Beer and Wine Production

7/28/2019 Beer and Wine Production

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Beer and Wine


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Outline

Ingredients used in beer and wine production

Microbe involved in beer and wine production

How fermentation is used in the process?


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Beer Production


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What is beer?

centurys old process of converting sugared

water to fermented liquid

beer was a necessity in ancient times

poor water quality

social and medical contributions


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Essential Ingredients of Beer

BARLEY the body & soul of beer

YEAST the life of beer

HOPS the spice of beer

WATER the integrity & purity of beer

Not required, but frequently found ingredient

ADJUNCTS Additive grains like rice or corn, fruit or

spices


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Microbes involved in the Production

of Beer Yeast is an important microorganism used in

beer production. There are two categories of

yeast used :

Ale Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) :

Lager Yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum) :


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What is an Ale?

ale is synonymous for beer

top fermenting yeasts

ferment at higher temperatures

characterized by more-fruity flavors & aromas

with a malty, full bodied flavor


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What is a Lager?

lager means to store

bottom fermenting yeasts

ferment at lower temperatures

characterized by a crisp-tasting, lighter body

and less-fruity aroma rounded, smooth beer


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Processes of Beer Production


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Steeping- grains are soaked in a vat forapproximately 40 hours.

Germination- grains are spread on the floorand allowed to form rootlets. At the end of

germination process the starch has become soft

and he enzymes have not started converting

the starch into sugar yet and as a result Green

malt is formed.


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Kilning - The grains are dried over hot air in akiln. The higher the kiln temperature the more

malt sugar is converted into caramel.

Milling/mashing- milling is the cracking of thegrain. It allows the grain to absorb the water it

will eventually be mixed to extract sugars from

the malt.


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Lautering- the liquid containing the sugar extractedduring mashing is now separated from the grains. It is

then generally termed as wort.

Wort-filtering


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Brewing- during the boil, certain types of hopsare added either for bitterness, aroma and

preservation.

Cooling- the wort is quickly transferred fromthe brew kettle through a device to filter out

the hops and into a exchanger to be cooled.


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Fermentation- at this stage one of the yeast types is

selected to add to the fermentation chamber. The

yeast consumes the sugar in the wort and turns it into

alcohol and carbon dioxide, process also known as

fermentation. After this process the wort finallybecomes beer.

Ale Yeast (Saccharomycescerevisiae)

temperatures (59 77 F) (150 -200C)

Top-fermenting yeastLager Yeast (Saccharomycesuvarum)

temperatures (410-50 F ) (50-100C)

Bottom-fermenting yeast


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Maturation- in this process the brewed beer isimproved through maturation.

Finishing- is the last step in the brewingprocess. The beer is filtered and carbonated.

Bottling- The beer from a holding tank isbottled, canned or put into kegs.


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What is Wine?

What is Wine?

To Serve with Knowledge & Pour with Skill

copyright 2002 The Wine Society of Texas

all rights reserved


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Wine - The DefinitionWhat is wine?

Wine is the fermented juice of any fruit

or vegetable.

You can make wine from almost any organic

substance that contains sugar and water typically

found in fruits and vegetables.Five basic types of wine are:

Red Wine

White Wine

Rose Wine

Sparkling Wine - carbonated

Fortified Wine - high alcohol content


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Essential Ingredients of Wine

Grapes Yeast (Saccharomycescerevisiae and

Saccharomycesbayanus)

Water

Why grapes?Wine from grapes possesses a good combination of balance qualitiesspecifically for wine

sweetness

acidity

alcohol content

yeast also naturally occurs on grapes but winemakers tend to usedeveloped strains of yeast today


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Wine production

There are several steps involve in making wine today so that the endproduct in most cases is either red wine or white wine, and these steps

are:

Harvesting

Crushing

Pressing Fermentation

Clarification

Aging

Bottling


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Harvesting The grapes can be harvested manually or by mechanical

pickers. Manually pickedgrapes are typically higher

quality.

It is important to wait until

the grapes reach the proper

maturity for the varietal of grape

& style of wine being made.

As the grapes ripen, the sugar

level increases and the acidity

decreases

Manual picking

Mechanical picking


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Crushing and destemming

The goal here is to remove as many of the stems aspossible (at least 90%), and make sure that all of the

berries have been sufficiently split open to allow the

yeast to get in and work their magic.

Sulphur dioxide (5 - 10% solution of metabisulphite) is

usually added to the grape bunches as they are fed into

the crusher/destemmer. This inhibits the growth of wild

microorganisms and prevents oxidative browning of the

juice (kills undesirable yeast and bacteria).


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Pressing

This is the separation of the seed and skinfrom the fermented juice in order to

obtain the juice that is trapped within it.

Small Bladder Press

Large Rotary Press


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Fermentation

This stage is begun by

inoculating the juice with

the chosen wine yeast.

This yeast catalyzes a series

of reactions that result in

the conversion of glucose

and fructose to ethanol:

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

This process usually takes 2-20 days.

Red wine 250 to 32oC

White wine 80 to 19oC


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Clarification and Aging

Clarification This involves various steps such as filtration, that removes

the remaining suspended particles producing a clearer or

sparkling wine.

Aging This is the placement of wine into wooden (oak)

barrels for a period of time in order for them to

gain taste and colour.


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Bottling

Wine from the various aging barrels are placed into glassbottles for distribution.

Most wine is consumed within

three years of bottling.

But some fine wines gain addedflavor and bouquet with time in

the bottle if it is stored at 50 to 60 F.

But, humidity is also important

so that the corks do not dry out,

which spoils the wine.


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So what will it be

this Friday night ?Beer or Wine

U Decide!


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Questions

Documents

Beer and Wine Production