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Beach Road – Warren County, Lake George, NY
Integrating Green Infrastructure and Heavy Duty Porous Pavement ….and Then Some
NYS County Highway Superintendents Association 2013 Winter Conference &
Trade Show
January 23, 2013
…Background
Multi-lane, 1-mile long Collector Road
Southern end of Lake George
Multi-Modal
…Background
Funded for full-depth Reconstruction
Federal, State and Local Funds
Improvements in Drainage and Subbase, Mobility
No Environmental Objectives in Original Scope
…Background
Roadway drains directly to the lake
Impaired Water – Chlorides, Road Pollutants
Silt & Sediment from Urban Runoff & Erosion
Constraints
• Little to no opportunity to obtain ROW
• Virtually flat roadway
• Elevation 4’ above Lake Level
• High Water Table
• Curbed Section
…Proposed
Maintain Existing X-Section
Delta Formation – English Brook – Lake George
Sediment
ROADWAY POLLUTANTS
Photo credit: Jeremy Walker, Science Photo Library
Pollutants and Sources of Highway Runoff
Pollutant Source
Particulates Pavement wear, vehicles, atmospheric deposition, maintenance activities.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus Atmospheric deposition and fertilizer application.
Lead Tire wear.
Zinc Tire wear, motor oil, and grease.
Iron Auto body rust, steel highway structures such as bridges and guardrails, and moving engine parts.
Copper Metal plating, bearing and brush wear, moving engine parts, brake lining wear, fungicides and insecticides.
Cadmium Tire wear and insecticide application.
Chromium Metal plating, moving engine parts, and brake lining wear.
Nickel Diesel fuel and gasoline, lubricating oil, metal plating, bushing wear, brake lining wear, and asphalt paving.
Manganese Moving engine parts.
Cyanide Anti-caking compounds used to keep deicing salts granular.
Sodium, Calcium, Chloride
Deicing salts.
Sulphates Roadway beds, fuel, and deicing salts.
Petroleum Spills, leaks, antifreeze and hydraulic fluids, and asphalt surface leachate.
Trash/Litter Items discarded or fallen out of moving vehicles found alongside roadways (e.g., paper/plastic cups, food containers, etc.)
Source: Stormwater Management Planning Guide for Transportation Projects, NYSDEC, 2005
Targeted Pollutants and Their Sources
Automobile By-Products Chlorides – Salt
Targeted Pollutants and Their Sources
Automobile By-Products
Chlorides - Salt
Sediment
Three Segments of the Corridor
West End
East End
Ponds – No Swales – No Sheet Flow - No Sand Filters – No Rain Gardens – No Green Roofs – No Stormwater Planters – No Infiltration – Yes Proprietary Structures – Yes
NYSDEC
Porous Pavements
• Parking areas, access roads, walkways, driveways, cul-de-sacs, urban and suburban roads, etc.
Porous PCC Porous HMA
Porous Pavements
• Parking areas, access roads, walkways, driveways, cul-de-sacs, urban and suburban roads, etc.
Porous Pavers
If We Can …Where Can We Install
Porous Pavement?
East End
Sediment Formed Delta
NYSDEC Forest Preserve
Off-Site Sand and
Salt
East End Profile
12.75%
5.75%
East End
Sediment Formed Delta
NYSDEC Forest Preserve
Off-Site Sand and
Salt
SWTS
Downstream Defender
Downstream Defender
Downstream Defender 10 ft. Diameter Proprietary Structure – 25 CFS Capacity, 8.5 CY Sediment Storage
– NYSDEC – Says Need 80% TSS Removal & NJDEP Approval – However,…NJDEP Tests at 50% TSS Removal Approved DD => 7 CFS…….(10’ Unit) (8’ unit = 4.4 CFS) – No NJDEP Tests at 80% – WQv Treatment (0.22 ac-ft) for contributing Area = WQv Flow Rate of 4.0 CFS
--->…At 7.0 CFS we have 50% TSS Removal, Then at 4.0 CFS we must have more
Manufacturers Spec’s claim 95% TSS Removal @ 4.0 CFS.
Test Results from NJDEP Testing rated the DD at 70% Removal Efficiency using the following Equation where Q=gpm, D= feet.
Q=502 (D/4) ^2.5 = 11 CFS at 70% TSS Removal
NYSDOT Specifications – ITEM 604.5102nn15 (Serialized by Max Flow Rate)
• 80% TSS Removal for WQv Storm • Pass the Design Year Storm = 10 Year, 24-hour => 13.7 CFS (100 yr = 19.6 CFS) • Use 10’ Diameter Unit = 25 CFS Capacity, Sediment Storage • Manufacturers Specs – 50% TSS Removal at 25 CFS
80% TSS Removal Rate at 15 CFS
Stormwater Treatment Structures
West End
East End
West End
NYSDEC East End
West Brook
West Brook Sediment Formed
Delta
Stream Day-lighting & Sediment Removal
Existing Culvert 225’ Feet Long
West Brook
Proposed Culverts 2 x 70’ Feet Long
Low Flow (90%) Channel High Flow Channel
West Brook
January 14, 2013
West Brook
Looking West
West End - Porous Pavement
West End
NYSDEC
East End
Porous Asphalt Pavement
“The Year of Porous Asphalt: Salem, Oregon Proves Trend -- Water-absorbing Pavement is Vogue in 2012” LANHAM, Md., Oct. 15, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire
“Water Absorbing Porous Asphalt Pavement Use Increases in 2012” – Too many to list
“Pavement That Actually Drinks Water? “ | YNN
“It was all absorbed into the pavement “
• Groundwater recharge augmentation
• Runoff Reduction
• Effective pollutant treatment for solids, metals, nutrients, and hydrocarbons
• Safety Improvements – Glare, Road Spray
• Reduced Hydroplaning – Friction when wet
• Reduced de-icing Materials – Reduced Black Ice
• Less Susceptible to Frost – No Capillary Action
• Noise Reduction
• Little to No Closed Drainage System Needed
Porous Asphalt Pavement
• Typically Parking areas, Low Volume, Low Speed Roads, Driveways
Porous Asphalt Pavement US EPA
Porous Asphalt Pavement
Similar to Open Graded Asphalt Courses used by NYSDOT (10FX) -
Not Successful However, It was not a Porous
Asphalt SYSTEM
University of New Hampshire Model
Choker Course: 4”-8” (10 – 20 cm) minimum thickness of ¾” crushed stone
Pervious pavement: 4-6” (10 - 15 cm) of porous asphalt
Filter Course: 8” - 12” (20 - 30 cm) minimum thickness of subbase (aka. bank run gravel or modified 304.1)
Native materials
Filter Blanket: intermediate setting bed: 3” (8 cm) thickness of 3/8” (1 cm) pea gravel
Reservoir Course: 4” (10 cm) minimum thickness of 3/4” (2 cm) crushed stone for frost protection, 4-6” (10-15 cm) diameter perforated subdrains with 2” cover
Optional-Liner for land uses where infiltration is undesirable (e.g., hazardous materials handling, sole-source aquifer protection)
Research: Maine Pilot Project
• 4-lane arterial in South Portland
• Installed in Fall of 2009 – ARRA Funded
• 20,100 Design AADT, 5% Heavy Trucks (3.0 M ESALS
• Highly developed retail and commercial corridor
• No signs of rutting or deterioration In July, 2012
• Custom mix designed for test section, NAPA, UNH
• Warmer Temperatures than Lake George (5-100 F )
December 2010 – Porous Asphalt Feasibility Study – Warren County, Lake George Association (LGA), County Soil and Water Conservation
Porous Asphalt Pavements
Maine Mall Road (Portland, Maine) Photo Credit: Maine DOT
Maine Mall Road (Portland, Maine) Photo Credit: Maine DOT
New Heavier Duty Applications
Maine Mall Road – Portland Maine
850’ feet Long
60,000 SF of Porous Asphalt
Photo Credit: Maine DOT
The Maine DOT Section
9” Asphalt, 15” Reservoir Course, Variable Sand Layer
60,000 SF of Porous Asphalt
Beach Road Design Considerations • Infiltration Tests – 3”/ hr and up
• Design Traffic Loading 1.05 M ESALS - 8600 AADT, 5% Trucks
• Heavy Duty Pavement System
• Sand Layer – (in UNH and Maine design) May Not Be Feasible
• Frost Penetration With high Water Table and Lake
• Constructability Requirements – Economic Impact to Area
• Targeted Primary Pollutants
• Lake Backflow – Irene and Lee
• Contamination from offsite – Irene and Lee
• Extreme Storm Planning – Irene and Lee
• Redundant Drainage System – FHWA Funded, GIGP Grant
• Parts of Existing Drainage System permanently underwater
Consensus Building
• WORK CLOSELY WITH Owner and Agencies • Warren County and Warren County Board of Town Supervisors
– Lake George Association, Warren County Soil and Water Conservation District, NYSDEC,
– EFC – GIGP, EPA - $415,000 from GIGP Grant
• FHWA involved at the onset – Experimental status, Requested testing and monitoring – Should project not function as intended, repairs will be reimbursed
(prorated) by FHWA during time frame of 8 yrs.
• NYSDOT (Region 1 & Main Office) involved at the onset – Work w/B&L to develop testing and monitoring protocols
• KEY PLAYERS AND STAKEHOLDERS Involved EARLY ON
Design Criteria
• AADT – 8,600
• 5% Trucks
• 30 MPH Speed Limit
• DHV = 800
• Roadway Grade < 5%
• Minimize Traffic Control Devices and abrupt Speed Changes
Beach Road System
Beach Road Section
Beach Road System Safeguards
• Frost Penetration Requirements (FAA Design) Thicker Section
• Minimize contamination from offsite
• Accelerated Ground Stabilization – Sod, High Performance Blankets
• No intermediate Sand Layer
• Flanking Drainage Structures – Irene and Lee
• Regular Vacuuming
• Education – Public and Municipal
• Upgrade or Improve Other Nearby Systems – West Brook
Beach Road System Safeguards
Beach Road System Safeguards
Beach Road System Safeguards
Beach Road System Safeguards
Beach Road System Safeguards
No Sand Layer
Beach Road System Safeguards
VACUUM
Beach Road System Safeguards
VACUUM
Beach Road System Safeguards
Beach Road System Safeguards
Power Wash
Beach Road System Safeguards
Power Wash
Beach Road System Safeguards
Clogging Layer Lost Storage Capacity
Beach Road System Safeguards
Power Wash
Beach Road System Safeguards
Slower Infiltration Maintain Adequate Storage Capacity
Beach Road System Safeguards Offsite Contamination Protection
Flanking Structures
Beach Road System Safeguards
Flanking Structures
72” Existing Pipe
Stormwater Treatment System
Specifications
2.36 mm Typical Top Course - 16% Can pass the #8 Sieve
Typical Top Course - 100% Can pass the ½” Sieve
Beach Road Testing Protocol
Beach Road Testing Protocol
Oxidation of the Binder Hydraulic Scouring /Stripping Improperly Stored or Overheated Binder
Choker Course
No Choker Course
Beach Road Testing Protocol
Beach Road Testing Protocol
Demonstration
Beach Road Testing Protocol
Sample Cores
BASE or Binder Course
BASE COURSE
Top Course TOP COURSE
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Water Quality
• Redevelopment Project with reduction in impervious
– From 94% impervious to 50% impervious
– WQv treatment and Water Quantity not actually required Since Greater than 25% reduction in Impervious
• Installing 3 Proprietary SWTS to treat runoff
• Biological activity within the asphalt layers – 98%
“Oil bio-degradation in permeable pavements by microbial
Communities” , A.P. Newman, C.J. Pratt, S.J. Coupe and
N. Cresswell
Water Quality
• Reduced Chlorides by Using Less UNHSC concludes that de-icing materials can be reduced by approximately 50%
• Metal Removal - Zinc, Lead, Copper, Cadmium
• Suspended Solids - Typically Sand, Metals Attached
• Digestion of Hydrocarbons by Aerobic Bacteria Oil bio-degradation in permeable pavements by microbial
Communities” , A.P. Newman, C.J. Pratt, S.J. Coupe and N. Cresswell
Franklin Institute
PDH Questions
• Of the following Roadway Grades, which would be considered acceptable for Porous Pavement Applications?
– 10%
– 2%
– 0%
– 0.5%
PDH Questions
• A Porous Asphalt roadway system Should NOT be described as:
– A Green Infrastructure practice
– An Infiltration Practice
– An Absorbent Roadway
– Part of a Recharge System
– All of the Above
PDH Questions
• A Porous Asphalt roadway system may not be advisable when:
– It is Adjacent to a “Brownfield” or contaminated soil site
– Operating Speeds are over 45 mph
– Proposed for use at a fueling station
– Installed along an Ocean Frontage Road
– All of the Above
PDH Questions
• True or False
– Quality Control throughout the project construction is of Paramount Importance?
PDH Questions
• At what ambient air temperature range is it recommended to place and finish Porous Asphalt?
– 75 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit
– 30 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit
– 867 5309 degrees Kelvin
– 98.6 degrees Celsius
– 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit
PDH Questions
• Applying a Choker Course Can help you accomplish which of the following:
– Get Arrested
– Win the WWF Wrestling Championship
– Keep your dog from biting your neighbor
– Stabilize the larger stone course or courses
Maintenance
Expect Continued Improvements in Maintenance Options and
Equipment
• Design Offsite Protection Systems into your project
• Maintain Vegetated Areas
• Vacuum 2 - 3 X / Year
• Slope Vegetated Areas Away from Roadway
• Use Sod to Establish Turf
• Education – Public and Municipal
• Deep Clean Promptly if Accident Occurs
Maintenance
Why is the Beach Road Project Significant ?
Higher Traffic and Traffic Loading Applications
Standardized Specifications – NYSDOT
Standardizes Protocols and Quality Control
Opens up the Practice to Thousands of miles of Roadways & where HD Pavement is Needed
High Water Table Application Next to a Lake
Thomas Baird, PE, CPESC
Barton & Loguidice
10 Airline Drive Suite 200
Albany, NY 12205 (518) 218-1801