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© AberdeenGroup 2011 Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent Strategies for the Employee Lifecycle Brought to you by:

Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

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Page 1: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011

Be Better at

Assessing and

Developing Talent

Strategies for the

Employee Lifecycle

Brought to you by:

Page 2: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 2

Mollie is a research director at the Aberdeen

Group, as well as a speaker, writer and

analyst in the human capital management

field, with a primary focus on how

organizations enable business success by

unleashing the potential and productivity of

their workforce. She has surveyed and

interviewed thousands of end-users to better

understand the key challenges facing

today’s HR and talent management leaders,

as well as uncover the Best-in-Class

strategies, capabilities, tools and

technologies they are using to address

those challenges.

About the Speaker: Mollie Lombardi

Page 3: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 3

About the Speaker: Sherrie Haynie, M.Ed.

Sherrie Haynie serves as a Consultant

for CPP, Inc. She is an MBTI® Master

Practitioner and MBTI® Certification

Program faculty member. She currently

consults with a multitude of Fortune 500

business of all sizes. In addition to

providing MBTI certification training,

Sherrie develops and facilitates OD

initiatives for leadership, coaching,

teambuilding, performance management,

strategic planning. With a focus on

organizational results, Sherrie previously

consulted for GM, Ford Motor Company,

Delta Airlines, and Wayne State

University.

Page 4: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 4

Our Agenda

Introduction & Overview

Building the Case

Choosing the Right Tools

Crafting the Employee

Experience

Wrap-up and Q&A

Page 5: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 5

Drawn from our World Class Assessments

Research

Published April 2011

Studied 516

organizations and their

assessment strategies

Covering a wide variety

of industries and

geographies

Page 6: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 6

Page 7: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 7

Page 8: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 8

Aberdeen Maturity Class Framework

Selected Performance

Criteria (KPI)

Employee Performance

Bench Strength

Change in hiring mgr satisfaction

Total

Respondents:

- Top 20%

- Middle 50%

- Bottom 30% Respondents are scored

individually across KPI

Best-in-Class

Industry

Average

Laggard

Page 9: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 9

Aberdeen Maturity Class Framework

What you need to do to

become Best-in-Class

What processes you

should have in place

What you need to

measure

Organizational changes

you might want to make

Data / Knowledge

management

considerations

Technologies you should

evaluate

Best-in-Class

Industry

Average

Laggard

P A C

E

Page 10: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 10

Building the

Case

Page 11: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 11

The Talent Lifecycle

Recruitment Onboarding Performance

Management

Succession

Planning

Competencies

Learning

Source: Aberdeen Group

Page 12: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 12

Where Assessments Play a Role

Recruitment Onboarding Performance

Management

Succession

Planning

Competencies

Learning

Source: Aberdeen Group

Page 13: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 13

Fast Facts

Organizations using assessments in both

the pre- and post-hire saw, on average:

18% more of their organizational goals

achieved

15% more of their new hires achieving their

first performance milestone on time

than organizations not using assessments

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 14: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 14

Impact of Assessments on Key Metrics

40% 39%

26%

32%

42%43%

53%

36%

45%46%

57%

48%

0%

20%

40%

60%

KPIs or MBOs

achieved

New hires

achieving first

performance

milestone

Key positions filled

internally

Bench Strength

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=516

Pre-hire

Pre- and Post-Hire

Not Using Assessments

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 15: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 15

Strong Businesses Require Strong Talent

Page 16: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 16

Goals for the Use of Assessments

70%

48% 46%

0%

25%

50%

75%

Improve business

results through better

quality candidates

Deliver leaders to drive

innovation and growth

Improve organizational

fit among new hires

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=

516 All Respondents

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 17: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 17

Pressures (by headcount)

36%

26%

32%

22%

64%

25%

39%

55%57%

%

25%

50%

75%

Organizational growth

goals require better

talent

Shortage of leadership

skills

Need to reduce costs

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=516

< 1000 Employees

1001+ Employees

5001+ Employees

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

Page 18: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 18

Actions (by headcount)

46%

38%

29%

14%

53%

39%44%

29%

39%40%

55%54%

%

25%

50%

75%

Build a

competency

framework

Identify gaps

between workforce

capabilities and

business needs

Ensure all

candidates are

assessed as part

of the hiring

process

Improve talent

segmentation

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=516

< 1000 Employees

1001+ Employees

5001+ Employees

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

Page 19: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 19

The First Three Rules of Talent

Management…

Data

Data

Data

Page 20: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 20

Importance of Assessment Data for Critical

Decisions

3.3

2.9 2.9

4.24.1

3.6

3.4

4.0

3.7

3.23.3

3.8

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Who to hire Who is deemed

high-potential

Who to interview Who is promoted

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=

516

Best-in-Class

Industry Average

Laggard

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 21: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 21

Choosing the

Right Tools

Page 22: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 22

Assessment Types

Basic tests (skills & abilities, cognitive)

Multi-dimensional / whole person assessments

(personality, behavioral)

High stakes assessment (in-depth, simulation

based, applying experiences and knowledge)

Motivational assessments (to identify key

motivational drivers)

Page 23: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 23

Two Essential Questions

How?

and

Why?

Page 24: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 24

Types of Assessments used in the Hiring

Process

College

hires

Entry level

employees

Individual

contributors

First-level

managers

Mid-level

managers Executives

Basic tests 32% 49% 34% 29% 22% 16%

Multi-

dimensional /

whole person

assessments

35% 40% 46% 58% 61% 52%

High stakes

assessments 7% 8% 12% 20% 29% 34%

Motivational

assessments 18% 20% 25% 32% 34% 36%

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 25: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 25

The Talent Lifecycle

The CPI 260® assessment describes and predicts

behaviors. It identifies thoughts, preferences, attitudes,

and behavioral tendencies such as dealing with others,

self-management, motivations, and thinking style.

The CPI 260 assessment yields practical, down-to-

earth insights that can make both selection and

development more efficient and more productive.

Recruitment Onboarding Performance

Management

Succession

Planning

Page 26: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 26

Transportation Company

Challenge

One of the largest transportation logistics companies in North

America experienced rapid growth with a task to hire and develop

200 additional salespeople. The key was to identify candidates to

drive revenues and to reduce sales force turnover.

Solution

CPP developed personality and competency profiles that would

help identify the best candidates for the types of sales positions

they were hiring for.

Page 27: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 27

Transportation Company

Results

The organization has hired high-

potential candidates for its fast-

growing internal sales force.

Because they have personal

attributes and attitudes needed to

make the most of the skills training

they receive, the new hires are

reaching high levels of

performance and productivity

faster and with lower turnover

than past “generations” of new

salespeople.

“We’ve seen substantial

reduction in turnover since we

implemented our use of the CPI

260. It’s helped us identify not

just good, high-potential

salespeople, but happy ones,

too.”

— Director, North American

Transportation Logistics

Company

Page 28: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 28

Post-hire uses of pre-hire data

Educating the hiring manager on style and

preferences of the new hire - 56%

Identifying high-potential talent - 51%

Prescribing targeted learning and development

plans - 49%

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

Page 29: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 29

Elements Used in Promotion Decisions

66%

58%

29%

73%

46%

23%

0%

25%

50%

75%

Hiring manager or

supervisor

recommendation

Multi-dimensional /

whole person

assessments

High stakes

assessments

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=

516

Best-in-Class

All Others

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 30: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 30

Types of Post-Hire Assessments Used

Determining high

potential status

Putting someone in a

succession plan

Promotion to

leadership roles

Best-in-

Class

All Others Best-in-Class All Others Best-in-

Class

All Others

Basic tests 25% 20% 15% 14% 18% 16%

Multi-

dimensional /

whole person

assessments 41% 39% 45% 36% 47% 48%

High stakes

assessment 24% 20% 29% 20% 36% 30%

Motivational

assessments 25% 24% 33% 23% 35% 31%

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

Page 31: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 31

MBTI® assessment identifies innate preferences and to

provide a common language for understanding different

personality styles

FIRO-B® assessment helps individuals understand how

their needs can shape their interactions with others

TKI assessment reveals how individuals handle conflict

and how to adopt the most appropriate style for different

situations

The Talent Lifecycle

Recruitment Onboarding Performance

Management

Succession

Planning

Page 32: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 32

U.S. Air Force Acquisition

Challenge

Employees were being promoted to management positions based

primarily on technical ability. This was mainly due to poor management,

which led to high turnover, lack of improvement, and lack of innovation.

Solution

The development of a two-part seminar that enhanced self-awareness by

providing individuals with knowledge about themselves and information

for applying that self-knowledge to handle conflict, change, and decision-

making.

Page 33: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 33

U.S. Air Force Acquisition

Results

Marked improvement in productivity and organizational cohesiveness, which included:

Improved teamwork and accountability

Anticipating challenges and proactively create action plans that address blind spots

Results-oriented behavior and motivation

Realizing and appreciating the value of diversity on teams…diversity of “thought”

“The CPP assessments have

helped people recognize that

they are part of the problem,

and the solution.”

—Blaise J. Durante,

U.S. Air Force Deputy Assistant

Secretary for Acquisition

Integration

Page 34: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 34

A fact in itself is nothing. It is

valuable only for the idea

attached to it, or for the proof

which it furnishes.

~Claude Bernard

Page 35: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 35

Fast Facts

Best-in-Class organizations are:

85% more likely to be able to correlate

post-hire assessment results to ongoing

performance

42% more likely to be able to tie ongoing

performance back to pre-hire assessments

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 36: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 36

Solution Partner Selection Criteria

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

45%

29%

45%

33%

22%

38%

43%44%

0%

25%

50%

Valid and reliable

science

Accuracy in predicting

potential

Accuracy in predicting

performance

Price

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=516

Best-in-Class

All Others

Page 37: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 37

Two Kinds of Validity

External Internal

Page 38: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 38

Crafting the

Employee Experience

Page 39: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 39

Processes where Assessment Data is

Integrated

42% 40%

35%

30%

21% 20%

0%

25%

50%

Onboarding Strategic or business

planning

Workforce planning

perc

enta

ge o

f re

spondents

, n=

516

Best-in-Class

All Others

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, April 2011

Page 40: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 40

Assess, then Act

Best-in-class companies focus on on-going

process, not stand-alone event

Need to have the right data to drive action….

Multi-dimensional / whole person data

High stakes assessments

Going beyond competencies

Page 41: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 41

Leadership Assessment Follow-up

58%

54%51%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Building an individual

development plan

Career path decision-

making

Follow-up coaching

pe

rce

nta

ge

of re

sp

on

de

nts

, n

=5

16

Best-in-Class

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

Page 42: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 42

The Talent Lifecycle

The CPI 260 assessment is a coaching and leadership

development tool built on more than 55 years of research and

successful real-life applications.

The two reports give specific feedback to suggest growth and

development areas.

They equip managers and executives with personalized

information that enables them to identify strengths and blind

spots, leverage strengths, target areas for development, and plan

action steps to increase effectiveness as leaders.

Recruitment Onboarding Performance

Management

Succession

Planning

Page 43: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 43

U.S. Military

Challenge

A division of the military wanted to improve its leadership development

program for senior personnel, to help it develop a system for capturing

and using aggregate information to create performance benchmarks.

Solution

The creation of a validated “portrait of a leader” with clearly identified

leadership competencies. CPP combined the CPI 260® assessment and

CPP Research Services to provide competency summaries for each

individual in the program.

Page 44: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 44

U.S. Military

Results

These summaries enabled officers

to benchmark their

competencies against those of

other successful leaders within

their military specialty and to grow

their leadership skills.

“With hundreds of military

officers and civilian workers

alike, the CPI 260 assessment

has proven to be a powerful tool

for creating a precise portrait of

an individual’s leadership

potential and for helping this

military training unit craft a

highly effective learning

experience for its future senior

leaders.”

— Military Training Director

Page 45: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 45

Follow-up After Assessment Impacts

Results

45%47%

58%

67%

32%

38%

44%

48%

0%

25%

50%

75%

KPIs or MBOs

Achieved

Employees Highly

Engaged

Leadership Roles

with Identified

Successor

Successors

Exceeding

Performance Goals

pe

rce

nta

ge

of re

sp

on

de

nts

, n

=1

06

Development Planning & Coaching No Development Planning & Coaching

Source: Aberdeen Group, Assessments 2011, March 2011

Page 46: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 46

In a Nutshell…

Organizations need better talent to support their business goals

Data rules! …and organizations are hungry to use data to help them manage the risk around talent decisions

Organizations achieving the most from their assessment efforts are the ones who understand the need for using the right assessment types for the right role and level, and for aligning their assessment strategy with business needs and business results

Page 47: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 47

MBTI® and CPI 260® Certification Programs

Addresses what practitioners need to know to ethically administer, score, and interpret results

Provides access to purchase and administer the assessment and reports

Includes a range of learning experiences (lectures, activities, practice sessions, assignments)

Public program offerings nationwide as well as in-house delivery options

Qualifies for hours/CEUs from several professional organizations (public programs only)

Visit www.cpp.com/mbticertification and

www.cpp.com/cpicertification

* Note: MBTI certification also qualifies a person to purchase and administer the FIRO-B®

assessment

Page 48: Be Better at Assessing and Developing Talent · 2011-12-16 · Criteria (KPI) Employee Performance Bench Strength Change in hiring mgr satisfaction Total Respondents: -Best Top 20%

© AberdeenGroup 2011 48

Thanks for your interest in our research!

Mollie Lombardi

Research Director, Human

Capital Management

[email protected]

617-854-5216

CPP, Inc.

www.cpp.com

[email protected]

800.624.1765

Q&A