvkvsvc jnFcevia ief Htiekjnihkia Tcxcithm vj xvsf{ i pjvcevkia hisxcidejtliakvkcx fstkeo djec ief vjjvm njtlivkje%

Nceo ief hj,ptkehkpia ke~cxvkoivjt Ft% Hmseake Yke!ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt ke dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx! wkaa xvsf{ vmcnjtlivkje jn fcevke! vmc aitocxv hjlpjecev jn vccvm! vj

savklivca{ xmcf akomv je vmc ptc~cevkje jn xvtshvstia fcnchvx%Nceo ief hjaacioscx mi~c xvsfkcf fcevke livtk} ptjvcke 9 -FLP9+ ief mi~c xmjwe

vmiv vmkx ptjvcke kx htshkia njt vmc ptjpct lkectiakivkje jn djec ief fcevke% FLP9 kx

njsef ke djec! fcevia psap ief jfjevjdaixvx hcaax ajhivcf je vmc xstnihc jn fcevia pvmiv xchtcvc fcevke%

Ke mkx ptc~kjsx xvsfkcx jn lkhc vmiv wctc dtcf wkvmjsv FLP9! Nceo njsef vmivvmkx lkxxkeo ptjvcke hisxcf idejtliakvkcx ke vmckt vccvm% Vmc{ mif ceaitocf psaphmildctx! kehtcixcf wkfvm jn vmc ptcfcevke itci! aihb jn lkectiakivkje ief fcai{cfvmktf ljait njtlivkje%

Hjkehkfceviaa{! Nceo ief hjwjtbctx njsef vmiv msliex wkvm i hjefkvkje hiaacfisvjxjlia tchcxxk~c m{pjpmjxpmivclkh tkhbcvx -ITMT+ mif djec ief fcevkefcnchvx ~ct{ xklkait vj vmjxc mc jdxct~cf ke vmc lkhc wkvmjsv FLP9% Spje nstvmctke~cxvkoivkje! vmc tcxcithmctx fkxhj~ctcf vwj FLP9 lsvivkjex ke vmcxc pivkcevx%

Nceo ptjpjxcx vj tcpikt vmc vjjvm ief djec fcnchvx ke ITMT pivkcevx d{ tcvitocvkevmc c}ptcxxkje jn FLP9% Vj vcxv vmkx m{pjvmcxkx! Nceo wkaa xvsf{ vmc ocecvkhx iefpm{xkjajo{ jn FLP9 lsvivkjex d{ htcivkeo i ljsxc ljfca wkvm vmc xilc FLP9lsvivkjex njsef ke vmc ITMT pivkcevx%

Nceo gjkecf MXH,DHF ke 400> invct xpcefkeo ckomv {citx je vmc nihsav{ ke vmc jtidkjajo{ fcpitvlcev iv vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Lkxxjstk,Biexix Hkv{% Ptkjt vj mkx ippjkevliv SLBH! mc wix i tcxcithm ixxkxviev ptjncxxjt ke vmc lcfkhia ief fcevia xhmjjax iv vSek~ctxkv{ jn Vc}ix Mciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct iv Xie Ievjekj% Mc mjafx i lcfkhia fcotccief i lixvctx fcotcc ke pm{xkjajo{ ntjl vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Ykefij Lcfkhia Hjaacoc keHmkei ief i fjhvjtivc ke pm{xkjajo{ ntjl vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Hjeechvkhsv%

FXjsi tchck~cx keej~ivkje iwitf

FT% TCEI FXJSWI! ptjncxxjt

ief hmikt jn dkjlcfkhia

xhkcehcx! mix tchck~cf i 400;

Keej~ivkje ke Jtia Hitc Iwitf

vj c}pajtc i pjxxkdac vmctip{

vmiv tcpiktx filiocf vccvm

wkvm dkjceokecctcf vkxxsc%

FXjsi kx jec jn jea{ vmtcc

tcxcithmctx ke vmc wjtaf! ief jec jn jea{ vwj ntjl

vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx! vj tchck~c vmc iwitf% Kv kx nsefcf

d{ vmc Kevcteivkjeia Ixxjhkivkje njt Fcevia Tcxcithm

ief Oai}jXlkvmBakec Hjexslct Mciavmhitc ief wix

ptcxcevcf iv vmc KIFT ocectia xcxxkje ke Lkilk je Iptka 9%

Mct tcxcithm ptjgchv wkaa hjldkec vkxxsc ceokecctkeo

ief eiejvchmejajo{ vj fc~cajp ief vcxv i dkjajokhiaa{

dixcf cefjfjevkh vmctip{ njt vccvm w kvm filiocf psapx%Hsttcev cefjfjevkh vmctip{ xja~cx fcevia ptjdaclx

dsv hieejv klptj~c vmc ajeo,vctl mciavm jn i vjjvm ief

jnvce kehtcixcx vmc tkxb jn kv ntihvstkeo% Vmkx pjxxkdac

ecw vmctip{ sxcx jtoiekh xsdxviehcx hiaacf pcpvkfc

m{ftjocax vmiv hie lklkh eivstia hjeechvk~c vkxxsc ief

xvklsaivc tcotjwvm jn fcevia psap ief fcevke! vmc mitf

vjjvm xvtshvstc vmiv tcxcldacx djec%

Ke vmkx ioc jn t cocectivk~c lcfkhkec! kv kx klpjtviev

vj vibc if~ievioc jn clctokeo vchmejajokcx vj fc~cajp

ljtc dkjajokhiaa{ ftk~ce vmctipkcx vj vtciv hjllje

fkxcixcx! FXjsi xi{x% Vmc kfci jn tcotjwkeo vkxxsc

sxkeo ceokecctcf dkjajokhia livctkiax xjsefx akbcxhkcehc hvkje! dsv kv kx hajxct vj tciakv{ vmie wc vmkeb%

M{ftjocax hjsaf fj c~ce ljtc vmie xvklsaivc vmc

tcotjwvm jn vkxxscx ke vccvm2 vmc{ hjsaf dc iavctcf vj

kehjtpjtivc ljachsacx vmiv hjldiv keillivkje ief

kenchvkje% Vmctcnjtc! kn xshhcxxnsa! vmc ej~ca hjehcpv

njt tcocectivkeo vkxxscx ke vccvm hjsaf xct~c ix i

ljfca njt tcxvjtkeo jvmct hjlpac} vkxxscx ke vmc djf{!

FXjsi xi{x%

Vmc tcxcithm ptjgchv mix otjwe ntjl FXjsix

ajeo,vctl hjaaidjtivkje wkvm iejvmct Vc}ix tcxcithmct!

Ft% Gcnntc{ Mitvoctkeb! ie ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt ke

dkjceokecctkeo iv Tkhc Sek~ctxkv{ ke Mjsxvje! ief Ftx%Bctxvke Oiaact ief Ojvvntkcf Xhmlia ntjl vmc Sek~ctxkv{

jn Tcocexdsto ke Octlie{%

Ix i dkjajokxv ief hakekhkie! K il c}hkvcf iv vmc

ptjxpchv jn wjtbkeo je vmkx ptjgchv wkvm Ft% Mitvoctkeb!

wmj ke~cevcf vmcxc lsavkfjlike pcpvkfcx! FXjsi

xi{x% Jst vcilwjtb dtkeox hjlpaclcevit{ xbkaax vj

vmc ptjgchv vmiv eckvmct aidjtivjt{ hjsaf ihhjlpakxm

kefk~kfsiaa{%

Ft% Tcei FXjsi Ft% Mkvcxm Bipifki

Ft% Gkie Gctt{ Nceo

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9> q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

mckt ajeo hitcctx vjjb vmcl ke jppjxkvc fktchvkjex!

dsv vmtcc iaslek jn Vc}ix I.L Mciavm Xhkcehc

Hcevct Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{ wjsef sp wkvm vmc

xilc vkvac fcie iv tcxpchvcf fcevia xhmjjax ntjl hjixv

vj hjixv%

Ejw iv vmc mcal jn fcevia xhmjjax ke Xie Ntiehkxhj!

Fiaaix ief Isosxvi! Oi%! vmcxc iaslek nkef vmclxca~cx

diaiehkeo xklkait kxxscx ix vmc{ acif nihsav{ ief xvsfcevx kevj

i djaf ecw cti jn fcevia cfshivkje%

Ft% Gilcx X% Hjac ?3! vmc hsttcev fcie jn MXH,Di{ajt

Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{! ixxslcf vmc xhmjjax vjp pjxv ke 4000!

43 {citx invct otifsivkeo ntjl vmc hjaacoc% Ft% Hjeekc

Mixvkeox Ftkxbj >9! i Hitsvm Xhmjja jn Fcevia M{okcec

otifsivc! mix xct~cf ix fcie iv Lcfkhia Hjaacoc jn Ocjtoki

Xhmjja jn Fcevkxvt{ xkehc 4008% Ief Ft% Pivtkhb G% Ncttkaaj

Gt% ?>! fcie jn vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn vmc Pihknkhx Itvmst I%

Fsojek Xhmjja jn Fcevkxvt{ xkehc 400>! vjjb j~ct invct vmc

acocefit{ Fsojek cefcf mkx 4=,{cit vcestc ix fcie%

Iavmjsom iaa mi~c vmckt tjjvx ke MXH,DHF! vmc vtkj vjjb

~ct{ fknnctcev tjifx vj vmckt hsttcev pjxkvkjex%

Hjac fkxhj~ctcf fcevkxvt{ ix i hitcct pjxxkdkakv{ vmtjsom

i hmiehc cehjsevct wkvm i ntkcef wmkac djvm wctc je

lkakvit{ fcpaj{lcev% Invct otifsivkeo ntjl Xvcpmce N%

Isxvke Xvivc Sek~ctxkv{ ke Eihjofjhmcx! Vc}ix! wkvm ie

ihhjsevkeo fcotcc! mc xct~cf ke ^kcveil ief xpcev njst

{citx je i S%X% Ei~{ xmkp ke nihv! mkx ~cxxca wix ke~ja~cf

ke pkhbkeo sp vmc htcw jn vmc htkppacf Ipjaaj 98 xpihc

hipxsac invct kv aiefcf xinca{ ke vmc Pihknkh%

Fstkeo mkx xvkev ke vmc Ei~{! Hjac wtjvc xjnvwitc

ptjotilx vmiv tie je vmc xmkpx hjlpsvctx ief mcapcf bccp

D{ Bivmt{e Gjecx

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

vtihb jn vmc htcw% Jec ekomv wmkac je xmjtc aci~c ke vmcPmkakppkecx! mc tie kevj i ntkcef! Ft% Bckvm Vmjtevje >;!i fcevkxv ntjl Fiaaix% Vmc vwj viabcf idjsv fcevkxvt{% Kvtciaa{ fkf xccl bkef jn kevctcxvkeo! Hjac tchiaax% _mce mkxvjst jn fsv{ cefcf! mc wixev xstc wmiv mc wievcf vj fj%Invct hjexkfctivkje! mc hilc dihb vj Fiaaix ief cetjaacf kefcevia xhmjja%

Invct otifsivkje! Hjac wcev kevj ptihvkhc wkvm ihaixxlivc% Vj libc cefx lccv! vmc{ djvm visomv pitv vklc%Vmce xjlcvmkeo seievkhkpivcf mippcecf% Vmc hjstxcfktchvjt ke fcevia livctkiax xsnnctcf i mcitv ivvihb% Iejvmctpitv,vklc nihsav{ lcldct vjjb j~ct mkx achvstcx! ief Hjacixxslcf vmc hjstxc iflkekxvtivkje tcxpjexkdkakvkcx% K wixvmtsxv kevj vmiv xkvsivkje wccbx invct l{ otifsivkje ntjlfcevia xhmjja! Hjac xi{x%

Ke 9;??! mc ief mkx fcevia pitvect fchkfcf ejv vjhjevkesc ptk~ivc ptihvkhc% Hjac xvitvcf vcihmkeo nsaa vklciv MXH,DHF ief hjsevx Ft% Gcxxc Dsaaitf! wmj tcvktcf ixptjncxxjt ief hmikt jn tcxvjtivk~c xhkcehcx ke 9;;3! ix mkxnktxv lcevjt% Mc oi~c lc ptjgchvx vj fj ptjljvkje iefvcestc! nkeiehc! dsfocv% K cegj{cf wjtbkeo je vmcl ief

dskav i hajxc tcaivkjexmkp wkvm mkl! mc xi{x%Mc dcoie vj xpcef mkx c~cekeox ke 9;?; wtkvkeo

hjlpsvct ptjotilx njt vmc xhmjja vj ljekvjt hakekhx!i~ctioc otifcx ief vtihb xvsfcevx ptjotcxx vmtjsom vmcxhmjja% Mkx wjtb ivvtihvcf vmc ivvcevkje jn Ft% TkhmitfDtifac{! wmj dchilc fcie ke 9;=0 ief wix Hjacx ec}vlcevjt% Njt vmc ec}v xk} vj xc~ce {citx! Hjac visomv pitvvklc ief tie vmc hjaacocx hjlpsvct xct~khcx pitv vklc% Mciaxj dcoie vj ocv ljtc ke~ja~cf ke vmc xhmjjax nkeiehcx%

PmkaGjecx*Lcfkhia

Hjaac

ocjnOcjtoki

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9= q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

Ke 9;;0! Hjac dchilc vmc hjaacocx hmkcn nkeiehkia jnnkhct!wivhmkeo j~ct vmc dsfocv ief nkeiehkia inniktx% Mc iaxj

dchilc ke~ja~cf ke wjtbkeo wkvm vmc Vc}ix Acokxaivstc% Mcwix eilcf kevctkl fcie ke 9;;; ief i {cit aivct vjjb vmcmcal% Ocectiaa{ ke ihifclkhx! pcjpac lj~c vmtjsom vmcihifclkh xkfc! wmkac K lj~cf vmtjsom je vmc iflkekxvtivk~cxkfc! mc jdxct~cx% Dsv vmiv iaxj dtkeox sekysc xbkaa xcvx%

Ftkxbj bejwe vj mct ntkcefx ix vmc _mkvc Vjteifjdchisxc jn mct xvtkbkeo xmjhb jn xmjtv wmkvc mikt ief mctcectocvkh fclciejt njaajwcf i fknnctcev pivm vj vmcfciex hmikt% Vwj jn mct hjsxkex wctc pcfkivtkh fcevkxvx ke

Jbaimjli% Xmc wjtbcf njt vmcl ix i hmiktxkfc ixxkxvievwmkac ke mkom xhmjja%

Xmc fchkfcf vj ivvcef MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{dchisxc jn kvx xvtjeo fcevia m{okcec ptjotil ief c}hcaacevtcpsvivkje! xmc xi{x% Invct otifsivkeo! xmc aisehmcf mcthitcct ix i fcevia m{okcekxv ief xpcev 9> {citx ke ptihvkhc keFiaaix dcnjtc dchjlkeo kevctcxvcf ke vcihmkeo%

_ievkeo vj nstvmct mct cfshivkje ief bejwacfoc!Ftkxbj ivvikecf mct fcevia fcotcc ntjl vmc Sek~ctxkv{jn Lkxxjstk,Biexix Hkv{ ief hjlpacvcf i mjxpkvia,dixcfocectia ptihvkhc tcxkfceh{ iv vmc ^cvctiex Inniktx Lcfkhia

Njt Ft% Gilcx Hjac! estvstkeo iaa ixpchvx jn fcevia cfshivkjeief wivhmkeo xvsfcevx pctxjeia ief ptjncxxkjeia otjwvm itcmkomakomvx jn xct~keo ix fcie iv MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{%

Ti{Dt{iev!

Dt{ievXvsfkjx

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

Hcevct ke Aci~cewjtvm! Bie% Xmc aivct xct~cf ix ixxjhkivcfcie njt ihifclkh paieekeo ief nihsav{ fc~cajplcev ief

ixxkxviev fcie njt tcxcithm iv vmc Sek~ctxkv{ jn Ajskx~kaac keBcevshb{%_mce Ftkxbj ittk~cf iv Lcfkhia Hjaacoc jn Ocjtoki

Xhmjja jn Fcevkxvt{ xmc xvitvcf xmibkeo sp vmc xvivsx ysjd{ ptjpjxkeo i tivmct xkoeknkhiev hsttkhsasl hmieoc%

Kv mif ec~ct dcce fjec ke 86 {citx jn vmc xhmjja! xmctchiaax% Hakekhia cfshivkje kx fcak~ctcf ejw vmtjsom vmcHjlptcmcexk~c Hitc Hakekh! wmkhm kx dixcf je i ocectia,ptihvkhc ljfca% Vmc hakekh kx cyskppcf wkvm i hjlpsvctkcf

lieioclcev x{xvcl vmiv kehasfcx cachvtjekh pivkcev tchjtfxief fkokvia tifkjotipm{! ptj~kfkeo tcia wjtaf c}pctkcehc

njt xvsfcevx%Mct hsttcev ligjt ptjgchv kx i ecw &994 lkaakje fceviaxhmjja nihkakv{% Otjsef xmjsaf dc dtjbce ke aivc 400;! iefvmc ecw dskafkeo kx xhmcfsacf njt hjlpacvkje ke niaa 4099%

Vmc ecw nihkakv{ wkaa ihhjlljfivc vmc ~ixv otjwvm iefvchmejajokhia if~iehclcevx vmiv mi~c hmitihvctkcf vmcxhmjja xkehc kvx c}kxvkeo dskafkeo jpcecf ke 9;?0! Ftkxbjxi{x% Pivkcev ~kxkvx itc c}pchvcf vj kehtcixc ntjl 30!000 i{cit vj ecita{ 900!000 iv vmc ecw nk~c,najjt nihkakv{%

Asehmvklc lccvkeoxwkvm xvsfcevx! i pctxjeiakevctcxv ke vmckt xshhcxxief vmc idkakv{ vj xccvmc klpihv jn Ocjtokixjea{ fcevia xhmjja itc iaa

tcwitfkeo jppjtvsekvkcxnjt Ft% Hjeekc Ftkxbj%

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40 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

Jec tcixje Ftkxbj cegj{x mct gjd kx dchisxc xmc j~ctxccxOcjtokix jea{ fcevia xhmjja ief hie xcc kvx klpihv% Idjsv

=3 pcthcev jn vmc hjaacocx xvsfcevx xvi{ ke Ocjtoki vjptihvkhc! ief vmc xhmjjax otifx tcptcxcev idjsv jec,vmktf jnvmc xvivcx ptihvkhkeo fcevkxvx! Ftkxbj xi{x%

Vj vmc wcxv! Ncttkaaj xcclcf djte vj njaajw mkx nivmctxnjjvxvcpx kevj fcevkxvt{ ief cfshivkje% Vmc cafct Ncttkaajxvitvcf vmc cefjfjevkh fcpitvlcev ief kvx otifsivcptjotil iv MXH,Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{% Ncttkaaj xi{xmkx ljvmct wix i otciv Kviakie hjjb! ief fcevia xvsfcevxmseo itjsef vmckt mjsxc jt ivc lciax vmctc% Xvsfcevx aj~cf

mkx nivmct! wmj wix ipptchkivcf njt mkx msliekxvkh acifctxmkpxv{ac ief witlvm% Mc kenascehcf lc vj sefctxvief vmc

~iasc jn dckeo ke ihifclkhx ief vmc tcwitfx {js hietchck~c! Ncttkaaj c}paikex%Ntcxm jsv jn fcevia xhmjja! Ncttkaaj wixvcf ej vklc

pstxskeo vmjxc ihifclkh tcwitfx% Mc gjkecf XjsvmcteKaakejkx Sek~ctxkv{x Xhmjja jn Fcevia Lcfkhkec ix i hakekhiaixxkxviev ptjncxxjt jn cefjfjevkhx! vmce tjxc vj fktchvjt jnhsttkhsait ihvk~kvkcx% Jea{ 90 {citx jsv jn fcevia xhmjja! mc

dchilc vmc xhmjjax ihvkeo fcie ief! i {cit aivct iv ioc 8>!wix eilcf fcie%

Ft% Pivtkhb Ncttkaajipptchkivcx vmc xcexcjn nilka{ iv Pihknkh iefxi{x mkx fcevia,cfshivjtnivmct kenascehcf mkl vjsefctxvief vmc ~iascief tcwitfx jn dckeoke ihifclkhx%

DtshcHjjb

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44 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

D{ Ildct B% Vmjlix

mkafxai{

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

_mce Hkefi LhFjeiaf hiaacfCvmiex' eilc njt mkx ippjkevlcev! vmc 3,{cit,jafkllcfkivca{ mkf dcmkef mkx fifx acox ke vmc wikvkeo tjjl%

Jm ej! Kl ejv ojkeo vj dc idac vj ocv mkl jnn vmchckakeo! LhFjeiaf vmjsomv%

Xmc oceva{ vtkcf vj hji} Cvmie vj hjlc dihbwkvm mct kevj vmc fcevia hakekh! dsv mc wievcf vjxvi{ wkvm Fif% Mc mif fc~cajpcf i ncit jn vmcfcevkxv fstkeo i ptjhcfstc wmce mc wix 6 iefakbcf vmc xchstkv{ Fif jnnctcf%

Cvmie wix iv vmc hakekh njt i hmkaf aknc vmctip{xcxxkje wkvm LhFjeiaf! i hctvknkcf hmkaf akncxpchkiakxv% Vmc ojia7 mcapkeo Cvmie j~cthjlc mkxncit jn vmc fcevkxv% LhFjeiaf dcakc~cx kvx dcxvnjt hmkaftce vj mi~c xcxxkjex kefcpcefceva{! vj

ok~c vmcl clpjwctlcev% Xj xmc lifc i fciawkvm Cvmie7 njt vmkx nktxv xcxxkje jea{! Fif hjsafhjlc wkvm vmcl ief wikv jsvxkfc vmc fjjt%

D{ vmc cef jn vmc ~kxkv! Cvmie wix ej ajeoctht{keo ief kexvcif wix hitcnsaa{ c}pajtkeo vmchstkjsx fcevkxv vjjax xmc dtjsomv njt mkl vj pai{wkvm% Iv mkx xchjef vmctip{ xcxxkje! Cvmie wixwkaakeo vj hjlc kevj vmc hakekh wkvmjsv Fif% Ief

d{ vmc cef jn vmiv ~kxkv! Cvmie wix tcif{ vj xmjwFif wmiv mc acitecf idjsv vmc fcevkxvx jnnkhc ief vj ptihvkhc dckeo i fcevkxv je Fif%

_mce Cvmie nkeiaa{ mif mkx nktxv fcevia

vtcivlcev! mc ejv jea{ lifc kv vmtjsomvj hjlpacvkje dsv wix hjlnjtvidac iefhjjpctivk~c% Vmkx kx wmiv LhFjeiaf hiaax i msoc~khvjt{ lj~keo ntjl dckeo vcttkda{ ntkomvcecfvj paihkeo hjlpacvc vtsxv ke vmc fcevkxv%

Vmiv kx vmc ojia jn hmkaf aknc vmctip{!i dcmi~kjt lieioclcev vchmekysc vmivx{xvclivkhiaa{ fcxcexkvkcx hmkaftce vj xvtcxxnsalcfkhia! vtisli jt otkcn xkvsivkjex%

Acitekeo vj hjpc

Hmkaf aknc sxcx pai{! oskfcf klioct{ ief ~ctdiac}paieivkjex vj fc~cajp hjpkeo xvtivcokcx! cljvkjeiaxvidkakv{ ief fchtcixcf ie}kcv{ ke {jseo pivkcevx% Kvmix dcce sxcf njt fchifcx ke vmc lcfkhia xcvvkeo ief kxwcaa,fjhslcevcf vj klptj~c mciavm hitc c}pctkcehcx njtmjxpkviakcf hmkaftce% Mjwc~ct! ej ysievkvivk~c tcxcithmjt akvctivstc c}kxvx idjsv kvx ippakhivkje ke fcevkxvt{%

Vmiv kx! sevka ejw! ix Vc}ix I.L Mciavm Xhkcehc HcevctDi{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{ hjefshvx tcxcithm vj c}pajtcvmc sxc jn hmkaf aknc ke fcevkxvt{%

Vmkx hjsaf pjvcevkiaa{ mcap xja~c i msoc ptjdacl! iefKl xviooctcf ej jec mix vmjsomv vj fj kv dcnjtc! xi{x Ft%

Hkefi LhFjeiaf wivhmcx ix Lih vmc psppcv dchjlcx vmc pivkcev fstkeo ihmkaf aknc vmctip{ xcxxkje%

'Eilc mix dcce hmieocf%

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46 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

Xsk Xciac ?0! ?4! ?;! Tcocevx ptjncxxjt ief njtlct hmikt

jn vmc Fcpitvlcev jn Pcfkivtkh Fcevkxvt{! wmj ptjpjxcf

ief hmilpkjecf vmc ptjgchv ntjl vmc jsvxcv% Vmc sxc jn

hmkaf aknc ke fcevkxvt{ libcx xj lshm xcexc%

Vmc yscxv dcoie ke Xcpvcldct 400> wmce pcfkivtkh

tcxkfcev Ft% V{ Mkec 03! 0? vcilcf wkvm Xciac ief Ft%

Hitja{e Bctkex 04! 03! ixxkxviev ptjncxxjt ke pcfkivtkhfcevkxvt{! vj c}pajtc vmc cnnchvk~cecxx jn hmkaf aknc ke vmc

fcevia hakekh xcvvkeo njt sehjjpctivk~c hmkaftce iocx 6 vj =%

I hsttcev xvsf{ ke~ja~keo hmkaftce iocx 3 vj 90 wmj

mi~c mif i ptc~kjsx ecoivk~c fcevia c}pctkcehc kx dckeo

hjefshvcf d{ Bctkex ief Ft% Bi~kvmi ^kxwieivmie! i ncaajw

ixxkxviev ptjncxxjt ke pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{%

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lieioclcev vchmekyscx fstkeo vmckt tcxkfceh{ vtikekeo!

kehasfkeo pmitlihjajokh ief eje,pmitlihjajokh lcvmjfx!

Bctkex xi{x% D{ vmckt eivstc! hmkaftce li{ ptcxcev vj vmc

fcevia hakekh wkvm ~it{keo fcotccx jn ncit ief hjpkeo xbkaax%

Hjexkfctkeo vmc i~ctioc hmkafx ivvcevkje xpie kx 40 vj 80

lkesvcx! {js hie kliokec mjw ie mjst,ajeo ippjkevlcev!

wkvm xjlcjec ajjbkeo ke {jst ljsvm! hjsaf xcv sp i ptcvv{

xvtcxxnsa xkvsivkje%

Bctkex xi{x pcfkivtkh fcevkxvx xvtk~c vj wjtb wkvm

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vmcl kevj akncajeo fcevia pivkcevx% Xmc vmkebx hmkaf aknc hjsaf

dc i ajokhia! ej~ca ipptjihm vj i tchsttkeo ptjdacl%

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Mjxpkvia njt Hmkaftce% LhFjeiafx ptc~kjsx c}pctkcehc ix

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c}pctvkxc! cxpchkiaa{ xskvx mct njt hjsexcakeo hmkaftce njt

fcevia vtcivlcev%

Vmc vcil htcivcf i fcevia ~ctxkje jn hmkaf aknc vj hivct

vj vmc hjaacocx pivkcev pjpsaivkje% LhFjeiaf fc~cajpcf

i djjb vj kevtjfshc hmkaftce vj MXH,DHF fcevkxvx ief

c}paike fcevia vjjax ke hmkaf,ntkcefa{ aieosioc% Vmc hjajtnsa

mieflifc djjb fcxhtkdcx vmc dkvc dajhb ix i vjjvm pkaajw2

xvikeacxx xvcca htjwex itc xka~ct mivx%

Ix iejvmct pitv jn hmkaf aknc vmctip{! hmkaftce itc xmjwe

ckvmct ljfca jt tcia lcfkhia kexvtslcevx ief iaajwcf

vj c}pajtc ief liekpsaivc vmcl sxkeo fjaax% LhFjeiaf

kevtjfshcx vmc hmkaftce vj Lihbcekc Lih Ljait! i pixvca,

hjajtcf ns{ iakce psppcv! jt Xillkc! i aitoc xjnv fjaa!

wmj mi~c nsaa xcvx jn vccvm vj c}ilkec ief dtsxm%

Vmc hmkaf aknc fcevia vcil7 Ft% V{ Mkewc! Ft% Bi~kvmi kxieivmie!

Ft% Hitja{e Bctkex! Hkefi LhFjeiaf! X illkc ief Lih

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4> q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

_mce wc ojv nsefcf! wc iatcif{ mif pivkcevx wikvkeovj cetjaa! ^kxwieivmie xi{x%

Dchisxc vmkx xvsf{ njhsxcx je tc~ctxkeo ncit ntjl iptc~kjsx ippjkevlcev! pitcevx itc ixbcf vj hjlpacvc iyscxvkjeeiktc vmiv fcxhtkdcx vmckt hmkafx aixv fcevia ~kxkv iefvmc hmkafx cljvkjex dcnjtc! fstkeo ief invct vmc vtcivlcev%Vmkx mcapx LhFjeiaf kfcevkn{ wmkhm jn vmc cxxcevkia fceviancitx ie kegchvkje! vmc ftkaa! ie c}vtihvkje! vmc fcevkxv jtvmc ce~ktjelcev kx wmiv vmiv hmkaf ncitx%

Lifkxje' ief Ia{xxi' wctc vmc nktxv vwj pivkcevx kevmc xvsf{% Djvm itc ;,{cit,jafx wmj mif dcce tcxvtikecffstkeo vmckt ptc~kjsx fcevia ippjkevlcevx2 Lifkxje ojv iekegchvkje! Ia{xxi mif ie idxhcxx ftikecf%

Ke vmckt hmkaf aknc xcxxkjex! djvm oktax acitecf hjpkeoxvtivcokcx xshm ix fccp dtcivmkeo! xkacev hjsevkeo ief~kxsiakivkje% LhFjeiaf cehjstiocx pivkcevx ke vmc xvsf{ vj

c}pctklcev wkvm hjpkeo xvtivco{ jpvkjex dchisxc vmc{ itcjaf cejsom vj tcixje ief ifgsxv vmckt dcmi~kjt% Ke vmkx wi{!vmc{ nkef vmc lcvmjf vmiv wjtbx dcxv njt vmcl%

_mce K lcv wkvm Ia{xxi! wc nkostcf jsv mjw vj tcai}!LhFjeiaf xi{x% K vjaf mct! Libc {jst djf{ ncca akbc ixvtkeo jn xpiomcvvk! ix LhFjeiaf fcljexvtivcx d{ xkebkeokevj mct hmikt% K vtkcf kv! vmce xmc vtkcf kv! ief K cehjstiocfmct vj ptihvkhc kv iv mjlc%

Ke aivct xcxxkjex! vj ok~c vmc hmkaftce i xvtjeoct xcexc jn

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u Hkefi LhFjeiaf

Tjac pai{keo ok~cx hmkaftce i xcexc jn hjevtja! xj Hkefi LhFjeiafmcapx i {jseo pivkcev ftcxx sp ix i fcevkxv fstkeo i vmctip{ xcxxkje%

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

hjevtja! LhFjeiaf viabx vmtjsom wmiv wkaa mippce ke vmcktfcevia ptjhcfstc% Xmc acvx vmcl vixvc vmc esldkeo htcil!xmjwx vmcl vmc ihvsia kegchvkje eccfac! ke~kvcx vmcl vj xkvke ief ifgsxv i fcevia hmikt! iaa vmc wmkac c}paikekeo mjwc~ct{vmkeo wjtbx%

Kvx clpjwctkeo njt vmcxc hmkaftce vj bejw imcif jn

vklc wmivx ojkeo vj mippce! LhFjeiaf xi{x% Kvx jpcekeovmckt c{cx vj wm{ wc fj vmkeox vmiv wc fj vmkeox njt vmcl!ejv vj vmcl%

Ia{xxi ief Lifkxje hjkehkfceviaa{ mif xcxxkjex je vmcxilc fi{x ief ojv vj dc ntkcefx ke vmc wikvkeo tjjl% Vmcktnilkakcx cehjstiocf jec iejvmct! ix wcaa% Invct Ia{xxinkekxmcf mct vmktf ief nkeia xcxxkje wkvm LhFjeiaf iefvmce tchck~cf mct fcevia vtcivlcev! xmc oi~c Lifkxje xjlccehjstiokeo wjtfx%

Ix Ia{xxi xikf ojjfd{c vj Lifkxje! Lifkxje iflkvvcfxmc fkfev bejw kn xmc wix tcif{ vj ocv mct xmjv! LhFjeiafxi{x% Ia{xxi vjaf mct! Kn K hie fj kv! {js hie fj kv%

Vmiv wix i otciv wi{ vj xvitv vmc xvsf{! LhFjeiafxi{x% Ejw vwj pivkcevx wmj ptjdida{ wjsaf mi~c ec~cttcvstecf vj vmc fcevkxv mi~c j~cthjlc vmckt ncitx%

Ec}v xvcpx

D{ kvx cef! vmc hsttcev xvsf{ wkaa ptj~kfc hmkaf akncvmctip{ vj eslctjsx hmkaftce wmj eccf fcevia ptjhcfstcxvmiv tcysktc iv acixv vwj ippjkevlcevx! dsv mi~c dcceptc~kjsxa{ sehjjpctivk~c iv vmc fcevia jnnkhc%

Bctkex ief ^kxwieivmie mjpc vmc tcxsavx wkaa mcap acifvj nkeiehkia xsppjtv njt i aitoct! ajeo,vctl xvsf{% Dchisxchmkaf aknc vmctipkxvx itc tcysktcf vj hjlpacvc i 6=0,mjstkevctexmkp fstkeo vmckt vtikekeo! vmc nihsav{ lcldctxmjpc hmkaf aknc kevctex hjsaf xsppaclcevLhFjeiafx wjtb ke vmc aitoct xvsf{%

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xi{ kv jev mstv kn vmctcx i hmiehc kv

hjsaf! dchisxc i hmkaf hjsaf vmce ajxc vtsxv

ke nsvstc ~kxkvx% LhFjeiaf iffx vmiv kn i

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jtb%

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q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

d{ aisti dckavmc jn hmieoc

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I

Ke Giesit{ 400?! Ft%

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Njt 93 {citx jt xj! mc mif dcce vt{keo vj

hje~kehc Kefkix fcevia mkctithm{ vj psv i

ptclksl je kenchvkje hjevtja ke vmc hjse,

vt{x 900!000 fcevia jnnkhcx% Mc mif lifc

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mjstx wikvkeo ke sehjlnjtvidac hmiktx njt

ippjkevlcevx vmiv wctc titca{ bcpv%

[cv vmc ptjdacl tclikecf% D{ mkx sejn,

nkhkia hiahsaivkjex! Psvvikim nkostcf vmiv

jea{ idjsv jec jsv jn njst ptihvkvkjectx

wix fcfkhivcf vj xinc ptihvkhcx ke kench,

vkje hjevtja% Ix njt vmc tcxv! mc mif mcitf

xvjtkcx vmiv lifc mkx mikt xvief je cef

fcevkxvx wixmkeo ief tcsxkeo oaj~cx jt

xvctkakkeo vmckt cyskplcev wkvm libcxmknv

ptcxxstc hjjbctx% Mc becw hmieoc mif vj

jhhst iv vmc vjp% Vmiv lciev pctxsifkeo

vmc hjsevt{x fcevia acifctxmkp ief 430

fcevia xhmjjax vj xvcp jsv ke ntjev%

Kf dcce vcaakeo vmcl! _c eccf vj

fj xjlcvmkeo! xi{x Psvvikim! wmj kx ie

ixxjhkivc ptjncxxjt ke fkioejxvkh xhkcehcx iv

Vc}ix I.L Mciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct Di{ajt

Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{% Ncw akxvcecf! c~ce ixKefki dchilc jec jn vmc wjtafx clctokeo

ntjevx njt MK^ kenchvkje! wkvm vmc Eivkjeia

IKFX Hjevtja Jtoiekivkje cxvklivkeo

vmiv iv acixv 4%3 lkaakje pcjpac itc ak~keo

wkvm vmc IKFX ~ktsx ke Kefki% Vmc ptjdacl

fjcxev xvjp wkvm MK^% Jec xvsf{ jn hakek,

hkiex njsef pjjt bejwacfoc jn mcpivkvkx D

vtiexlkxxkje ief ptc~cevkje%

Ke vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx! {jstc ixxstcf

jn wiabkeo kevj i fcevia jnnkhc ief ocvvkeo

i xinc ac~ca jn hitc! mc xi{x% Ke Kefki! acxx

Fiekca Djkvcis q Ftcilxvklc%hjl

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80 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

kx hctvike% Vmc hjsevt{ kx aitoc ieffk~ctxc lcfkhia ief fcevia ptihvkhcxke ljtc innascev jt lcvtjpjakvie itcix

li{ dc ix m{okcekh ix ie{ Ilctkhieptihvkhc! cxpchkiaa{ ix ie klptj~keochjejl{ ief lcfkhia vjstkxl vj Kefkikehtcixc pivkcev fclief njt xincv{%

Ejecvmcacxx! ke ljtc tcljvcpjtvkjex jn vmc hjsevt{ jt ke hakekhxvmiv jpctivc je i xmjcxvtkeo! kenchvkjevtiexlkxxkje tclikex i vmtciv% Jec400> xst~c{ jn fcevkxvx ke Mit{iei!ecit Fcamk! njsef vmiv vmc ligjtkv{ jnocectia fcevkxvx sxcf djkakeo wivct vjxvctkakc cyskplcev% Mciavm isvmjtk,

vkcx itc tcxpjefkeo% Ke 400>! KefkixLkekxvt{ jn Mciavm ief Nilka{ _canitc

gjkecf wkvm vmc _jtaf Mciavm Jtoi,ekivkje ke i hilpikoe hiaacf HacieHitc kx Xinct Hitc vj tcfshc mciavm,hitc ixxjhkivcf kenchvkjex%

Iavmjsom Psvvikim acnv Kefki njt vmcSekvcf Xvivcx ljtc vmie vwj fchifcxioj! mc tclikex hjllkvvcf vj mcapkeovmc hjsevt{ jn mkx dktvm% Mc iaxj mix

dchjlc ie c}pctv ke kenchvkje hjevtja hjefshvkeo xvsfkcx je fcevia wivctx{xvclx! fkxkenchvievx ief vmc f{eil,khx jn hjttjxkje%

Je ie kevcteivkjeia dixkx! mcxvt{keo vj libc i fknnctcehc! xi{x Ft%

Gsfkvm Hmke jn Kefkiei Sek~ctxkv{Xhmjja jn Fcevkxvt{! wmj mix wjtbcfwkvm Psvvikim vmtjsom vmc Jtoieki,

vkje njt Xincv{ ief Ixcpxkx Ptjhcfstcx!wmkhm ptjljvcx fcevia xincv{ vmtjsom,

jsv vmc wjtaf%Iv aixv! klptj~clcevx itc ejvkhc,

idac ke Kefki% Ke 400?! Psvvikim vcilcfwkvm vmc mcif jn Kefkix fcevia hjsehkavj psdakxm kvx nktxv,c~ct djjb jn fceviaxincv{ xviefitfx! i djjb ejw fkx,vtkdsvcf ntcc vj c~ct{ fcevkxv ke vmchjsevt{% Njt vmc wjtb! mc c~ce ojv iejnnkhkia miefxmibc ntjl vmc hjsevt{xptklc lkekxvct%

Dsv ocvvkeo vmctc vjjb ljtc vmie ifchifc jn pctxkxvcehc% Je mkx vwkhc,ieesia vti~cax dihb vj Kefki! ljxva{jsv jn mkx jwe pjhbcv! Psvvikim yskcva{lifc mkx hixc7 Kenchvkje hjevtja keKefki wix i ptjdacl! dsv i xja~idacptjdacl% Kn K wix vmctc vmtcc fi{x! Kfbejhb je vmtcc fknnctcev fjjtx! mc xi{x%

Kvx ejv vmiv vmc{ fjev wiev vj fj

kv! mc xi{x jn mkx Kefkie hjaacioscx!vmctcx gsxv ej klpjtviehc ivvihmcfvj kv%

Vmjsom vmc kehkfcehc jn MK^ mixdcce xvcifka{ hakldkeo! IKFX kx xvkaawtjsomv wkvm xvkoli% Ke lie{ wi{x!pi{keo mccf vj vmc eccf njt dcvvctkenchvkje hjevtja lkomv iaxj dc i vihkviflkxxkje jn vmc xhjpc jn MK^ ke vmchjsevt{! Psvvikim xi{x%

Mc iaxj nihcf ptihvkhia ix wcaaix px{hmjajokhia dittkctx% Sek~ctxiaptchisvkjex libc fcevkxvt{ ljtcc}pcexk~c% Lie{ fcevkxvx ke Kefkijpctivc je i vmke nkeiehkia litoke!wjtbkeo ntjl jnnkhcx nixmkjecf ntjlvmckt mjlcx ief oitiocx% Hitcnsaa{xvctkakkeo cyskplcev! sxkeo ptjpctfkxkenchvievx ief psthmixkeo fkxpjxidac

livctkiax iaa hjxv ljec{% Vj klptj~cxincv{! fcevkxvx ckvmct wjsaf mi~c vjxmtkeb vmckt iatcif{ lcioct ptjnkvx jthmitoc ljtc vj pivkcevx wmj lkomv ejv

dc idac vj innjtf kv%Fstkeo vmc {citx xpcev psxmkeo njt

hmieoc! Psvvikim ojv sxcf vj iexwct,keo xbcpvkhx% Mc tchiaax jec fcevkxvixbkeo mjw je citvm mc wix xsppjxcf

Vmc xvivc hipkvja ke Dieoiajtc! Kefki! kx iv vmcmcitv jn Kefkix nknvm aitocxv hkv{ ief nixvcxvotjwkeo ligjt lcvtjpjakx%

Ft% Tiomseivm Psvvikim -acnv+ otccvx KefkixMjejtidac Ptklc Lkekxvct Ft% Lieljmie Xkeom-vmktf ntjl acnv+ iajeo wkvm vmc ptcxkfcev jn vmcFcevia Hjsehka jn Kefki! Ft% Ieka Bjmak -nit tkomv+!fstkeo vmc fcevia xincv{ xviefitfx tcacixchctclje{ d{ vmc ptklc lkekxvct%

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4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ; D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A

vj ds{ iaa vmc miefpkchcx Psvvikim xikfmc eccfcf% Psvvikim hjlpaklcevcf vmcliex djjlkeo ptihvkhc ief iffcf!

[js hjsaf xcv ie c}ilpac% Ds{ vmcc}vti cyskplcev ief hmitoc ljtc kn{js mi~c vj! Psvvikim if~kxcf% [js hievmce psv i pjxvct ke {jst ajdd{ xi{keo!_c njaajw xvtkhv kenchvkje hjevtja%

Mc dchilc xbkaacf ke xincv{ xiacx,liexmkp% Vmiv pivkcev ke vmc hmiktkx xjlcjecx ljvmct! xkxvct! dtjvmct!hmkaf! mc wjsaf xi{% Itc {js fjkeovmcl i xct~khc kn vmc{ ocv ie kenchvkje

dchisxc jn xjlcvmkeo {js fkf ejv fj:Vmc iexwctx itc wkvmke {jstxca~cx%

Ke lie{ wi{x! mc wiocf mkx hil,pikoe njt kenchvkje hjevtja ix djvm iejsvxkfct ief kexkfct% Mc mif vj dc xcceix djvm ie Kefkie wmj aj~cf mkx hjse,vt{ jn jtkoke ief ie Ilctkhie tcxkfcevwmj becw vmiv xinc ptihvkhcx wctc

ejv jpvkjeia% Mc fkfev wiev Kefkiefcevkxvx vj tcxcev mkl ix xjlcjec wmjmif acnv njt dcvvct jppjtvsekv{ ief

tcvstecf jea{ vj vcaa vmcl wmiv vj fj%Kn {js xjsef akbc i mjv xmjv!

vmc{aa ec~ct akxvce vj {js! mc xi{x% Mchjsafev ftjwe pcjpac wkvm kenjtli,vkje% Vmc lcxxioc mix vj xccp ke!Psvvikim c}paikex%

Iv vklcx! wmce mc wjsaf tcvstemjlc ief xvitv pi{keo vmc dkaax ntjlmkx aivcxv vtkp! Psvvikim wjsaf wje,fct kn mc wix libkeo i fknnctcehc%Dsv mc xi{x ejw vmiv mc wjsaf iawi{xtclcldct vmc if~khc ntjl i ptjncxxjt

iv vmc sek~ctxkv{ wmctc mc nktxv xvsfkcffcevkxvt{7 Kn {js ok~c sp! ejvmkeowkaa mippce%

Je vmiv Giesit{ 400? fi{ ke EcwFcamk! mc hiaacf vmc jnnkhc jn Ft% IekaBjmak! vmc ptcxkfcev jn vmc Fcevia

Hjsehka jn Kefki vmc mkomcxv fceviaisvmjtkv{ ke vmc hjsevt{% Psvvikimc}paikecf vj i fcevia hjsehka ixxkxviev

vmiv mc ak~cf ke Fiaaix dsv wix ke EcwFcamk sevka vmc ec}v ljtekeo% _jsafFt% Bjmak mi~c idjsv 93 lkesvcx vjlccv: Psvvikim ixbcf% Bjmak iotccf%

Njt ljtc vmie ie mjst! Psvvikim xivjsvxkfc vmc hjsehkax iflkekxvtivk~cjnnkhcx wikvkeo njt mkx 93 lkesvcx% Mchjsaf xlcaa vmc hsttkcf itjli ntjl iejeojkeo asehm lccvkeo% Mcf ojvvcesxcf vj pcjpac hiehcakeo! dsv Bjmakc~cevsiaa{ sxmctcf mkl kevj vmc jnnkhc%Psvvikim vmce ptcxcevcf Kefkix ljxv

pjwctnsa fcevkxv i HF vmiv hjevikecfi ptcxcevivkje je kenchvkje hjevtja!ief vmc vwj lce c}hmieocf dsxkecxxhitfx% Bjmak ippcitcf! iv acixv vj Psv,vikim! oceskeca{ kevctcxvcf ke acifkeoc~ct{ fcevkxv ke mkx hjsevt{ kevj i

Ti{D

t{iev!Dt{ievXvsfkjx

Ft% Tiomseivm Psvvikim kx ie kevcteivkjeiac}pctv je kenchvkje hjevtja ief xincv{%

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84 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

ljtc ljfcte cti jn fcevkxvt{% Psvvikim

tcvstecf vj Fiaaix% Mc mcitf ejvmkeo

njt wccbx%

Vmce! je i fi{ jsv jn vmc dasc! mc

acitecf vmiv Bjmak wix libkeo i ~kxkv

vj Fiaaix% Vmc kekvkia tcixjex njt vmc

vtkp wctc ~iosc! ief Psvvikim xchtcva{

wjefctcf kn Bjmak wix xccbkeo mkl jsv

vj fkxhsxx kenchvkje hjevtja% Psvvikim

lifc ie ippjkevlcev vj lccv! ief

vmc vwj lce tcxslcf viabx ix kn njst

ljevmx ief ?!000 lkacx mif ec~ct

kevcttspvcf vmc kekvkia fkxhsxxkje%

Vmc tcxsav! dcnjtc Bjmak acnv Fia,

aix ke Li{ 400?! wix ie iotcclcev

dcvwcce vmc vwj lce vj ptjfshc i

fjhslcev vmiv hjevikecf fcevia xincv{

xviefitfx njt Kefki! wkvm Psvvikimvibkeo vmc vchmekhia acif ief Bjmak

xmcpmctfkeo kv vmtjsom vmc iflkekxvti,

vk~c ief acoia xvcpx% Kv wix jnnkhkiaa{

ifjpvcf vmc njaajwkeo Xcpvcldct% Vmc

oj~ctelcev mix ptkevcf 40!000 hjpkcx

xj nit! lifc vmc fjhslcev i~ikaidac

j~ct vmc Kevctecv ief tcysktcf fcevkxvx

vj njaajw kv%

K lsxv xi{ vmiv Ft% Psvvikim mix

pai{cf i ligjt tjac Rke kenchvkje

hjevtja\! Bjmak wtjvc ke ie c,lika! d{

ejv jea{ libkeo vmc ocectia fcevkxv

sefctxvief vmc klpjtviehc jn xvctkaki,

vkje ke vmc fi{,vj,fi{ ptihvkhc! dsv

iaxj d{ ok~keo vmcl vmc lkesvcxv fcvika

tcoitfkeo vmc ~itkjsx kenchvkje hjevtja

ptjvjhjax%

Njstvm,{cit MXH,DHF fcevia xvs,

fcev Pst~k Pivca xi{x cixka{ ihhcxxkdac

xviefitfx itc ittk~keo iv vmc tkomv vklc%

Kefki mix dcce witlkeo vj vmc kfci

jn dcvvct kenchvkje hjevtja! ke aitoc

pitv ftk~ce d{ Kefkie,djte Ilctkhiex

tcvstekeo vj Kefki njt ~kxkvx ief xccbkeofcevia hitc idtjif ix vmc hjxv jn S%X%

mciavm hitc tkxcx% Lcfkhia vjstkxl iaxj

mix lifc ptihvkvkjectx ljtc hjexhkjsx

jn xincv{%

Pcjpac ntjl mctc fclief ljtc!

xi{x Pivca! wmj wix djte ke Kefki ief

wmjxc sehac ptihvkhcx fcevkxvt{ vmctc%

Ft% Ieka Tcff{ jn vmc hjaacocx

pcfkivtkh fcevkxvt{ nihsav{ iaxj pjkevx

jsv vmiv ix Kefkix chjejl{ mix

c}piefcf! pivkcevx mi~c mkomct c}pch,

vivkjex% Vmc pivkcevx itc fcliefkeo kv!

ief vmc{ itc dcvvct idac vj innjtf vmc

vtcivlcev! Tcff{ xi{x%

Sevka vmc fcevia hitc xviefitfx

wctc psv vjocvmct! Kefkie ptihvkvkjectx

hjsaf mi~c njsef vmc kenchvkje hjevtja

kenjtlivkje vmc{ eccfcf ntjl S%X%

oj~ctelcev _cd xkvcx% Dsv kvx ejv

Xincv{ xsnnctx

i fknnctcev vmtciv

Fcevkxv ief tcxcithmct Ft% Tcei FXjswi iaxj acnv Kefki njt

vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx lie{ {citx ioj% Xmc tclikex hjeechvcfvmtjsom nilka{ ief ntkcefx mj xvkaa ak~c vmctc% Vmiv kx m{ vmc

Ej~% 4? ivvihb ke Lsldik! Kefki vmc jtxv vcttjtkxv ivvihb ke

Kefkix mkxvjt{ xmjhbcf mct vj vmc hjtc% Lsldik kx mjlc%

Ix i {jseo okta! ke mct pacivcf xbktv ief daiwct! xmc jsaf

xbkp jnn vj xhmjja iv vmc Hje~cev jn Gcxsx ief Lit{% Je

ccbcefx! xmc jsaf xecib ii{ vj Djldi{ Mitdjt vj ncca

vmc xci dtccwcx je mct nihc ief xilpac tjixvcf hjte je vmc

hjd! icf d{ vmc vsttcvcf Oivci{ jn Kefki% Xmc

fkf ejv bej vmce vmiv jec fi{ xmc jsaf htjxx

vmc Itidkie Xci vj ak~c i aiefajhbcf aknc ke Fiaaix ix

ptjncxxjt ief hmikt jn dkjlcfkhia xhkcehcx iv Vc}ix I.L

Mciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{%

FXjswix dtjvmct xvkaa ak~cx ke Lsldik! ix fj lie{ ntkcefx

mj xmitcf hspx jn vci iv Acjpjaf Hin% Mct hmkafmjjf mjlcxiv ke vmc xmifj jn vmc Vig Mjvca! ief xmc mcaf mct cffkeo

tchcpvkje vmctc dcnjtc aci~keo njt vmc Sekvcf Xvivcx iv ioc

48% Ej! vmcxc aieflitbx mjxvx vj xjlc jn vmc mippkcxv

ljlcevx jn mct {jsvm mif dchjlc xhcecx jn ~kjacehc ief

fcivm% Kv dtjsomv sp njt lc lcljtkcx jn ;*99! xmc xi{x%

Mct dtjvmct ix semitlcf! dsv xmc xjje acitecf vmiv vmc

xkxvct jn jec jn mct fcevia xhmjja haixxlivcx mif dcce bkaacf%

_c iaa wiev vj mi~cxjlc xcexc jn xincv{wmce wc oj ke njt ie{bkef jn vtcivlcev! ejlivvct wmctc wc itc kevmc wjtaf% Vmctcxc Ajeo

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K E V J S H M _ K V M I A S L E K

86 q D I [ A J T F C E V I A G J S T E I A 4 0 0 = , 4 0 0 ;

Lcxxioc ntjl vmc Iaslek Ixxjhkivkje acifctxmkp

VMC DI[AJT HJAACOC JN FCEVKXVT[ IASLEK IXXJHKIVKJE wjtbx djvm jsv

ntjev ief dcmkef vmc xhcecx vj if~iehc jst iali livct ix jec jn vmc

ptclkct fcevia xhmjjax ke vmc hjsevt{%

Vmc ixxjhkivkje tchceva{ mcapcf tchjoekc ie klpjtviev vtiexkvkje

njt vmc Haixx jn 4099if~iehkeo ntjl ptchakekhia aidx ief achvstcx vj

ptj~kfkeo pivkcev hitc ke vmc hakekh%

_c wctc mjejtcfix ptcxkfcev ief ptcxkfcev,cachv jn vmc ixxjhkivkje

vj pitvkhkpivc ke i xpchkia wmkvc,hjiv hctclje{ litbkeo vmkx jhhixkje

njt xchjef,{cit fcevia xvsfcevx% Vmc Iaslek Ixxjhkivkje psthmixcf

vmc xvsfcevx wmkvc hjivx! wmkhm wctc cldtjkfctcf wkvm vmc Vc}ix I.L

Mciavm Xhkcehc Hcevct ajoj ief vmc Di{ajt Hjaacoc jn Fcevkxvt{ eilc%

Vmkx c~cev kx gsxv jec wi{ vmc Iaslek Ixxjhkivkje hjevtkdsvcx vj jst

tclitbidac xhmjja ief kvx xvsfcevx ief otifsivcx% Iaslek tchcpvkjex

mjxvcf d{ vmc ixxjhkivkje ke Giesit{ ief Li{! ntcc pt ihv